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Park ES, Won J, Ahn SH, Lee AR, Lee D, Moon JY, Choi MH, Kim KH. Gender-specific alteration of steroid metabolism and its impact on viral replication in a mouse model of hepatitis B virus infection. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:466-480. [PMID: 39296537 PMCID: PMC11409417 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2403569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a sex-specific pathogen that is more severe in males than in females. Sex disparities in HBV infection have been attributed to hormonal differences between males and females. However, whether HBV infection affects the metabolic signatures of steroid hormones and how these influences viral replication remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether HBV infection alters steroid metabolism and its effects on HBV replication. Serum samples from male and female mice obtained after the hydrodynamic injection of replication-competent HBV plasmids were subjected to quantitative steroid profiling. Serum steroid levels in mice were analyzed using an in vitro metabolism assay with the mouse liver S9 fraction. The alteration of steroids by HBV infection was observed only in male mice, particularly with significant changes in androgens, whereas no significant hormonal changes were observed in female mice. Among the altered steroids, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels increased the most in male mice after HBV infection. An in vitro metabolism assay revealed that androgen levels were significantly reduced in HBV-infected male mice. Furthermore, the genes involved in DHEA biosynthesis were significantly upregulated in HBV-infected male mice. Interestingly, reduced dihydrotestosterone in male mice significantly inhibits viral replication by suppressing HBV promoter activity, suggesting a viral strategy to overcome the antiviral effects of steroid hormones in males. Our data demonstrated that HBV infection can cause sex-specific changes in steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhee Won
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Ram Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Donghyo Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Moon
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Nuermaimaiti A, Chang L, Yan Y, Sun H, Xiao Y, Song S, Feng K, Lu Z, Ji H, Wang L. The role of sex hormones and receptors in HBV infection and development of HBV-related HCC. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29298. [PMID: 38087447 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Gender disparity in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases has been extensively documented. Epidemiological studies consistently reported that males have a higher prevalence of HBV infection and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Further investigations have revealed that sex hormone-related signal transductions play a significant role in gender disparity. Sex hormone axes showed significantly different responses to virus entry and replication. The sex hormones axes change the HBV-specific immune responses and antitumor immunity. Additionally, Sex hormone axes showed different effects on the development of HBV-related disease. But the role of sex hormones remains controversial, and researchers have not reached a consensus on the role of sex hormones and the use of hormone therapies in HCC treatment. In this review, we aim to summarize the experimental findings on sex hormones and provide a comprehensive understanding of their roles in the development of HCC and their implications for hormone-related HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudulimutailipu Nuermaimaiti
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingzi Xiao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Song
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihao Feng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoqun Lu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Ji
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Cooper KM, Delk M, Devuni D, Sarkar M. Sex differences in chronic liver disease and benign liver lesions. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100870. [PMID: 37791378 PMCID: PMC10542645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology, natural history, and therapeutic responses of chronic liver diseases and liver lesions often vary by sex. In this review, we summarize available clinical and translational data on these aspects of the most common liver conditions encountered in clinical practice, including the potential contributions of sex hormones to the underlying pathophysiology of observed differences. We also highlight areas of notable knowledge gaps and discuss sex disparities in access to liver transplant and potential strategies to address these barriers. Given established sex differences in immune response, drug metabolism, and response to liver-related therapies, emerging clinical trials and epidemiological studies should prioritize dedicated analyses by sex to inform sex-specific approaches to liver-related care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Cooper
- UMass Chan Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Molly Delk
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Deepika Devuni
- UMass Chan Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Monika Sarkar
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Duan H, Wang X, Qi W, Shi J, Han L, Wang G, Xu Y, Liu J, Wang J. Two genetic variants in the SRD5A2 gene are found to be associated with sex differences in the disease characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:68. [PMID: 37784175 PMCID: PMC10546680 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the expression characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SRD5A2 gene and investigate their potential association with differences in the clinical characteristics between sexes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS A total of 30 loci in six genes primarily involved in the metabolism and signaling of sex hormones/sex hormone receptors, namely AKR1C2, AKR1C3, HSD17B6, SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and ESR1, were genotyped in 1007 patients from eight counties (cities) in Northeastern China with chronic HBV infection and 1040 healthy controls, and their association with viral replication characteristics and the differences in disease severity between sexes was assessed. Western blotting was conducted to determine the hepatic SRD5A2 protein level and its relationship with the inflammatory activity and fibrosis degree in male and female patients. RESULTS Two SNP loci in the SRD5A2 gene (rs12470143 and rs7594951) exhibited significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies between sexes, with the proportion of T alleles significantly higher in males than in females. It was found that the incidence and severity of HBV-related liver fibrosis were significantly higher in patients with the T/T genotype in SRD5A2 rs12470143 and rs7594951 than those with the non-T/T genotype. Additionally, serum HBV DNA levels were significantly elevated in T/T patients compared to non-T/T patients. Female patients exhibited significantly lower serum DNA levels compared to male patients. Western blot analysis indicated that greater hepatic SRD5A2 protein levels were associated with higher METAVIR inflammation and fibrosis scores. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the two genetic variants in the SRD5A2 gene (rs12470143 C > T, r7594951 C > T), together with the male sex, age > 50 years old, HBeAg positive status, elevated serum HBsAg load, high serum HBV DNA load, and HBV genotype C, were independent risk factors for HBV-related liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that two genetic variants in the SRD5A2 gene (rs12470143 C > T, r7594951 C > T) are associated with sex differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Wenqian Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Songyuan Jilin Oilfield Hospital, Songyuan, 138000, Jilin, China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jiangbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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Wu Z, Petrick JL, Florio AA, Guillemette C, Beane Freeman LE, Buring JE, Bradwin G, Caron P, Chen Y, Eliassen AH, Engel LS, Freedman ND, Gaziano JM, Giovannuci EL, Hofmann JN, Huang WY, Kirsh VA, Kitahara CM, Koshiol J, Lee IM, Liao LM, Newton CC, Palmer JR, Purdue MP, Rohan TE, Rosenberg L, Sesso HD, Sinha R, Stampfer MJ, Um CY, Van Den Eeden SK, Visvanathan K, Wactawski-Wende J, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zhang X, Graubard BI, Campbell PT, McGlynn KA. Endogenous sex steroid hormones and risk of liver cancer among US men: Results from the Liver Cancer Pooling Project. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100742. [PMID: 37425211 PMCID: PMC10326694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Incidence rates of liver cancer in most populations are two to three times higher among men than women. The higher rates among men have led to the suggestion that androgens are related to increased risk whereas oestrogens are related to decreased risk. This hypothesis was investigated in the present study via a nested case-control analysis of pre-diagnostic sex steroid hormone levels among men in five US cohorts. Methods Concentrations of sex steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin were quantitated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and a competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for associations between hormones and liver cancer among 275 men who subsequently developed liver cancer and 768 comparison men. Results Higher concentrations of total testosterone (OR per one-unit increase in log2 = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.38-2.29), dihydrotestosterone (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.21-2.57), oestrone (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.08-2.79), total oestradiol (OR = 1.58, 95% CI=1.22-20.05), and sex hormone-binding globulin (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.27-2.11) were associated with increased risk. Higher concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), however, were associated with a 53% decreased risk (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.33-0.68). Conclusions Higher concentrations of both androgens (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone) and their aromatised oestrogenic metabolites (oestrone, oestradiol) were observed among men who subsequently developed liver cancer compared with men who did not. As DHEA is an adrenal precursor of both androgens and oestrogens, these results may suggest that a lower capacity to convert DHEA to androgens, and their subsequent conversion to oestrogens, confers a lower risk of liver cancer, whereas a greater capacity to convert DHEA confers a greater risk. Impact and implications This study does not fully support the current hormone hypothesis as both androgen and oestrogen levels were associated with increased risk of liver cancer among men. The study also found that higher DHEA levels were associated with lower risk, thus suggesting the hypothesis that greater capacity to convert DHEA could be associated with increased liver cancer risk among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrea A. Florio
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-(CHU de Québec) Research Center–Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Julie E. Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Bradwin
- Clinical and Epidemiologic Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Caron
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-(CHU de Québec) Research Center–Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence S. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannuci
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan N. Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Victoria A. Kirsh
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cari M. Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda M. Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Y. Um
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kala Visvanathan
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry I. Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Yan LJ, Yang LS, Yan YC, Tan SY, Ding ZN, Liu H, Wang DX, Dong ZR, Li T. Anthropometric indicators of adiposity and risk of primary liver cancer: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2023; 185:150-163. [PMID: 36996625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adiposity is associated with an increased risk of primary liver cancer (PLC). As the most commonly used indicator of adiposity, the body mass index (BMI) has been questioned for its limitations in reflecting visceral fat. This study aimed to investigate the role of different anthropometric indicators in identifying the risk of PLC by accounting for potential non-linear associations. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Sinomed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. Hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the pooled risk. The dose-response relationship was assessed using a restricted cubic spline model. RESULTS Sixty-nine studies involving more than 30 million participants were included in the final analysis. Regardless of the indicator used, adiposity was strongly associated with an increased risk of PLC. When comparing the HRs per 1-standard deviation increment across indicators of adiposity, the association was strongest for waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (HR = 1.39), followed by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (HR = 1.22), BMI (HR = 1.13), waist circumference (WC) (HR = 1.12), and hip circumference (HC) (HR = 1.12). A strong non-linear association was observed between each anthropometric parameter and the risk of PLC, regardless of whether the original or decentralised value was used. The positive association between WC and PLC risk remained substantial after adjusting for BMI. The incidence of PLC was higher with central adiposity (52.89 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI = 50.33-55.44) than general adiposity (39.01 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI = 37.26-40.75). CONCLUSION Central adiposity seems to contribute more to the development of PLC than general adiposity. A larger WC, independent of BMI, was strongly associated with the risk of PLC and might be a more promising predictive indicator than BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Jie Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Long-Shan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yu-Chuan Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Si-Yu Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zi-Niu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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7
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Chan KK, Au K, Fung W, Wong C, Chan AC, Lo RC. Sex-specific analysis of microRNA profiles in HBV-associated cirrhosis by small RNA-sequencing. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3473-3486. [PMID: 36166204 PMCID: PMC9701490 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis represents an advanced stage of chronic liver disease and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and risk of cancer development. While sex disparity of liver diseases has been observed, understanding at a genetic level awaits more thorough investigation. In this study, we performed a sex-specific analysis of the microRNA (miR) profiles in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cirrhosis by small RNA-sequencing using clinical tissue samples. Potential associated signaling pathways, downstream gene targets, and upstream regulators were highlighted by computational prediction analyses based on the differentially expressed miRs (DEmiRs). From our results, deregulation of miRs in cirrhosis showed a marked difference between males and females by the degree and pattern. Sixty-five (64 up-regulated, 1 down-regulated) and 12 (6 up-regulated, 6 down-regulated) DEmiRs were found in males and females, respectively, when compared with their respective control group. A number of DEmiRs were only observed in one sex but not the other. In addition, 26 DEmiRs were identified between cirrhosis female and cirrhosis male groups. Fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, p53 signaling, Hippo signaling, tumor necrosis factor signaling, the forkhead box O signaling, as well as gene targets ribosomal protein S27 like, methyl CpG binding protein 2, and estrogen receptor 1, may contribute to the pathogenesis and biological behavior of cirrhosis in a sex-specific manner. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas data set suggested a role of sex-specific DEmiRs in multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. Conclusion: Our findings illustrate that miR profiles in HBV-associated cirrhosis are distinct between the males and females and suggest a potential role of sex-specific biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Kwan‐Shuen Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Kwan‐Yung Au
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Wai‐Ching Fung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Cheuk‐Yan Wong
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Albert Chi‐Yan Chan
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong)Hong KongChina
| | - Regina Cheuk‐Lam Lo
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong)Hong KongChina
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8
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Hu H, Zhang T, Wu Y, Deng M, Deng H, Yang X. Cross-regulation between microRNAs and key proteins of signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:753-765. [PMID: 35833844 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a subtype of primary liver cancer and a major cause of death. Although miRNA plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma, the specific regulatory network remains unclear. Therefore, this paper comprehensively describes the miRNA-related signaling pathways in HCC and the possible interactions among different signaling pathways. The aim is to lay the foundation for the discovery of new molecular targets and multi-target therapy. AREAS COVERED Based on miRNA, HCC, and signaling pathways, the literature was searched on Web of Science and PubMed. Then, common targets between different signaling pathways were found from KEGG database, and possible cross-regulation mechanisms were further studied. In this review, we elaborated from two aspects, respectively, laying a foundation for studying the regulatory mechanism and potential targets of miRNA in HCC. EXPERT OPINION Non-coding RNAs have become notable molecules in cancer research in recent years, and many types of targeted drugs have emerged. From the outset, molecular targets and signal pathways are interlinked, which suggests that signal pathways and regulatory networks should be concerned in basic research, which also provides a strong direction for future mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Taolan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Meina Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Huiling Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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9
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Chen C, Chang H. Time trend and age‐specific gender difference in the incidence of liver cancer from 2009 to 2018 in Taiwan. ADVANCES IN DIGESTIVE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aid2.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuen‐Fei Chen
- Department of Medicine Mackay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Hung‐Chuen Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho‐Su Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan
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10
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Chang TJ, Hsia CY, Chau GY, Hsiao LT, Huang KT, King KL, Lui WY, Li AFY, Wang CL, Tsai PH, Chien Y, Lin TH. Characterization of Androgen Receptor Complex Associated Protein (ARCAP) in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:1100-1108. [PMID: 34596084 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks many tasks in clinical oncology due to possibly developing a general tumor in men and, usually lead to malignant to death within years. Researches had reported about major factors for being HCC was male sex and HCC associated with cirrhosis in childhood was found more common in males than females. In certain mouse strains as studied, breeding with testosterone significantly increases the development of HCC. Furthermore, castration of male mice diminished the frequency of the development of liver tumors. Meanwhile male hepatitis B virus transgenic mice have a greater occurrence of HCC than females. METHODS We apply degenerate priming PCR to observe the expression of various steroid receptors in livers. Yeast-two hybrid screening to search a novel RNA fragment helps to find a new full-length gene by RACE experiment. RT-PCR is applied to detect various expressions in tissues and cell lines. In situ hybridization detects DNA in Chromosome mapping. GFP-constructs transfection proves the gene localization in cells. Immunoprecipitation pulldown assay verifies protein interaction. Gene transfection followed with luciferase assay demonstrates the interaction of genes within cellular signaling. Genomic alignment analysis for observing sequences data perform from NCBI database website (http://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/genebank/). RESULTS The androgen receptor (AR) expression level is found at the highest level among the steroid receptors families detected in liver tumors. By yeast-two hybrid screening, we cloned an Androgen Receptor Complex Associated Protein (ARCAP), of 95 Kd in molecular weight and its cDNA. ARCAP locates at Chromosome 1. Our findings indicate ARCAP is highly expressed in hepatoma cell lines and liver tumors and their adjacent tumors as observed. Yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated an interaction between AR and ARCAP. CONCLUSION We aim to search for different types and levels of steroid receptors expressed within human HCCs and in the adjacent liver tissues. To verify possible molecular mechanisms by which AR might affect hepatoma cells, we had characterized a novel protein ARCAP which functions as a coregulator to interact with AR within liver. The ligand-dependent AR with its cofactor, ARCAP, can induce a signal cascade by transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Jay Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Basic Research Division, Laboratory of Genome Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Yuan Hsia
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gar-Yang Chau
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Liang-Tsai Hsiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Basic Research Division, Laboratory of Genome Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kung-Liang King
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wing-Yiu Lui
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Anna F-Y Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Basic Research Division, Laboratory of Genome Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Basic Research Division, Laboratory of Genome Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Hsien Lin
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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11
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Shaaban A, Salamah R, Abo Elseud Y, Mohanty A, Albarrak J. Presentation and Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Arabian Peninsula: A Review of a Single Institution Experience in the Sorafenib Era. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:85-89. [PMID: 31808059 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a growing evidence showing that there are geographic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Little is known about the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Arabian Peninsula. The present study examines the presentation and outcomes of HCC in a single institution. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients presented with advanced-stage HCC to Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC) between 2008 and 2018 was conducted. Data collected included patients demographics, HCC risk factors, performance status, Child-Pugh score, pick up of sorafenib, and survival. RESULTS About 111 cases were analyzed. The mean age of the cohort was 61.8 ± 11.4 years and 94 patients (84.7%) were males. HCV and diabetes were the most common risk factors for HCC and presented in 60 patients (54.1%) and 45 patients (40.5%), respectively. About 78 (70.3%) patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1 at presentation. Only 29 (26.1%) patients presented with Child-Pugh class A, while 42 (40.4%) patients received sorafenib. The median overall survival was only 3 months. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, HCV and diabetes were the main risk factors for HCC. The majority of patients was not amenable to sorafenib treatment and carries a very poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shaaban
- Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Shuwaikh, Kuwait. .,Minia University Hospital, Menia Governorate, Egypt.
| | - R Salamah
- Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | | | - A Mohanty
- Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - J Albarrak
- Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
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12
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Unique Features of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102454. [PMID: 34070067 PMCID: PMC8158142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding the unique features for HBV-induced HCC can shed new light on the unmet needs in its early diagnosis and effective therapy. During decades of chronic hepatitis B, hepatocytes undergoing repeated damage and regeneration accumulate genetic changes predisposing to HCC development. In addition to traditional mutations in viral and cellular oncogenes, HBV integration into the cell chromosomes is an alternative genetic change contributing to hepatocarcinogenesis. A striking male dominance in HBV-related HCC further highlights an interaction between androgen sex hormone and viral factors, which contributes to the gender difference via stimulating viral replication and activation of oncogenes preferentially in male patients. Meanwhile, a novel circulating tumor biomarker generated by HBV integration shows great potential for the early diagnosis of HCC. These unique HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenic mechanisms provide new insights for the future development of superior diagnosis and treatment strategies. Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide, accounting for around 50% of cases. Chronic hepatitis B infection generates an inflammatory microenvironment, in which hepatocytes undergoing repeated cycles of damage and regeneration accumulate genetic mutations predisposing them to cancer. A striking male dominance in HBV-related HCC highlights the influence of sex hormones which interact with viral factors to influence carcinogenesis. HBV is also considered an oncogenic virus since its X and surface mutant proteins showed tumorigenic activity in mouse models. The other unique mechanism is the insertional mutagenesis by integration of HBV genome into hepatocyte chromosomes to activate oncogenes. HCC survival largely depends on tumor stages at diagnosis and effective treatment. However, early diagnosis by the conventional protein biomarkers achieves limited success. A new biomarker, the circulating virus–host chimera DNA from HBV integration sites in HCC, provides a liquid biopsy approach for monitoring the tumor load in the majority of HBV–HCC patients. To maximize the efficacy of new immunotherapies or molecular target therapies, it requires better classification of HCC based on the tumor microenvironment and specific carcinogenic pathways. An in-depth study may benefit both the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-related HCC.
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13
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Zhang H, Spencer K, Burley SK, Zheng XFS. Toward improving androgen receptor-targeted therapies in male-dominant hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1539-1546. [PMID: 33561464 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. HCC is a male-dominant cancer with a male:female ratio of up to 7:1. The androgen receptor (AR) is the male hormone receptor known as a major oncogenic driver of prostate cancer. Although AR has been linked to the sexual dimorphism of HCC, clinical trials with AR-targeted agents failed to generate survival benefits. Recent studies provide new insights into the role of AR in liver tumorigenesis and therapeutic responses. Herein, we review current understanding of AR signaling in HCC and feedback mechanisms that limit response to AR blockade. New AR-targeting strategies that might improve outcomes in HCC therapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kristen Spencer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Stephen K Burley
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; RCSB Protein Data Bank and Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 174 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 174 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; RCSB Protein Data Bank, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and San Diego Supercomputing Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - X F Steven Zheng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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14
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Heo JW, Kim SE, Sung MK. Sex Differences in the Incidence of Obesity-Related Gastrointestinal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031253. [PMID: 33513939 PMCID: PMC7865604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 9.6 million people estimated to have died of cancer in 2018. Excess body fat deposition is a risk factor for many types of cancer. Men and women exhibit differences in body fat distribution and energy homeostasis regulation. This systematic review aimed to understand why sex disparities in obesity are associated with sex differences in the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers. Cancers of the esophagus, liver, and colon are representative gastrointestinal cancers, and obesity is a convincing risk factor for their development. Numerous epidemiological studies have found sex differences in the incidence of esophageal, liver, and colorectal cancers. We suggest that these sexual disparities are partly explained by the availability of estrogens and other genetic factors regulating inflammation, cell growth, and apoptosis. Sex differences in gut microbiota composition may contribute to differences in the incidence and phenotype of colorectal cancer. To establish successful practices in personalized nutrition and medicine, one should be aware of the sex differences in the pathophysiology and associated mechanisms of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Correspondence: (S.-E.K.); (M.-K.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2077-7722 (S.-E.K.); +82-2-710-9395 (M.-K.S.)
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Correspondence: (S.-E.K.); (M.-K.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2077-7722 (S.-E.K.); +82-2-710-9395 (M.-K.S.)
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15
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Kim SA, Cho EJ, Lee S, Cho YY, Kim B, Yoon JH, Park T. Changes in serum fibronectin levels predict tumor recurrence in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21313. [PMID: 33277619 PMCID: PMC7719187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin, a matrix glycoprotein aberrantly expressed in various tumor cells, is a known candidate biomarker for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated whether serum fibronectin levels could predict tumor recurrence in patients with early-stage HCC after curative treatment. A total of 83 patients who showed complete response after initial curative treatment were included. The levels of serum fibronectin at baseline and 4–6 weeks after initial treatment were analyzed with regard to their associations with recurrence. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to construct a prognostic nomogram. Baseline fibronectin levels were not significantly correlated with tumor size, number, stage, and serum α-fetoprotein levels. However, decrease in serum fibronectin levels after treatment was significantly associated with reduced HCC recurrence in multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio, 0.009; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a nomogram consisting of gender and changes in serum fibronectin showed a good discriminatory capability for the prediction of HCC recurrence with an area under the receiver-operating curve of 0.87. In conclusion, changes in serum fibronectin levels may be a surrogate indicator for assessment of treatment response in patients with early HCC after curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ah Kim
- The Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Lee
- Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Youn Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Yu Z, Feng H, Zhuo Y, Li M, Zhu X, Huang L, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Zheng C, Jiang Y, Le F, Yu DY, Cheng AS, Sun X, Gao Y. Bufalin inhibits hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma development through androgen receptor dephosphorylation and cell cycle-related kinase degradation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:1129-1145. [PMID: 32623699 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has a male predominance, lacks effective therapeutic options. Previously, the cardiac glycoside analogue bufalin has been found to inhibit HBV infection and HCC development. As yet, however, its molecular role in HBV-associated HCC has remained obscure. METHODS Colony formation and soft agar assays, xenograft and orthotopic mouse models and HBV X protein (HBx) transgenic mice with exposure to diethylnitrosamine were used to evaluate the effect of bufalin on HBV-associated HCC growth and tumorigenicity. HBx-induced oncogenic signaling regulated by bufalin was assessed using PCR array, chromatin immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis, luciferase reporter, transcription and protein expression assays. Synergistic HCC therapeutic effects were examined using combinations of bufalin and sorafenib. RESULTS We found that bufalin exerted a more profound effect on inhibiting the proliferation of HBV-associated HCC cells than of non HBV-associated HCC cells. Bufalin significantly inhibited HBx-induced malignant transfromation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling was found to be a target of bufalin resistance to HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. We also found that bufalin induced both AR dephosphorylation and cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK) degradation to inhibit β-catenin/TCF signaling, which subsequently led to cell cycle arrest via cyclin D1 down-regulation and p21 up-regulation, resulting in HCC regression. Furthermore, we found that bufalin reduced > 60% diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in HBx transgenic mice, and improved the sensitivity of refractory HBV-associated HCC cells to sorafenib treatment. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that bufalin acts as a potential anti-HCC therapeutic candidate to block HBx-induced AR/CCRK/β-catenin signaling by targeting AR and CCRK, which may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yu
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528. Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Feng
- Department of pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Zhuo
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528. Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528. Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingying Huang
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528. Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528. Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528. Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Le
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528. Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Alfred Szelok Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528. Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528. Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Han Q, Sang J, Fan X, Wang X, Zeng L, Zhang X, Zhang K, Li N, Lv Y, Liu Z. Association of LIN28B polymorphisms with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Virol J 2020; 17:81. [PMID: 32571380 PMCID: PMC7310063 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LIN28B is involved in multiple cellular developmental processes, tissue inflammatory response and tumourigenesis. The association of LIN28B polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unknown. Methods This study investigated the association of LIN28B rs314277, rs314280, rs369065 and rs7759938 polymorphisms in patients with chronic HBV infection, a major cause of liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 781 individuals including 515 cases of chronic HBV infection (91 asymptomatic carrier status, 128 chronic hepatitis, 127 cirrhosis and 169 HCC), 97 HBV infection resolvers and 169 healthy controls were investigated. Results LIN28 rs314280 genotypes GA + AA were higher in resolver and controls than patients (P = 0.011). Patients had significantly lower rs314280 allele A than resolvers (P = 0.031, OR 0.689, 95%CI 0.491–0.969) or controls (P = 0.034, OR 0.741, 95%CI 0.561–0.978). In dominant model, patients had significantly lower rs314280 genotypes AA+GA than controls (P = 0.008, OR 0.623, 95%CI 0.439–0.884). LIN28 rs7759938 genotypes TC + CC were higher in resolvers and controls than patients (P = 0.015). Patients had significantly lower rs7759938 allele C than resolvers (P = 0.048, OR 0.708, 95%CI 0.503–0.999). In dominant model, patients had significantly lower rs7759938 genotypes TC + CC than controls (P = 0.010, OR 0.632, 95%CI 0.445–0.897). Chronic hepatitis patients had lower frequency of rs369065 genotype TC than asymptomatic carriers, cirrhosis and HCC (P = 0.019). Conclusions These results suggest that LIN28 rs314280 and rs7759938 may be related to the susceptibility of chronic HBV infection. Further studies are warranted to examine the association of LIN28B polymorphisms with HBV-related diseases, especially HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Sang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Bamidele OF, Olokoba AB, Bojuwoye MO, Akintayo RO, Bamidele O. Prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy among patients with chronic liver disease in Ilorin, Nigeria. Ghana Med J 2020; 53:299-303. [PMID: 32116342 PMCID: PMC7036435 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v53i4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Minimal Hepatic encephalopathy is the mildest form of Hepatic Encephalopathy which presents with significant cognitive impairment and affectation of activities of daily living. The literature is scanty on the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in Nigerians with chronic liver disease. Aim This study aimed at determining the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy among patients with chronic liver disease using neuro-psychometric tests. Methods The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin from February 2015 to February 2016. Chronic liver disease was diagnosed with the presence of peripheral stigmata of liver disease, liver biochemistry, prothrombin time, and sonographic findings in keeping with liver disease. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed using number connection tests-A and B for patients who were educated while Line tracing test and constructional dyspraxia were used for patients without any formal education. Data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 computer software package. Results Sixty-four patients with chronic liver disease were recruited. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 47.1±14.6 yrs, and the 30-39 and 40-49 yrs age groups each had the highest frequency of 21(32.8%). There were 54 (84.4%) males and 10 (15.6%) females. The prevalence of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy was 43.8%. Conclusion The prevalence of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in this study was similar to previous studies. Significant number of patients with minimal HE were in Child-Pugh class B and C. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi F Bamidele
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Nigeria
| | | | - Matthew O Bojuwoye
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Nigeria
| | - Richard O Akintayo
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Bamidele
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Nigeria
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19
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Circulating levels of growth differentiation factor 15 and sex hormones in male patients with HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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20
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Yang C, Lu Y, Xia H, Liu H, Pan D, Yang X, Sun G. Excess Body Weight and the Risk of Liver Cancer: Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1085-1097. [PMID: 31544511 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1664602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To update and expand the previous meta-analysis including all prospective studies on the issue of the associations between overweight, obesity, and liver cancer risk. We also performed a meta-regression to investigate a potential nonlinear and/or linear association between body mass index (BMI) and liver cancer risk.Methods: Literature search was conducted in four libraries from the beginning of indexing for each database to 1st September, 2018.Results: The summary risk estimate was statistically significant on the association between overweight and the risk of liver cancer incidence (relative ratio [RR] = 1.19). The RRs were significantly stronger in people with known liver disease with overweight than in the general population with overweight (RR = 1.50 vs. RR = 1.10; Pdifference = .02). The meta-analysis showed an increase by 87% on the risk of liver cancer incidence in obesity categories, relative to categories of normal BMI (RR = 1.87, P < .01). Moreover, the results showed that, overweight was associated with 9% increased and obesity with 66% increased for risk of liver cancer mortality. In linear model, the relative risks of liver cancer were 1.32 for continuous BMI per 5 kg/m2 increase.Conclusion: This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that overweight, obesity may significantly increase liver cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hechun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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21
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Zhang W, Jin K, Wang F, Zhangyuan G, Yu W, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang P, Sun B. Differences in the prognostic value of tumor size on hepatocellular cancer-specific survival stratified by gender in a SEER population-based study. United European Gastroenterol J 2019; 7:933-941. [PMID: 31428418 DOI: 10.1177/2050640619845602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Tumor size is an important prognostic factor in cancers. This study aims at investigating the interaction between gender status and tumor size to evaluate cancer-specific survival (CSS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods In this study, we searched Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based data and identified 38,368 patients diagnosed with HCC between 1988 and 2012. Patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2007 were distributed into a training set (n = 19279), and the rest were assigned as a SEER validation set (n = 19089). Definition of cut-off value of tumor size stratified by gender was determined by the "X-Tile" program. The five-year CSS data were found. Long-term survival outcomes and risk factors were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier methods and the multivariable Cox regression models. Results There were significant differences among these different tumor size subgroups with regards to five-year CSS (p < 0.001). When applying cutoff points of 38 mm and 75 mm tumor size in men, and 38 mm and 55 mm in women, the most significant difference was observed by the X-Tile program, respectively (p < 0.001). The five-year CSS was 27.5% for women and 25.7% for men in the training set, and 33.9% for women and 31.1% for men in the validating set (p < 0.001). Further analysis showed that this significant difference existed in localized, regional, and distant-stage patients. Conclusions These results demonstrated that women with HCC appeared to exhibit better survival rates than men. The sex-related discrepancies should be emphasized, particularly for HCC patients with 39 to 75 mm tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Kangpeng Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Guangyan Zhangyuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Haitian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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22
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Thistle JE, Petrick JL, Yang B, Bradley MC, Graubard BI, McGlynn KA. Domperidone use and risk of primary liver cancer in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 55:170-175. [PMID: 29986235 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pronounced sex-disparity in liver cancer suggests a role for hormones, one of which could be prolactin. Stimulation of prolactin production in mice via domperidone has been reported to decrease hepatocarcinogenesis, thus may have chemopreventive potential. To study the effect of domperidone in humans, a large medical records study was conducted. METHODS Based in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, 1921 liver cancer cases and 7681 controls were identified. Conditional logistic regression was employed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Domperidone use was analyzed overall, and by number of prescriptions and cumulative dose. RESULTS Comparing ever- versus never-use, there was no association between domperidone and liver cancer among men (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.76-1.48) or women (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.82-1.76). Among men, there was no association with dose or number of prescriptions, while among women who received the highest doses (OR2700 mg vs. 0 mg = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.18-5.41, p-trend = 0.02) and greatest number of prescriptions (OR≥11 Rx vs. 0 Rx = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.07-9.40, p-trend = 0.02) there was a significantly increased risk, although there was no evidence of heterogeneity in the results by gender. CONCLUSION Domperidone use was not associated with decreased liver cancer risk among all study participants. Among women, an increased risk at highest levels of exposure warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake E Thistle
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jessica L Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Baiyu Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Marie C Bradley
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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23
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Lee SA, Lee SY, Choi YM, Kim H, Kim BJ. Sex disparity in viral load, inflammation and liver damage in transgenic mice carrying full hepatitis B virus genome with the W4P mutation in the preS1 region. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1084-1092. [PMID: 29563753 PMCID: PMC5850128 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i10.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study sex disparity in susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we created a transgenic mouse model that expressed the full hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome with the W4P mutation.
METHODS Transgenic mice were generated by transferring the pHY92-1.1x-HBV-full genome plasmid (genotype A2) into C57Bl/6N mice. We compared serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), interleukin (IL)-6, and the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), as well as liver histopathological features in male and female transgenic (W4P TG) mice and in nontransgenic littermates of 10 mo of age.
RESULTS W4P TG males exhibited more pronounced hepatomegaly, significantly increased granule generation in liver tissue, elevated HBsAg expression in the liver and serum, and higher serum ALT and IL-6 levels compared to W4P TG females or littermate control groups.
CONCLUSION Together, our data indicate that the W4P mutation in preS1 may contribute to sex disparity in susceptibility to HCC by causing increased HBV virion replication and enhanced IL-6-mediated inflammation in male individuals. Additionally, our transgenic mouse model that expresses full HBV genome with the W4P mutation in preS1 could be effectively used for the studies of the progression of liver diseases, including HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-Ae Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110799, South Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110799, South Korea
| | - Yu-Min Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110799, South Korea
| | - Hong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110799, South Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110799, South Korea
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24
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Yao KF, Ma M, Ding GY, Li ZM, Chen HL, Han B, Chen Q, Jiang XQ, Wang LS. Meta-analysis reveals gender difference in the association of liver cancer incidence and excess BMI. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72959-72971. [PMID: 29069840 PMCID: PMC5641183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight has a positive association with risk of liver cancer, but the gender difference in the relationship between body mass index and liver cancer risk remains uncertainty. In this work, we performed meta-analysis for excess body weight and risk of liver cancer incidence to identify the gender difference. We searched the English-languages database and the Chinese literature databases to May 12, 2017. Overall, a total of 17 studies were included. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals was used to evaluate the strength of these associations. The RRs of liver cancer incidence for obese men and women were 2.04 (1.70-2.44) and 1.56 (1.37-1.78). The former one was significantly higher than the later one (P for interaction = 0.02). Notably, the RR of liver cancer incidence in non-Asian obese men was even higher than their counter part (2.31(1.85-2.91) vs. 1.56 (1.31-1.86), P for interaction = 0.01). Similar gender difference was observed in the dose-response curve. As example, at the point of BMI = 32 kg/m2, the RRs for men and women were 1.61 (1.45-1.79) and 1.41 (1.02-1.94) respectively. Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that obesity is associated with a higher risk of liver cancer incidence in men, especially in non-Asian men, which might partially contribute to the male dominance of liver cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Fang Yao
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,School of Public Health Taishan Medical University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yong Ding
- School of Public Health Taishan Medical University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Public Health Taishan Medical University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Quan Jiang
- School of Public Health Taishan Medical University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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25
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Zheng B, Zhu YJ, Wang HY, Chen L. Gender disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): multiple underlying mechanisms. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:575-584. [PMID: 28547581 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-9043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
On the global scale, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) especially in regions of Asia where HBV infection is endemic. Epidemiological studies show that the incidence of inflammation-driven HCC in males is three times as high as in females. Recent studies suggest that sex hormones have a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of HBV-induced HCC. We found that the estrogen/androgen signaling pathway is associated with decreased/increased transcription and replication of HBV genes and can promote the development of HBV infections by up/downregulating HBV RNA transcription and inflammatory cytokines levels, which in turn slow down the progression of HBV-induced HCC. Additionally, sex hormones can also affect HBV-related HCC by inducing epigenetic changes. The evidence that both morphology and function of the human liver are affected by sex hormones was found over 60 years ago. However, the underlying molecular mechanism largely remains to be elucidated. This review focuses mainly on the molecular mechanisms behind the sex difference in HCC associated with HBV and other factors. In addition, several potential treatment and therapeutic strategies for inflammation-driven HCC will be introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China.
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26
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Hsieh AR, Fann CSJ, Yeh CT, Lin HC, Wan SY, Chen YC, Hsu CL, Tai J, Lin SM, Tai DI. Effects of sex and generation on hepatitis B viral load in families with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:876-884. [PMID: 28223732 PMCID: PMC5296204 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i5.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore factors associated with persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-affected families and then investigate factors that correlate with individual viral load among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive relatives.
METHODS We evaluated non-genetic factors associated with HBV replication in relatives of patients with HCC. Relatives of 355 HCC cases were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Demographics, relationship to index case, HBsAg status of mothers and index cases were evaluated for association with the HBV persistent infection or viral load by generalized estimating equation analysis.
RESULTS Among 729 relatives enrolled, parent generation (P = 0.0076), index generation (P = 0.0044), mothers positive for HBsAg (P = 0.0007), and HBsAg-positive index cases (P = 5.98 × 10-8) were associated with persistent HBV infection. Factors associated with HBV viral load were evaluated among 303 HBsAg-positive relatives. Parent generation (P = 0.0359) and sex (P = 0.0007) were independent factors associated with HBV viral load. The intra-family HBV viral load was evaluated in families clustered with HBsAg-positive siblings. An intra-family trend of similar HBV viral load was found for 27 of 46 (58.7%) families. Male offspring of HBsAg-positive mothers (P = 0.024) and older siblings were associated with high viral load.
CONCLUSION Sex and generation play important roles on HBV viral load. Maternal birth age and nutritional changes could be the reasons of viral load difference between generations.
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27
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Vom Steeg LG, Klein SL. Sex Steroids Mediate Bidirectional Interactions Between Hosts and Microbes. Horm Behav 2017; 88:45-51. [PMID: 27816626 PMCID: PMC6530912 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of microbial infections in mammals, including humans, is affected by the age, sex, and reproductive status of the host suggesting a role for sex steroid hormones. Testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone, signaling through their respective steroid receptors, affect the functioning of immune cells to cause differential susceptibility to parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. Microbes, including fungi, bacteria, parasites, and viruses, can also use sex steroid hormones and manipulate sex steroid receptor signaling mechanisms to increase their own survival and replication rate. The multifaceted use of sex steroid hormones by both microbes and hosts during infection forms the basis of this review. In the arms race between microbes and hosts, both hosts and microbes have evolved to utilize sex steroid hormone signaling mechanisms for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon G Vom Steeg
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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28
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Li Y, Li H, Spitsbergen JM, Gong Z. Males develop faster and more severe hepatocellular carcinoma than females in kras V12 transgenic zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41280. [PMID: 28117409 PMCID: PMC5259773 DOI: 10.1038/srep41280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more prevalent in men than women, but the reason for this gender disparity is not well understood. To investigate whether zebrafish could be used to study the gender disparity of HCC, we compared the difference of liver tumorigenesis between female and male fish during early tumorigenesis and long-term tumor progression in our previously established inducible and reversible HCC model - the krasV12 transgenic zebrafish. We found that male fish developed HCC faster than females. The male tumors were more severe from the initiation stage, characteristic of higher proliferation, activation of WNT/β-catenin pathway and loss of cell adhesion. During long-term tumor progression, the male tumors developed into more advanced multi-nodular tumors, whereas the female tumors remain uniform and homogenous. Moreover, regression of male tumors required longer time. We further investigated the role of sex hormones in krasV12 transgenic fish. Estrogen treatment showed tumor suppressing effect during early tumorigenesis through inhibiting cell proliferation, whereas androgen accelerated tumor growth by promoting cell proliferation. Overall, our study presented the zebrafish as a useful animal model for study of gender disparity of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hankun Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jan M. Spitsbergen
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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AR-Signaling in Human Malignancies: Prostate Cancer and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9010007. [PMID: 28085048 PMCID: PMC5295778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1940s Charles Huggins reported remarkable palliative benefits following surgical castration in men with advanced prostate cancer, and since then the androgen receptor (AR) has remained the main therapeutic target in this disease. Over the past couple of decades, our understanding of AR-signaling biology has dramatically improved, and it has become apparent that the AR can modulate a number of other well-described oncogenic signaling pathways. Not surprisingly, mounting preclinical and epidemiologic data now supports a role for AR-signaling in promoting the growth and progression of several cancers other than prostate, and early phase clinical trials have documented preliminary signs of efficacy when AR-signaling inhibitors are used in several of these malignancies. In this article, we provide an overview of the evidence supporting the use of AR-directed therapies in prostate as well as other cancers, with an emphasis on the rationale for targeting AR-signaling across tumor types.
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30
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Tian Y, Ou JHJ. Partial Hepatectomy and Castration of HBV Transgenic Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1540:259-266. [PMID: 27975324 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6700-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus. Its infection can cause liver injury and regeneration, and its replication is affected by the gender. Transgenic mice that carry a 1.3-mer overlength HBV DNA genome productively replicate HBV in hepatocytes and have been very useful for studying the replication and pathogenesis of HBV in vivo. By using this mouse model, the relationship between HBV and liver injury and regeneration as well as the effect of the gender on HBV gene expression and replication has been studied. In this chapter, we describe the surgical procedures of partial hepatectomy and castration and provide examples to demonstrate how these surgical procedures may be used to study the effect of HBV on liver regeneration and the effect of androgen on HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Tian
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing-Hsiung James Ou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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31
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Wang F, Huang J, Zhu Z, Ma X, Cao L, Zhang Y, Chen W, Dong Y. Transcriptome Analysis of WHV/c-myc Transgenic Mice Implicates Cytochrome P450 Enzyme 17A1 as a Promising Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:739-49. [PMID: 27339169 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical for successful treatment and favorable prognosis. To identify novel HCC biomarkers, we used the WHV/c-myc transgenic (Tg) mice, an animal model of hepatocarcinogenesis. By analyzing their gene expression profiling, we investigated differentially expressed genes in livers of wild-type and Tg mice. The cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP17A1), a hepatic P450 enzyme, was revealed to be overexpressed in the liver tissues of Tg mice at both preneoplastic and neoplastic stages. Mouse-to-human validation demonstrated that CYP17A1 mRNA and protein were also significantly increased in human HCC tissues compared with paired nontumor tissues (P = 0.00041 and 0.00011, respectively). Immunohistochemical studies showed that CYP17A1 was overexpressed in 67% (58 of 87) of HCC, and strong staining of CYP17A1 was observed in well-differentiated HCCs. Consistent with this, the median serum levels of CYP17A1 were also significantly higher in patients with HCC (140.2 ng/mL, n = 776) compared with healthy controls (31.4 ng/mL, n = 366) and to those with hepatitis B virus (57.5 ng/mL, n = 160), cirrhosis (46.1 ng/mL, n = 147), lung cancer (27.4 ng/mL, n = 109), and prostate cancer (42.1 ng/mL, n = 130; all P < 0.001). Notably, the elevations were seen in most AFP-negative HCC cases. Altogether, through mouse-to-human search and validation, we found that CYP17A1 is overexpressed in HCCs and it has great potentiality as a noninvasive marker for HCC detection. These results provide a rationale for the future development and clinical application of CYP17A1 measurement to diagnose HCC more precisely. Cancer Prev Res; 9(9); 739-49. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Oncology, The 1st. Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The 1st. Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li Cao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Biological big data, Yunan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. College of Biological big data, Yunan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Giard JM, Terrault NA. Women with Cirrhosis: Prevalence, Natural History, and Management. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2016; 45:345-58. [PMID: 27261903 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is less frequent in women than in men, in large part due to the lower prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and alcohol use in women. The most common causes of cirrhosis among women are hepatitis C, autoimmune etiologies, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease. For most chronic liver diseases, the risk of progression to cirrhosis and rates of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma are lower in women than in men. Pregnancy is very infrequent in women with cirrhosis due to reduced fertility, but when it occurs, requires specialized management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne-Marie Giard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Norah A Terrault
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Zhang T, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Ye J, Li X. A Lower PBMC Estrogen Receptor α Gene Expression in Chronic Hepatitis B Is Associated with a Sustained Virological Response to Pegylated Interferon. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 36:120-8. [PMID: 26485345 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate possible involvement of estrogen receptor α (ESR1) in responding to pegylated interferon alpha-2a (PEG IFNα-2a) therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. A total of 106 HBeAg-positive patients and 52 healthy controls were enrolled into this study. ESR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was quantified at the baseline, during treatment (weeks 4 and 12), and at the end of treatment (week 48) by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR). The sequence polymorphism of ESR1 (rs2077647, rs2234693, rs9340799, and rs9322354) was analyzed using the Sequenom MassARRAY Analyzer. Our results suggested that the most accurate prediction of nonresponder in female patients was the baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in combination with ESR1 expression at week 4 of treatment (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.908). Combining the baseline ALT with ESR1 mRNA expression at the end of treatment showed the best prediction of sustained virological response in male patients (AUC = 0.818). Internal validation was assessed by bootstrap cross-validation. These results may have clinical relevance and warrant future validation in studies with larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City , Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei , China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei , China
| | - Jun Ye
- 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Xu Li
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei , China
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Female Sex Hormones Pattern and Its Relation to Disease Severity and Treatment in Pre- and Postmenopausal Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (Genotype 4) Infection. Int J Chronic Dis 2015; 2015:927974. [PMID: 26464874 PMCID: PMC4590939 DOI: 10.1155/2015/927974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) course revealed differences between men and women. Male gender and postmenopausal women are thought to be of the critical factors affecting HCV infection progression. The study aimed to assess female sex hormones and their relation to disease severity and treatment in HCV infected females. Subjects were divided to 2 groups: 44 CHC female patients and 44 controls. Both groups were classified to premenopausal and postmenopausal females. Serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (PRG), and total testosterone (TT) were assessed using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Our results showed that menopausal patients had significantly higher levels of estradiol, total testosterone, and progesterone compared to controls (P < 0.001). Reproductive aged patients had lower level of total testosterone compared to menopausal patients (P < 0.001). HCV infected females of reproductive age had higher level of progesterone compared to menopausal HCV infected females (P = 0.0014). Indicators of disease severity and treatment response were significantly worse in menopausal women compared to reproductive aged women (fibrosis: P < 0.001, activity: P = 0.045, and treatment: P < 0.001). We observed that lower estradiol level may be related to fibrosis severity in CHC females. Higher total testosterone and progesterone levels may be related to fibrosis severity and poor response to treatment in CHC menopausal females only.
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Wang SH, Chen PJ, Yeh SH. Gender disparity in chronic hepatitis B: Mechanisms of sex hormones. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1237-45. [PMID: 25708186 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common human pathogen transmitted worldwide, and its chronic infection is a well-known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The sex disparity of HBV-related liver diseases has been noticed for a long time, which could be attributed to sex hormone effects, other than gender behaviors or environmental impact. This difference is experimentally confirmed in HBV transgenic mice, as well as in immunocompetent mice receiving hydrodynamic delivery of HBV. Androgen and estrogen pathways were identified to play opposite regulations of HBV transcription by targeting viral enhancer I at molecular level. In addition to the direct effects on HBV life cycle, sex hormones may be also involved in the immune response to HBV infection and the progression of associated liver diseases, although the detailed mechanisms are still unclear. Besides, several unaddressed issues such as HBV entry, microRNA profiles, viral integration, and adaptability in which androgen and estrogen axes might be involved are warranted to be delineated. The comprehensive understanding of the sex disparity in HBV virology and pathogenesis will be helpful to provide newly biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and develop novel drugs to manage HBV-related HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang SH, Yeh SH, Shiau CW, Chen KF, Lin WH, Tsai TF, Teng YC, Chen DS, Chen PJ. Sorafenib Action in Hepatitis B Virus X-Activated Oncogenic Androgen Pathway in Liver through SHP-1. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015. [PMID: 26206949 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows a higher incidence in men, mainly because of hepatitis B X (HBx)-mediated enhancement of androgen receptor (AR) activity. We aimed to examine this pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis and to identify drug(s) specifically blocking this carcinogenic event in the liver. METHODS HBx transgenic mice that spontaneously develop HCC (n = 28-34 per group) were used, either by knockout of hepatic AR or by castration. Efficacy of several HCC-targeted drugs in suppressing HBx-induced AR activity was evaluated, and cellular factors mediating suppression were investigated in cultured cells. Tissue specificity of the candidate drug was validated using mouse tissues. Data were analyzed with Chi-square and Student's t tests. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The androgen pathway was shown to be important in early stage hepatocarcinogenesis of HBx transgenic mice. The tumor incidence was decreased from 80% to 32% by AR knockout (P < .001) and from 90% to 25% by early castration (P < .001). Sorafenib markedly inhibited the HBx-enhanced AR activity through activating the SHP-1 phosphatase, which antagonized the activation of Akt/GSK3β and c-Src by HBx. Moreover, SHP-1 protein level was much higher in the liver than in testis, which enabled sorafenib to inhibit aberrant AR activity in the HBx-expressing liver, while not affecting the physiological AR function in normal liver or testis. CONCLUSIONS The androgen pathway may be a druggable target for the chemoprevention of HBV-related HCC, and sorafenib might be used as a tissue- and disease-specific regimen for the chemoprevention of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Wang
- Department of Microbiology (SHW, SHY, WHL, PJC), NTU Center for Genomic Medicine (SHY, DSC, PJC), and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (DSC, PJC), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine (SHY), Department of Medical Research (KFC), and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (KFC), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (DSC, PJC); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (CWS) and Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences (TFT, YCT), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Department of Microbiology (SHW, SHY, WHL, PJC), NTU Center for Genomic Medicine (SHY, DSC, PJC), and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (DSC, PJC), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine (SHY), Department of Medical Research (KFC), and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (KFC), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (DSC, PJC); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (CWS) and Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences (TFT, YCT), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Department of Microbiology (SHW, SHY, WHL, PJC), NTU Center for Genomic Medicine (SHY, DSC, PJC), and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (DSC, PJC), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine (SHY), Department of Medical Research (KFC), and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (KFC), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (DSC, PJC); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (CWS) and Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences (TFT, YCT), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Microbiology (SHW, SHY, WHL, PJC), NTU Center for Genomic Medicine (SHY, DSC, PJC), and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (DSC, PJC), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine (SHY), Department of Medical Research (KFC), and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (KFC), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (DSC, PJC); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (CWS) and Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences (TFT, YCT), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Microbiology (SHW, SHY, WHL, PJC), NTU Center for Genomic Medicine (SHY, DSC, PJC), and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (DSC, PJC), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine (SHY), Department of Medical Research (KFC), and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (KFC), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (DSC, PJC); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (CWS) and Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences (TFT, YCT), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Microbiology (SHW, SHY, WHL, PJC), NTU Center for Genomic Medicine (SHY, DSC, PJC), and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (DSC, PJC), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine (SHY), Department of Medical Research (KFC), and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (KFC), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (DSC, PJC); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (CWS) and Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences (TFT, YCT), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chi Teng
- Department of Microbiology (SHW, SHY, WHL, PJC), NTU Center for Genomic Medicine (SHY, DSC, PJC), and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (DSC, PJC), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine (SHY), Department of Medical Research (KFC), and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (KFC), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (DSC, PJC); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (CWS) and Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences (TFT, YCT), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Department of Microbiology (SHW, SHY, WHL, PJC), NTU Center for Genomic Medicine (SHY, DSC, PJC), and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (DSC, PJC), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine (SHY), Department of Medical Research (KFC), and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (KFC), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (DSC, PJC); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (CWS) and Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences (TFT, YCT), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Department of Microbiology (SHW, SHY, WHL, PJC), NTU Center for Genomic Medicine (SHY, DSC, PJC), and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (DSC, PJC), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine (SHY), Department of Medical Research (KFC), and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (KFC), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (DSC, PJC); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (CWS) and Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences (TFT, YCT), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kanda T, Yokosuka O. The androgen receptor as an emerging target in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2015; 2:91-9. [PMID: 27508198 PMCID: PMC4918288 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s48956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the male-dominant liver diseases with poor prognosis, although treatments for HCC have been progressing in the past decades. Androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Previous studies reported that AR was expressed in human HCC and non-HCC tissues. AR is activated both ligand-dependently and ligand-independently. The latter is associated with a mitogen-activated protein kinase–, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1–, or signal-transducer and activator of transcription–signaling pathway, which has been implicated in the development of HCC. It has been reported that more than 200 RNA expression levels are altered by androgen treatment. In the liver, androgen-responsive genes are cytochrome P450s, transforming growth factor β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa, which are also associated with human hepatocarcinogenesis. Recent studies also revealed that AR plays a role in cell migration and metastasis. It is possible that cross-talk among AR-signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and innate immune response is important for human hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC development. This review shows that AR could play a potential role in human HCC and represent one of the important target molecules for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Xin G, Qin S, Wang S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang J. Sex hormone affects the severity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through the MyD88-dependent IL-6 signaling pathway. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1279-86. [PMID: 25790822 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215570189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has shown that the occurrence of gender disparity in liver cancer associated with sex differences in MyD88-dependent IL-6 production, but the role of this signaling pathway in sex differences of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unknown. To investigate the effects of sex hormone-specific intervention on pathology and progression of NASH, and on the inflammatory TLR-MyD88-IL-6 signaling pathway NASH was modeled in C57/BL6 mice by feeding a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks. Male mice were subjected to sex hormone-related interventions such as orchidectomy, and orchidectomy combined with administration of either testosterone propionate or estradiol benzoate. Next, the degree of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS), serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the expression level of MyD88 and IL-6, were compared between these groups. Males developed more serious inflammatory problems and had a higher NAS than the females. Sex-specific intervention in male mice by orchidectomy reduced NAS, ALT, and AST, and the expression level of MyD88 and IL-6. But administration of exogenous androgen had no influence on either NAS or the expression of ALT, AST, MyD88, and IL-6. On the other hand, exogenous estrogen could alleviate the pathological damage caused by NASH, as well as reduce NAS, ALT and AST, and the expression of MyD88 and IL-6. The result show different sex hormone-related interventions affected the severity of NASH, possibly by modulating the level of sex hormones and regulating the TLR-MyD88-IL-6 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Xin
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Shaoyou Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yonggui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Jiangbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
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Hsu CS, Liu WL, Chao YC, Lin HH, Tseng TC, Wang CC, Chen DS, Kao JH. Adipocytokines and liver fibrosis stages in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatol Int 2015; 9:231-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-015-9616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Michikawa T, Inoue M, Sawada N, Tanaka Y, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Shimazu T, Sasazuki S, Mizokami M, Tsugane S. Plasma isoflavones and risk of primary liver cancer in Japanese women and men with hepatitis virus infection: a nested case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 24:532-7. [PMID: 25542831 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that estrogen plays a preventive role in primary liver cancer development, and it might be thought that isoflavones, which are structurally similar to estrogens and bind to estrogen receptors, are associated with the risk of liver cancer. We investigated this suspected association by measuring plasma concentrations of isoflavones in a nested case-control study of a population-based prospective cohort in Japan. METHODS From 18,628 target participants ages 40 to 69 years who returned the baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples, we selected those with either hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection at baseline (n = 1,544). Among these, 90 (28 women and 62 men) were newly diagnosed with primary liver cancer from 1993 through 2006; they were matched with 175 controls (54 women and 121 men). Plasma concentrations of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and equol) were measured using triple quadrupole tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ORs of liver cancer development based on plasma concentrations were estimated with a conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS Basically, distributions of plasma isoflavone concentrations did not differ between the cases and controls. No statistically significant associations of genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and equol with primary liver cancer risk were found in either women or men. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged Japanese women and men with hepatitis virus infection, plasma isoflavones were unassociated with the occurrence of primary liver cancer. IMPACT The role of isoflavones in liver carcinogenesis merits further study using both biomarkers and data on dietary intake of isoflavones. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(3); 532-7. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Michikawa
- Environmental Epidemiology Section, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuka Sasazuki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen CM, Sio CP, Lu YL, Chang HT, Hu CH, Pai TW. Identification of conserved and polymorphic STRs for personal genomes. BMC Genomics 2014; 15 Suppl 10:S3. [PMID: 25560225 PMCID: PMC4304208 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-s10-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Short tandem repeats (STRs) are abundant in human genomes. Numerous STRs have been shown to be associated with genetic diseases and gene regulatory functions, and have been selected as genetic markers for evolutionary and forensic analyses. High-throughput next generation sequencers have fostered new cutting-edge computing techniques for genome-scale analyses, and cross-genome comparisons have facilitated the efficient identification of polymorphic STR markers for various applications. Results An automated and efficient system for detecting human polymorphic STRs at the genome scale is proposed in this study. Assembled contigs from next generation sequencing data were aligned and calibrated according to selected reference sequences. To verify identified polymorphic STRs, human genomes from the 1000 Genomes Project were employed for comprehensive analyses, and STR markers from the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and disease-related STR motifs were also applied as cases for evaluation. In addition, we analyzed STR variations for highly conserved homologous genes and human-unique genes. In total 477 polymorphic STRs were identified from 492 human-unique genes, among which 26 STRs were retrieved and clustered into three different groups for efficient comparison. Conclusions We have developed an online system that efficiently identifies polymorphic STRs and provides novel distinguishable STR biomarkers for different levels of specificity. Candidate polymorphic STRs within a personal genome could be easily retrieved and compared to the constructed STR profile through query keywords, gene names, or assembled contigs.
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Yu Z, Gao YQ, Feng H, Lee YY, Li MS, Tian Y, Go MYY, Yu DY, Cheung YS, Lai PBS, Yu J, Wong VWS, Sung JJY, Chan HLY, Cheng ASL. Cell cycle-related kinase mediates viral-host signalling to promote hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Gut 2014; 63:1793-804. [PMID: 24440987 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) signalling contributes to male predominance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is more pronounced in HBV-endemic areas. Cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK) is essential for AR-induced hepatocarcinogenesis but its molecular function in HBV-associated HCC remains obscure. OBJECTIVE To determine the molecular function of CCRK in HBV-associated HCC. DESIGN Transcriptional regulation was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation, promoter mutation and luciferase reporter assays. Hepatocellular proliferation and tumourigenesis were examined by colony formation, soft agar assays and using HBV X protein (HBx) transgenic mice with low-dose exposure to diethylnitrosamine. Protein expressions were examined in clinical samples and correlated with patient survival by log-rank Mantel-Cox test. RESULTS Overexpression of CCRK, but not its kinase-defective mutant, activated β-catenin/T cell factor signalling through phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) at Ser9, led to upregulation of AR transcriptional activity and, subsequently, expression of HBx. The viral transactivator in turn induced CCRK expression through enhanced AR signalling, thus forming a positive regulatory loop. RNA interference silencing of CCRK, which suppressed the CCRK/GSK-3β/β-catenin/AR regulatory loop, significantly suppressed HBx-induced hepatocellular proliferation (p=0.001) and transformation (p<0.001) and remarkably reduced >80% diethylnitrosamine-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in HBx transgenic mice. Finally, patients with HBV-associated HCC with concordant overexpression of CCRK, GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9, active dephosphorylated β-catenin and AR phosphorylation at Ser81 had poorer overall (HR=31.26, p<0.0001) and disease-free (HR=3.60, p<0.01) survival rates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the critical role of CCRK in a self-reinforcing circuitry that regulates HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Further characterisation of this intricate viral-host signalling may provide new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Qiu Gao
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hai Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - May S Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Minnie Y Y Go
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Research Center and World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yue-Sun Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Vincent W S Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Henry L Y Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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43
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El-Serag HB, Kanwal F. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States: where are we? Where do we go? Hepatology 2014; 60:1767-75. [PMID: 24839253 PMCID: PMC4211957 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hashem B El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Houston VA HSR&D Center of Excellence Houston, TX
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Cortright CC, Center SA, Randolph JF, McDonough SP, Fecteau KA, Warner KL, Chiapella AM, Pierce RL, Graham AH, Wall LJ, Heidgerd JH, Degen MA, Lucia PA, Erb HN. Clinical features of progressive vacuolar hepatopathy in Scottish Terriers with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: 114 cases (1980–2013). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 245:797-808. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.7.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Su Z, Li Y, Liao Y, Cai B, Chen J, Zhang J, Li L, Ying B, Tao C, Wang L. Association of the gene polymorphisms in sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide with the outcomes of hepatitis B infection in Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 27:77-82. [PMID: 25010264 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) was newly identified as a hepatitis B virus (HBV) receptor, which partly shed light on the reason for HBV hepatotropism and its host specificity. However, the related researches were limited to in vitro or animal experiments. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of NTCP polymorphisms with HBV natural course in humans. METHODS According to their serological and clinical characteristics, 933 Chinese Han individuals were divided into two major groups, 352 viral clearance controls and 581 persistently infected patients. The latter one included 186 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 395 non-HCC subjects. A total of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from HapMap dataset and genotyped by high resolution melting (HRM) curve method. RESULTS The rs7154439 AA genotype was observed slightly more common in viral clearance group than in persistently infected group [16 (4.5%) subjects vs. 10 (1.7%) subjects. p=0.008, adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.15-0.75 in a codominant model; and p=0.006, AOR=0.32, 95% CI=0.14-0.72 in a recessive model]. While the rs4646287 AA genotype was observed slightly more frequent in HCC group than in non-HCC group [6 (3.2%) subjects vs. 1 (0.3%) subject. p=0.018, AOR=15.74, 95% CI=1.59-155.54 in a codominant model; and p=0.018, AOR=15.91, 95% CI=1.61-157.01 in a recessive model]. There were no statistically significant differences of allele or haplotype distribution between any two groups. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that polymorphisms in the NTCP region may be associated with the natural course of HBV infection. The rs7154439 AA genotype was associated with HBV clearance, while the rs4646287 AA genotype was associated with HCC occurrence. However, considering the sample size is relatively small, larger studies, especially through multicenter collaboration will be needed to fully validate the significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lixin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chuanmin Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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47
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Ma WL, Lai HC, Yeh S, Cai X, Chang C. Androgen receptor roles in hepatocellular carcinoma, fatty liver, cirrhosis and hepatitis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R165-82. [PMID: 24424503 PMCID: PMC4165608 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays important roles in normal liver function and in progression of liver diseases. In studies of noncancerous liver diseases, AR knockout mouse models of liver disease have revealed that androgen/AR signaling suppresses the development of steatosis, virus-related hepatitis, and cirrhosis. In addition, studies have shown that targeting AR in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) improves their self-renewal and migration potentials, thereby increasing the efficacy of BM-MSC transplantation as a way to control the progression of cirrhosis. Androgen/AR signaling is known to be involved in the initiation of carcinogen- or hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, studies have demonstrated that AR, rather than androgen, plays the dominant role in cancer initiation. Therefore, targeting AR might be an appropriate therapy for patients with early-stage HCC. In contrast, androgen/AR signaling has been shown to suppress metastasis of HCC in patients with late-stage disease. In addition, there is evidence that therapy comprising Sorafenib and agents that enhance the functional expression of AR may suppress the progression of late-stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lung Ma
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of
Gastroenterology, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical
University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of
Pathology and Urology and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical
Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of
Gastroenterology, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical
University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of
Pathology and Urology and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical
Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Chawnshang Chang Liver
Cancer Center, Sir Run-run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Corresponding author: Chawnshang
Chang () and Xiujun Cai
()
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of
Gastroenterology, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical
University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of
Pathology and Urology and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical
Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Corresponding author: Chawnshang
Chang () and Xiujun Cai
()
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48
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Liu WC, Liu QY. Molecular mechanisms of gender disparity in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6252-6261. [PMID: 24876746 PMCID: PMC4033463 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a malignant tumor with high mortality worldwide. One remarkable clinical feature of HBV-related HCC is that its incidence is higher in males and postmenopausal females compared to other females. Increasing evidence indicates that HBV-associated HCC may involve gender disparity and that it may be a type of hormone-responsive malignant tumor. Sex hormones, such as androgen and estrogen, have been shown to play very different roles in the progression of an HBV infection and in the development of HBV-related HCC. Through binding to their specific cellular receptors and affecting the corresponding signaling pathways, sex hormones can regulate the transactivation of HBx, cause the chronic release of inflammatory cytokines in the hepatocellular microenvironment, and participate in epigenetic and genetic alternations in hepatocytes. All of these functions may be related to the initiation and progression of HBV-associated HCC. A thorough investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the gender-related disparity in HBV-related HCC should provide a new perspective for better understanding its pathogenesis and exploring more effective methods for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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49
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Li S, Mo C, Huang S, Yang S, Lu Y, Peng Q, Wang J, Deng Y, Qin X, Liu Y. Over-expressed Testis-specific Protein Y-encoded 1 as a novel biomarker for male hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89219. [PMID: 24586606 PMCID: PMC3930679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a male-predominant cancer. Previous studies have focused on the sex-related disparity in HCC, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to discover characteristic biomarkers for male HCC. Clinical samples were subjected to iTRAQ labeling followed by 2DLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Seventy-three differential proteins containing 16 up-regulated and 57 down-regulated proteins were screened out in the male HCC group compared to that in female HCC group. Testis-specific Protein Y-encoded 1(TSPY1) is characteristically present in male HCC and was chosen for further investigation. The data from the functional effects of TSPY1 indicated that over-expression of TSPY1 could potentiate HCC cell proliferation, increase soft agar colonization, induce higher cell invasive ability and correlate with the metastatic potential of the HCC cell lines. In addition, TSPY1 and androgen receptor (AR) were co-expressed simultaneously in HCC cell lines as well as in HCC tissue. TSPY1 up- or down-regulation could lead to a high or low level expression of AR. These results implied that TSPY1 may be included in the regulation of AR expression involved in male HCC and it may act as a novel biomarker for male HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/secondary
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cuiju Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiliu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (XQ); (YL)
| | - Yinkun Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XQ); (YL)
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50
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Lukanova A, Becker S, Hüsing A, Schock H, Fedirko V, Trepo E, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Benetou V, Trichopoulos D, Nöthlings U, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Dossus L, Teucher B, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Palli D, Pala V, Panico S, Tumino R, Ricceri F, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Siersema PD, Peeters PHM, Quiros JR, Duell EJ, Molina-Montes E, Chirlaque MD, Gurrea AB, Dorronsoro M, Lindkvist B, Johansen D, Werner M, Sund M, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Key TJ, Travis RC, Rinaldi S, Romieu I, Gunter MJ, Riboli E, Jenab M, Kaaks R. Prediagnostic plasma testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, IGF-I and hepatocellular carcinoma: etiological factors or risk markers? Int J Cancer 2014; 134:164-73. [PMID: 23801371 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated prediagnostic testosterone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations have been proposed to increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the metabolism of these hormones is altered as a consequence of liver damage and they may have clinical utility as HCC risk markers. A case-control study was nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort and included 125 incident HCC cases and 247 individually matched controls. Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and IGF-I were analyzed by immunoassays. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. The area under the receiver operating curves (AUC) was calculated to assess HCC predictive ability of the tested models. After adjustments for epidemiological variables (body mass index, smoking, ethanol intake, hepatitis and diabetes) and liver damage (a score based on albumin, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations), only SHBG remained significantly associated with risk [OR for top versus bottom tertile of 3.86 (1.32-11.3), p(trend) = 0.009]. As a single factor SHBG had an AUC of 0.81 (0.75-0.86). A small, but significant increase in AUC was observed when SHBG was added to a model including the liver damage score and epidemiological variables (from 0.89 to 0.91, p = 0.02) and a net reclassification of 0.47% (0.45-0.48). The observed associations of HCC with prediagnostic SHBG, free testosterone and IGF-I concentrations are in directions opposite to that expected under the etiological hypotheses. SHBG has a potential to be tested as prediagnostic risk marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Lukanova
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
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