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van Erpecum CPL, van Zon SKR, Bültmann U, Smidt N. Effects of changes in residential fast-food outlet exposure on Body Mass Index change: longitudinal evidence from 92,211 Lifelines participants. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:31. [PMID: 38486265 PMCID: PMC10941418 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the association between fast-food outlet exposure and Body Mass Index (BMI) remains inconsistent and is primarily based on cross-sectional studies. We investigated the associations between changes in fast-food outlet exposure and BMI changes, and to what extent these associations are moderated by age and fast-food outlet exposure at baseline. METHODS We used 4-year longitudinal data of the Lifelines adult cohort (N = 92,211). Participant residential addresses at baseline and follow-up were linked to a register containing fast-food outlet locations using geocoding. Change in fast-food outlet exposure was defined as the number of fast-food outlets within 1 km of the residential address at follow-up minus the number of fast-food outlets within 1 km of the residential address at baseline. BMI was calculated based on objectively measured weight and height. Fixed effects analyses were performed adjusting for changes in covariates and potential confounders. Exposure-moderator interactions were tested and stratified analyses were performed if p < 0.10. RESULTS Participants who had an increase in the number of fast-food outlets within 1 km had a greater BMI increase (B(95% CI): 0.003 (0.001,0.006)). Decreases in fast-food outlet exposure were not associated with BMI change (B(95% CI): 0.001 (-0.001,0.004)). No clear moderation pattern by age or fast-food outlet exposure at baseline was found. CONCLUSIONS Increases in residential fast-food outlet exposure are associated with BMI gain, whereas decreases in fast-food outlet exposure are not associated with BMI loss. Effect sizes of increases in fast-food outlet exposure on BMI change were small at individual level. However, a longer follow-up period may have been needed to fully capture the impact of increases in fast-food outlet exposure on BMI change. Furthermore, these effect sizes could still be important at population level considering the rapid rise of fast-food outlets across society. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms and changes in consumer behaviours underlying associations between changes in fast-food outlet exposure and BMI change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel-Peter L van Erpecum
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander K R van Zon
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Smidt
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ostojic SM, Hillesund ER, Øverby NC, Vik FN, Medin AC. Individual nutrients and serum klotho levels in adults aged 40–79 years. Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M. Ostojic
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health University of Agder Kristiansand Norway
| | | | - Nina C. Øverby
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health University of Agder Kristiansand Norway
| | - Frøydis N. Vik
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health University of Agder Kristiansand Norway
| | - Anine C. Medin
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health University of Agder Kristiansand Norway
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Fung TT, Li Y, Bromage S, Bhupathiraju SN, Batis C, Fawzi W, Holmes MD, Stampfer M, Hu FB, Deitchler M, Willett WC. Higher Global Diet Quality Score Is Associated with Less 4-Year Weight Gain in US Women. J Nutr 2021; 151:162S-167S. [PMID: 34689192 PMCID: PMC8542092 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have developed a simple and globally applicable tool, the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), to measure diet quality. OBJECTIVES To test the utility of the GDQS, we examined the associations of the GDQS with weight change and risk of obesity in US women. METHODS Health, lifestyle, and diet information were collected from women (n = 68,336) in the Nurses' Health Study II (aged 27-44 y in 1991) through repeated questionnaires (1991-2015). The GDQS has 25 food groups (maximum = 49 points) and scoring higher points reflects a healthier diet. The association between GDQS change in 4-y intervals and concurrent weight change was computed with linear models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Mean ± SD weight gain across 4-y periods was 1.68 ± 6.26 kg. A >5-point improvement in GDQS was associated with -1.13 kg (95% CI: -1.19, -0.77 kg) weight gain compared with a score change of <±2 points. For each 5-point increase, weight gain was 0.83 kg less for age <50 y compared with 0.71 kg less for age ≥50 y (P-interaction < 0.05). A >5-point score decrease was associated with 1.13 kg (95% CI: 1.04, 1.22 kg) more weight gain in women aged <50 y and 0.81 kg more (95% CI: 0.63, 0.98 kg) in women aged ≥50 y. Compared with little change in score, obesity RR was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.81) for a >5-point increase and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.26, 1.37) for a >5-point decrease. Risk of obesity did not differ by age. Compared with other diet quality scores, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 had somewhat stronger associations than the GDQS (P < 0.05) but the GDQS had stronger associations than the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women score (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Improvement of diet quality as measured by the GDQS was associated with less weight gain and risk of obesity in US women. The association was stronger for women aged <50 y. Associations similar in direction and magnitude were observed between the GDQS and obesity across age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabri Bromage
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Batis
- CONACYT—Health and Nutrition Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle D Holmes
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Deitchler
- Intake—Center for Dietary Assessment, FHI Solutions, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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