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Yuan SH, Silverman MJ, Cevasco-Trotter AM, Wang SG. Ten Reasons Why Neurologists Should Refer Patients With Alzheimer Dementia to Music Therapy. Neurol Clin Pract 2024; 14:e200357. [PMID: 39185103 PMCID: PMC11341083 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer dementia (AD) constitutes a major societal problem with devastating neuropsychiatric involvement. Pharmaceutical interventions carry a heightened risk of side effects; thus, nonpharmacological interventions such as music-based interventions (MBIs), including music therapy, are recommended. Recent Findings The 2023 Neurology release of the Music Based Intervention Toolkit for Brain Disorders of Aging showcased music's emerging role as an intervention to manage symptoms of various brain disorders while defining the building blocks of MBIs to guide research in the exploration of music's therapeutic potential. Implications for Practice This study extends beyond the research aspects of the MBI Toolkit to clinical applications by providing neurologists with a summary of MBIs, the MBI Toolkit, how board-certified music therapists (MT-BCs) administered music therapy is a unique MBI, and 10 reasons why they should make referrals to music therapy for their patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna H Yuan
- Department of Neurology (SHY, SGW), University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Veteran's Administration Healthcare System (SHY); College of Liberal Arts (MJS), School of Music, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and College of Arts and Sciences (AMC-T), School of Music, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
| | - Michael J Silverman
- Department of Neurology (SHY, SGW), University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Veteran's Administration Healthcare System (SHY); College of Liberal Arts (MJS), School of Music, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and College of Arts and Sciences (AMC-T), School of Music, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
| | - Andrea M Cevasco-Trotter
- Department of Neurology (SHY, SGW), University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Veteran's Administration Healthcare System (SHY); College of Liberal Arts (MJS), School of Music, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and College of Arts and Sciences (AMC-T), School of Music, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
| | - Sonya G Wang
- Department of Neurology (SHY, SGW), University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Veteran's Administration Healthcare System (SHY); College of Liberal Arts (MJS), School of Music, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and College of Arts and Sciences (AMC-T), School of Music, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
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Ettenberger M, Salgado A, Maya R, Merchán-Restrepo A, Barrera-López P. Efficacy and Impact of a Cleaning and Disinfection Protocol for Musical Instruments Used in Music Therapy Services in ICUs: A Prospective Cohort Study. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2024:S1553-7250(24)00227-7. [PMID: 39277481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care-associated infections (HAIs) can affect patient safety and recovery. Musical instruments used by music therapy services may carry pathogens, particularly in ICUs. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the cleaning and disinfection protocol by the music therapy service of the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. METHODS This prospective cohort study included all ICU music therapy patients from July to August 2023. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence tests and microbiological cultures were taken before and after cleaning the musical instruments for nine patients in the adult and pediatric ICUs. ATPs were taken before starting music therapy, after finishing music therapy, and after cleaning the instruments. Cultures were taken if an ATP test was above the established cutoff of ≤ 200 relative light units (RLUs). If no ATP value was above the cutoff, cultures were taken randomly. RESULTS A total of 63 ATPs and 10 random microbiological cultures were taken. After applying the cleaning and disinfection protocol, all ATP values were ≤ 200 RLUs. Of the 10 microbiological cultures, 1 screened positive for Streptococcus sp., yeast, and Micrococcus. One hundred ICU music therapy patients were followed up, and positive associations with HAIs were found for age (p = 0.01), type of unit (p = 0.001), tracheostomy (p < 0.001), arterial line (p = 0.005), hemodialysis catheter (p = 0.05), bladder catheter (p = 0.02), number of invasive devices (p = 0.02), duration use of invasive devices (p = 0.01), and days of hospitalization (p = 0.01). Number of music therapy sessions/patient was not associated with HAIs (p = 0.86). CONCLUSION The results indicate that the current cleaning and disinfection protocol can be considered safe and effective. To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies investigating biosafety of musical instruments in a hospital-based music therapy service. Patient safety is of the utmost importance in hospital settings, and awareness about proper cleaning of their work tools among music therapists is paramount.
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Korošec K, Osika W, Bojner-Horwitz E. "It is more Important than food sometimes"; Meanings and Functions of Music in the Lives of Autistic Adults Through a hermeneutic-phenomenological Lense. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:366-378. [PMID: 36323990 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Subjective experiences of autistic adults remain under-researched, especially in the field of art. To learn more about their uses and functions of music, we interviewed 13 autistic adults and through a hermeneutic-phenomenological analysis found four overarching themes: Well-being, Identity and self-development, Connectedness, and Negative experiences. Findings show a broad and deep meaning of music in their lives, spanning from seemingly trivial functions such as making chores more enjoyable, to existential questions, such as choosing to stay alive. We discuss the often-overlooked negative effects or experiences of music, noting that positive and negative effects must always be addressed together if we are to use music to lower stress and support well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Korošec
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Norra stationsgatan 69, plan 7, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Music, Pedagogy and Society, Royal College of Music, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Social Sustainability, Institution of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Walter Osika
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Norra stationsgatan 69, plan 7, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Social Sustainability, Institution of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Bojner-Horwitz
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Norra stationsgatan 69, plan 7, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Music, Pedagogy and Society, Royal College of Music, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Social Sustainability, Institution of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Silverman MJ. A Cluster-Randomized Comparison of Music Therapy Interventions as Measured by Craving and Commitment in Adults on a Detoxification Unit. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1847-1854. [PMID: 37702507 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2257304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Music therapy can positively impact craving, treatment readiness, and motivation in adults with substance use disorder (SUD) on a detoxification unit. However, the existing research is primarily comprised of studies with a single pre- or posttest and there is a need for randomized controlled studies that compare within-session changes resultant of various music therapy interventions to determine best practice. Objective: The purpose of this single-session study was to compare within-session changes between group motivational and educational songwriting (MESW) and group recreational music therapy (RMT) on craving and commitment to sobriety in adults with SUD on a detoxification unit. Method: Participants (N = 100) were cluster-randomized to group MESW or group RMT conditions and completed established psychometric instruments measuring craving and commitment to sobriety at pre- and posttest. Results: Within-group changes were significant in all measures, indicating that music therapy was effective within the temporal parameters of a single session. Although between-group differences were not significant, mean within-session improvements in expectancy, compulsivity, emotionality, total craving, and commitment to sobriety were larger in the MESW condition than the RMT condition. Additionally, the MESW group tended to have slightly more favorable posttest scores than the RMT group in all measures. Conclusion: Despite the temporal limitations of single-session therapy common on detoxification units, both MESW and RMT protocols resulted in significant within-session changes in measures of craving and commitment to sobriety. Implications for clinical practice, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided.
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Rodgers-Melnick SN, Rivard RL, Block S, Dusek JA. Clinical Delivery and Effectiveness of Music Therapy in Hematology and Oncology: An EMMPIRE Retrospective Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221142538. [PMID: 36510393 PMCID: PMC9751180 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221142538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Music therapy (MT) has been shown to improve outcomes for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and patients with hematologic and/or oncologic conditions excluding SCD (HemOnc) in prior randomized trials. While few studies have described the clinical delivery (ie, volume, clinical settings, patient characteristics, referrals, and session characteristics) of MT and examined its real-world effectiveness, no studies have compared responses between hematology/oncology populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical delivery and effectiveness of MT at a freestanding academic cancer center and compare the effectiveness of MT on pain, anxiety, and fatigue between adult patients in the HemOnc and SCD groups. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of all MT sessions provided at a freestanding academic cancer center between January 2017 and July 2020. The unadjusted single-session effects of MT on pain, anxiety, and fatigue were assessed among patients reporting symptoms ≥1 out of 10 on a 0 to 10 scale. Adjustments were made for multiple sessions on the same patient using a mixed model to compare pre-session and change scores between the HemOnc and SCD groups. Patients' comments were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Music therapists provided 4002 sessions to 1152 patients including 1012 in the HemOnc group and 140 in the SCD group. In the combined sample, statistically significant reductions in pain (1.48 units), anxiety (2.58 units), and fatigue (0.84 units) were observed, with changes in pain and anxiety exceeding clinically significant thresholds. After adjustment, the SCD group reported significantly greater pre-session pain (7.22 vs 5.81) and anxiety (6.11 vs 5.17) as well as greater anxiety reduction (2.89 vs 2.23) than the HemOnc group. Patients' comments contained themes including enjoyment, gratitude, and improvements in mood, pain, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the delivery and clinical effectiveness of MT for addressing the needs of patients throughout their course of treatment at an academic cancer center and justifies the inclusion of individuals with SCD within integrative oncology services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N. Rodgers-Melnick
- University Hospitals Connor Whole Health, Cleveland, OH, USA,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Samuel N. Rodgers-Melnick, University Hospitals Connor Whole Health, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Rachael L. Rivard
- University Hospitals Connor Whole Health, Cleveland, OH, USA,HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Seneca Block
- University Hospitals Connor Whole Health, Cleveland, OH, USA,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffery A. Dusek
- University Hospitals Connor Whole Health, Cleveland, OH, USA,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ettenberger M, Calderón Cifuentes NP. Intersections of the arts and art therapies in the humanization of care in hospitals: Experiences from the music therapy service of the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1020116. [PMID: 36530717 PMCID: PMC9757166 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanization of care is becoming an increasingly important aspect in providing high-quality health services and the arts are more and more implemented to support and foster humanization and person-centered care efforts. Musical experiences are one of the most frequently encountered art forms in medical settings. Music therapy as a healthcare profession has a decades-long tradition in hospitals, both in inpatient and outpatient areas. However, while studies regarding the effectiveness of music therapy are on the forefront of clinical research, little attention has been paid to the profession's inherent opportunities to assist the hospitals' strategies in terms of humanization of care. Yet, the musical experiences in music therapy are especially versatile in supporting healthcare users from a holistic perspective, contributing to a more compassionate, personalized, and humanized environment. In this article, the basic pillars of humanized and person-centered care will be outlined, followed by examples of seven intersections in which the music therapy service of the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá aligns with its Humanized and Compassionate Care Model. The aim of this article is to stimulate the discussion on music therapy not only as a profession that provides safe and effective treatment, but also as a therapeutic art experience that can add value for hospitals on their path toward a more humanized care culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ettenberger
- Music Therapy Service, University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia,SONO – Centro de Musicoterapia, Bogotá, Colombia,*Correspondence: Mark Ettenberger
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Head J, Gray V, Masud F, Townsend J. Positive Stimulation for Medically Sedated Patients. Chest 2022; 162:367-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Silverman MJ. Songwriting, Professional Studio Recording, and a CD Release Party: Interviews with Two Adults with Mental Health Conditions. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2022.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Silverman MJ. A Cluster-Randomized Trial Comparing Songwriting and Recreational Music Therapy via Craving and Withdrawal in Adults on a Detoxification Unit. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:759-768. [PMID: 35156503 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2034880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craving and withdrawal can contribute to the development and maintenance of substance use disorder (SUD), relapse, and overdose. Although music therapy can positively impact craving and withdrawal in adults with SUD on a detoxification unit, there is a lack of randomized research comparing different music therapy interventions as well as studies measuring within-session changes in these critical constructs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this effectiveness study was to compare motivational-educational songwriting (MESW) and recreational music therapy (RMT) via measures of craving and withdrawal in adults with SUD on a detoxification unit using a two-group pre- and posttest design. METHOD Participants (N = 134) were cluster-randomized to a single group MESW or RMT condition. Established craving and withdrawal psychometric instruments were used as pre- and posttests to determine potential within- and between-group differences. RESULTS There were significant within-group differences in craving subscales of urges and coping as well as withdrawal, all p < .001. Within-group effect sizes ranged from .244 to .456 with favorable changes from pre- to posttest. There was no between-group difference among the MESW and RMT conditions, all p > .05. CONCLUSIONS Although the specific music therapy intervention did not impact craving or withdrawal, a single MESW or RMT session can have an immediate and significant positive impact on craving and withdrawal in adults with SUD on a detoxification unit. As the MESW condition also addressed motivational and educational aspects of recovery, perhaps MESW interventions are ideal in detoxification settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Silverman
- Music Therapy Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Bonakdarpour B, McFadden A, Zlotkowski S, Huang D, Shaker M, Shibata B, Haben W, Brashear C, Sandoval A, Breitenbach C, Rodriguez C, Viamille J, Porter M, Galic K, Schaeve M, Thatcher D, Takarabe C. Neurology Telemusic Program at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Turning Hospital Time Into Aesthetic Time During Crisis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:749782. [PMID: 34966344 PMCID: PMC8710443 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.749782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Strict precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic left patients isolated during already stressful hospital stays. Research indicates that listening to music recruits regions in the brain involved with social interaction and reduces feelings of loneliness. We formed a team of clinicians and clinical musicians to bring music to the bedside, as “psychological first aid.” Our goal was to reduce feelings of anxiety and isolation in patients admitted to the Northwestern Memorial Hospital's neurosciences unit. Participants were offered 30–40-min live music sessions over FaceTime by a violist in consultation with a music therapist and a certified music practitioner. Music used for the interventions was personalized. Participants were evaluated with the Music Assessment Tool where they indicated their musical preferences and music to which they objected. Following the intervention, participants answered a questionnaire assessing how music impacted their emotional state based on a 1–10 Likert scale. Scores were then averaged across all patients and were calculated as percentages. Eighty-seven sessions were completed during a 3-month period. Despite different degrees of disability, most patients engaged aesthetically with the music. The likelihood to recommend (LTR) for the program was 98%; participants tended to highly agree that the intervention improved their emotional state (92%); that it provided a pleasurable experience (92.4%); and that it reduced their stress and anxiety (89.5%). This pilot project showed that the telemusic intervention was feasible for our neurosciences patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results are consistent with previous in-person hospital-based music interventions and highlight the importance of such programs when in-person interventions are not possible. This pilot project serves as a prelude to further investigate mechanisms by which music interventions can support admitted neurology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Bonakdarpour
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alyssa McFadden
- Department of Psychiatry, Riveredge Hospital, Forest Park, IL, United States
| | - Skye Zlotkowski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Daniel Huang
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michelle Shaker
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bailey Shibata
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - William Haben
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charlinda Brashear
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anny Sandoval
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carianne Breitenbach
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Caren Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer Viamille
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark Porter
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kristin Galic
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michelle Schaeve
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel Thatcher
- Department of Recreation Therapy, Jesse Brown Veterans Affair Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Clara Takarabe
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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West R, Furman A, Silverman MJ. Individualized Education Program Team Members' Perceptions of Music Therapy: An Interpretivist Investigation. J Music Ther 2021; 58:437-462. [PMID: 34343319 DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Although music therapists are often members of the Individualized Education Program (IEP) team in educational settings, there is a lack of research exploring IEP members' perceptions of music therapy. The purpose of this interpretivist study was to understand the perceptions IEP team members have of music therapy in educational settings; 8 professionals from a single school district who had experience working with music therapists as part of the IEP team participated in an individual semi-structured interview. We used in-vivo coding, an inductive approach to thematic analysis, and member and peer checking. We identified 3 themes: (1) Music Therapy Is Beneficial and Unique, (2) Communication With the Music Therapist is Essential, and (3) Additional Access, Education, and Advocacy Are Needed. These themes were supported by 8 subthemes. Participants identified the relevance and integral role of music therapy in addition to the unique contributions music therapists had as part of the IEP team. Moreover, participants highlighted the importance of communication, continued education for IEP team members, and the need for additional access to music therapy services. Implications for clinical practice, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Furman
- Minneapolis Public Schools, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Klein CM. Music of Hate, Music for Healing: Paired Stories From the Hate Music Industry and the Profession of Music Therapy. J Music Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Silverman MJ. A randomized study of lyric analysis on recognition, taking steps, and commitment to sobriety in adults on a detoxification unit. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1879292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Reschke-Hernández AE, Belfi AM, Guzmán-Vélez E, Tranel D. Hooked on a Feeling: Influence of Brief Exposure to Familiar Music on Feelings of Emotion in Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1019-1031. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-200889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Research has indicated that individuals with Alzheimer’s-type dementia (AD) can experience prolonged emotions, even when they cannot recall the eliciting event. Less is known about whether music can modify the emotional state of individuals with AD and whether emotions evoked by music linger in the absence of a declarative memory for the eliciting event. Objective: We examined the effects of participant-selected recorded music on self-reported feelings of emotion in individuals with AD, and whether these feelings persisted irrespective of declarative memory for the emotion-inducing stimuli. Methods: Twenty participants with AD and 19 healthy comparisons (HCs) listened to two 4.5-minute blocks of self-selected music that aimed to induce either sadness or happiness. Participants reported their feelings at baseline and three times post-induction and completed recall and recognition tests for the music selections after each induction. Results: Participants with AD had impaired memory for music selections compared to HCs. Both groups reported elevated sadness and negative affect after listening to sad music and increased happiness and positive affect after listening to happy music, relative to baseline. Sad/negative and happy/positive emotions endured up to 20 minutes post-induction. Conclusion: Brief exposure to music can induce strong and lingering emotions in individuals with AD. These findings extend the intriguing phenomenon whereby lasting emotions can be prompted by stimuli that are not remembered declaratively. Our results underscore the utility of familiar music for inducing emotions in individuals with AD and may ultimately inform strategies for using music listening as a therapeutic tool with this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy M. Belfi
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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