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Schnadt J, Knudsen J, Johansson N. Present and new frontiers in materials research by ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:413003. [PMID: 32438360 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab9565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this topical review we catagorise all ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy publications that have appeared between the 1970s and the end of 2018 according to their scientific field. We find that catalysis, surface science and materials science are predominant, while, for example, electrocatalysis and thin film growth are emerging. All catalysis publications that we could identify are cited, and selected case stories with increasing complexity in terms of surface structure or chemical reaction are discussed. For thin film growth we discuss recent examples from chemical vapour deposition and atomic layer deposition. Finally, we also discuss current frontiers of ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy research, indicating some directions of future development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schnadt
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Knudsen
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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He B, Zhang Y, Liu X, Chen L. In‐situ Transmission Electron Microscope Techniques for Heterogeneous Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen He
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co.Ltd Beijing 101407 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
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Shimada Y, Yoshida K, Inoue K, Shiraishi T, Kiguchi T, Nagai Y, Konno TJ. Evaluation of spatial and temporal resolution on in situ annealing aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy with proportional-integral-differential controller. Microscopy (Oxf) 2019; 68:271-278. [PMID: 30843044 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The in situ annealing observation in transmission electron microscope (TEM) is one of the effective methods for imaging thermally induced microstructural changes. For applying this dynamical characterization to bulk samples fabricated by ion-milling, electro-polishing or focused ion beam (FIB) mill, it is generally needed to use a heating-pot type system. We here report an initial trial to improve the spatial and temporal resolution during the in-situ annealing observation of bulk samples using a spherical aberration corrected (AC) TEM with a new thermal control unit. The information limit of 1.5 Å and the point resolution of 2.0 Å are achieved under isothermal annealing at 350°C, which is the same resolution at room temperature, and it is affected strongly of sample drift by the temperature variation. The sample is heated at a heating rate of +1.0°C/s, the drift distance observed by a TV readout speed CCD camera is less than 2.0 Å/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shimada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenta Yoshida
- International Research Center for Nuclear Materials Science, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Inoue
- International Research Center for Nuclear Materials Science, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shiraishi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Kiguchi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Nagai
- International Research Center for Nuclear Materials Science, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toyohiko J Konno
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Yamasaki J, Ubata Y, Yasuda H. Empirical determination of transmission attenuation curves in mass–thickness contrast TEM imaging. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 200:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yoshida K, Zhang X, Shimada Y, Nagai Y, Hiroyama T, Tanaka N, Lari L, Ward MR, Boyes ED, Gai PL. Influence of gas environment and heating on atomic structures of platinum nanoparticle catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:175701. [PMID: 30641503 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aafe1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale relaxations of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) for fuel-cell catalysts are evaluated by spherical-aberration corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) under reference high-vacuum and N2 atmospheres, and then under reactive H2, CO and O2 atmospheres, combined with ex situ durability test using an electrochemical half-cell. In high-vacuum, increasing roughness due to continuous relaxation of surface-adsorbed Pt atoms is quantified in real-space. Under H2 and N2 atmospheres at a critical partial pressure of 1 × 10-2 Pa the stability of the surface facets is for the first time found to be improved. The adsorption behaviour of CO molecules is investigated using experimentally measured Pt-Pt bond lengths on the topmost surface layer of Pt NPs. The deactivation of Pt NPs in the anode environment of a proton-exchange-membrane fuel-cell is demonstrated at the atomic-scale in the ETEM, and the transformation of NPs into disordered nanoclusters is systematically quantified using the partial size distribution of Pt atomic clusters under controlled heating experiments at 423, 573 and 723 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yoshida
- International Research Center for Nuclear Materials Science, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki 311-1313, Japan. Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan. Institute Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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Yoshida K, Kon K, Shimizu KI. Atomic-Resolution HAADF-STEM Study of Ag/Al2O3 Catalysts for Borrowing-Hydrogen and Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions of Alcohols. Top Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-016-0695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Transmission electron microscopy of thiol-capped Au clusters on C: Structure and electron irradiation effects. Micron 2015; 70:41-9. [PMID: 25554918 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to study interactions between thiol-capped Au clusters and amorphous C support films. The morphologies of the clusters are found to depend both on their size and on the local structure of the underlying C. When the C is amorphous, larger Au clusters are crystalline, while smaller clusters are typically disordered. When the C is graphitic, the Au particles adopt either elongated shapes that maximize their contact with the edge of the C film or planar arrays when they contain few Au atoms. We demonstrate the influence of electron beam irradiation on the structure, shape and stability of the Au clusters, as well as on the formation of holes bounded by terraces of graphitic lamellae in the underlying C.
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Helveg S, Kisielowski C, Jinschek J, Specht P, Yuan G, Frei H. Observing gas-catalyst dynamics at atomic resolution and single-atom sensitivity. Micron 2015; 68:176-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yoshida K, Bright AN, Ward MR, Lari L, Zhang X, Hiroyama T, Boyes ED, Gai PL. Dynamic wet-ETEM observation of Pt/C electrode catalysts in a moisturized cathode atmosphere. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:425702. [PMID: 25267289 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/42/425702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The gas injection line of the latest spherical aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscope has been modified for achieving real-time/atomic-scale observations in moisturised gas atmospheres for the first time. The newly developed Wet-TEM system is applied to platinum carbon electrode catalysts to investigate the effect of water molecules on the platinum/carbon interface during deactivation processes such as sintering and corrosion. Dynamic in situ movies obtained in dry and 24% moisturised nitrogen environments visualize the rapid rotation, migration and agglomeration of platinum nanoparticles due to the physical adsorption of water and the hydroxylation of the carbon surface. The origin of the long-interconnected aggregation of platinum nanoparticles was discovered to be a major deactivation process in addition to conventional carbon corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yoshida
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan. Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan
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