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Kibet S, Mudalungu CM, Ochieng BO, Mokaya HO, Kimani NM, Tanga CM. Nutritional composition of edible wood borer beetle larvae in Kenya. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304944. [PMID: 38843212 PMCID: PMC11156320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploration of edible insects as sustainable alternative nutrient-dense sources such as nutraceuticals have attracted more and more global attention recently. However, research on wood borer beetles have largely been overlooked. This study assessed the entomo-chemical properties of Titoceres jaspideus (Cerambycidae) and Passalus punctiger (Passalidae), which are widely consumed in many African countries, including Kenya. The crude protein content of the beetle larvae ranged between 27.5-39.8 mg BSA/g. In comparison with those of cereals, amino acids such as lysine (7.9-9.9 mg/g), methionine (0.48-0.64 mg/g) and threonine (2.31-2.55 mg/g) were considerably high in the larvae. Methyl-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoate and methyl-9Z-octadecenoate were the predominant polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, respectively. High total phenols (>4.4 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (>3.6 mg QE/g) and anti-oxidative activities (>67%) were recorded for both larvae. This implies that increasing the consumption of wood-borer beetle larvae would positively impact the state of the natural environment and reduce the problem of malnutrition in the society. Thus, applying these strategies to develop insect food in a more familiar form can help to make insect-enriched foods more appealing to consumers, facilitating their widespread adoption as a sustainable and nutritious food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack Kibet
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Cynthia M. Mudalungu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brian O. Ochieng
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hosea O. Mokaya
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Njogu M. Kimani
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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2
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Sánchez-Muros MJ, Vargas-García MDC, Varga AT, Fabrikov D, Barroso FG. Evaluation of In Vitro Protein Hydrolysis in Seven Insects Approved by the EU for Use as a Protein Alternative in Aquaculture. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:96. [PMID: 38200825 PMCID: PMC10778058 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid population growth is leading to an increase in the demand for high-quality protein such as fish, which has led to a large increase in aquaculture. However, fish feed is dependent on fishmeal. It is necessary to explore more sustainable protein alternatives that can meet the needs of fish. Insects, due to their high protein content and good amino acid profiles, could be a successful alternative to fishmeal and soybean meal traditionally used in sectors such as aquaculture. In this work, seven species of insects (Hermetia illucens, Tenebrio molitor, Acheta domestica, Alphitobius diaperinus, Gryllodes sigillatus, Gryllus assimilis, and Musca domestica) approved by the European Union (UE) for use as feed for farmed animals (aquaculture, poultry, and pigs) were studied. Their proximate composition, hydrolysis of organic matter (OMd), hydrolysis of crude protein (CPd), degree of hydrolysis (DH/NH2 and DH/100 g DM), and total hydrolysis (TH) were analyzed. The results showed that Tenebrio molitor had digestibility similar to that of fishmeal, while Acheta domestica and Hermetia illucens provided similar digestibility to that of soybean meal. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) data were negatively correlated with all protein digestibility variables. The differences in the degree of hydrolysis (DH) results and the similarity in total hydrolysis (TH) results could indicate the slowing effects of ADF on protein digestibility. Further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Biology and Geology, CECOUAL, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
| | - María José Sánchez-Muros
- Department of Biology and Geology, CEIMAR, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (M.d.C.V.-G.); (A.T.V.); (D.F.)
| | - María del Carmen Vargas-García
- Department of Biology and Geology, CEIMAR, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (M.d.C.V.-G.); (A.T.V.); (D.F.)
| | - Agnes Timea Varga
- Department of Biology and Geology, CEIMAR, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (M.d.C.V.-G.); (A.T.V.); (D.F.)
| | - Dmitri Fabrikov
- Department of Biology and Geology, CEIMAR, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (M.d.C.V.-G.); (A.T.V.); (D.F.)
| | - Fernando G. Barroso
- Department of Biology and Geology, CECOUAL, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
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3
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Malla N, Nørgaard JV, Roos N. Protein quality of edible insects in the view of current assessment methods. Anim Front 2023; 13:50-63. [PMID: 37583798 PMCID: PMC10425142 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navodita Malla
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan V Nørgaard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Rolighedsvej, Denmark
| | - Nanna Roos
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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4
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Krongdang S, Phokasem P, Venkatachalam K, Charoenphun N. Edible Insects in Thailand: An Overview of Status, Properties, Processing, and Utilization in the Food Industry. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112162. [PMID: 37297407 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects have become increasingly popular in Thailand as a nutritious and appealing alternative food source. As the edible insect industry in the country expands rapidly, efforts are being made to transform it into an economically viable sector with substantial commercial potential. Some of the most consumed and sold edible insects in Thailand include locusts, palm weevils, silkworm pupae, bamboo caterpillars, crickets, red ants, and giant water bugs. With its strong growth, Thailand has the potential to emerge as a global leader in the production and promotion of edible insect products. Edible insects are an excellent source of protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. In particular, crickets and grasshoppers are protein-rich, with the average protein content of edible insects ranging from 35 to 60 g/100 g of dry weight or 10 to 25 g/100 g of fresh weight. This surpasses the protein content of many plant-based sources. However, the hard exoskeleton of insects, which is high in chitin, can make them difficult to digest. In addition to their nutritional value, edible insects contain biologically active compounds that offer various health benefits. These include antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-collagenase, elastase-inhibitory, α-glucosidase-inhibitory, pancreatic lipase-inhibitory, antidiabetic/insulin-like/insulin-like peptide (ApILP), antidiabetic, anti-aging, and immune-enhancing properties. The Thai food industry can process and utilize edible insects in diverse ways, such as low-temperature processing, including refrigeration and freezing, traditional processing techniques, and incorporating insects into products, such as flour, protein, oil, and canned food. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the status, functional properties, processing, and utilization of edible insects in Thailand, and it serves as a valuable resource for those interested in edible insects and provides guidance for their application in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiprapa Krongdang
- Faculty of Science and Social Sciences, Burapha University Sakaeo Campus, Sakaeo 27160, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Phokasem
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Karthikeyan Venkatachalam
- Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Makham Tia, Muang, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand
| | - Narin Charoenphun
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Burapha University Chanthaburi Campus, Chanthaburi 22170, Thailand
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Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality and In Vivo Digestibility of Probiotic Beverages Enriched with Cricket Proteins. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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van der Heijden I, Monteyne AJ, Stephens FB, Wall BT. Alternative dietary protein sources to support healthy and active skeletal muscle aging. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:206-230. [PMID: 35960188 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the age-related decline in skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and the associated negative health outcomes, it has been proposed that dietary protein recommendations for older adults should be increased alongside an active lifestyle and/or structured exercise training. Concomitantly, there are growing environmental concerns associated with the production of animal-based dietary protein sources. The question therefore arises as to where this dietary protein required for meeting the protein demands of the rapidly aging global population should (or could) be obtained. Various non-animal-derived protein sources possess favorable sustainability credentials, though much less is known (compared with animal-derived proteins) about their ability to influence muscle anabolism. It is also likely that the anabolic potential of various alternative protein sources varies markedly, with the majority of options remaining to be investigated. The purpose of this review was to thoroughly assess the current evidence base for the utility of alternative protein sources (plants, fungi, insects, algae, and lab-grown "meat") to support muscle anabolism in (active) older adults. The solid existing data portfolio requires considerable expansion to encompass the strategic evaluation of the various types of dietary protein sources. Such data will ultimately be necessary to support desirable alterations and refinements in nutritional guidelines to support healthy and active aging, while concomitantly securing a sustainable food future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ino van der Heijden
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Monteyne
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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7
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Torres-Castillo JA, Olazarán-Santibáñez FE. Insects as source of phenolic and antioxidant entomochemicals in the food industry. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1133342. [PMID: 36937358 PMCID: PMC10014852 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1133342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are a natural resource with profound interest in the food industry. Not only because of their nutritional content and technical production advantage, but also for the presence of bioactive compounds known as entomochemicals. These include phenolic, alkaloid, and terpenoid compounds, as well as amino acids derivatives, among others. This work is focused on phenolic compounds, which have been the best characterized due to their role in food development and bioactive properties. The major taxonomic orders studied in this regard include Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera, whose edible specimens have antioxidant effects provided by the phenolic compounds contained therein. The use of these insects in the development of nutritious foods will enhance the number of options available for the human population. However, depth research is still needed to guarantee the aforementioned bioactivity in processed foods and ensure its innocuity, thus minimizing the risk of allergic reactions and allowing the full utilization of edible insect species in the food industry. Phenolic derived from edible insects portray an opportunity to improve high quality food, as an alternative to diversify and complement an adequate and functional diet. Future development foods supplemented with insects must consider the preservation of potential benefits of not only nutrients, also de nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Torres-Castillo
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Fabián E. Olazarán-Santibáñez
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Fabián E. Olazarán-Santibáñez,
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Barroso FG, Fabrikov D, Sánchez-Muros MJ. In Vitro Crude Protein Digestibility of Insects: A Review. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13080682. [PMID: 36005307 PMCID: PMC9409466 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The high protein content of insects has been widely studied. They can be a good food alternative, and therefore it is important to study the effect of digestion on their protein. This review examines the different in vitro protein digestibility methodologies used in the study of different edible insects in articles published up to 2021. The most important variables to be taken into account in in vitro hydrolysis are the following: phases (oral, gastric and intestinal), enzymes, incubation time and temperature, method of quantification of protein hydrolysis and sample preprocessing. Insects have high digestibility data, which can increase or decrease depending on the processing of the insect prior to digestion, so it is important to investigate which processing methods improve digestibility. The most commonly used methods are gut extraction, different methods of slaughtering (freezing or blanching), obtaining protein isolates, defatting, thermal processing (drying or cooking) and extrusion. Some limitations have been encountered in discussing the results due to the diversity of methodologies used for digestion and digestibility calculation. In addition, articles evaluating the effect of insect processing are very limited. It is concluded that there is a need for the standardisation of in vitro hydrolysis protocols and their quantification to facilitate comparisons in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Applied Biology, CECOUAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-649-129-692
| | - Fernando G. Barroso
- Department of Applied Biology, CECOUAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- Department of Applied Biology, CEImar, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Dmitri Fabrikov
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
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9
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Functional and physicochemical properties of cookies enriched with edible insect (Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas atratus) powders. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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van Huis A, Rumpold B, Maya C, Roos N. Nutritional Qualities and Enhancement of Edible Insects. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:551-576. [PMID: 34186013 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-041520-010856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the urgency to find alternative and sustainable protein sources has prompted an exponential increase in the interest in insects as a human food source. Edible insects contribute suitable amounts of energy and protein, fatty acids, and micronutrients to the human diet. Nutritional values of insects can be manipulated to meet specific needs. Edible insects in food-insecure countries can contribute to improving diets and preventing undernutrition. Bioactive compounds in insects may reduce health risks. Food safety risks are low and mainly relate to those of allergenicity. Strategies to overcome barriers to the consumption of insect products include emphasizing their sustainability, increasing their tastiness, and developing the ability to disguise insects in familiar products. A new sector of insects as food and feed is emerging. Major challenges include legislation, lowering prices by automation and cheap substrates, developing insect products that appeal to consumers, and exploring the health benefits. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold van Huis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Birgit Rumpold
- Department of Education for Sustainable Nutrition and Food Science, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Cassandra Maya
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; ,
| | - Nanna Roos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; ,
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11
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Investigation of in vitro and in vivo digestibility of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae protein. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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12
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Parker ME, Zobrist S, Lutterodt HE, Asiedu CR, Donahue C, Edick C, Mansen K, Pelto G, Milani P, Soor S, Laar A, Engmann CM. Evaluating the nutritional content of an insect-fortified food for the child complementary diet in Ghana. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:7. [PMID: 32266077 PMCID: PMC7114796 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-0331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to rising food insecurity, natural resource scarcity, population growth, and the cost of and demand for animal proteins, insects as food have emerged as a relevant topic. This study examines the nutrient content of the palm weevil larva (Rhynchophorus phoenicis), a traditionally consumed edible insect called akokono in Ghana, and assesses its potential as an animal-source, complementary food. METHODS Akokono in two "unmixed" forms (raw, roasted) and one "mixed" form (akokono-groundnut paste) were evaluated for their macronutrient, micronutrient, amino acid, and fatty acid profiles. RESULTS Nutrient analyses revealed that a 32 g (2 tbsp.) serving of akokono-groundnut paste, compared to recommended daily allowances or adequate intakes (infant 7-12 months; child 1-3 years), is a rich source of protein (99%; 84%), minerals [copper (102%; 66%), magnesium (54%; 51%), zinc (37%; 37%)], B-vitamins [niacin (63%; 42%), riboflavin (26%; 20%), folate (40%; 21%)], Vitamin E (a-tocopherol) (440%; 366%), and linoleic acid (165%; 108%). Feed experiments indicated that substituting palm pith, the typical larval diet, for pito mash, a local beer production by-product, increased the carbohydrate, potassium, calcium, sodium, and zinc content of raw akokono. Akokono-groundnut paste meets (within 10%) or exceeds the levels of essential amino acids specified by the Institute of Medicine criteria for animal-source foods, except for lysine. CONCLUSIONS Pairing akokono with other local foods (e.g., potatoes, soybeans) can enhance its lysine content and create a more complete dietary amino acid profile. The promotion of akokono as a complementary food could play an important role in nutrition interventions targeting children in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Parker
- PATH, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
| | - Stephanie Zobrist
- PATH, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
| | - Herman E. Lutterodt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Cyril R. Asiedu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Chantal Donahue
- PATH, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
| | - Connor Edick
- PATH, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
| | - Kimberly Mansen
- PATH, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
| | - Gretel Pelto
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Cyril M. Engmann
- PATH, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington & Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
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13
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Gómez B, Munekata PES, Zhu Z, Barba FJ, Toldrá F, Putnik P, Bursać Kovačević D, Lorenzo JM. Challenges and opportunities regarding the use of alternative protein sources: Aquaculture and insects. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:259-295. [PMID: 31351528 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The world population is constantly growing so that the needs of food, including protein sources, will also increase considerably in the coming years. Animal farming has been related to numerous environmental consequences such as soil erosion, exaggerated water consumption, generation of large quantities of waste and accumulation of greenhouse gases. This is a situation that demonstrates the suitability and importance of finding more sustainable protein alternatives without losing the quality and the nutritional benefits of current common protein sources. In this context, it is worth highlighting the potential of insects and products derived from aquaculture. Particularly, farmed aquatic food products can reduce the impact on wild fish stocks, whose overfishing may end up in an ecological collapse, and insects are easy to be reared and efficient in converting feed into biomass. However, there are still several challenges like the need to adapt technologies and methods for the production and well-characterization of the new ingredients, careful evaluation of the introduction of such new proteins in the diet and its safety of use, including potential allergies, and the acceptance by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Gómez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Paulo E S Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain; Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
| | - Fidel Toldrá
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Predrag Putnik
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain.
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15
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The ameliorative effect of Protaetia brevitarsis Larvae in HFD-induced obese mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1177-1186. [PMID: 31275718 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-00553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis (P. brevitarsis) larvae, edible insect, traditionally is consumed for various health benefits. However, little information is available with respect to its direct anti-obesity effects. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the regulatory effect of P. brevitarsis against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. HFD-fed mice showed an increase in the body weight and serum levels of total cholesterol as well as low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides. The administration of P. brevitarsis to obese mice induced a reduction in their body weight, lipid accumulation in liver and serum lipid parameter compared with the HFD fed mice. P. brevitarsis also inhibited the expression of obesity-related genes such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and fatty acid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, oleic acid was identified as predominant fatty acid of P. brevitarsis by gas chromatography analysis. Conclusively, these findings suggested that P. brevitarsis may help to prevent obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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16
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Udomsil N, Imsoonthornruksa S, Gosalawit C, Ketudat-Cairns M. Nutritional Values and Functional Properties of House Cricket ( Acheta domesticus) and Field Cricket ( Gryllus bimaculatus). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natteewan Udomsil
- Division of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University
| | - Sumeth Imsoonthornruksa
- Center for Biomolecular Structure Function and Application, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology
| | - Chotika Gosalawit
- Center for Biomolecular Structure Function and Application, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- Center for Biomolecular Structure Function and Application, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology
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Li MM, Zheng GL, Su R, Wan FH, Li CY. A new cell line derived from embryonic tissues of Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:683-9. [PMID: 27083164 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Holotrichia parallela is an important agricultural underground insect pest and also an edible and medicinal insect. Establishing a new cell line of H. parallela will provide a rapid and convenient tool for the studies on its physiology, pathology, and gene functions. In this study, by using the embryonic tissue of H. parallela as the material, we established a new cell line named Hp-E-1. The microscopic observation of its morphological characteristics revealed that its cellular morphology was mainly in the spherical morphology with a mean cellular diameter of 17.71 ± 2.34 μm, accounting for 67% of the total cells. The spindle-shaped cells accounted for 33% of the total cells with a mean size of 23.51 ± 4.37 × 13.98 ± 2.05 μm. The chromosomal number varied from 7 to 40, with about 50% of the cells having a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis indicated that the profiles of PCR-amplified fragments of this cell line were basically similar to those of the embryonic tissues of H. parallela but were obviously different from those of cell line BTI-Tn5B1-4 of Trichoplusia ni and cell line Sf-9 of Spodoptera frugiperda. The DNA fragment encoding mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of this cell line shared 99.7% homology with that of the embryonic tissue of H. parallela, confirming that this cell line is indeed derived from H. parallela. The results of growth curve measurement indicated that the population doubling time of this cell line was 136.7 h. Cell line Hp-E-1 could not be infected by three viruses Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), and Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Li
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Gui-Ling Zheng
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Rui Su
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chang-You Li
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China.
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