1
|
Garcia C, Miller-Awe MD, Witkowski MT. Concepts in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia pathogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:18-32. [PMID: 38243586 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) arises from genetic alterations impacting B cell progenitors, ultimately leading to clinically overt disease. Extensive collaborative efforts in basic and clinical research have significantly improved patient prognoses. Nevertheless, a subset of patients demonstrate resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic approaches and emerging immunotherapeutic interventions. This review highlights the mechanistic underpinnings governing B-ALL transformation. Beginning with exploring normative B cell lymphopoiesis, we delineate the influence of recurrent germline and somatic genetic aberrations on the perturbation of B cell progenitor differentiation and protumorigenic signaling, thereby facilitating the neoplastic transformation underlying B-ALL progression. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in the multifaceted landscape of B-ALL, encompassing metabolic reprogramming, microbiome influences, inflammation, and the discernible impact of socioeconomic and racial disparities on B-ALL transformation and patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Megan D Miller-Awe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Matthew T Witkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang X, Yang L, Luo A, Liu S, Zhang X, Liu X, Liu X, Luo A, Cai M, Yan Y, Wu X, Huang K, Xu L, Jiang H. IKZF3 polymorphisms contribute to the increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Cancer 2024; 130:973-984. [PMID: 38018448 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children. IKZF3 (IKAROS family zinc finger 3) is a hematopoietic-specific transcription factor, and it has been validated that it is involved in leukemia. However, the role of IKZF3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remains unclear. In this case-control study, the authors investigated the association of IKZF3 SNPs with ALL in children. METHODS Six IKZF3 reference SNPs (rs9635726, rs2060941, rs907092, rs12946510, rs1453559, and rs62066988) were genotyped in 692 patients who had ALL (cases) and in 926 controls. The associations between IKZF3 polymorphisms and ALL risk were determined using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The associations of rs9635726 and rs2060941 with the risk of ALL were further estimated by using false-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis. Functional analysis in silico was performed to evaluate the probability that rs9635726 and rs2060941 might influence the regulation of IKZF3. RESULTS The authors observed that rs9635726C>T (adjusted OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.06-2.11; p = .023) and rs2060941G>T (adjusted OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.24-1.84; p = .001) were related to and increased risk of ALL in the recessive and dominant models, respectively. Furthermore, the associations of both rs9635726 (FPRP = .177) and rs2060941 (FPRP < .001) with ALL were noteworthy in the FPRP analysis. Functional analysis indicated that rs9635726 and rs2060941 might repress the transcription of IKZF3 by disrupting its binding to MLLT1, TAF1, POLR2A, and/or RAD21. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that IKZF3 polymorphisms were associated with increased ALL susceptibility in children and might influence the expression of IKZF3 by disrupting its binding to MLLT1, TAF1, POLR2A, and/or RAD21. IKZF3 polymorphisms were suggested as a biomarker for childhood ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Annie Luo
- Victoria College, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ailing Luo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mansi Cai
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuedong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Smith AJ, Jiménez-Morales S, Mejía-Aranguré JM. The genetic risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its implications for children of Latin American origin. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1299355. [PMID: 38264740 PMCID: PMC10805326 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1299355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children, and disproportionately affects children of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity in the United States, who have the highest incidence of disease compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Incidence of childhood ALL is similarly high in several Latin American countries, notably in Mexico, and of concern is the rising incidence of childhood ALL in some Hispanic/Latino populations that may further widen this disparity. Prior studies have implicated common germline genetic variants in the increased risk of ALL among Hispanic/Latino children. In this review, we describe the known disparities in ALL incidence as well as patient outcomes that disproportionately affect Hispanic/Latino children across the Americas, and we focus on the role of genetic variation as well as Indigenous American ancestry in the etiology of these disparities. Finally, we discuss future avenues of research to further our understanding of the causes of the disparities in ALL incidence and outcomes in children of Latin American origin, which will be required for future precision prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Innovación y Medicina de Precisión, Núcleo A, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Zayan NR, Ashour MJ, Abuwarda HN, Sharif FA. ARID5B, IKZF1, GATA3, CEBPE, and CDKN2A germline polymorphisms and predisposition to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:103-113. [PMID: 37578068 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2023.2234946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent type of pediatric cancer. Germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including ARID5B (rs10821936 T/C), IKZF1 (rs4132601 T/G), GATA3 (rs3824662 G/T), CEBPE (rs2239633 G/A), and CDKN2A (rs3731217 A/C) have been linked to pediatric ALL in different populations. Hitherto, no previous studies have tested the relationship between these SNPs and pediatric ALL in Gaza strip. Therefore, we investigated the association between these polymorphisms and the occurrence of childhood ALL in this part of Palestine. This case-control study recruited 100 healthy controls and 78 ALL patients. Allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) technique was used for SNPs genotyping. Relevant statistical tests were used and the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) approach was applied in the analysis of gene-gene interactions. Minor alleles of ARID5B rs10821936 T/C (p = 0.007) and IKZF1 rs4132601 T/G (p = 0.045) were significantly higher in ALL patients. The homozygous (TT) genotype of GATA3 rs3824662 G/T (p = 0.038), (CC) of ARID5B rs10821936 T/C (p = 0.008), and (AC and CC) genotypes of CDKN2A rs3731217 A/C (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in ALL cases. On MDR analysis, the best model for ALL risk was the five-factor model combination of the examined SNPs (CVC = 10/10; TBA = 0.632; p < 0.0001). This work demonstrates the association of ARID5B rs10821936 T/C, IKZF1 rs4132601 T/G, GATA3 rs3824662 G/T, and CDKN2A rs3731217 A/C polymorphisms with increased risk of pediatric ALL among a patient cohort from Gaza Strip. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed in order to confirm these findings and test the value of these SNPs in prognosis and treatment sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fadel A Sharif
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences-IUG, Gaza, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Svyatova G, Boranbayeva R, Berezina G, Manzhuova L, Murtazaliyeva A. Genes of Predisposition to Childhood Beta-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Kazakh Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2653-2666. [PMID: 37642051 PMCID: PMC10685230 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.8.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most common malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system. The genetic predisposition to ALL is not fully explored in various ethnic populations. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the population frequencies of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic gene variants: immune regulation GATA3 (rs3824662); transcription and differentiation of B cells: ARID5B (rs7089424, rs10740055), IKZF1 (rs4132601); differentiation of hematopoietic cells: PIP4K2A (rs7088318); apoptosis: CEBPE (rs2239633), tumor suppressors: CDKN2A (rs3731249), TP53 (rs1042522); carcinogen metabolism: CBR3 (rs1056892), CYP1A1 (rs104894, rs4646903), according to genome-wide association studies analyses associated with the risk of developing pediatric beta-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL), in an ethnically homogeneous population of Kazakhs with studied populations. METHODS The genomic database consists of 1800 conditionally healthy persons of Kazakh nationality, genotyped using OmniChip 2.5-8 Illumina chips at the deCODE genetics as part of the InterPregGen 7 project of the European Union (EU) framework program under Grant Agreement No. 282540. RESULTS High population frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) minor alleles identified for immune regulation genes - GATA3 rs3824662 - 42.5%; transcription and differentiation of B-cells genes - ARID5B rs7089424 - 33.1% and rs10740055 - 48.5%, which suggests their significant genetic contribution to the risk of development and prognosis of the effectiveness of B-cell ALL therapy in the Kazakh population. The significantly lower population frequency of the minor allele G rs1056892 CBR3 gene - 38.6% in the Kazakhs suggests its significant protective effect in reducing the risk of childhood B-cell ALL and the smaller number of cardiac complications after anthracycline therapy. CONCLUSION The obtained results will serve as a basis for developing effective methods for predicting the risk of development, early diagnosis, and effectiveness of treatment of B-cell ALL in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Svyatova
- Republican Medical Genetic Consultation, Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 050020, 125 Dostyk Ave., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Riza Boranbayeva
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, 050060, 146 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Galina Berezina
- Republican Medical Genetic Consultation, Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 050020, 125 Dostyk Ave., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Lyazat Manzhuova
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, 050060, 146 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Alexandra Murtazaliyeva
- Republican Medical Genetic Consultation, Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 050020, 125 Dostyk Ave., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martin-Giacalone BA, Richard MA, Scheurer ME, Khan J, Sok P, Shetty PB, Chanock SJ, Li SA, Yeager M, Marquez-Do DA, Barkauskas DA, Hall D, McEvoy MT, Brown AL, Sabo A, Scheet P, Huff CD, Skapek SX, Hawkins DS, Venkatramani R, Mirabello L, Lupo PJ. Germline genetic variants and pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma outcomes: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:733-741. [PMID: 36951526 PMCID: PMC10248851 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relative to other pediatric cancers, survival for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has not improved in recent decades, suggesting the need to enhance risk stratification. Therefore, we conducted a genome-wide association study for event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) to identify genetic variants associated with outcomes in individuals with RMS. METHODS The study included 920 individuals with newly diagnosed RMS who were enrolled in Children's Oncology Group protocols. To assess the association of each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with EFS and OS, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for clinical covariates. All statistical tests were two sided. We also performed stratified analyses by histological subtype (alveolar and embryonal RMS) and carried out sensitivity analyses of statistically significant SNPs by PAX3/7-FOXO1 fusion status and genetic ancestry group. RESULTS We identified that rs17321084 was associated with worse EFS (HR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.59 to 2.53, P = 5.39 × 10-9) and rs10094840 was associated with worse OS (HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.48 to 2.27, P = 2.13 × 10-8). Using publicly available data, we found that rs17321084 lies in a binding region for transcription factors GATA2 and GATA3, and rs10094840 is associated with SPAG1 and RNF19A expression. We also identified that CTNNA3 rs2135732 (HR = 3.75, 95% CI = 2.34 to 5.99, P = 3.54 × 10-8) and MED31 rs74504320 (HR = 3.21, 95% CI = 2.12 to 4.86, P = 3.60 × 10-8) were associated with worse OS among individuals with alveolar RMS. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that common germline variants are associated with EFS and OS among individuals with RMS. Additional replication and investigation of these SNP effects may further support their consideration in risk stratification protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A Martin-Giacalone
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa A Richard
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pagna Sok
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priya B Shetty
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Meredith Yeager
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Deborah A Marquez-Do
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- QuadW Childhood Sarcoma Biostatistics and Annotation Office, Children’s Oncology Group, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - David Hall
- QuadW Childhood Sarcoma Biostatistics and Annotation Office, Children’s Oncology Group, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T McEvoy
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Austin L Brown
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen X Skapek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rajkumar Venkatramani
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MA, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu X, Xiao M, Xing Z, Jiang H, Zhu C, Zhang X, Li W, Wang Z, Wu F, Chen Y. Contributions of ARID5B, IKZF1, PIP4K2A, and GATA3 Gene Polymorphisms to Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Chinese Population. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:123-129. [PMID: 36952466 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the AT-rich interaction domain 5B (ARID5B), IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1), phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type 2 alpha (PIP4K2A), and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) genes may be associated with the susceptibility and prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The present study aimed to investigate the association of ARID5B rs10821936, IKZF1 rs4132601, PIP4K2A rs7088318, and GATA3 rs3824662 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility and prognosis of childhood ALL in China. We found that the C allele of rs10821936 (ARID5B) and the A allele of rs3824662 (GATA3) were associated with an increased risk of childhood ALL in the Chinese population. There was no significant difference in frequencies of rs4132601 (IKZF1) and rs7088318 (PIP4K2A) genotypes and alleles between the childhood ALL and control groups. We observed that CC genotype of rs10821936 (ARID5B) was associated with increased rates of high-risk and moderate-risk childhood ALL. The rs10821936 (ARID5B) could serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of childhood ALL in Chinese children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Laboratory, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Yang X, Sun Y, Li Z, Yang W, Ju B, Easton J, Pei D, Cheng C, Lee S, Pui CH, Yu J, Chi H, Yang JJ. Impact of T-cell immunity on chemotherapy response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2022; 140:1507-1521. [PMID: 35675514 PMCID: PMC9523375 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is highly responsive to chemotherapy, it is unknown how or which host immune factors influence the long-term remission of this cancer. To this end, we systematically evaluated the effects of T-cell immunity on Ph+ ALL therapy outcomes. Using a murine Arf-/-BCR-ABL1 B-cell ALL model, we showed that loss of T cells in the host drastically increased leukemia relapse after dasatinib or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Although ABL1 mutations emerged early during dasatinib treatment in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, T-cell immunity was essential for suppressing the outgrowth of drug-resistant leukemia. Bulk and single-cell transcriptome profiling of T cells during therapy pointed to the activation of type 1 immunity-related cytokine signaling being linked to long-term leukemia remission in mice. Consistent with these observations, interferon γ and interleukin 12 directly modulated dasatinib antileukemia efficacy in vivo. Finally, we evaluated peripheral blood immune cell composition in 102 children with ALL during chemotherapy and observed a significant association of T-cell abundance with treatment outcomes. Together, these results suggest that T-cell immunity plays pivotal roles in maintaining long-term remission of ALL, highlighting that the interplay between host immunity and drug resistance can be harnessed to improve ALL chemotherapy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Bensheng Ju
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Deqing Pei
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Shawn Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jun J Yang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leitão LPC, de Carvalho DC, Rodrigues JCG, Fernandes MR, Wanderley AV, Vinagre LWMS, da Silva NM, Pastana LF, Gellen LPA, Assunção MCE, Fernandes SSM, Pereira EEB, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AM, Guerreiro JF, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, de Assumpção PP, dos Santos SEB, dos Santos NPC. Identification of Genomic Variants Associated with the Risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Native Americans from Brazilian Amazonia. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060856. [PMID: 35743641 PMCID: PMC9224820 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genomic variants related to native American ancestry may be associated with an increased risk of developing Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), which means that Latin American and hispanic populations from the New World may be relatively susceptible to this disease. However, there has not yet been any comprehensive investigation of the variants associated with susceptibility to ALL in traditional Amerindian populations from Brazilian Amazonia. We investigated the exomes of the 18 principal genes associated with susceptibility to ALL in samples of 64 Amerindians from this region, including cancer-free individuals and patients with ALL. We compared the findings with the data on populations representing five continents available in the 1000 Genomes database. The variation in the allele frequencies found between the different groups was evaluated using Fisher’s exact test. The analyses of the exomes of the Brazilian Amerindians identified 125 variants, seven of which were new. The comparison of the allele frequencies between the two Amerindian groups analyzed in the present study (ALL patients vs. cancer-free individuals) identified six variants (rs11515, rs2765997, rs1053454, rs8068981, rs3764342, and rs2304465) that may be associated with susceptibility to ALL. These findings contribute to the identification of genetic variants that represent a potential risk for ALL in Amazonian Amerindian populations and might favor precision oncology measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P. C. Leitão
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas do Pará (FACIMPA), Marabá 68508-030, PA, Brazil
| | - Darlen C. de Carvalho
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
| | - Juliana C. G. Rodrigues
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
| | - Marianne R. Fernandes
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
| | - Alayde V. Wanderley
- Pediatrics Department, Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém 66063-240, PA, Brazil; (A.V.W.); (S.S.M.F.)
| | - Lui W. M. S. Vinagre
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
| | - Natasha M. da Silva
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
| | - Lucas F. Pastana
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
| | - Laura P. A. Gellen
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
| | - Matheus C. E. Assunção
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
| | - Sweny S. M. Fernandes
- Pediatrics Department, Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém 66063-240, PA, Brazil; (A.V.W.); (S.S.M.F.)
| | - Esdras E. B. Pereira
- Human and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (E.E.B.P.); (A.M.R.-D.-S.); (J.F.G.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
- Instituto Tocantinense Presidente Antônio Carlos (ITPAC), Abaetetuba 68440-000, PA, Brazil
| | - André M. Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Human and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (E.E.B.P.); (A.M.R.-D.-S.); (J.F.G.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
| | - João F. Guerreiro
- Human and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (E.E.B.P.); (A.M.R.-D.-S.); (J.F.G.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Human and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (E.E.B.P.); (A.M.R.-D.-S.); (J.F.G.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
| | - Paulo P. de Assumpção
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
| | - Sidney E. B. dos Santos
- Human and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (E.E.B.P.); (A.M.R.-D.-S.); (J.F.G.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
| | - Ney P. C. dos Santos
- Oncology Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (D.C.d.C.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (N.M.d.S.); (L.F.P.); (L.P.A.G.); (M.C.E.A.); (P.P.d.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(91)-3201-6778
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elucidating minimal residual disease of paediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by single-cell analysis. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:242-252. [PMID: 35145224 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Minimal residual disease that persists after chemotherapy is the most valuable prognostic marker for haematological malignancies and solid cancers. Unfortunately, our understanding of the resistance elicited in minimal residual disease is limited due to the rarity and heterogeneity of the residual cells. Here we generated 161,986 single-cell transcriptomes to analyse the dynamic changes of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) at diagnosis, residual and relapse by combining single-cell RNA sequencing and B-cell-receptor sequencing. In contrast to those at diagnosis, the leukaemic cells at relapse tended to shift to poorly differentiated states, whereas the changes in the residual cells were more complicated. Differential analyses highlighted the activation of the hypoxia pathway in residual cells, resistant clones and B-ALL with MLL rearrangement. Both in vitro and in vivo models demonstrated that inhibition of the hypoxia pathway sensitized leukaemic cells to chemotherapy. This single-cell analysis of minimal residual disease opens up an avenue for the identification of potent treatment opportunities for B-ALL.
Collapse
|
11
|
McEachron TA, Helman LJ. Recent Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5783-5799. [PMID: 34561271 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the field of pediatric cancer has experienced a shift in momentum, and this has led to new and exciting findings that have relevance beyond pediatric malignancies. Here we present the current status of key aspects of pediatric cancer research. We have focused on genetic and epigenetic drivers of disease, cellular origins of different pediatric cancers, disease models, the tumor microenvironment, and cellular immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee J Helman
- Osteosarcoma Institute, Dallas, Texas
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo H, Li N, Sun Y, Wu C, Deng H, Xu L, Yang X. MYBL2 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Susceptibility in Children. Front Oncol 2021; 11:734588. [PMID: 34568071 PMCID: PMC8456030 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.734588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although MYBL2 had been validated to participate in multiple cancers including leukemia, the role of MYBL2 polymorphisms in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was still not clear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between MYBL2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ALL risk in children. Methods A total of 687 pediatric ALL cases and 971 cancer-free controls from two hospitals in South China were recruited. A case-control study by genotyping three SNPs in the MYBL2 gene (rs285162 C>T, rs285207 A>C, and rs2070235 A>G) was conducted. The associations were assessed by odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and stratification analyses were conducted to explore the association of rs285207 with ALL risk in terms of age, sex, immunophenotype, risk level, and other clinical characteristics. The false-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis was performed to verify each significant finding. Functional analysis in silico was used to evaluate the probability that rs285207 might influence the regulation of MYBL2 . Results Our study demonstrated that rs285207 was related to a decreased ALL risk (adjusted OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.63-0.97, P = 0.022) in the dominant model. The associations of rs285207 with ALL risk appeared stronger in patients with pre B ALL (adjusted OR=0.56; 95% CI=0.38-0.84, P=0.004), with normal diploid (adjusted OR=0.73; 95% CI=0.57-0.95, P=0.017), with low risk (adjusted OR=0.68; 95% CI=0.49-0.94, P=0.021), with lower WBC (adjusted OR=0.62; 95% CI=0.43-0.87, P=0.007) or lower platelet level (adjusted OR=0.76; 95% CI=0.59-0.96, P=0.023). With FPRP analysis, the significant association between the rs285207 polymorphism and decreased ALL risk was still noteworthy (FPRP=0.128). Functional analysis showed that IKZF1 bound to DNA motif overlapping rs285207 and had a higher preference for the risk allele A. As for rs285162 C>T and rs2070235 A>G, no significant was found between them and ALL risk. Conclusion In this study, we revealed that rs285207 polymorphism decreased the ALL risk in children, and rs285207 might alter the binding to IKZF1, which indicated that the MYBL2 gene polymorphism might be a potential biomarker of childhood ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Sun
- Institute of Systems Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixia Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li C, Liang W, He Y, Zhao X, Qian J, Li Z, Jiang C, Zheng Q, Fu X, Zhang W, Liu H, Sun X, Qian M, Zhang H. Inherited GATA3 variant associated with positive minimal residual disease in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via asparaginase resistance. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e507. [PMID: 34459144 PMCID: PMC8382977 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Li
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Liang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyi He
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabi Qian
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziping Li
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Zheng
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmeng Fu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- Institute of Pediatrics and Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Children's Medical Center, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology of China Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martin-Giacalone BA, Weinstein PA, Plon SE, Lupo PJ. Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma: Epidemiology and Genetic Susceptibility. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2028. [PMID: 34065162 PMCID: PMC8125975 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10092028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children, yet little is known about its etiology. Studies that examine either environmental exposures or germline genetic predisposition in RMS have begun to identify factors that contribute to this malignancy. Here, we summarize epidemiological reports of RMS incidence in terms of several factors, including age at diagnosis, biological sex, and geographic location. We then describe findings from association studies, which explore the role of parental exposures, birth and perinatal characteristics, and childhood exposures in RMS. Further, we discuss RMS predisposition syndromes and large-scale sequencing studies that have further identified RMS-associated genes. Finally, we propose future directions of study, which aim to advance our understanding of the origin of RMS and can provide knowledge for novel RMS therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A. Martin-Giacalone
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.A.M.-G.); (P.A.W.); (S.E.P.)
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P. Adam Weinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.A.M.-G.); (P.A.W.); (S.E.P.)
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sharon E. Plon
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.A.M.-G.); (P.A.W.); (S.E.P.)
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.A.M.-G.); (P.A.W.); (S.E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spector LG, Turcotte LM. Germline Genetic Risk Stratification in ALL? GATA Get More Information. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:353-354. [PMID: 32894770 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lucie M Turcotte
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mroczek A, Zawitkowska J, Kowalczyk J, Lejman M. Comprehensive Overview of Gene Rearrangements in Childhood T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E808. [PMID: 33467425 PMCID: PMC7829804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a relevant form of childhood neoplasm, as it accounts for over 80% of all leukaemia cases. T-cell ALL constitutes a genetically heterogeneous cancer derived from T-lymphoid progenitors. The diagnosis of T-ALL is based on morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular features, thus the results are used for patient stratification. Due to the expression of surface and intracellular antigens, several subtypes of T-ALL can be distinguished. Although the aetiology of T-ALL remains unclear, a wide spectrum of rearrangements and mutations affecting crucial signalling pathways has been described so far. Due to intensive chemotherapy regimens and supportive care, overall cure rates of more than 80% in paediatric T-ALL patients have been accomplished. However, improved knowledge of the mechanisms of relapse, drug resistance, and determination of risk factors are crucial for patients in the high-risk group. Even though some residual disease studies have allowed the optimization of therapy, the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic markers is required to individualize therapy. The following review summarizes our current knowledge about genetic abnormalities in paediatric patients with T-ALL. As molecular biology techniques provide insights into the biology of cancer, our study focuses on new potential therapeutic targets and predictive factors which may improve the outcome of young patients with T-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mroczek
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jerzy Kowalczyk
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|