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Azarmi S, Akbarzadeh K, Ekrami A, Sheikh Z, Dehghan O. Scalp myiasis associated with soft tissue sarcoma lesion: a case report and review of relevant literature. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:51. [PMID: 38183025 PMCID: PMC10770951 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcophagidae is one of the main fly families that is attracted to open wounds, ulcers, lesions, and other injuries for depositing their larvae. The presence of larvae of flies in human tissues makes myiasis. Myiasis on the scalp could be more frightening in comparison with myiasis on the other parts of the body. It is a rare myiasis case that shows the ability of myiasis agents to attack various parts of the body. On the other hand, reporting of myiasis cases by Sarcophagidae larvae is not common due to difficulties in their identification. This study aimed to emphasize the importance of Sarcohagidae larvae in producing myiasis by describing the first case of soft tissue sarcoma infestation and provides a review of human myiasis by larvae of the Sarcophagidae family during 2010-2023 and also a review of wound myiasis cases associated with malignancy during 2000-2023. CASE PRESENTATION A case of sarcoma cancer myiasis is reported on the scalp of a 43-year-old man who referred to one of Tehran's hospitals for surgical treatment of cancer. Before surgery, insect larvae were observed in the area of sarcoma. The larvae were isolated, examined morphologically, and identified as Sarcophaga spp. CONCLUSIONS Myiasis has been considered as a neglected disease. Publishing of myiasis cases could be useful to alert health policy-makers about its danger and appearance in the community. It is not usual but can be expected even on the scalp of the human head. Exact daily supervision and dressing of the wound could be recommended to prevent cutaneous myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Azarmi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ekrami
- Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Omid Dehghan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.
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Ali MM, Ramadan MA, Ghazawy NA, Afify A, Mousa SA. Photochemical effect of silver nanoparticles on flesh fly larval biological system. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151871. [PMID: 35247817 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the progress of nanoscience and its applications, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become one of the most interesting nanoparticles owing to their use in different fields. However, the excessive use of AgNPs and its products may cause toxicity in both the environment and in human health. The main goal of this research is to study the toxic and photochemical effects of AgNPs against Sarcophaga argyrostoma larvae through ultrastructure, morphological change, and DNA damage. Treating midgut epithelium with AgNPs led to many alterations in dark conditions, disintegrated epithelium, swollen cells, and shrunken nucleus. Organelles appeared in a loose manner and mitochondria were without cristae, endoplasmic reticulum had dark spots, and peritrophic membrane was loose in appearance. Fatty tissues were vacuolized and muscle fibers lacked normal striations and had many gaps and lysosomal bodies. In the light conditions, the epithelium appeared with detached cells and many vacuoles, organelles were ruptured with many gaps in between, and secretory vesicles were scattered. Peritrophic membrane disappeared. Muscles collapsed and vacuolized loosed fatty tissues were detected. On the other hand, control larvae epithelium appeared regularly distinct, with organelles intact and muscles had clear normal striations. Data showed that AgNPs caused ultrastructural and morphological changes of the external cuticle of the 4th instar larvae along with a significant effect on DNA damage that occurred after the larval treatment, reflecting the toxicity of AgNPs.
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Madeira-Ott T, Souza CM, Bunde PRS, Ries ACR, Blochtein B, Thyssen PJ. Forensically Relevant Flesh Flies (Diptera, Sarcophagidae, Sarcophaginae) of Southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:488-507. [PMID: 34999828 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flesh flies comprise a large fly family distributed worldwide that has great importance for forensic entomology. A robust and updated checklist of Sarcophaginae flies recorded in Southern Brazil is presented, based on material collected in the Rio Grande do Sul state and on a literature review. The forensic importance (high, moderate, or none) of the recorded flesh flies for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) or inferring cases of neglect was determined based on their ecological habits. A total of 2,831 specimens representing 38 taxa were collected from three studies. Oxysarcodexia was the most abundant and species-rich genus in all three studies. Dexosarcophaga carvalhoi (Lopes) was registered for the first time in Southern Brazil. The checklist for Southern Brazil comprises 91 species distributed in 19 genera, with Oxysarcodexia, Peckia, and Lepidodexia representing the richest genera. Considering the importance of species for PMI estimation, 10, 42, and 39 species were classified as having high, moderate, or no forensic relevance, respectively. Moreover, five myiasis-causing sarcophagine flies recorded in Southern Brazil were considered to have the potential to reveal cases of neglect or mistreatment. This study revealed that Microcerella halli (Engel) and Peckia (Euboettcheria) australis (Townsend) are the most important species for PMI estimation in Southern Brazil, as they are often found breeding in corpses in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Madeira-Ott
- Laboratory of Integrative Entomology, Department of Animal Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PC 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina M Souza
- Faculty of Human Talents, FACTHUS, Campus I, Ecossistema UniBrasília, PC 38040-240, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Bunde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, PC 96010-900, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana C R Ries
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, PC 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Betina Blochtein
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, PC 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patricia J Thyssen
- Laboratory of Integrative Entomology, Department of Animal Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PC 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Singh A. Prevalence of tracheopulmonary myiasis amidst humans. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:1091-1096. [PMID: 33247331 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of live vertebrates with the dipteran larvae that grow within the host while feeding on its living or dead tissue. Human myiasis is prevalent among individuals in close association of domestic animals and those inhabiting the unhygienic conditions. Open neglected suppurative wounds are the favourable sites that attract and stimulate the gravid female flies for oviposition. However, the poor personal hygiene, ignorance and the mental illness further add to it. Tracheopulmonary myiasis involves the infestation of foul smelling nasal and oral orifices or neglected wounds like tracheostomal incisions with the parasitic dipteran larvae which may extend up to the trachea, bronchi and lungs leading to serious health complications. Despite the incidence of human tracheopulmonary infestation is rare, the severe medical impediments and heterogeneous worldwide distribution signify the medical importance of this condition. The present manuscript reviews and summarizes the worldwide reported cases of human tracheopulmonary myiasis and the predisposing risk factors for onset of the same, as future reference for parasitologists and medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.
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Bettadahalli V, Singh GB, Kumar S, Mirdha BR. A Rare Case of Tracheostomal Myiasis in a Child. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 101:NP196-NP198. [PMID: 32921187 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320958977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vishaka Bettadahalli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 28856Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Bir Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 28856Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 28856Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Bijay Ranjan Mirdha
- Department of Microbiology, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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A world review of reported myiases caused by flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae), including the first case of human myiasis from Palpada scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805). Parasitol Res 2020; 119:815-840. [PMID: 32006229 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rat-tailed larvae of the syrphid species Palpada scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805) are documented causing an enteric human myiasis in Costa Rica. This is the first time that the genus Palpada is recorded as a human myiasis agent. We report a 68-year-old woman with intestinal pain and bloody diarrhea with several live Palpada larvae present in the stool. Using molecular techniques (DNA barcodes) and both electronic and optical microscopy to study the external morphology, the preimaginal stages of the fly were unambiguously identified. An identification key to all syrphid genera actually known as agents of human and animal myiases is provided for larvae, puparia, and adults. Moreover, a critical world review of more than 100 references of Syrphidae as myiasis agents is also given, with emphasis on the species with rat-tailed larvae.
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Huang W, Zeng C, Song W, Xu P. Intratracheal myiasis followed by tracheal-esophageal fistula: report of a rare case and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1060. [PMID: 31847817 PMCID: PMC6918650 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enhance awareness of the clinical features and prevention of endotracheal myiasis. CASE PRESENTATION A case of intratracheal myiasis is reported. A 61-year-old male patient with a history of laryngectomy was admitted to hospital due to tracheostomal hemorrhage of 3 h duration. Intratracheal myiasis was confirmed by bronchoscopy, and the patient underwent bronchoscopic intervention, which was complicated by a tracheal-esophageal fistula and resolved by endotracheal stenting. Twenty months after stent placement, the fistula had not healed. CONCLUSION Intratracheal myiasis has serious complications and is difficult to treat. For post-tracheostomy patients, healthcare providers and caregivers should pay attention to the care and monitoring of wounds and maintenance of a tidy, clean living environment to prevent intratracheal myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Huang
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Song
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
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Ren L, Shang Y, Chen W, Meng F, Cai J, Zhu G, Chen L, Wang Y, Deng J, Guo Y. A brief review of forensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Forensic Sci Res 2018; 3:16-26. [PMID: 30483648 PMCID: PMC6197121 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2018.1432099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Forensic entomology could provide valuable data for the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) estimation and other relevant information, such as causes and circumstances of death. Some representatives of flesh flies are one of the dominant necrophagous insects during early stages of decomposition, demonstrating unique biological characteristics compared with other necrophagous flies. Moreover, they lead to global health concerns as carriers of various pathogenic micro-organisms, and dominantly result in the traumatic myiasis. Thus, sarcophagid flies are considered important in decomposition processes for PMImin estimation. However, the utility of sarcophagid flies has been seriously hampered by limited ecological, biological and taxonomic knowledge of them. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief review on the species, distribution and biological habit of forensically important sarcophagid flies. In addition, the relation between traumatic myiasis and flesh flies, molecular identification methods and developmental pattern of flesh flies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjie Shang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanming Meng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lushi Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Police Officer Vocational College, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianqiang Deng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wound Myiasis Caused by Sarcophaga (Liopygia) Argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): Additional Evidences of the Morphological Identification Dilemma and Molecular Investigation. ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2017:9064531. [PMID: 28251174 PMCID: PMC5303603 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9064531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mediterranean countries, Sarcophaga (Liopygia) crassipalpis, Sarcophaga (L.) argyrostoma, and Sarcophaga (L.) cultellata share the same ecological niche and can be responsible of myiasis. In this study, the main morphological characters of a larva found in a hospitalized woman were described and illustrated by light and SEM microscopy and the features discussed. Then, a fragment within the mitochondrial encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI) gene of ~735 bp was amplified and sequenced. The molecular investigation was necessary to confirm the species Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (99% of identity). Our findings showed that morphological descriptions of larvae of three Mediterranean species of Liopygia available in several papers might not be clear enough to allow for comparison and correct identification. Until results of reliable comparative studies of larvae of all three species will be available, the use of molecular tools is crucial, to avoid misleading or incomplete identification, and in particular when a myiasis becomes a legal issue.
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