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Galliano I, Montanari P, Monti G, Dini M, Calvi C, Clemente A, Pau A, Gambarino S, Bergallo M. IL10 and CXCL10 mRNA expression in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Cytokine 2024; 182:156720. [PMID: 39133968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a rare non-IgE-mediated food allergy that mainly impacts babies and 7toddlers. The exact mechanism of FPIES is not completely understood. By studying the expression of IL-10 and CXCL10 in pediatric FPIES patients, researchers can gain insights into the immune mechanisms underlying this disorder. METHODS Peripheral venous blood was collected and subsequently stabilized with RNA pro. Total RNA was extracted and mRNA levels of CXCL10 and IL-10 was determined with real time PCR. RESULTS Children with FPIES had significantly higher values than the healthy control group (HC) for CXCL10 while FPIES had a significant lower values than the control group for IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Our results show a high production of CXCL10 and a concomitant reduced production of IL-10 in FPIES subjects who have not yet reached tolerance. These data may represent a molecular diagnostic marker for FPIES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Montanari
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Monti
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Dini
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristina Calvi
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin, Italy.
| | - Anna Clemente
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin, Italy.
| | - Anna Pau
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gambarino
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin, Italy.
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2
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Wang Z, Wu Q, Guan M, Li Z, Pan W, Tang W. Investigation of gut microbiota changes and allergic inflammation of mice with milk protein-induced allergic enteritis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnad127. [PMID: 38066685 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes of gut microbiota and allergic inflammation in mice with allergic enteritis caused by milk protein. In this study, female BALB\C mice in the whey protein (WP-sensitized) group were gavaged with WP and normal saline, the sham-sensitized group was given normal saline once a week for 5 weeks. One week later, the WP-sensitized mice were administered 60 mg β-lactoglobulin (BLG). The results showed that mice's body weight decreased, feces with loose and bloody, and systemic allergic reactions and ear swelling increased in the WP-sensitized group. The levels of WP-specific Ig, mMCP-1, calprotectin of feces, and inflammation-related factors in the WP-sensitized group were increased. WP-sensitized group intestine tissues were damaged severely and the expressions of ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin reduced. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that there were differences in operational taxonomic units (OUT) levels of gut microbes between the two groups, o_Clostridiales, c_Clostridia, and f_Lachnospiraceae were more abundant in the WP-sensitized group. In conclusion, the WP sensitization can induce the allergic inflammation, intestinal injury and intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice, and the gut microbes were also changed, which provided a reference for the treatment of WP-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Minchang Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Weihong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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3
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Valente AH, Jensen KMR, Myhill LJ, Zhu L, Mentzel CMJ, Krych L, Simonsen HT, Castro-Mejía JL, Gobbi A, Bach Knudsen KE, Nielsen DS, Thamsborg SM, Williams AR. Dietary non-starch polysaccharides impair immunity to enteric nematode infection. BMC Biol 2023; 21:138. [PMID: 37316905 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of diet on immune function and resistance to enteric infection and disease is becoming ever more established. Highly processed, refined diets can lead to inflammation and gut microbiome dysbiosis, whilst health-promoting dietary components such as phytonutrients and fermentable fibres are thought to promote a healthy microbiome and balanced mucosal immunity. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a leafy green vegetable rich in fibres and bioactive compounds that may promote gut health. RESULTS Unexpectedly, we here show that incorporation of chicory into semisynthetic AIN93G diets renders mice susceptible to infection with enteric helminths. Mice fed a high level of chicory leaves (10% dry matter) had a more diverse gut microbiota, but a diminished type-2 immune response to infection with the intestinal roundworm Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Furthermore, the chicory-supplemented diet significantly increased burdens of the caecum-dwelling whipworm Trichuris muris, concomitant with a highly skewed type-1 immune environment in caecal tissue. The chicory-supplemented diet was rich in non-starch polysaccharides, particularly uronic acids (the monomeric constituents of pectin). In accordance, mice fed pectin-supplemented AIN93G diets had higher T. muris burdens and reduced IgE production and expression of genes involved in type-2 immunity. Importantly, treatment of pectin-fed mice with exogenous IL-25 restored type-2 responses and was sufficient to allow T. muris expulsion. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that increasing levels of fermentable, non-starch polysaccharides in refined diets compromises immunity to helminth infection in mice. This diet-infection interaction may inform new strategies for manipulating the gut environment to promote resistance to enteric parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela H Valente
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Karen M R Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Laura J Myhill
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Caroline M J Mentzel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Departmet of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik T Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Alex Gobbi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Departmet of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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4
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Keulers L, Dehghani A, Knippels L, Garssen J, Papadopoulos N, Folkerts G, Braber S, van Bergenhenegouwen J. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to prevent or combat air pollution consequences: The gut-lung axis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119066. [PMID: 35240267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure is a public health emergency, which attributes globally to an estimated seven million deaths on a yearly basis We are all exposed to air pollutants, varying from ambient air pollution hanging over cities to dust inside the home. It is a mixture of airborne particulate matter and gases that can be subdivided into three categories based on particle diameter. The smallest category called PM0.1 is the most abundant. A fraction of the particles included in this category might enter the blood stream spreading to other parts of the body. As air pollutants can enter the body via the lungs and gut, growing evidence links its exposure to gastrointestinal and respiratory impairments and diseases, like asthma, rhinitis, respiratory tract infections, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and abdominal pain. It has become evident that there exists a crosstalk between the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, commonly referred to as the gut-lung axis. Via microbial secretions, metabolites, immune mediators and lipid profiles, these two separate organ systems can influence each other. Well-known immunomodulators and gut health stimulators are probiotics, prebiotics, together called synbiotics. They might combat air pollution-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress by optimizing the microbiota composition and microbial metabolites, thereby stimulating anti-inflammatory pathways and strengthening mucosal and epithelial barriers. Although clinical studies investigating the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in an air pollution setting are lacking, these interventions show promising health promoting effects by affecting the gastrointestinal- and respiratory tract. This review summarizes the current data on how air pollution can affect the gut-lung axis and might impact gut and lung health. It will further elaborate on the potential role of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on the gut-lung axis, and gut and lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loret Keulers
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ali Dehghani
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leon Knippels
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Wojnicka J, Korona-Głowniak I, Grywalska E, Błażewicz A, Załuska W. A Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Gut Microbiota in Immunological and Nutritional Aspects. Nutrients 2021; 13:3637. [PMID: 34684638 PMCID: PMC8540836 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is generally progressive and irreversible, structural or functional renal impairment for 3 or more months affecting multiple metabolic pathways. Recently, the composition, dynamics, and stability of a patient's microbiota has been noted to play a significant role during disease onset or progression. Increasing urea concentration during CKD can lead to an acceleration of the process of kidney injury leading to alterations in the intestinal microbiota that can increase the production of gut-derived toxins and alter the intestinal epithelial barrier. A detailed analysis of the relationship between the role of intestinal microbiota and the development of inflammation within the symbiotic and dysbiotic intestinal microbiota showed significant changes in kidney dysfunction. Several recent studies have determined that dietary factors can significantly influence the activation of immune cells and their mediators. Moreover, dietary changes can profoundly affect the balance of gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to present the importance and factors influencing the differentiation of the human microbiota in the progression of kidney diseases, such as CKD, IgA nephropathy, idiopatic nephropathy, and diabetic kidney disease, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system. Moreover, the effects of nutrients, bioactive compounds on the immune system in development of chronic kidney disease were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (S.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (S.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Julia Wojnicka
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (S.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Wojciech Załuska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
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Li CY, Qin Z, Mei SH, Hu Y, Wu C. A2 adenosine receptor contributes to the development of cow's milk protein allergy via regulating regulatory T cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1380-1387. [PMID: 35096296 PMCID: PMC8769521 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.57614.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): A2 adenosine receptor (A2AR) is a novel promising target for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, its role in the development of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) has not been elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the function of A2AR in CMPA development. Materials and Methods: BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce allergic responses. The model was assessed by detecting allergic responses and plasma-specific IgE levels. The levels of A2AR were measured by PCR and flow cytometry. The subpopulation of Treg cells was analysed. Results: The mice sensitized and challenged with OVA showed classic allergic symptoms, such as acute allergic skin responses, increased anaphylactic shock symptom scores, and higher levels of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a. OVA-sensitized mice and CMPA patients showed decreased levels of A2AR and Treg cells. Interestingly, we observed a positive correlation between A2AR expression and Treg levels in CMPA patients. Further study showed that the A2AR agonist CGS21680 blocked OVA-induced allergic reactions, and the A2AR antagonist KW-6002 amplified allergic responses. Interestingly, CGS21680 not only activated the A2AR-mediated signalling pathway but also caused an increase in the population of Treg cells. In contrast, KW-6002 therapy decreased the levels of Tregs in allergic mice. Conclusion: A2AR expression is downregulated in CMPA. The A2AR-mediated pathway negatively regulates the development of CMPA, at least in part, by amplifying the differentiation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Wangjiang East Road No.39, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Wangjiang East Road No.39, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Shao-Hua Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Wangjiang East Road No.39, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Wangjiang East Road No.39, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Wangjiang East Road No.39, Hefei, 230051, China
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7
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Blanco-Pérez F, Steigerwald H, Schülke S, Vieths S, Toda M, Scheurer S. The Dietary Fiber Pectin: Health Benefits and Potential for the Treatment of Allergies by Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:43. [PMID: 34505973 PMCID: PMC8433104 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-021-01020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The incidence of allergies is increasing and has been associated with several environmental factors including westernized diets. Changes in environment and nutrition can result in dysbiosis of the skin, gut, and lung microbiota altering the production of microbial metabolites, which may in turn generate epigenetic modifications. The present review addresses studies on pectin-mediated effects on allergies, including the immune modulating mechanisms by bacterial metabolites. Recent Findings Recently, microbiota have gained attention as target for allergy intervention, especially with prebiotics, that are able to stimulate the growth and activity of certain microorganisms. Dietary fibers, which cannot be digested in the gastrointestinal tract, can alter the gut microbiota and lead to increased local and systemic concentrations of gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These can promote the generation of peripheral regulatory T cells (Treg) by epigenetic modulation and suppress the inflammatory function of dendritic cells (DCs) by transcriptional modulation. The dietary fiber pectin (a plant-derived polysaccharide commonly used as gelling agent and dietary supplement) can alter the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in gut and lung microbiota, increasing the concentrations of SCFAs in feces and sera, and reducing the development of airway inflammation by suppressing DC function. Summary Pectin has shown immunomodulatory effects on allergies, although the underlying mechanisms still need to be elucidated. It has been suggested that the different types of pectin may exert direct and/or indirect immunomodulatory effects through different mechanisms. However, little is known about the relation of certain pectin structures to allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Blanco-Pérez
- Molecular Allergology, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
| | - Hanna Steigerwald
- Molecular Allergology, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schülke
- Molecular Allergology, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Molecular Allergology, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Masako Toda
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Stephan Scheurer
- Molecular Allergology, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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Szklany K, Kraneveld AD, Tiemessen MM, Garssen J, Knippels LMJ. Nutritional Interventions to Prevent the Development of Atopic Diseases: A Focus on Cow's Milk Allergy. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 268:471-486. [PMID: 34085122 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the western world the prevalence of atopic diseases such as food allergies is increasing highly significantly. One of the earliest and most prevalent food allergies occurring in the first year of life is cow's milk allergy. No treatment is available and only avoidance of the cow's milk allergens prevents the occurrence of an allergic reaction. Since cow's milk allergic children have an increased risk of developing other allergies later in life, investigating nutritional strategies to prevent the development of cow's milk allergy by developing oral tolerance is of high interest. Nutritional components such as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids possess potential to support the maturation of the immune system early in life that might prevent the development of cow's milk allergy. The available research, so far, shows promising results particularly on the development of eczema. However, the preventive effects of the nutritional interventions on the development of food allergy are inconclusive. Future research may benefit from the combination of various dietary components. To clarify the preventive effects of the nutritional components in food allergy more randomized clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Szklany
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld M Tiemessen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon M J Knippels
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Nedelkopoulou N, Dhawan A, Xinias I, Gidaris D, Farmaki E. Interleukin 10: the critical role of a pleiotropic cytokine in food allergy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:401-408. [PMID: 32046867 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in research, the pathophysiology of food allergy has not yet been fully elucidated. IL-10 has both a pro- and anti-inflammatory effect on the development of food allergy and in order to understand its different immune-modulatory effects the factors that influence the inflammatory microenvironment need to be taken into account. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL-10 gene seem to confer an increased risk of developing food allergy, but to date there is a substantial lack of genome- wide association studies regarding the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of the disease. Special interest has been drawn to the development of allergen-specific regulatory CD4+CD25+ T-cells secreting IL-10 in the immunotherapy of allergic diseases. In addition, a distinct population of human tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC), DC-10 seems to hold great potential and could potentially serve as a therapeutic tool to improve the management of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nedelkopoulou
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Referral Center, 1(st)Department of Paediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece; Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Anil Dhawan
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and MowatLabs, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Xinias
- 3(rd) Department of Paediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Farmaki
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Referral Center, 1(st)Department of Paediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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10
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Panahipour L, Tabatabaei AA, Gruber R. Hypoallergenic infant formula lacks transforming growth factor beta activity and has a lower anti-inflammatory activity than regular infant formula. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6771-6781. [PMID: 32505409 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoallergenic formulas are recommended for infants who are not breastfed and cannot tolerate cow milk formulas due to allergy. These formulas are hydrolyzed to break down larger protein chains into shorter, easy-to-digest, and potentially less allergenic proteins. Hydrolysis, however, possibly occurs at the expense of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and anti-inflammatory activity that is inherent in regular formula. Our objective was to determine the TGF-β and the anti-inflammatory activity of commercially available hypoallergenic and regular formulas. Human gingival fibroblasts were incubated with reconstituted formulas followed by detection of TGF-β target genes and activation of Smad2/3 signaling. Gingival fibroblasts and the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line HSC-2 were also exposed to formulas before adding interleukin (IL)1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α to provoke expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. For murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was stimulated with saliva. Changes in p65 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of smad3 and p38 were analyzed by immunostaining. Our study demonstrated that regular formula, but not hypoallergenic formula, enhanced the expression of TGF-β target genes IL11, PRG4, and NOX4 in gingival fibroblasts. Hypoallergenic formulas also failed to initiate nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 and phosphorylation of Smad3. Moreover, regular formulas were more potent than hypoallergenic formulas in reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in gingival fibroblasts, HSC-2 epithelial cells, and murine bone marrow macrophages. Hypoallergenic and regular formulas had a similar capacity to reduce p65 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of p38 in fibroblasts. These findings suggest that hypoallergenic formulas lack in vitro TGF-β activity and have a lower anti-inflammatory activity compared with regular formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
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Nyambuya TM, Dludla PV, Mxinwa V, Mokgalaboni K, Ngcobo SR, Tiano L, Nkambule BB. The impact of metformin and aspirin on T-cell mediated inflammation: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo findings. Life Sci 2020; 255:117854. [PMID: 32470453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and hyperglycaemia are well-established aspects in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), including the progression of its associated complications such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In fact, emerging evidence shows that dysfunctional immune responses due to dysregulated T-cell function aggravates CVD-related complications in T2D. However, there is a lack of specific therapeutic interventions that protect patients with diabetes who are at risk of heart failure. Metformin and aspirin are among the leading therapies being used to protect or at the very least slow the progression of CVD-related complications. The current review made use of major electronic databases to identify and systematically synthesise emerging experimental data on the impact of these pharmacological drugs on T-cell responses. The quality and risk of bias of include evidence were independently assessed by two reviewers. Overwhelming evidence showed that both metformin and aspirin can ameliorate T-cell mediated inflammation by inducing regulatory T-cells (Tregs) polarisation, inhibiting T-cell trafficking and activation as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signalling. As a plausible mechanism to mediate T-cell function, metformin showed enhanced potential to regulate mechanistic targets of rapamycin (mTOR), STAT5 and adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathways. Whilst aspirin modulated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-kB) and co-stimulatory signalling pathways and induced T-cell anergy. Overall, synthesised data prompt further investigation into the combinational effect of metformin and aspirin for the management of T2D-related cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Maurice Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Siphamandla Raphael Ngcobo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Bongani Brian Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Zuurveld M, van Witzenburg NP, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Stahl B, van't Land B, Willemsen LEM. Immunomodulation by Human Milk Oligosaccharides: The Potential Role in Prevention of Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:801. [PMID: 32457747 PMCID: PMC7221186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of allergic diseases is rising and these diseases have become the most common chronic diseases during childhood in Westernized countries. Early life forms a critical window predisposing for health or disease. Therefore, this can also be a window of opportunity for allergy prevention. Postnatally the gut needs to mature, and the microbiome is built which further drives the training of infant's immune system. Immunomodulatory components in breastmilk protect the infant in this crucial period by; providing nutrients that contain substrates for the microbiome, supporting intestinal barrier function, protecting against pathogenic infections, enhancing immune development and facilitating immune tolerance. The presence of a diverse human milk oligosaccharide (HMOS) mixture, containing several types of functional groups, points to engagement in several mechanisms related to immune and microbiome maturation in the infant's gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, several pathways impacted by HMOS have been elucidated, including their capacity to; fortify the microbiome composition, enhance production of short chain fatty acids, bind directly to pathogens and interact directly with the intestinal epithelium and immune cells. The exact mechanisms underlying the immune protective effects have not been fully elucidated yet. We hypothesize that HMOS may be involved in and can be utilized to provide protection from developing allergic diseases at a young age. In this review, we highlight several pathways involved in the immunomodulatory effects of HMOS and the potential role in prevention of allergic diseases. Recent studies have proposed possible mechanisms through which HMOS may contribute, either directly or indirectly, via microbiome modification, to induce oral tolerance. Future research should focus on the identification of specific pathways by which individual HMOS structures exert protective actions and thereby contribute to the capacity of the authentic HMOS mixture in early life allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Zuurveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nikita P. van Witzenburg
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Human Milk Research and Analytical Sciences, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda van't Land
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Ao C, Zeng K. The role of regulatory T cells in pathogenesis and therapy of human papillomavirus-related diseases, especially in cancer. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:406-413. [PMID: 30172014 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted agent in the world. It can cause condyloma acuminatum, anogenital malignancies, and head and neck cancers. The host immune responses to HPV involve multiple cell types that have regulatory functions, and HPV-mediated changes to regulatory T cells (Tregs) in both the local lesion tissues and the circulatory system of patients have received considerable attention. The role of Tregs in HPV infections ranges from suppression of effector T cell (Teff) responses to protection of tissues from immune-mediated injury in different anatomic subsites. In this review, we explore the influence of Tregs in the immunopathology of HPV-related diseases and therapies targeting Tregs as novel approaches against HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Ao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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