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Lobbia PA, Rodríguez C, Mougabure-Cueto G. Can infection with Trypanosoma cruzi modify the toxicological response of Triatoma infestans susceptible and resistant to deltamethrin? Acta Trop 2023; 245:106969. [PMID: 37328120 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical control plays a central role in interrupting the vector transmission of Chagas disease. In recent years, high levels of resistance to pyrethroids have been detected in the main vector Triatoma infestans, which were associated with less effectiveness in chemical control campaigns in different regions of Argentina and Bolivia. The presence of the parasite within its vector can modify a wide range of insect physiological processes, including toxicological susceptibility and the expression of resistance to insecticides. This study examined for the first time the possible effects of Trypanosoma cruzi infection on susceptibility and resistance to deltamethrin in T. infestans. Using WHO protocol resistance monitoring assays, we exposed resistant and susceptible strains of T. infestans, uninfected and infected with T. cruzi to different concentrations of deltamethrin in fourth-instar nymphs at days 10-20 post-emergence and monitored survival at 24, 48, and 72 h. Our findings suggest that the infection affected the toxicological susceptibility of the susceptible strain, showing higher mortality than uninfected susceptible insects when exposed to both deltamethrin and acetone. On the other hand, the infection did not affect the toxicological susceptibility of the resistant strain, infected and uninfected showed similar toxic responses and the resistance ratios was not modified. This is the first report of the effect of T. cruzi on the toxicological susceptibility of T. infestans and triatomines in general and, to our knowledge, one of the few on the effect of a parasite on the insecticide susceptibility of its insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Lobbia
- Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE), Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán", Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Claudia Rodríguez
- Cátedra de Morfología animal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT/CONICET), Argentina
| | - Gastón Mougabure-Cueto
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada - IBBEA (UBA/CONICET), Argentina.
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2
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Dadé MM, Daniele M, Reyes-Novelo E, Rodriguez-Vivas RI. Lethal and repellent effect of amitraz, eugenol and thymol against Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the southern of America. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:574-580. [PMID: 37052250 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The lethal and repellent effect of the synthetic insecticide amitraz and the botanical insecticides eugenol and thymol separately and together in binary mixtures was tested against late-stage nymphs of a susceptible strain of Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, in the Southern Cone of America. For the lethality study, the LD50 was determined for each insecticide alone and in binary mixture by topical application. The combination index (CI) was established to quantify interactions occurring between the insecticides. The repellent effect was tested using the area preference technique. The lethal effect of amitraz was 11 and 34 times more potent than that of thymol and eugenol, respectively. Only the combination of eugenol and amitraz at high concentrations showed a synergistic effect (CI: 0.3). The repellent activity of monoterpenes after 30 min of exposure was significant at 780 and 78 μg/cm2 for eugenol and thymol, respectively. The residual repellent effect of eugenol lasted for one week at the concentrations of 1170 and 1560 μg/cm2 , whereas thymol managed to retain its repellent effect for two weeks at concentrations of 1560 and 3900 μg/cm2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín M Dadé
- Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio, Escuela de Veterinaria y Produccion Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Choele Choel, Rio Negro, Argentina
- Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Carrera de Veterinaria, Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales (UCES), Cañuelas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Daniele
- Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio, Escuela de Veterinaria y Produccion Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Choele Choel, Rio Negro, Argentina
- Carrera de Veterinaria, Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales (UCES), Cañuelas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique Reyes-Novelo
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Roger I Rodriguez-Vivas
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
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Erasmus R, van den Berg J, van Rensburg PJ, du Plessis H. Residual activity of spinosad applied as a soil drench to tomato seedlings for control of Tuta absoluta. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1860-1867. [PMID: 36655285 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is difficult to control by means of foliar insecticides, partly because of the endophytic feeding behavior of its larvae. The biopesticide spinosad is applied as a foliar spray for control of T. absoluta and has systemic properties when applied as a soil drench to the growing medium of tomato plants. The aims of this study were to determine the: (i) instar-dependent tolerance of larvae to spinosad; (ii) efficacy of spinosad drench application for the control of larvae; (iii) residual period of systemic activity of spinosad in leaves and fruit after drenching; and (iv) effect of spinosad drenching on tomato plant growth parameters. RESULTS The estimated LC50 value (Lethal Concentration at which 50% of the larvae died) differed between instars. The LC50 for second-instar larvae (0.41 ppm) to spinosad was significantly lower than that for third- (0.64 ppm) and fourth-instar (0.63 ppm) larvae. The LC80 value (Concentration at which 80% of the larvae died) for fourth-instar larvae (2.48 ppm) was 2.6- and 1.7-fold higher than that for the second- and third-instar larvae, respectively. The spinosad concentration recorded in leaves at 25 days after treatment (DAT; 0.26 μg g-1 ) was significantly lower than that in leaves sampled at 3, 10 and 15 DAT. High larval mortalities were, however, recorded for the duration of the experiment, which lasted 25 days (equivalent to one T. absoluta generation). CONCLUSION Systemic spinosad effectively controlled T. absoluta larvae over a prolonged period. However, drenching this insecticide violates the recommendation of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee to avoid treating consecutive insect generations with the same mode of action and can therefore result in the evolution of insecticide resistance. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynardt Erasmus
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, IPM Program, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Johnnie van den Berg
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, IPM Program, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Hannalene du Plessis
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, IPM Program, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Balanza V, Mendoza JE, Cifuentes D, Bielza P. Selection for resistance to pyrethroids in the predator Orius laevigatus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2539-2546. [PMID: 33481316 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance in the natural enemies of pest species is a very desirable trait. It allows better integration of biological control with the synthetic and natural compounds applied to manage certain pests, especially secondary pest outbreaks. Insecticide resistance in predatory insects has been documented for lady beetles and lacewings, but intriguingly no cases of field-evolved resistance have been noted in any heteropteran predator. In this work, we first explored the variation in susceptibility to pyrethroids in wild and commercial populations of Orius laevigatus (Fieber). Second, we exploited this genetic variation to artificially select a strain of O. laevigatus resistant to pyrethroids. RESULTS We found significant variation [median lethal dose (LC50 ) 1.6-77.0 mg L-1 ] in susceptibility to pyrethroids in wild populations of the heteropteran predator O. laevigatus, with a baseline LC50 value of 14.6 mg L-1 . We successfully selected a strain of O. laevigatus highly resistant to pyrethroids (LC50 = 1059.9 mg L-1 ). In addition, such resistance was expressed in every instar, particularly in the last nymphal stages, increasing the resilience of the whole population present in the crop facing pyrethroid application. CONCLUSION The level of resistance achieved may be sufficient to allow survival of adults and nymphs of O. laevigatus exposed to the maximum field rate of several pyrethroids and natural pyrethrins, widely used to control a number of pests in organic and integrated pest management crops. Therefore, this strain resistant to pyrethrins and pyrethroids would improve the resilience of biocontrol protocols, which is an urgent requirement for wider adoption of biological control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Balanza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - José E Mendoza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Dina Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Pablo Bielza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
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Rolandi C, Roca-Acevedo G, Schilman PE, Germano MD. Aerobic Metabolism Alterations as an Evidence of Underlying Deltamethrin Resistance Mechanisms in Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1988-1991. [PMID: 33184670 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834), the main vector of Chagas disease in Latin America, is regularly controlled by spraying the pyrethroid deltamethrin, to which some populations have developed resistance. The three main mechanisms of resistance are 1) metabolic resistance by overexpression or increased activity of detoxifying enzymes, 2) target site mutations, and 3) cuticle thickening/modification. We use open-flow respirometry to measure real-time H2O loss rate (V˙H2O) and CO2 production rate (V˙CO2), on nymphs from susceptible and resistant populations before and after exposure to the insecticide to understand the underlying mechanisms of resistance in live insects. Lack of differences in V˙H2O between populations suggested that cuticular thickness/composition is not acting as a relevant resistance mechanism. Similarly, there was no difference in resting V˙CO2, suggesting a trade-off between resistance mechanisms and other physiological processes. The increment in V˙CO2 after application of deltamethrin was similar in both populations, which suggested that while enhanced enzymatic detoxification may play a role in resistance expression in this population, the main mechanism involved should be a passive one such as target site mutations. Open-flow respirometry provided useful evidence for evaluating the mechanisms involved in deltamethrin resistance. Using this technique could improve efficiency of scientific research in the area of insecticide resistance management, leading to a faster decision making and hence improved control results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rolandi
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Insectos (DBBE, FCEN, UBA e IBBEA, UBA/CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Roca-Acevedo
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN, UNIDEF/CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo E Schilman
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Insectos (DBBE, FCEN, UBA e IBBEA, UBA/CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica D Germano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB, INTA/CONICET), Campo Forestal General San Martín (INTA- EEA Bariloche). Las Golondrinas, Chubut, Argentina
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Malbert-Colas A, Drozdz T, Massot M, Bagni T, Chertemps T, Maria A, Maïbèche M, Siaussat D. Effects of low concentrations of deltamethrin are dependent on developmental stages and sexes in the pest moth Spodoptera littoralis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41893-41901. [PMID: 32696409 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effects of low concentrations of pesticides, with no or moderate mortality of targeted species, are poorly studied even though these low concentrations are common under natural conditions. Studying their effects is critical because they can induce positive hormetic responses, possibly leading to greater pest multiplication and promoting the evolution of pest resistance. Here, we investigated the responses of the pest moth Spodoptera littoralis to low concentrations of deltamethrin, and tested for variation in effects of the pesticide between developmental stages and sexes. Indeed, we show that a given concentration of deltamethrin has different effects between stages, and even between sexes. Two experimental concentrations led to very high mortality early in S. littoralis development (4th larval instar), but only to low mortality rates in adults. Moreover, our highest experimental concentration had only detrimental effects in adult females, but improved the reproductive success of adult males. Model projections showed that the lethality from treatments at the 4th larval instar was the predominant effect. Because of the high multiplication rate of S. littoralis, it was also found that treatments with very similar effects on larval mortality can lead to either population extinction or rapid pest resurgence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Malbert-Colas
- CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Drozdz
- CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Massot
- CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Bagni
- CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Annick Maria
- CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Martine Maïbèche
- CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - David Siaussat
- CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France.
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7
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Remón C, Fronza G, Maza Y, Sartor P, Weinberg D, Mougabure-Cueto G. Resistance to deltamethrin in Triatoma infestans: microgeographical distribution, validation of a rapid detection bioassay and evaluation of a fumigant canister as control alternative strategy. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:645-653. [PMID: 32349799 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is the main vector of Chagas disease in the Southern Cone of America and resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has been detected in several areas from its geographical distribution. Pyrethroid resistance presents a complex geographical pattern at different spatial scales. However, it is still unknown if the toxicological variability is a common feature within villages of the Gran Chaco were high resistance was descripted. The objectives of this study were to determine: (a) the microgeographical distribution of the deltamethrin-resistance in insects from Pampa Argentina village, (b) the performance of the insecticide impregnated paper bioassay to evaluate deltamethrin-resistance in field collected insects and (c) the lethal activity of the fumigant canister containing DDVP against insects resistant to deltamethrin. High survival of T. infestans exposed to discriminant dose was observed in the samples of all the evaluated dwellings, suggesting that the resistance to deltamethrin is homogeneous at the microgeographical level. Resistance determination by impregnated paper bioassay was similar to traditional topical determination, highlighting the use of this rapid methodology in field large-scale monitoring. The fumigant canister was not effective against resistant insects, remarking the need to develop suitable formulations that ensure minimal toxicological risk and high effectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Remón
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Triatominos (LIT), Centro de Referencia de Vectores (CeReVe), Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social de la Nación, Hospital Colonia-Pabellón Rawson calle s/n, Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Georgina Fronza
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Maza
- Ministerio de Salud del Chaco, Marcelo T de Alvear 145, H3500BLC, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Paula Sartor
- Ministerio de Salud del Chaco, Marcelo T de Alvear 145, H3500BLC, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avenida Libertad, W3400CDH, Corrientes Capital, Argentina
| | | | - Gastón Mougabure-Cueto
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Triatominos (LIT), Centro de Referencia de Vectores (CeReVe), Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social de la Nación, Hospital Colonia-Pabellón Rawson calle s/n, Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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Dadé MM, Daniele MR, Machicote M, Errecalde JO, Rodriguez-Vivas RI. First report of the lethal activity and synergism between deltamethrin, amitraz and piperonyl butoxide against susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant nymphs of Triatoma infestans. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:107986. [PMID: 32882206 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In South America, Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is the main vector of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease. The main strategy for vector control is to spray domestic structures with pyrethroids. Reports of populations of T. infestans with varying degrees of resistance to pyrethroids have made the search for alternative molecules for vector control necessary. In the first stage of this work we investigated the lethal activity of amitraz and deltamethrin against susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant nymphs of Triatoma infestans. Lethal dose at 50% (LD50) of susceptible nymphs were compared with those recorded in pyrethroid-resistant nymphs and the resistance ratio (RR50) was obtained. The RR50 of deltamethrin was approximately 300. In the case of amitraz, we observed similar triatomicidal activity in the two nymph populations (RR50: 0.7). In a second stage of the work, we determined the synergistic effect of amitraz and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on the lethal activity of deltamethrin. The strong synergistic effect of PBO on the lethal activity of deltamethrin in resistant nymphs produced a decrease in RR50 to almost one third of the RR50 reported in absence of the synergist. Amitraz plus PBO lethal activity was similarly increased in pyrethroid susceptible and resistant nymphs. Our data indicate that deltamethrin synergism by amitraz was higher against resistant than to susceptible nymphs (Synergist ratio (SR50) of: 7.2- and 4.1-fold, respectively). In pyrethroid resistant nymphs, the highest level of synergism was obtained combining deltamethrin with amitraz and PBO (SR50: 26.7-fold). These results indicate that this combination could be considered an effective alternative for the control of T. infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Dadé
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio, Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial, Choele Choel, Rio Negro, 8360, Argentina; Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Laboratorio de Artrópodos y Vectores (LabArVec), 60 y 120 S/n, La Plata, 1900, Argentina; Cátedra de Farmacología Especial y Toxicología Especial, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118s/n, CC 296, La Plata, 1900, Argentina.
| | - M R Daniele
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio, Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial, Choele Choel, Rio Negro, 8360, Argentina; Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Laboratorio de Artrópodos y Vectores (LabArVec), 60 y 120 S/n, La Plata, 1900, Argentina; Cátedra de Farmacología Especial y Toxicología Especial, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118s/n, CC 296, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - M Machicote
- Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Laboratorio de Artrópodos y Vectores (LabArVec), 60 y 120 S/n, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - J O Errecalde
- Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Laboratorio de Artrópodos y Vectores (LabArVec), 60 y 120 S/n, La Plata, 1900, Argentina; Cátedra de Farmacología Especial y Toxicología Especial, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118s/n, CC 296, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - R I Rodriguez-Vivas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria and Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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9
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Nattero J, Piccinali RV, Gaspe MS, Gürtler RE. Fluctuating asymmetry and exposure to pyrethroid insecticides in Triatoma infestans populations in northeastern Argentina. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 74:103925. [PMID: 31220610 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a phenotypic marker used as indicator of developmental stress or instability, is sometimes associated with insecticide application and resistance. Here we investigated the occurrence and amount of wing size and wing shape FA in Triatoma infestans females and males collected before and 4 months after a community-wide pyrethroid spraying campaign in a well-defined rural area of Pampa del Indio, Argentina. Moderate levels of pyrethroid resistance were previously confirmed for this area, and postspraying house infestation was mainly attributed to this condition. In the absence of insecticide-based selective pressures over the previous 12 years, we hypothesized that 1- if postspraying triatomines were mostly survivors to insecticide spraying (pyrethroid resistant), they would have higher levels of FA than prespraying triatomines. 2- if postspraying triatomines have a selective advantage, they would have lower FA levels than their prespraying counterparts, whereas if postspraying infestation was positively associated with immigrants not exposed to the insecticide, prespraying and postspraying triatomines would display similar FA levels. For 243 adult T. infestans collected at identified sites before insecticide spraying and 112 collected 4 months postspraying, wing size and wing shape asymmetry was estimated from landmark configurations of left and right sides of each individual. At population level, wing size and shape FA significantly decreased in both females and males after spraying. Males displayed greater wing size and shape FA than females. However, at a single peridomestic site that was persistently infested after spraying, FA declined similarly in females whereas the reverse pattern occurred in males. Our results suggest differential survival of adults with more symmetric wings. This pattern may be related to a selective advantage of survivors to insecticide spraying, which may be mediated or not by their pyrethroid-resistant status or to lower triatomine densities after insecticide spraying and the concomitant increase in feeding success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Nattero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Romina Valeria Piccinali
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Sol Gaspe
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ricardo Esteban Gürtler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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