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Li X, Zeng H, Zhang L, Zhang J, Guo Y, Leng J. An integrated LC-MS/MS platform for noninvasive urinary nucleus acid adductomics: A pilot study for tobacco exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134780. [PMID: 38861899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke exposure significantly increases the level of global nucleoside damage. To evaluate all aspects of nucleic acid (NA) modifications, NA adductomics analyzes DNA, RNA and nucleobase adducts and provides comprehensive data. Liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS/MS) and LC-Zeno-TOF-MS/MS were employed to screen for DNA, RNA and nucleobase adducts, as part of the analytical platform that was designed to combine high sensitivity and high resolution detection. We identified and distinguished urine nucleoside adducts via precursor ion and neutral loss scanning. A total of 245 potential adducts were detected, of which 28 were known adducts. The smoking group had significantly higher concentrations of nucleoside adducts in rat urine than the control group, based on MRM scanning, which was then used to perform relative quantitative analysis of these adducts. Urine nucleoside adducts were further confirmed using LC-Zeno-TOF-MS/MS. This highlights the potential of untargeted detection methods to provide comprehensive data on both known and unknown adducts. These approaches can be used to investigate the interactions among oxidative and alkylation stresses, and epigenetic modifications caused by exposure to tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Jiapeng Leng
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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Armenian SH, Chao C. Burden of Morbidity and Mortality in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:735-742. [PMID: 37983585 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There are an estimated 650,00 survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers in the United States, a number that is expected to markedly increase in the coming decades. The recognition of the potential for some cancer treatments to affect the health of patients for many years after the initial diagnosis has prompted investigators to examine the evolving burden of late morbidity and mortality in AYAs with cancer after treatment completion. Studies in large international cohorts of AYA cancer survivors have now shown that the burden of late effects in survivors treated during the past four decades is substantial, affecting the health and well-being of the survivor, health systems' preparedness to meet their health care needs in the future, and societal economic costs that are largely affected by loss of productivity. We highlight the unique considerations for AYA cancer survivors, identify gaps in knowledge for future research, and provide an overview of emerging efforts to mitigate late effects in these survivors. Ongoing multidisciplinary bench-to-bedside collaborations are critical to understanding the biology of late effects in AYA cancer survivors and to developing personalized interventions to mitigate them. The growing population of AYA cancer survivors makes it imperative that these efforts extend across the cancer care continuum, which will allow survivors to ultimately live to their fullest potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saro H Armenian
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Division of Outcomes Research, Department of Population Science, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Chun Chao
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA
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Cheng X, Jiang J, Liang X, Zheng X. Development of a prognostic nomogram for lymph node positive HR +/HER2 - breast cancer patients: a study of SEER database and a Chinese cohort. Gland Surg 2023; 12:1541-1553. [PMID: 38107492 PMCID: PMC10721557 DOI: 10.21037/gs-23-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background The hormone receptor+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer (BC) patients account for the largest proportion in all patients and are still at high risk of long-range recurrence. This current study aimed to construct a prognostic nomogram to predict 3-year and 5-year BC-specific survival (BCSS) in HR+/HER2- BC patients with axillary lymph node metastasis. Methods A total of 25,338 HR+/HER2- patients with axillary lymph node-positive BC were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and randomly divided into the training (n=17,738) and validation (n=7,600) cohorts using a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression hazards were used to build a prognostic nomogram based on the training cohort. The nomogram was validated with two independent cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots were used to evaluate the performance of the model, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were applied to test the clinical utility of the risk stratification system. Results Twelve factors including age, race, marital status, grade, T stage, N stage, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and metastasis to the bone, brain, lung and liver were identified and incorporated to construct the nomogram (P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values at 3- and 5-year in the training and internal validation sets were 0.800, 0.800, 0.831 and 0.819, respectively, while those of the external set were 0.765 and 0.735, indicating a satisfactory discrimination with our nomogram. The calibration curves showed highly consistent results for the actual and predicted survival probabilities. Furthermore, patients were divided into three risk groups according to the total scores of the nomogram. The risk stratification system accurately differentiated between patients with different BCSS rates. Conclusions We constructed the first nomogram and corresponding risk stratification system to predict the 3-year and 5-year BCSS for HR+/HER2- patients with lymph node-positive BC, indicating a satisfactory accuracy and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Cheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junhan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinzhi Liang
- Department of Operation Room, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Watt GP, Smith SA, Howell RM, Pérez-Andújar A, Reiner AS, Cerviño L, McCormick B, Hess D, Knight JA, Malone KE, John EM, Bernstein L, Lynch CF, Mellemkjær L, Shore RE, Liang X, Woods M, Boice JD, Dauer LT, Bernstein JL. Trends in Radiation Dose to the Contralateral Breast During Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy. Radiat Res 2023; 200:331-339. [PMID: 37590492 PMCID: PMC10684055 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Over 4 million survivors of breast cancer live in the United States, 35% of whom were treated before 2009. Approximately half of patients with breast cancer receive radiation therapy, which exposes the untreated contralateral breast to radiation and increases the risk of a subsequent contralateral breast cancer (CBC). Radiation oncology has strived to reduce unwanted radiation dose, but it is unknown whether a corresponding decline in actual dose received to the untreated contralateral breast has occurred. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in unwanted contralateral breast radiation dose to inform risk assessment of second primary cancer in the contralateral breast for long-term survivors of breast cancer. Individually estimated radiation absorbed doses to the four quadrants and areola central area of the contralateral breast were estimated for 2,132 women treated with radiation therapy for local/regional breast cancers at age <55 years diagnosed between 1985 and 2008. The two inner quadrant doses and two outer quadrant doses were averaged. Trends in dose to each of the three areas of the contralateral breast were evaluated in multivariable models. The population impact of reducing contralateral breast dose on the incidence of radiation-associated CBC was assessed by estimating population attributable risk fraction (PAR) in a multivariable model. The median dose to the inner quadrants of the contralateral breast was 1.70 Gy; to the areola, 1.20 Gy; and to the outer quadrants, 0.72 Gy. Ninety-two percent of patients received ≥1 Gy to the inner quadrants. For each calendar year of diagnosis, dose declined significantly for each location, most rapidly for the inner quadrants (0.04 Gy/year). Declines in dose were similar across subgroups defined by age at diagnosis and body mass index. The PAR for CBC due to radiation exposure >1 Gy for women <40 years of age was 17%. Radiation dose-reduction measures have reduced dose to the contralateral breast during breast radiation therapy. Reducing the dose to the contralateral breast to <1 Gy could prevent an estimated 17% of subsequent radiation-associated CBCs for women treated under 40 years of age. These dose estimates inform CBC surveillance for the growing number of breast cancer survivors who received radiation therapy as young women in recent decades. Continued reductions in dose to the contralateral breast could further reduce the incidence of radiation-associated CBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon P. Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Susan A. Smith
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca M. Howell
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Anne S. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Beryl McCormick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Julia A. Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen E. Malone
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Esther M. John
- Departments of Epidemiology & Population Health and of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | | | | | - Roy E. Shore
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Meghan Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John D. Boice
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Jonine L. Bernstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Liao YC, Cheng TC, Tu SH, Chang J, Guo P, Chen LC, Ho YS. Tumor targeting and therapeutic assessments of RNA nanoparticles carrying α9-nAChR aptamer and anti-miR-21 in triple-negative breast cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:351-366. [PMID: 37547295 PMCID: PMC10400867 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly aggressive with a poor prognosis because of a lack of cell markers as drug targets. α9-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is expressed abundantly in TNBC; thus, it is a valuable biomarker for TNBC detection and treatment. In this study, we utilized thermodynamically stable three-way junction (3WJ) packaging RNA (pRNA) as the core to construct RNA nanoparticles with an α9-nAChR RNA aptamer as a targeting ligand and an anti-microRNA-21 (miR-21) as a therapeutic module. We compared the configuration of the two RNA nanoparticles and found that 3WJ-B-α9-nAChR-aptamer fluorescent RNA nanoparticles (3WJ-B-α9-apt-Alexa) exhibited better specificity for α9-nAChR in TNBC cells compared with 3WJ-C-α9-nAChR. Furthermore, 3WJ-B-α9-apt-Alexa bound more efficiently to TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors than 3WJ fluorescent RNA nanoparticles (3WJ-Alexa) with little or no accumulation in healthy organs after systemic injection in mice. Moreover, 3WJ-B-α9-nAChR-aptamer RNA nanoparticles carrying anti-miR-21 (3WJ-B-α9-apt-anti-miR-21) significantly suppressed TNBC-PDX tumor growth and induced cell apoptosis because of reduced miR-21 gene expression and upregulated the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) proteins. In addition, no pathological changes were detected upon toxicity examination of treated mice. In conclusion, the 3WJ-B-α9-nAChR-aptamer RNA nanoparticles established in this study efficiently deliver therapeutic anti-miR-21, indicating their potential as a novel TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Tu
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
- International Master/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
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Al-Shami K, Awadi S, Khamees A, Alsheikh AM, Al-Sharif S, Ala’ Bereshy R, Al-Eitan SF, Banikhaled SH, Al-Qudimat AR, Al-Zoubi RM, Al Zoubi MS. Estrogens and the risk of breast cancer: A narrative review of literature. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20224. [PMID: 37809638 PMCID: PMC10559995 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In female mammals, the development and regulation of the reproductive system and non-reproductive system are significantly influenced by estrogens (oestrogens). In addition, lipid metabolism is another physiological role of estrogens. Estrogens act through different types of receptors to introduce signals to the target cell by affecting many estrogen response elements. Breast cancer is considered mostly a hormone-dependent disease. Approximately 70% of breast cancers express progesterone receptors and/or estrogen receptors, and they are a good marker for cancer prognosis. This review will discuss estrogen metabolism and the interaction of estrogen metabolites with breast cancer. The carcinogenic role of estrogen is discussed in light of both conventional and atypical cancers susceptible to hormones, such as prostate, endometrial, and lung cancer, as we examine how estrogen contributes to the formation and activation of breast cancer. In addition, this review will discuss other factors that can be associated with estrogen-driven breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayry Al-Shami
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sajeda Awadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Almu'atasim Khamees
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of General Surgery, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, 11941, Jordan
| | | | - Sumaiya Al-Sharif
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Sharaf F. Al-Eitan
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmad R. Al-Qudimat
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raed M. Al-Zoubi
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Sung H, Siegel RL, Hyun N, Miller KD, Yabroff KR, Jemal A. Subsequent primary cancer risk among five-year survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1095-1108. [PMID: 35511931 PMCID: PMC9360462 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comprehensive examination of the incidence and mortality of subsequent primary cancers (SPCs) among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors in the US is lacking. METHODS Cancer incidence and mortality among 170,404 ≥ 5-year cancer survivors aged 15-39 years at first primary cancer diagnosis during 1975-2013 in 9 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries were compared to those in the general population using standardized incidence ratio (SIR), absolute excess incidence (AEI), standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and absolute excess mortality (AEM). RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 14.6 years, 13,420 SPC cases and 5,008 SPC deaths occurred among survivors (excluding the same-site as index cancer), corresponding to 25% higher incidence (95%CI = 1.23-1.27; AEI = 10.8 per 10,000) and 84% higher mortality (95%CI = 1.79-1.89; AEM = 9.2 per 10,000) than that in the general population. Overall SPC risk was statistically significantly higher for 20 of 29 index cancers for incidence and 26 for mortality, with the highest SIR among female Hodgkin lymphoma survivors (SIR = 3.05, 95%CI = 2.88-3.24; AEI = 73.0 per 10,000) and the highest SMR among small intestine cancer survivors (SMR = 6.97, 95%CI = 4.80-9.79; AEM = 64.1 per 10,000). Type-specific SPC risks varied substantially by index cancers; however, SPCs of the female breast, lung, and colorectum combined constituted 36% of all SPC cases and 39% of all SPC deaths, with lung cancer alone representing 11% and 24% of all cases and deaths, respectively. CONCLUSION AYA cancer survivors are almost twice as likely to die from a new primary cancer as the general population, highlighting the need for primary care clinicians to prioritize cancer prevention and targeted surveillance strategies in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Sung
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, US
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, US
| | - Noorie Hyun
- Division of Biostatistics, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, US
| | - Kimberly D Miller
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, US
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, US
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, US
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Li N, Feng LW, Li ZN, Wang J, Yang L. Construction and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict Overall Survival in Very Young Female Patients with Curatively Resected Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6181-6190. [PMID: 34393511 PMCID: PMC8354675 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s321917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Young age is an independent negative predictor of breast cancer (BC) survival and correlates with the risk of local recurrence and contralateral BC. We aimed to design an effective and comprehensive nomogram to predict prognosis in very young patients with curatively resected BC. Methods Female patients with a diagnosis of BC aged ≤35 years at presentation were identified from the SEER database as a training cohort. The validation cohort consisted of 1002 consecutive women with BC aged ≤35 years that had received curative resection for BC at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. A nomogram was built based on the identified variables in multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. The performance of the nomogram was quantified using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves. Results Overall, 10,872 young female patients who underwent surgery for BC were enrolled in the training cohort, while 1002 very young female BC patients were identified as independent validation cohort. Eight covariables (age, race, grade; ER, PR, and HER2 status; T, and N stages) were identified and incorporated to construct a nomogram. The C-index values of the nomogram were 0.727 (95% CI: 0.714–0.740) and 0.722 (95% CI: 0.666–0.778) for OS in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration curves showed a high degree of agreement between the predicted and actual observed survival rates in both training and validation cohorts. The nomogram displayed good calibration and acceptable discrimination. Based on the TPS of the nomogram model for OS with the X-tile program, patients were divided into 3 risk groups, which were easily discriminated on survival analyses for OS. Conclusion We have successfully constructed an effective nomogram to predict survival outcomes for young female patients with curatively resected BC, which may provide individual survival prediction to benefit prognosis evaluation and individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wen Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Nong Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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