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Zhang JJ, Ye YX, Dorajoo R, Khor CC, Chang XL, Yu HC, Xie JC, Pan A, Koh WP. APOE Genotype Modifies the Association between Midlife Adherence to the Planetary Healthy Diet and Cognitive Function in Later Life among Chinese Adults in Singapore. J Nutr 2024; 154:252-260. [PMID: 38035998 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear if adherence to the planetary healthy diet (PHD), designed to improve human and environmental health, is associated with better cognitive function in aging, and if this association differs by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the association between the PHD pattern and risk of poor cognitive function, and to further assess whether the APOE ε4 allele could modify this association. METHODS The study included 16,736 participants from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. The PHD score was calculated using data from a validated 165-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1993-1998), with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the PHD. Cognitive function was assessed by the Singapore-modified Mini-Mental State Examination at follow-up 3 visits (2014-2016). A subset of 9313 participants had APOE genotype data. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS We identified 2397 (14.3%) cases of poor cognitive function. In the total population, OR (95% CI) of poor cognitive function for each one-SD increment in the PHD score was 0.89 (0.85, 0.93). Carriers of APOE ε4 allele had increased risk of poor cognitive function (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.61). There was a significant interaction between the PHD score and the APOE ε4 allele (P-interaction = 0.042). Each one-SD increment in the PHD score was significantly associated with lower risk of poor cognitive function (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.96) in non-carriers of APOE ε4 allele, but not in APOE ε4 allele carriers (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.23). CONCLUSIONS Midlife adherence to the PHD was associated with reduced risk of poor cognitive function in later life. However, this was not observed in carriers of APOE ε4 allele who had higher risk of poor cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Juan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu-Ling Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Han-Cheng Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Chi Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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Huang X, Tan ZM, Tan CS, Ng YL, van Dam RM, Hilal S. Association between nutrition and cognition in a multi-ethnic cohort from Singapore. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2387-2397. [PMID: 37103610 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition, a modifiable risk factor, presents a low-cost prevention strategy to reduce the burden of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, studies examining the effects of dietary patterns on cognition are lacking in multi-ethnic Asian populations. We investigate the association between diet quality, measured with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults of different ethnicities (Chinese, Malay, Indian) in Singapore. METHODS This cross-sectional study (n = 3138; mean age: 50.4 ± 9.8, 58.4% women) was based on data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Dietary intake collected with a validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was converted into AHEI-2010 scores. Cognition, assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), was analysed as a continuous or binary outcome (cognitively impaired or not, using cut-offs of ≥ 24, 26 or 28 for no education, primary school education and secondary school education and above). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to examine associations between AHEI-2010 and cognition, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS A total of 988 (31.5%) participants had cognitive impairment. Higher AHEI-2010 scores were significantly associated with higher MMSE scores [β = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22-0.67 highest vs. lowest quartile; p-trend < 0.001] and lower odds of cognitive impairment [OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.54-0.88; p-trend = 0.01] after adjusting for all the covariates. No significant associations were observed for individual dietary components of the AHEI-2010 with MMSE or cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Healthier dietary patterns were associated with better cognitive function in middle-aged and older Singaporeans. These findings could inform better support to promote healthier dietary patterns in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Huang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Zher Min Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Yi Lin Ng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Saima Hilal
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Zhou YF, Song XY, Pan A, Koh WP. Nutrition and Healthy Ageing in Asia: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3153. [PMID: 37513571 PMCID: PMC10383719 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition plays a key role in modulating the likelihood of healthy ageing. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the impact of nutrition on healthy ageing in Asia. METHODS The systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (CRD42023408936) and conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched up to February 2023 without language restrictions. We included prospective cohort studies that evaluated the associations of intake of a single food or consumption of a single nutrient at midlife; adherence to various dietary patterns at midlife; and improved adherence to dietary patterns from mid- to late life with the likelihood of healthy ageing and its components. RESULTS Out of 16,373 records, we included 71 papers comprising 24 cohorts from Singapore, China, Japan, and Thailand. The healthy ageing components included cognitive function, physical function, and depression. The majority of studies supported the observation that the likelihood of healthy ageing and its components in late life was positively increased by a higher consumption of healthy foods, such as vegetables, fruits, fish, nuts, legumes, tea, milk, and dairy, at midlife, and also by greater adherence to dietary patterns with high diversity scores or high total antioxidant capacities. Furthermore, improved adherence to healthy dietary patterns from mid- to late life also increased the likelihood of healthy ageing in late life. CONCLUSION Consuming healthy foods and adhering to healthy dietary patterns at midlife can promote the likelihood of healthy ageing. Moreover, improving diet quality from mid- to late life can still be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Zhou
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xing-Yue Song
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430032, China
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
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Wei BZ, Li L, Dong CW, Tan CC, Xu W. The Relationship of Omega-3 Fatty Acids with Dementia and Cognitive Decline: Evidence from Prospective Cohort Studies of Supplementation, Dietary Intake, and Blood Markers. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:1096-1109. [PMID: 37028557 PMCID: PMC10447496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous data have linked omega-3 fatty acids with risk of dementia. We aimed to assess the longitudinal relationships of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake as well as blood biomarkers with risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, or cognitive decline. Longitudinal data were derived from 1135 participants without dementia (mean age = 73 y) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort to evaluate the associations of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and blood biomarkers with incident AD during the 6-y follow-up. A meta-analysis of published cohort studies was further conducted to test the longitudinal relationships of dietary intake of omega-3 and its peripheral markers with all-cause dementia or cognitive decline. Causal dose-response analyses were conducted using the robust error meta-regression model. In the ADNI cohort, long-term users of omega-3 fatty acid supplements exhibited a 64% reduced risk of AD (hazard ratio: 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.18, 0.72; P = 0.004). After incorporating 48 longitudinal studies involving 103,651 participants, a moderate-to-high level of evidence suggested that dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids could lower risk of all-cause dementia or cognitive decline by ∼20%, especially for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake (relative risk [RR]: 0.82, I2 = 63.6%, P = 0.001) and for studies that were adjusted for apolipoprotein APOE ε4 status (RR: 0.83, I2 = 65%, P = 0.006). Each increment of 0.1 g/d of DHA or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) intake was associated with an 8% ∼ 9.9% (Plinear < 0.0005) lower risk of cognitive decline. Moderate-to-high levels of evidence indicated that elevated levels of plasma EPA (RR: 0.88, I2 = 38.1%) and erythrocyte membrane DHA (RR: 0.94, I2 = 0.4%) were associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline. Dietary intake or long-term supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce risk of AD or cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Dong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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The Role of Dietary Lipids in Cognitive Health: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123250. [PMID: 36552006 PMCID: PMC9775642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterised by progressive loss of brain function. The most common of these is Alzheimer's disease, a form of dementia. Intake of macro- and micro-nutrients impacts brain function, including memory, learning, mood, and behaviour. Lipids, particularly phospholipids and sphingolipids, are crucial structural components of neural tissues and significantly affect cognitive function. The importance of functional foods in preventing cardiovascular disease is well-documented in the current literature. However, the significance of such foods for central nervous system health and neurodegenerative diseases is less recognized. Gut microbiome composition affects cognitive health and function, and dietary lipids are known to influence gut health. Thus, this review will discuss different sources of dietary lipids and their effect on cognitive functioning and their interaction with the gut microbiome in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
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Li L, Xu W, Tan CC, Cao XP, Wei BZ, Dong CW, Tan L. A gene-environment interplay between omega-3 supplementation and APOE ε4 provides insights for Alzheimer's disease precise prevention amongst high-genetic-risk population. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:422-431. [PMID: 34710256 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The present study aimed to explore whether and how omega-3 (ω-3) supplementation could interact with genetic factors to modulate cognitive functions, amyloid pathologies, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. METHODS A total of 1,670 non-demented participants (mean age 73 years, 47% females, 41% APOE ε4 carriers) were followed up for 10 years. Hierarchical regressions, linear mixed-effects models, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the interaction effects of ω-3 supplementation with APOE ε4 and polygenic hazard scores, after adjusting for age, gender, education, cognitive diagnosis, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular risk score. RESULTS Individuals who progress to AD during the follow-up tend to take a shorter duration of ω-3 at baseline than those stable, for whom the difference remained significant only amongst APOE ε4 carriers (p < 0.01). The interaction term (APOE ε4 × ω-3) accounted for a significant amount of variance in cognition and cerebral amyloid burden. Long-term ω-3 use protected cognition (especially memory function) and lowered amyloid burden and AD risk only amongst APOE ε4 carriers. Mediation analysis suggested that amyloid pathologies, brain reserve capacities, and brain metabolism mediated the relationships of ω-3 use with memory and global cognition for APOE ε4 (+) carriers. Similar interaction and mediation effects were also indicated amongst high-risk subjects defined by polygenic hazard scores. CONCLUSIONS Long-term ω-3 intake may have a role in AD prevention in genetically at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Dong
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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7
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Wang L, Liu K, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang T, Hao L, Ju M, Xiao R. The Effect and Mechanism of Cholesterol and Vitamin B 12 on Multi-Domain Cognitive Function: A Prospective Study on Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:707958. [PMID: 34512309 PMCID: PMC8430239 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.707958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nutrients are associated with cognitive function, but limited research studies have systematically evaluated on multi-domain cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of specific nutrient on multi-domain cognitive function, and provide nutrition guidance for improving cognitive function. Methods: Participants were selected based on a multicenter prospective study on middle-aged and older adults in China. Global cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Nutrients intake was assessed according to food frequency questionnaire and China Food Composition Database, and principal component analysis was performed to extract nutrient patterns. Associations between specific nutrients and cognitive function were assessed using log-binomial regression. Restricted cubic spline was used to illustrate the dose-response relationship of nutrients with multi-domain cognitive function. Mediation analysis was used to determine the mechanism of nutrients in cognitive function. Results: Four nutrient patterns were identified (vitamin-mineral, protein-carbohydrate, fatty acid-vitamin E, and cholesterol-vitamin B12), and only a nutrient pattern rich in cholesterol and vitamin B12 was found associated with cognitive function (RR = 0.891, 95%CI = 0.794–0.999). In multi-domain cognitive function, dietary cholesterol and vitamin B12 were related to better performance of visual memory function (P = 0.034, P = 0.02). In dose-response relationship, it suggested a U-shaped association between vitamin B12 and MMSE (P = 0.02) within a certain range. Conclusions: Dietary intake rich in cholesterol and vitamin B12 was associated with better cognitive function, and vitamin B12 had a U-shaped dose-response relation with MMSE. Thus, ensuring moderate cholesterol and vitamin B12intake may be an advisable strategy to improve cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. Clinical Trial Registration: EMCOA, ChiCTR-OOC-17011882, Registered 5th, July 2017-Retrospectively registered, http://www.medresman.org/uc/project/projectedit.aspx?proj=2610
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Hao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Ju
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jiang YW, Sheng LT, Feng L, Pan A, Koh WP. Consumption of dietary nuts in midlife and risk of cognitive impairment in late-life: the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Age Ageing 2021; 50:1215-1221. [PMID: 33333555 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND evidence from prospective studies investigating the association between consumption of nuts in midlife and risk of cognitive impairment in late life is limited. METHODS this study analysed data from 16,737 participants in a population-based cohort, the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Intake of nuts was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline (1993-1998), when participants were 45-74 years old (mean age = 53.5 years). Cognitive function was tested using the Singapore modified Mini-Mental State Examination during the third follow-up visit (2014-2016), when participants were 61-96 years old (mean age = 73.2 years). Cognitive impairment was defined using education-specific cut-off points. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between intake and risk of cognitive impairment. RESULTS cognitive impairment was identified in 2,397 (14.3%) participants. Compared with those who consumed <1 serving/month of nuts, participants who consumed 1-3 servings/month, 1 serving/week and ≥2 servings/week had 12% (95% CI 2-20%), 19% (95% CI 4-31%) and 21% (2-36%) lower risk of cognitive impairment, respectively (P-trend = 0.01). Further adjustment for intake of unsaturated fatty acids attenuated the association to non-significance. Mediation analysis showed that the 50.8% of the association between nuts and risk of cognitive impairment was mediated by the intake of total unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION higher intake of nuts in midlife was related to a lower risk of cognitive impairment in late life, which was partly mediated by unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, China
| | - Li-Ting Sheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, China
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
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Zhu RZ, Chen MQ, Zhang ZW, Wu TY, Zhao WH. Dietary fatty acids and risk for Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and mild cognitive impairment: A prospective cohort meta-analysis. Nutrition 2021; 90:111355. [PMID: 34218119 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The association between dietary fatty acid intake and Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk is inconsistent. This meta-analysis examined the effect of dietary fatty acid intake in prospective cohort studies including patients with AD, dementia, and MCI. PubMed, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP Database were systematically searched through September 2020. The random-effects model was used to combine the highest and lowest categories of multivariable adjusted relative risk (RR). Prospective cohort studies that included associations between dietary fatty acid intake and the risk for AD, dementia, or MCI were included. Fourteen studies were included, comprising 54 177 participants: 1696 patients with AD, 1118 patients with dementia, and 2889 with MCI. The pooled RR showed a significant association only between ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and MCI risk (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75-0.98), with no heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 0%). The intake of total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), cholesterol, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), PUFAs, ω-3 PUFAs, ω-6 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acids (DHAs), and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPAs) was not significantly associated with AD risk. The intake of total fatty acids, SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, and ω-3 PUFAs was not significantly associated with dementia risk. This meta-analysis provided evidence that ω-3 PUFA intake may be negatively associated with MCI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Zhu
- School of Public Health of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Mei-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhang
- School of Public Health of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tian-Yu Wu
- School of Public Health of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wen-Hong Zhao
- School of Public Health of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
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Lust CAC, Bi X, Henry CJ, Ma DWL. Development of Fatty Acid Reference Ranges and Relationship with Lipid Biomarkers in Middle-Aged Healthy Singaporean Men and Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020435. [PMID: 33572735 PMCID: PMC7911367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids (FA) are essential for overall human health, yet individual FA reference ranges have yet to be established. Developing individual FA reference ranges can provide context to reported concentrations and whether an individual displays deficient, or excess amounts of FA. Reference ranges of sixty-seven individual FA (μmol/L) were profiled and analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector from serum samples collected from 476 middle-aged Singaporean males (BMI:23.3 ± 2.9) and females (BMI:21.8 ± 3.6). Measures of triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) (mmol/L) were also collected. The mean FA concentration seen in this cohort (11,458 ± 2478 was similar to that of overweight North American cohorts assessed in past studies. Ten biologically relevant FA were compared between sexes, with females exhibiting significantly higher concentrations in four FA (p < 0.05). A multiple regression model revealed the ten FA contributed significantly to nearly all lipid biomarkers (p < 0.05). A majority of participants who had FA concentrations in the ≥95th percentile also exhibited TG, HDL, LDL, and TC levels in the “high” risk classification of developing cardiovascular disease. Future studies profiling individual FA reference ranges in many unique, global cohorts are necessary to develop cut-off values of individual FA concentrations highly related to disease-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A. C. Lust
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Xinyan Bi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (X.B.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (X.B.); (C.J.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - David W. L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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