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Wang P, Tan Q, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Shi D. Night eating in timing, frequency, and food quality and risks of all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality: findings from national health and nutrition examination survey. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:5. [PMID: 38413565 PMCID: PMC10899630 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of timing, frequency, and food quality of night eating with all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality. METHODS This study included 41,744 participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2002-2018). Night eating information was collected by 24-h dietary recall and the exposures were timing, frequency, and food quality of night eating. Food quality was assessed by latent class analysis. The outcomes were all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality, which were identified by the National Death Index and the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. Adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] with 95% confidence intervals [CI] were computed by Cox regression. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.7 years, 6066 deaths were documented, including 1381 from cancer and 206 from diabetes. Compared with no night eating (eating before 22:00), the later timing of night eating was associated with higher risk of all-cause and diabetes mortality (each P-trend <0.05) rather than cancer mortality, with the highest risk of eating being 00:00-1:00 (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.02-1.88) and being 23:00-00:00 (aHR 2.31, 95% CI 1.21-4.40), respectively. However, the increased risks were not observed for 22:00-23:00. Likewise, one time or over frequency of night eating was associated with higher all-cause and diabetes mortality (each P < 0.05). That risks were further observed in high-dietary-energy-density group of night eating (all-cause mortality: aHR 1.21 [95% CI 1.06-1.38]; diabetes mortality: aHR 1.97 [95% CI 1.13-3.45]), but not in low-dietary-energy-density group. Finally, correlation analysis found positive associations of night eating with glycohemoglobin, fasting glucose, and OGTT. CONCLUSIONS Night eating was associated with increased all-cause, cancer and diabetes mortality; however, reduction of excess mortality risk was observed when eating before 23:00 or low-dietary-energy-density foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qilong Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Nutrition Innovation Platform-Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Rogers EM, Banks NF, Jenkins NDM. The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3667. [PMID: 37269143 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deficiency is a ubiquitous phenomenon among Americans. In fact, in the United States, ∼78% of teens and 35% of adults currently get less sleep than recommended for their age-group, and the quality of sleep appears to be getting worse for many. The consequences of sleep disruption manifest in a myriad of ways, including insulin resistance and disrupted nutrient metabolism, dysregulation of hunger and satiety, and potentially increased body weight and adiposity. Consequently, inadequate sleep is related to an increased risk of various cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Exercise has the potential to be an effective therapeutic to counteract the deleterious effects of sleep disruption listed above, whereas chronic psychosocial stress may causally promote sleep disruption and cardiometabolic risk. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current evidence on the consequences of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality on substrate metabolism, circulating appetite hormones, hunger and satiety, and weight gain. Secondly, we provide a brief overview of chronic psychosocial stress and its impact on sleep and metabolic health. Finally, we summarise the current evidence regarding the ability of exercise to counteract the adverse metabolic health effects of sleep disruption. Throughout the review, we highlight areas where additional interrogation and future exploration are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Rogers
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nile F Banks
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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3
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Mortaş H, Ayhan B, Navruz Varlı S, Köse S, Ağagündüz D, Bilici S. Rise and shine for eating right: the link between healthy nutrition and chronotype among young adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1285015. [PMID: 37899840 PMCID: PMC10600494 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1285015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Many studies have examined the relationship between chronotype and general health. Because healthy eating is the basis of health aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between healthy nutrition attitudes and chronotype in young adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,400 young adults (936 females and 464 males). Chronotype was assessed by the Turkish version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) was applied by face-to-face interview. Furthermore, 24-h dietary recall was collected. The scores of nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated. The anthropometric measurements including body weight and height were taken. Results The chronotype distribution of participants according to the MEQ score and MAR score were not significantly different between females and males (p > 0.05). The percentage of participants with high healthy eating attitude was lowest in the evening chronotype and highest in the morning chronotype (49.7, 37.7 and 25.4% in morning-, intermediate-, evening-types, respectively; p = 0.000 for all groups according to the reciprocal comparisons). There was a positive correlation of the MEQ scores with the scores of ASHN (r = 0.282, p < 0.01). ASHN score was shown to be a predictor for MEQ score (β = 0.280, p = 0.000). Moreover, the score of "poor eating habits" was shown to be highest in the evening chronotype and lowest in the morning chronotype (14.9 ± 3.0 and 13.1 ± 3.0, respectively; p < 0.01). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that individuals with the evening chronotype are more deficient in terms of healthy nutrition attitudes. Further studies with larger populations will potentially guide the development of health promotion strategies to prevent and treat chronic diseases based on an individual's chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Mortaş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Büşra Ayhan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Semra Navruz Varlı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Köse
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
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4
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Godos J, Castellano S, Ferri R, Caraci F, Lanza G, Scazzina F, Alanazi AM, Marx W, Galvano F, Grosso G. Mediterranean diet and chronotype: Data from Italian adults and systematic review of observational studies. Exp Gerontol 2023; 181:112284. [PMID: 37673382 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Scientific evidence suggests a relation between dietary factors and sleep. Several studies show that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with better sleep quality, but the relation with chronotype has been only recently explored. The aim of this study was to better understand the relation between chronotype and Mediterranean diet adherence. For this purpose, an analysis of 1936 adults (age 18-90 y) living in Italy was performed to investigate the association between chronotype (assessed with a short form of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (assessed through a 110-item food frequency questionnaire and the Medi-Lite literature-based Mediterranean adherence score). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) describing the association between chronotypes and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (>14 points). Moreover, a systematic review of other observational studies published so far was performed. Individuals reporting having intermediate (n = 614) and evening (n = 173) chronotypes were less likely to have high adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared to morning chronotype (OR = 0.28, 95 % CI: 0.18, 0.42 and OR = 0.08, 95 % CI: 0.03, 0.27, respectively). When the analysis was conducted in subgroups of age, the results were similar in mid-age (>50 y) participants (for intermediate and evening chronotypes, OR = 0.21, 95 % CI: 0.10, 0.43 and OR = 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.01, 0.69, respectively) while the association with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet of evening compared to morning chronotype lost significance in older (>60 y) participants (for intermediate and evening chronotypes, OR = 0.27, 95 % CI: 0.09, 0.82 and OR = 0.22, 95 % CI: 0.02, 1.92, respectively). Out of 10 studies (date range of publication 2020-2022) included in the systematic review, there was a general consistence of findings showing higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet among morning chronotypes, although few studies reported null results. In conclusion, current evidence suggests that an intermediate and evening chronotype could be associated with lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet, but the association could be modified by other factors when considering older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Sleep Research Centre, Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Amer M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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St-Onge MP, Aggarwal B, Jelic S. Lifestyle behaviors: Timing may be as relevant as quantity. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 71:101837. [PMID: 37625309 PMCID: PMC11166262 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Brooke Aggarwal
- Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sanja Jelic
- Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Liebig L, Bergmann A, Voigt K, Balogh E, Birkas B, Faubl N, Kraft T, Schöniger K, Riemenschneider H. Screen time and sleep among medical students in Germany. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15462. [PMID: 37726327 PMCID: PMC10509232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical students are a vulnerable group for harmful health behaviours due to academic stress. Increased screen time is associated with adverse health behaviour, particularly delayed bedtime, shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality. This possible relationship has not yet been examined among medical students in Europe. Medical students at the Technical University of Dresden were invited to participate in an online questionnaire based cross-sectional study. To analyse correlations between screen time and sleep parameters, correlation coefficients, linear regression and mixed-model analysis were calculated. 415 students (average age 24 years, 70% female) were included in the analysis. The students reported an average of 7 h screen time per day and 7.25 h sleep duration per night. Approximately 23% (n = 97) reported sleeping less than 7 h per night and 25% (n = 105) reported fairly to very poor sleep quality. Students who reported more screen time for leisure went to bed significantly later (r = 0.213, p < 0.001). Students who spent more screen time for study/work tended to sleep shorter (r = - 0.108, p < 0.015). There was no significant association between screen time and sleep quality (p = 0.103). The results show a need for educational interventions to promote healthy sleep behaviour and to limit screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Liebig
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Antje Bergmann
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karen Voigt
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erika Balogh
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Béla Birkas
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nora Faubl
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Theresa Kraft
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konrad Schöniger
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Henna Riemenschneider
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Zuraikat FM, Jelic S, St-Onge MP. Wake up! It's time to recognize the importance of sleep in metabolic health. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1188-1191. [PMID: 37140407 PMCID: PMC10322183 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faris M Zuraikat
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sanja Jelic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Ansu Baidoo V, Knutson KL. Associations between circadian disruption and cardiometabolic disease risk: A review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:615-624. [PMID: 36750239 PMCID: PMC9974590 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The human circadian system plays a vital role in many physiological processes, and circadian rhythms are found in virtually all tissues and organs. The disruption of circadian rhythms may lead to adverse health outcomes. Evidence from recent population-based studies was reviewed because they represent real-world behavior and can be useful in developing future studies to reduce the risk of adverse health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, which may occur because of circadian disruption. An electronic search in PubMed and Web of Science (2012-2022) was performed. Selected articles were based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five factors that may disrupt circadian rhythm alignment are discussed: shift work, late chronotype, late sleep timing, sleep irregularity, and late meal timing. Evidence from observational studies of these circadian disruptors suggests potential detrimental effects on cardiometabolic health, including higher BMI/obesity, higher blood pressure, greater dyslipidemia, greater inflammation, and diabetes. Future research should identify the specific underlying pathways in order to mitigate the health consequences of shift work. Furthermore, optimal sleep and mealtimes for metabolic health can be explored in intervention studies. Lastly, it is important that the timing of external environmental cues (such as light) and behaviors that influence circadian rhythms are managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velarie Ansu Baidoo
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen L Knutson
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Dashti HS, Alimenti K, Levy DE, Hivert MF, McCurley JL, Saxena R, Thorndike AN. Chronotype Polygenic Score and the Timing and Quality of Workplace Cafeteria Purchases: Secondary Analysis of the ChooseWell 365 Randomized Controlled Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100048. [PMID: 37181927 PMCID: PMC10111586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on the link between chronotype (i.e., propensity for morning or evening preference) and dietary intake have relied on self-reported data, estimating consumption, and chronotype from questionnaires. Objectives This study examined the associations between genetically proxied evening chronotype, objectively estimated workplace dietary choices, and the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention in hospital employees enrolled in the ChooseWell 365 study. Methods ChooseWell 365 was a randomized trial of a 12-mo automated, personalized intervention to prevent weight gain and improve diet. Cafeteria sales data were used to measure the timing and healthfulness of workplace food purchases of employees during the 12-mo-long baseline, intervention, and postintervention follow-up periods. A genome-wide polygenic score for evening chronotype was calculated for all participants and the population was divided into quartiles; the highest quartile indicated the most evening chronotype. Associations between polygenic score quartiles and workplace purchases at baseline, 12 mo, and 24 mo and changes from baseline at 12 and 24 mo were tested using adjusted multivariable linear regression models. Results At baseline, the highest chronotype quartile was associated with self-reported breakfast skipping. Over the 24-mo study, the highest quartile was associated with later timing of the first workplace purchase, but not with the healthfulness of purchases. There were no differences by the chronotype quartile in the effectiveness of the ChooseWell 365 intervention in improving employees' healthy food choices at work. Conclusions A chronotype polygenic score was associated with breakfast skipping and later workplace mealtimes of hospital employees, but not with the nutritional quality of objectively measured workplace food purchases. In addition, employees across the chronotype spectrum benefited from the workplace healthy eating intervention.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02660086 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02660086?cond=NCT02660086&draw=2&rank=1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S. Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Alimenti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas E. Levy
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jessica L. McCurley
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anne N. Thorndike
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Tian Y, Yu Q, Qin L, Xu K, Sun B, Benedict C, Chen B, Wei L, Tan X. Objective sleep characteristics and continuous glucose monitoring profiles of type 2 diabetes patients in real-life settings. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:823-831. [PMID: 36478087 PMCID: PMC10108271 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between objective sleep parameters and glycaemic variability determined by continous glucose monitoring (CGM) among patients with type 2 diabetes, given the significant role of sleep in glycaemic control. METHODS In this study, CGM was carried out in 28 patients with T2D (aged 62.3 ± 4.8 years, 57% women). Sleep characteristics were assessed by actigraphy within the CGM period. CGM-derived outcomes included glucose level, and percentages of time in range (TIR) and time above range (TAR) during the monitoring period. Associations between intraindividual night-to-night variations in sleep characteristics and overall CGM outcomes were analysed using linear regression. Associations between sleep characteristics during each night and time-matched CGM outcomes were analysed using linear mixed models. RESULTS A total of 249 person-days of CGM, coupled with 221 nights of sleep characteristics, were documented. Greater standard deviation (SD) of objective sleep duration (minutes) between measurement nights was associated with higher glucose level (coefficient 0.018 mmol/L [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.004, 0.033], P = 0.017), smaller proportion of TIR (% in observation period; coefficient -0.20% [95% CI -0.36, -0.03], P = 0.023), and greater proportion of TAR (coefficient 0.22% [95% CI 0.06, 0.39], P = 0.011). Later sleep midpoint (minutes from midnight) was associated with greater SD of glucose during the same sleep period (coefficient 0.002 minutes [95% CI 0.0001, 0.003], P = 0.037), longer nocturnal sleep duration was associated with smaller coefficient of variation of glucose level in the upcoming day (-0.015% [95% CI -0.03, -0.001], P = 0.041). CONCLUSION Objectively determined sleep duration and sleep midpoint, as well as their daily variability, are associated with CGM-derived glucose profiles in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchan Zheng
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Tian
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Qin
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Sun
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology (Sleep Science Laboratory), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Baoyi Chen
- Maigaoqiao Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Wei
- Maigaoqiao Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, Zhejiang University School of Public Health and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Kim J, Song Y. Early Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight and Improves Glycemic Response in Young Adults: A Pre-Post Single-Arm Intervention Study. Obes Facts 2023; 16:69-81. [PMID: 36318892 PMCID: PMC9889728 DOI: 10.1159/000527838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Time-restricted eating (TRE) has cardiometabolic health benefits by optimizing circadian rhythms. However, limited data are available on the effect of early TRE in young adults. The objective of this pre-post single-arm trial was to test the effect of TRE on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors and to evaluate changes in meal and sleep timing by TRE among young adults with typically late bedtime. METHODS This 4-week intervention was conducted in healthy young adults aged 18-39 years. Dietary records with time logs were collected before and during the intervention, and nutrient intake and meal timing were evaluated. Snack packages containing 20 g of protein per day were provided weekly. Body composition was measured weekly using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention, and cardiometabolic parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 36 screened participants, 34 completed the study (completion rate 94.4%). The average age was 23.4 ± 2.9 years with 64.7% female. The mean wake-up time and bedtime were 09:16 ± 01:26 and 01:51 ± 01:39 with average sleep duration of 7.4 ± 1.4 h. Body weight and fat mass, excluding muscle mass, were significantly reduced over 4 weeks compared to baseline only in the early TRE group starting before noon. The early TRE group also showed significantly reduced fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and serum triglyceride (TG) levels after 4 weeks. However, the late TRE group starting after noon showed no significant changes except a reduced TG level. The meal timing was changed by TRE, where the first meal was delayed and the last meal was shifted. Neither sleep duration nor timing was significantly changed by TRE. Energy intakes were not different, but protein intake increased from 19.2% to 22.6% due to snack packages during intervention. However, no significant correlation between nutrient intakes and body composition changes was found. There were no adverse events related to study participation. CONCLUSIONS An early TRE regimen may be a feasible and effective strategy to manage body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults without altering the sleep-wake cycle.
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Al-Hazmi MH, Noorwali EA. Morning individuals in Saudi Arabia have higher self-regulation of eating behavior compared to evening types. Chronobiol Int 2022; 40:223-233. [PMID: 36545690 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2158846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronotype is a manifestation of an individual's circadian system, which can be presented as a preference for morningness or eveningness. Evening chronotype has been linked to unhealthy dietary habits. These habits are partially from poor self-regulation of eating behavior (SREB). SREB is a goal-directed process that helps resist food temptation and achieve desired dietary outcomes. It is unclear whether chronotype is associated with SREB. This study aims to investigate the association between chronotypes and SREB. A total of 599 adults (18-50 years) enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants received an online questionnaire that collected sociodemographic, anthropometrics, chronotype through the validated reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and SREB using the SREB Questionnaire. ANOVA, Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used. In adjusted models, morning types had 85% higher SREB compared to evening types (p = 0.003, OR = 1.85). Evening types found fried foods (p = 0.003), chips (p = 0.005) and French fries (p = 0.018) more tempting than morning types. These findings show a link between chronotype and SREB. Strategies focusing on SREB may help evening types improve dietary habits. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these associations. This may have important implications for lifestyle and behavioral change policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hamed Al-Hazmi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essra Abdulsalam Noorwali
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We discuss the relationship between sleep and circadian factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, including physiologic, behavioral, and psychological mechanisms along this pathway. RECENT FINDINGS The relationship between short and long sleep duration, as well as insomnia, with CVD risk is well-established. Recent work has highlighted how other sleep factors, such as sleep regularity (i.e., consistency of sleep timing), multidimensional sleep health, and circadian factors like chronotype and social jetlag, relate to CVD risk. Sleep-focused interventions (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and sleep extension) may be effective to reduce CVD risk and disease burden. Sleep is increasingly recognized as an integral component of cardiovascular health. This was underscored by the recent inclusion of sleep duration as a health behavior in the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 for defining optimal cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Belloir
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari Shechter
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Zou H, Zhou H, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Chronotype, circadian rhythm, and psychiatric disorders: Recent evidence and potential mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:811771. [PMID: 36033630 PMCID: PMC9399511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is crucial for physiological and behavioral functions. Chronotype, which represents individual preferences for activity and performance, is associated with human health issues, particularly psychiatric disorders. This narrative review, which focuses on the relationship between chronotype and mental disorders, provides an insight into the potential mechanism. Recent evidence indicates that (1) the evening chronotype is a risk factor for depressive disorders and substance use disorders, whereas the morning chronotype is a protective factor. (2) Evening chronotype individuals with bipolar disorder tend to have more severe symptoms and comorbidities. (3) The evening chronotype is only related to anxiety symptoms. (4) The relationship between chronotype and schizophrenia remains unclear, despite increasing evidence on their link. (5) The evening chronotype is significantly associated with eating disorders, with the majority of studies have focused on binge eating disorders. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms or influence factors are described in detail, including clock genes, brain characteristics, neuroendocrinology, the light/dark cycle, social factors, psychological factors, and sleep disorders. These findings provide the latest evidence on chronotypes and psychiatric disorders and serve as a valuable reference for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijian Yao,
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Qing Lu,
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Sleep and cardiovascular health needs further research in the general population. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-021-00327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Romero Cabrera JL, Sotos-Prieto M, García Ríos A, Moffatt S, Christophi CA, Pérez-Martínez P, Kales SN. Sleep and Association With Cardiovascular Risk Among Midwestern US Firefighters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:772848. [PMID: 34858343 PMCID: PMC8632221 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.772848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of on-duty fatalities among U.S. firefighters. Research has demonstrated that many modifiable risk factors are contributors to the high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. The current study aimed to assess whether sleep is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among Indianapolis firefighters. The findings could support improving sleep hygiene in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from the baseline data of eligible firefighters enrolled in "Feeding America's Bravest", a Mediterranean diet lifestyle intervention within the Indiana Fire Departments. Participants' sleep quality was categorized as "good" (≤ 8 points) or "bad" (>8 points) by a sleep quality questionnaire based on some questions from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In addition, firefighters' sleep duration was stratified based on the number of hours slept per night (≤6 as "short sleep" or >6 hours as normal). Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of sleep with cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS A total of 258 firefighters were included. Bad sleepers had higher weight, greater waist circumference, higher body mass index (BMI), and increased body fat (all p<0.01) compared to good sleepers. Similarly, participants with short sleep duration were heavier (p<0.02), had greater BMI (p<0.02) and increased body fat (p<0.04) compared with participants with normal sleep duration. Both bad and short sleepers had a higher prevalence of hypertension and obesity (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study supports that both sleep quality and quantity are associated with cardiometabolic risk among firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Romero Cabrera
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan Luis Romero Cabrera,
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz); and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García Ríos
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Steven Moffatt
- National Institute for Public Safety Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Costas A. Christophi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanos N. Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
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