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Philippova J, Shevchenko J, Sennikov S. GD2-targeting therapy: a comparative analysis of approaches and promising directions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371345. [PMID: 38558810 PMCID: PMC10979305 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Disialoganglioside GD2 is a promising target for immunotherapy with expression primarily restricted to neuroectodermal and epithelial tumor cells. Although its role in the maintenance and repair of neural tissue is well-established, its functions during normal organism development remain understudied. Meanwhile, studies have shown that GD2 plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Its functions include proliferation, invasion, motility, and metastasis, and its high expression and ability to transform the tumor microenvironment may be associated with a malignant phenotype. Structurally, GD2 is a glycosphingolipid that is stably expressed on the surface of tumor cells, making it a suitable candidate for targeting by antibodies or chimeric antigen receptors. Based on mouse monoclonal antibodies, chimeric and humanized antibodies and their combinations with cytokines, toxins, drugs, radionuclides, nanoparticles as well as chimeric antigen receptor have been developed. Furthermore, vaccines and photoimmunotherapy are being used to treat GD2-positive tumors, and GD2 aptamers can be used for targeting. In the field of cell therapy, allogeneic immunocompetent cells are also being utilized to enhance GD2 therapy. Efforts are currently being made to optimize the chimeric antigen receptor by modifying its design or by transducing not only αβ T cells, but also γδ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and macrophages. In addition, immunotherapy can combine both diagnostic and therapeutic methods, allowing for early detection of disease and minimal residual disease. This review discusses each immunotherapy method and strategy, its advantages and disadvantages, and highlights future directions for GD2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Nejatie A, Yee SS, Jeter A, Saragovi HU. The cancer glycocode as a family of diagnostic biomarkers, exemplified by tumor-associated gangliosides. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1261090. [PMID: 37954075 PMCID: PMC10637394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1261090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One unexploited family of cancer biomarkers comprise glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and glycolipids (the Tumor Glycocode).A class of glycolipid cancer biomarkers, the tumor-marker gangliosides (TMGs) are presented here as potential diagnostics for detecting cancer, especially at early stages, as the biological function of TMGs makes them etiological. We propose that a quantitative matrix of the Cancer Biomarker Glycocode and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms will expand the menu of validated cancer biomarkers as a step to resolve some of the challenges in cancer diagnosis, and yield a combination that can identify a specific cancer, in a tissue-agnostic manner especially at early stages, to enable early intervention. Diagnosis is critical to reducing cancer mortality but many cancers lack efficient and effective diagnostic tests, especially for early stage disease. Ideal diagnostic biomarkers are etiological, samples are preferably obtained via non-invasive methods (e.g. liquid biopsy of blood or urine), and are quantitated using assays that yield high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for efficient diagnosis, prognosis, or predicting response to therapy. Validated biomarkers with these features are rare. While the advent of proteomics and genomics has led to the identification of a multitude of proteins and nucleic acid sequences as cancer biomarkers, relatively few have been approved for clinical use. The use of multiplex arrays and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms offer the option of combining data of known biomarkers; however, for most, the sensitivity and the specificity are below acceptable criteria, and clinical validation has proven difficult. One strategic solution to this problem is to expand the biomarker families beyond those currently exploited. One unexploited family of cancer biomarkers comprise glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and glycolipids (the Tumor Glycocode). Here, we focus on a family of glycolipid cancer biomarkers, the tumor-marker gangliosides (TMGs). We discuss the diagnostic potential of TMGs for detecting cancer, especially at early stages. We include prior studies from the literature to summarize findings for ganglioside quantification, expression, detection, and biological function and its role in various cancers. We highlight the examples of TMGs exhibiting ideal properties of cancer diagnostic biomarkers, and the application of GD2 and GD3 for diagnosis of early stage cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. We propose that a quantitative matrix of the Cancer Biomarker Glycocode and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms will expand the menu of validated cancer biomarkers as a step to resolve some of the challenges in cancer diagnosis, and yield a combination that can identify a specific cancer, in a tissue-agnostic manner especially at early stages, to enable early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nejatie
- Center for Translational Research, Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samantha S. Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Horacio Uri Saragovi
- Center for Translational Research, Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ophthalmology and Vision Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Gupta R, Salave S, Rana D, Karunakaran B, Butreddy A, Benival D, Kommineni N. Versatility of Liposomes for Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery: A Special Focus on Various Therapeutic Areas. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051435. [PMID: 37242677 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics, specifically antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), can effectively modulate gene expression and protein function, leading to long-lasting curative effects. The hydrophilic nature and large size of oligonucleotides present translational challenges, which have led to the exploration of various chemical modifications and delivery systems. The present review provides insights into the potential role of liposomes as a drug delivery system for ASOs. The potential benefits of liposomes as an ASO carrier, along with their method of preparation, characterization, routes of administration, and stability aspects, have been thoroughly discussed. A novel perspective in terms of therapeutic applications of liposomal ASO delivery in several diseases such as cancer, respiratory disease, ophthalmic delivery, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal disease, neuronal disorders, hematological malignancies, myotonic dystrophy, and neuronal disorders remains the major highlights of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Gupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Bharathi Karunakaran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Derajram Benival
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
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Neganova ME, Aleksandrova YR, Sukocheva OA, Klochkov SG. Benefits and limitations of nanomedicine treatment of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:805-833. [PMID: 35779712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, including brain cancers, is limited by a number of obstructions, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the heterogeneity and high invasiveness of tumors, the inaccessibility of tissues for early diagnosis and effective surgery, and anti-cancer drug resistance. Therapies employing nanomedicine have been shown to facilitate drug penetration across the BBB and maintain biodistribution and accumulation of therapeutic agents at the desired target site. The application of lipid-, polymer-, or metal-based nanocarriers represents an advanced drug delivery system for a growing group of anti-cancer chemicals. The nanocarrier surface is designed to contain an active ligand (cancer cell marker or antibody)-binding structure which can be modified to target specific cancer cells. Glioblastoma, ependymoma, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and primary CNS lymphomas were recently targeted by easily absorbed nanocarriers. The metal- (such as transferrin drug-loaded systems), polymer- (nanocapsules and nanospheres), or lipid- (such as sulfatide-containing nanoliposomes)-based nano-vehicles were loaded with apoptosis- and/or ferroptosis-stimulating agents and demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects. This review aims to discuss effective nanomedicine approaches designed to overcome the current limitations in the therapy of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. To accent current obstacles for successful CNS-based cancer therapy, we discuss nanomedicine perspectives and limitations of nanodrug use associated with the specificity of nervous tissue characteristics and the effects nanocarriers have on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
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Carvalheiro M, Ferreira-Silva M, Holovanchuk D, Marinho HS, Moreira JN, Soares H, Corvo ML, Cruz MEM. Antagonist G-targeted liposomes for improved delivery of anticancer drugs in small cell lung carcinoma. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121380. [PMID: 34915142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-mediated targeted liposomes have the potential to increase therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. This work aimed to evaluate the ability of antagonist G, a peptide targeting agent capable of blocking the action of multiple neuropeptides, to selectivity improve targeting and internalization of liposomal formulations (long circulating liposomes, LCL, and stabilized antisense lipid particles containing ionizable amino lipid, SALP) to H69 and H82 small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines. Antagonist G-targeted LCL and SALP were prepared by two different methods (either by direct covalent linkage at activated PEG grafted onto the liposomal surface or by post-insertion of DSPE-PEG-antagonist-G-conjugates into pre-formed liposomes). Association of the liposomal formulations with target SCLC cells was studied by fluorescence microscopy using fluorescence-labelled liposomes and confirmed quantitatively with [3H]-CHE-labelled liposomes. An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against the overexpressed oncogene c-myc(as(c-myc)) was efficiently loaded into SALP formulations, the encapsulation efficiency decreased due to the inclusion of the targeting ligand. Also, liposome size was affected by as(c-myc) physical chemical properties. The amount of antagonist G linked to the surface of the liposomal formulations was dependent on the coupling method and lipid composition used. Covalent attachment of antagonist G increased liposomes cellular association and internalization via receptor-mediated and clathrin-dependent endocytosis, as assessed in SCLC cell lines. Biodistribution studies in healthy mice revealed a preferential lung accumulation of antagonist G-targeted SALP as compared to the non-targeted counterpart. Lung levels of the former were up to 3-fold higher 24 h after administration, highlighting their potential to be used as delivery vectors for SCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Carvalheiro
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Farmácia, Farmacologia e Tecnologias em Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Ferreira-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Denys Holovanchuk
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Susana Marinho
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; UC - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Luisa Corvo
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Farmácia, Farmacologia e Tecnologias em Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria Eugénia M Cruz
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination is so far the most effective way of eradicating infections. Rapidly emerging drug resistance against infectious diseases and chemotherapy-related toxicities in cancer warrant immediate vaccine development to save mankind. Subunit vaccines alone, however, fail to elicit sufficiently strong and long-lasting protective immunity against deadly pathogens. Nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery vehicles like microemulsions, liposomes, virosomes, nanogels, micelles and dendrimers offer promising strategies to overcome limitations of traditional vaccine adjuvants. Nanovaccines can improve targeted delivery, antigen presentation, stimulation of body's innate immunity, strong T cell response combined with safety to combat infectious diseases and cancers. Further, nanovaccines can be highly beneficial to generate effective immutherapeutic formulations against cancer. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the emerging nanoparticle strategies highlighting their success and challenges in preclinical and clinical trials in infectious diseases and cancer. It provides a concise overview of current nanoparticle-based vaccines, their adjuvant potential and their cellular delivery mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION The nanovaccines (50-250 nm in size) are most efficient in terms of tissue targeting, prolonged circulation and preferential uptake by the professional APCs chiefly due to their small size. More rational designing, improved antigen loading, extensive functionalization and targeted delivery are some of the future goals of ideal nanovaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Paraboschi I, Privitera L, Kramer-Marek G, Anderson J, Giuliani S. Novel Treatments and Technologies Applied to the Cure of Neuroblastoma. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:482. [PMID: 34200194 PMCID: PMC8226870 DOI: 10.3390/children8060482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumour in childhood, accounting for approximately 15% of all cancer-related deaths in the paediatric population1. It is characterised by heterogeneous clinical behaviour in neonates and often adverse outcomes in toddlers. The overall survival of children with high-risk disease is around 40-50% despite the aggressive treatment protocols consisting of intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation2,3. There is an ongoing research effort to increase NB's cellular and molecular biology knowledge to translate essential findings into novel treatment strategies. This review aims to address new therapeutic modalities emerging from preclinical studies offering a unique translational opportunity for NB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paraboschi
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional & Surgical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (I.P.); (L.P.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK;
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Laura Privitera
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional & Surgical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (I.P.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK;
| | - John Anderson
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Stefano Giuliani
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional & Surgical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (I.P.); (L.P.)
- Department of Specialist Neonatal and Pediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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Lin Y, Villacanas MG, Zou H, Liu H, Carcedo IG, Wu Y, Sun B, Wu X, Prasadam I, Monteiro MJ, Li L, Xu ZP, Gu W. Calcium-bisphosphonate Nanoparticle Platform as a Prolonged Nanodrug and Bone-Targeted Delivery System for Bone Diseases and Cancers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2490-2501. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Lin
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Maria G. Villacanas
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hong Zou
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Pathology/Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Hangrui Liu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ines G. Carcedo
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yilun Wu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bing Sun
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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van den Bosch MT, Yahyanejad S, Alemdehy MF, Telford BJ, de Gunst T, den Boer HC, Vos RM, Stegink M, van Pinxteren LA, Schaapveld RQ, Janicot M. Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals insight into tumor suppressor functions of 1B3, a novel synthetic miR-193a-3p mimic. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:1161-1171. [PMID: 33664995 PMCID: PMC7896128 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data show that microRNA 193a-3p (miR-193a-3p) has a suppressive role in many cancers and is often downregulated in tumors, as compared to surrounding normal tissues. Therefore, mimics of miR-193a-3p could be used as an attractive therapeutic approach in oncology. To better understand and document the molecular mechanism of action of 1B3, a novel synthetic miRNA-193a-3p mimic, RNA sequencing was performed after transfection of 1B3 in six different human tumor cell lines. Genes differentially expressed (DE) in at least three cell lines were mapped by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and interestingly, these results strongly indicated upregulation of the tumor-suppressive phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) pathway, as well as downregulation of many oncogenic growth factor signaling pathways. Importantly, although unsurprisingly, IPA identified miR-193a-3p as a strong upstream regulator of DE genes in an unbiased manner. Furthermore, biological function analysis pointed to an extensive link of 1B3 with cancer, via expected effects on tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration, and cell death. Our data strongly suggest that miR-193a-3p/1B3 is a potent tumor suppressor agent that targets various key oncogenic pathways across cancer types. Therefore, the introduction of 1B3 into tumor cells may represent a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanaz Yahyanejad
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bryony J. Telford
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs de Gunst
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harm C. den Boer
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier M. Vos
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Stegink
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michel Janicot
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Moro M, Di Paolo D, Milione M, Centonze G, Bornaghi V, Borzi C, Gandellini P, Perri P, Pastorino U, Ponzoni M, Sozzi G, Fortunato O. Coated cationic lipid-nanoparticles entrapping miR-660 inhibit tumor growth in patient-derived xenografts lung cancer models. J Control Release 2019; 308:44-56. [PMID: 31299263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Late diagnosis and inadequate therapies contribute to poor outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs and are involved in lung cancer development. Because miRNAs simultaneously regulate several cancer-related genes, they represent an interesting therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. We have developed Coated Cationic Lipid-nanoparticles entrapping miR-660 (CCL660) and intraperitoneally administered (1.5 mg/Kg) twice a week for four weeks into SCID mice carrying subcutaneously lung cancer Patients Derived Xenografts (PDXs). Obtained data demonstrated that miR-660 is down-regulated in lung cancer patients and that its replacement inhibited lung cancer growth by inhibiting the MDM2-P53 axis. Furthermore, systemic delivery of CCL660 increased miRNA levels in tumors and significantly reduced tumor growth in two different P53 wild-type PDXs without off-target effects. MiR-660 administration reduced cancer cells proliferation by inhibiting MDM2 and restoring P53 function and its downstream effectors such as p21. Interestingly, anti-tumoral effects of CCL660 also in P53 mutant PDXs but with a functional p21 pathway were observed. Stable miR-660 expression inhibited the capacity of H460 metastatic lung cancer cells to form lung nodules when injected intravenously into SCID mice suggesting a potential role of miR-660 in metastatic dissemination. To investigate the potential toxic effects of both miRNAs and delivery agents, an in vitro approach revealed that miR-660 replacement did not induce any changes in both mouse and human normal cells. Interestingly, lipid-nanoparticle delivery of synthetic miR-660 had no immunological off-target or acute/chronic toxic effects on immunocompetent mice. Altogether, our results highlight the potential role of coated cationic lipid-nanoparticles entrapping miR-660 in lung cancer treatment without inducing immune-related toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Moro
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Paolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Centonze
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Bornaghi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Borzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gandellini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Patrizia Perri
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ugo Pastorino
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Orazio Fortunato
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Kholodenko RV, Kalinovsky DV, Doronin II, Ponomarev ED, Kholodenko IV. Antibody Fragments as Potential Biopharmaceuticals for Cancer Therapy: Success and Limitations. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:396-426. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170817152554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of therapeutic agents approved for the therapy of many types of malignancies. However, in certain cases applications of conventional mAbs have several limitations in anticancer immunotherapy. These limitations include insufficient efficacy and adverse effects. The antigen-binding fragments of antibodies have a considerable potential to overcome the disadvantages of conventional mAbs, such as poor penetration into solid tumors and Fc-mediated bystander activation of the immune system. Fragments of antibodies retain antigen specificity and part of functional properties of conventional mAbs and at the same time have much better penetration into the tumors and a greatly reduced level of adverse effects. Recent advantages in antibody engineering allowed to produce different types of antibody fragments with improved structure and properties for efficient elimination of tumor cells. These molecules opened up new perspectives for anticancer therapy. Here, we will overview the structural features of the various types of antibody fragments and their applications for anticancer therapy as separate molecules and as part of complex conjugates or structures. Mechanisms of antitumor action of antibody fragments as well as their advantages and disadvantages for clinical application will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Daniel V. Kalinovsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I. Doronin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene D. Ponomarev
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Brain, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong
| | - Irina V. Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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12
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Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Neuroblastoma and Malignant Melanoma. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8097398. [PMID: 30510968 PMCID: PMC6232800 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8097398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) and malignant melanoma (MM), tumors of pediatric age and adulthood, respectively, share a common origin, both of them deriving from the neural crest cells. Although NB and MM have a different behavior, in respect to age of onset, primary tissue involvement and metastatic spread, the prognosis for high stage-affected patients is still poor, in spite of aggressive treatment strategies and the huge amount of new discovered biological knowledge. For these reasons researchers are continuously attempting to find out new treatment options, which in a near future could be translated to the clinical practice. In the last two decades, a strong effort has been spent in the field of translational research of immunotherapy which led to satisfactory results. Indeed, several immunotherapeutic clinical trials have been performed and some of them also resulted beneficial. Here, we summarize preclinical studies based on immunotherapeutic approaches applied in models of both NB and MM.
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13
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Kholodenko IV, Kalinovsky DV, Doronin II, Deyev SM, Kholodenko RV. Neuroblastoma Origin and Therapeutic Targets for Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:7394268. [PMID: 30116755 PMCID: PMC6079467 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7394268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric solid cancer of heterogeneous clinical behavior. The unique features of this type of cancer frequently hamper the process of determining clinical presentation and predicting therapy effectiveness. The tumor can spontaneously regress without treatment or actively develop and give rise to metastases despite aggressive multimodal therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has become one of the most promising approaches to the treatment of neuroblastoma. Still, only one drug for targeted immunotherapy of neuroblastoma, chimeric monoclonal GD2-specific antibodies, is used in the clinic today, and its application has significant limitations. In this regard, the development of effective and safe GD2-targeted immunotherapies and analysis of other potential molecular targets for the treatment of neuroblastoma represents an important and topical task. The review summarizes biological characteristics of the origin and development of neuroblastoma and outlines molecular markers of neuroblastoma and modern immunotherapy approaches directed towards these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kholodenko
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Daniel V. Kalinovsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Igor I. Doronin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Real Target LLC, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Roman V. Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Real Target LLC, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
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14
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Liu X, Xu Y, Han L, Yi Y. Reassessing the Potential of Myb-targeted Anti-cancer Therapy. J Cancer 2018; 9:1259-1266. [PMID: 29675107 PMCID: PMC5907674 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor MYB is essential for the tumorigenesis of multiple cancers, especially leukemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, adenoid cystic carcinoma and brain cancer. Thus, MYB has been regarded as an attractive target for tumor therapy. However, pioneer studies of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against MYB, which were launched three decades ago in leukemia therapy, were discontinued because of their unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. In recent years, the roles of MYB in tumor transformation have become increasingly clear. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms of MYB, such as the vital effects of MYB co-regulators on MYB activity and of transcriptional elongation on MYB expression, have been unveiled. These observations have underpinned novel approaches in inhibiting MYB. This review discusses the structure, function and regulation of MYB, focusing on recent insights into MYB-associated oncogenesis and how MYB-targeted therapeutics can be explored. Additionally, the main MYB-targeted therapies, including novel genetic therapy, RNA interference, microRNAs and low-molecular-weight compounds, which are especially promising inhibitors that target MYB co-regulators and transcriptional elongation, are described, and their prospects are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Xu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Liping Han
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yi
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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15
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Di Paolo D, Pastorino F, Brignole C, Marimpietri D, Loi M, Ponzoni M, Pagnan G. Drug Delivery Systems: Application of Liposomal Anti-Tumor Agents to Neuroectodermal Cancer Treatment. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:246-53. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated neuroectoderma-derived tumors, mainly neuroblastoma in childhood and melanoma in the adulthood, are refractory to most current therapeutic regimens and hence the prognosis remains very poor. Preclinical research studies have indicated several agents that show promising therapeutic potential for these neoplasms. However, there appears to be a limitation to their in vivo applicability, mainly due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties that lead to insufficient drug delivery to the tumor or metastatic sites or to high systemic or organ-specific toxicity. In this scenario, the focus is on targeted cancer therapy. Encapsulating anticancer drugs in liposomes enables targeted drug delivery to tumor tissue and prevents damage to the normal surrounding tissue. Indeed, sterically stabilized liposomes have been shown to enhance the selective localization of entrapped drugs to solid tumors, with improvements in therapeutic indices. The identification of tumor-associated antigens and/or genes and the relative ease of manipulating the physicochemical features of liposome hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies that selectively target tumor cells. Combined targeting is still investigated, especially the availability to simultaneously target and kill both the cancer cells and the tumor vasculature. Animal models make it possible to link molecular genetics and biochemistry information to the physiological basis of disease and are important predictive tools that offer a frontline testing system for studying the involvement of specific genes and the efficacy of novel therapeutics approaches. Relevant experimental models of human neuroblastoma and melanoma, which better reflect the tumor behavior in patients, are required to evaluate the effectiveness of the various targeted liposomal formulations and their possible systemic and organ-specific toxicity. The most multifunctional targeted liposomes are herein described, with primary attention on testing their efficacy in clinically relevant animal models for the treatment of neuroblastoma and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Paolo
- Experimental Therapies Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Pastorino
- Experimental Therapies Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Brignole
- Experimental Therapies Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Experimental Therapies Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Loi
- Experimental Therapies Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Experimental Therapies Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pagnan
- Experimental Therapies Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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16
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current therapeutic approaches for high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) include high-dose chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy; interventions that are associated with long and short-term toxicities. Effective immunotherapy holds particular promise for improving survival and quality of life by reducing exposure to cytotoxic agents. GD2, a surface glycolipid is the most common target for immunotherapy. Areas covered: We review the status of anti-GD2 immunotherapies currently in clinical use for neuroblastomas and novel GD2-targeted strategies in preclinical development. Expert commentary: Anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies are associated with improved survival in patients in their first remission and are increasingly being used for chemorefractory and relapsed neuroblastoma. As protein engineering technology has become more accessible, newer antibody constructs are being tested. GD2 is also being targeted by natural killer cells and T-cells. Active immunity can be elicited by anti-GD2 vaccines. The rational combination of currently available and soon-to-emerge immunotherapeutic approaches, and their integration into conventional multimodality therapies will require further investigation to optimize their use for HR-NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Sait
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shakeel I. Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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17
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Abstract
An alarming number of papers from laboratories nominating new cancer drug targets contain findings that cannot be reproduced by others or are simply not robust enough to justify drug discovery efforts. This problem probably has many causes, including an underappreciation of the danger of being misled by off-target effects when using pharmacological or genetic perturbants in complex biological assays. This danger is particularly acute when, as is often the case in cancer pharmacology, the biological phenotype being measured is a 'down' readout (such as decreased proliferation, decreased viability or decreased tumour growth) that could simply reflect a nonspecific loss of cellular fitness. These problems are compounded by multiple hypothesis testing, such as when candidate targets emerge from high-throughput screens that interrogate multiple targets in parallel, and by a publication and promotion system that preferentially rewards positive findings. In this Perspective, I outline some of the common pitfalls in preclinical cancer target identification and some potential approaches to mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Kaelin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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18
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Perez Horta Z, Goldberg JL, Sondel PM. Anti-GD2 mAbs and next-generation mAb-based agents for cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:1097-117. [PMID: 27485082 PMCID: PMC5619016 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have demonstrated efficacy in the clinic, becoming an important approach for cancer immunotherapy. Due to its limited expression on normal tissue, the GD2 disialogangloside expressed on neuroblastoma cells is an excellent candidate for mAb therapy. In 2015, dinutuximab (an anti-GD2 mAb) was approved by the US FDA and is currently used in a combination immunotherapeutic regimen for the treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Here, we review the extensive preclinical and clinical development of anti-GD2 mAbs and the different mechanisms by which they mediate tumor cell killing. In addition, we discuss different mAb-based strategies that capitalize on the targeting ability of anti-GD2 mAbs to potentially deliver, as monotherapy, or in combination with other treatments, improved antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob L Goldberg
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics & Genetics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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19
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Piaggio F, Kondylis V, Pastorino F, Di Paolo D, Perri P, Cossu I, Schorn F, Marinaccio C, Murgia D, Daga A, Raggi F, Loi M, Emionite L, Ognio E, Pasparakis M, Ribatti D, Ponzoni M, Brignole C. A novel liposomal Clodronate depletes tumor-associated macrophages in primary and metastatic melanoma: Anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects. J Control Release 2015; 223:165-177. [PMID: 26742942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Piaggio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - V Kondylis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - F Pastorino
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - D Di Paolo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - P Perri
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - I Cossu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - F Schorn
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - C Marinaccio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - D Murgia
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - A Daga
- Laboratorio di Trasferimento Genico, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - F Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - M Loi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - L Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - E Ognio
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - M Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - D Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - M Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
| | - C Brignole
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
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20
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Meissner JM, Toporkiewicz M, Czogalla A, Matusewicz L, Kuliczkowski K, Sikorski AF. Novel antisense therapeutics delivery systems: In vitro and in vivo studies of liposomes targeted with anti-CD20 antibody. J Control Release 2015; 220:515-528. [PMID: 26585505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Antisense gene therapy using molecules such as antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, siRNA or miRNA is a very promising strategy for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. It can be combined with other treatment strategies to enhance therapeutic effect. In acute leukemias, overexpression of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2 is observed in more than 70% of cases. Therefore, reduction of the Bcl-2 protein level could, in itself, prevent the development of cancer or could possibly help sensitize cancer cells to apoptosis inducers. The main objective of our work is to develop therapeutic liposome formulations characterized by high transfection efficiency, stability in the presence of serum, as well as specificity and toxicity for target (leukemic) cells. Each of our liposomal formulations consists of a core composed of antisense oligonucleotides complexed by either cationic lipid, DOTAP, or a synthetic polycation, polyethyleneimine, encapsulated within liposomes modified with polyethylenoglycol. In addition, the liposomal shells are enriched with covalently-bound antibodies recognizing a well characterized bio-marker, CD20, exposed on the surface of leukemia cells. The resulting immunoliposomes selectively and effectively reduced the expression of BCL2 in target cells. Model animal experiments carried out on mice-engrafted tumors expressing the specific marker showed high efficiency of the liposome formulations against specific tumor development. In conclusion, we show that lipid formulations based on a polyplex or lipoplex backbone additionally equipped with antibodies are promising non-viral vectors for specific oligonucleotide transfer into human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M Meissner
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Biotechnology Faculty, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Kożuchowska 5b, 50-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Toporkiewicz
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Biotechnology Faculty, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Biotechnology Faculty, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucyna Matusewicz
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Biotechnology Faculty, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
- Wrocław Medical University, Department and Clinic of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms, and Bone Marrow Transplantation ul. L, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander F Sikorski
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Biotechnology Faculty, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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21
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Wang Y, Miao L, Satterlee A, Huang L. Delivery of oligonucleotides with lipid nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 87:68-80. [PMID: 25733311 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since their inception in the 1980s, oligonucleotide-based (ON-based) therapeutics have been recognized as powerful tools that can treat a broad spectrum of diseases. The discoveries of novel regulatory methods of gene expression with diverse mechanisms of action are still driving the development of novel ON-based therapeutics. Difficulties in the delivery of this class of therapeutics hinder their in vivo applications, which forces drug delivery systems to be a prerequisite for clinical translation. This review discusses the strategy of using lipid nanoparticles as carriers to deliver therapeutic ONs to target cells in vitro and in vivo. A discourse on how chemical and physical properties of the lipid materials could be utilized during formulation and the resulting effects on delivery efficiency constitutes the major part of this review.
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22
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Fernandes E, Ferreira JA, Andreia P, Luís L, Barroso S, Sarmento B, Santos LL. New trends in guided nanotherapies for digestive cancers: A systematic review. J Control Release 2015; 209:288-307. [PMID: 25957905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Digestive tract tumors are among the most common and deadliest malignancies worldwide, mainly due to late diagnosis and lack of efficient therapeutics. Current treatments essentially rely on surgery associated with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy agents. Despite an upfront response, conventional drugs often fail to eliminate highly aggressive clones endowed with chemoresistant properties, which are responsible for tumor recurrence and disease dissemination. Synthetic drugs also present severe adverse systemic effects, hampering the administration of biologically effective dosages. Nanoencapsulation of chemotherapeutic agents within biocompatible polymeric or lipid matrices holds great potential to improve the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of conventional chemotherapy while reducing systemic toxicity. Tagging nanoparticle surfaces with specific ligands for cancer cells, namely monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments, has provided means to target more aggressive clones, further improving the selectivity and efficacy of nanodelivery vehicles. In fact, over the past twenty years, significant research has translated into a wide array of guided nanoparticles, providing the molecular background for a new generation of intelligent and more effective anti-cancer agents. Attempting to bring awareness among the medical community to emerging targeted nanopharmaceuticals and foster advances in the field, we have conducted a systematic review about this matter. Emphasis was set on ongoing preclinical and clinical trials for liver, colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancers. To the best of our knowledge this is the first systematic and integrated overview on this field. Using a specific query, 433 abstracts were gathered and narrowed to 47 manuscripts when matched against inclusion/exclusion criteria. All studies showed that active targeting improves the effectiveness of the nanodrugs alone, while lowering its side effects. The main focus has been on hepatocarcinomas, mainly by exploring glycans as homing molecules. Other ligands such as peptides/small proteins and antibodies/antibody fragments, with affinity to either tumor vasculature or tumor cells, have also been widely and successfully applied to guide nanodrugs to gastrointestinal carcinomas. Conversely, few solutions have been presented for pancreatic tumors. To this date only three nanocomplexes have progressed beyond pre-clinical stages: i) PK2, a galactosamine-functionalized polymeric-DOX formulation for hepatocarcinomas; ii) MCC-465, an anti-(myosin heavy chain a) immunoliposome for advanced stage metastatic solid tumors; and iii) MBP-426, a transferrin-liposome-oxaliplatin conjugate, also for advanced stage tumors. Still, none has been approved for clinical use. However, based on the high amount of pre-clinical studies showing enthusiastic results, the number of clinical trials is expected to increase in the near future. A more profound understanding about the molecular nature of chemoresistant clones and cancer stem cell biology will also contribute to boost the field of guided nanopharmacology towards more effective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Fernandes
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; Mass Spectrometry Center, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Peixoto Andreia
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lima Luís
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; Nucleo de Investigação em Farmácia - Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Health School of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Barroso
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; Health School of University of Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
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23
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Abstract
Ganglioside GD2 is a tumor-associated surface antigen found in a broad spectrum of human cancers and stem cells. They include pediatric embryonal tumors (neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, brain tumors, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma), as well as adult cancers (small cell lung cancer, melanoma, soft tissue sarcomas). Because of its restricted normal tissue distribution, GD2 has been proven safe for antibody targeting. Anti-GD2 antibody is now incorporated into the standard of care for the treatment of high-risk metastatic neuroblastoma. Building on this experience, novel combinations of antibodies, cytokines, cells, and genetically engineered products all directed at GD2 are rapidly moving into the clinic. In this review, past and present immunotherapy trials directed at GD2 will be summarized, highlighting the lessons learned and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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24
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Sosnik A, Carcaboso AM. Nanomedicines in the future of pediatric therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 73:140-61. [PMID: 24819219 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become a key tool to overcome the main (bio)pharmaceutical drawbacks of drugs and to enable their passive or active targeting to specific cells and tissues. Pediatric therapies usually rely on the previous clinical experience in adults. However, there exists scientific evidence that drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children differ from those in adults. For example, the interaction of specific drugs with their target receptors undergoes changes over the maturation of the different organs and systems. A similar phenomenon is observed for toxicity and adverse effects. Thus, it is clear that the treatment of disease in children cannot be simplified to the direct adjustment of the dose to the body weight/surface. In this context, the implementation of innovative technologies (e.g., nanotechnology) in the pediatric population becomes extremely challenging. The present article overviews the different attempts to use nanotechnology to treat diseases in the pediatric population. Due to the relevance, though limited available literature on the matter, we initially describe from preliminary in vitro studies to preclinical and clinical trials aiming to treat pediatric infectious diseases and pediatric solid tumors by means of nanotechnology. Then, the perspectives of pediatric nanomedicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sosnik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona 08950, Spain
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Brown BS, Patanam T, Mobli K, Celia C, Zage PE, Bean AJ, Tasciotti E. Etoposide-loaded immunoliposomes as active targeting agents for GD2-positive malignancies. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:851-61. [PMID: 24755919 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapeutics remain the standard of care for most malignancies even though they frequently suffer from narrow therapeutic index, poor serum solubility, and off-target effects. In this study, we have encapsulated etoposide, a topoisomerase inhibitor effective against a wide range of cancers, in surface-modified liposomes decorated with anti-GD2 antibodies. We characterized the properties of the liposomes using a variety of methods including dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. We examined whether these immunoliposomes were able to target cell lines expressing varying levels of surface GD2 and affect cellular proliferation. Anti-GD2 liposomes were generally targeted in a manner that correlated with GD2 expression and inhibited proliferation in cell lines to which they were efficiently targeted. The mechanism by which the immunoliposomes entered targeted cells appeared to be via clathrin-dependent uptake as demonstrated using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. These studies suggest that anti-GD2-targeted, etoposide-loaded liposomes represent a potential strategy for more effective delivery of anti-cancer drugs that could be used for GD2 positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Brown
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston, TX USA; Department of Nanomedicine; The Methodist Hospital Research Institute; Houston, TX USA
| | - Tariq Patanam
- Department of Nanomedicine; The Methodist Hospital Research Institute; Houston, TX USA
| | - Keyan Mobli
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston, TX USA; Department of Nanomedicine; The Methodist Hospital Research Institute; Houston, TX USA
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Nanomedicine; The Methodist Hospital Research Institute; Houston, TX USA; Department of Pharmacy; University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti; Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Peter E Zage
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA; Section of Hematology-Oncology; Department of Pediatrics; Texas Children's Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA
| | - Andrew J Bean
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston, TX USA; Division of Pediatrics; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Nanomedicine; The Methodist Hospital Research Institute; Houston, TX USA
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Wilson KD, Tam YK. Lipid-based delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides for cancer immunotherapy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 2:181-93. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2.2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ahmed M, Cheung NKV. Engineering anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:288-97. [PMID: 24295643 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ganglioside GD2 is highly expressed on neuroectoderm-derived tumors and sarcomas, including neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma, small cell lung cancer, brain tumors, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma in children and adolescents, as well as liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and other soft tissue sarcomas in adults. Since GD2 expression in normal tissues is restricted to the brain, which is inaccessible to circulating antibodies, and in selected peripheral nerves and melanocytes, it was deemed a suitable target for systemic tumor immunotherapy. Anti-GD2 antibodies have been actively tested in clinical trials for neuroblastoma for over the past two decades, with proven safety and efficacy. The main limitations have been acute pain toxicity associated with GD2 expression on peripheral nerve fibers and the inability of antibodies to treat bulky tumor. Several strategies have been developed to reduce pain toxicity, including bypassing complement activation, using blocking antibodies, or targeting of O-acetyl-GD2 derivative that is not expressed on peripheral nerves. To enhance anti-tumor efficacy, anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies and fragments have been engineered into immunocytokines, immunotoxins, antibody drug conjugates, radiolabeled antibodies, targeted nanoparticles, T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptors. The challenges of these approaches will be reviewed to build a perspective for next generation anti-GD2 therapeutics in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahiuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Kroesen M, Nierkens S, Ansems M, Wassink M, Orentas RJ, Boon L, den Brok MH, Hoogerbrugge PM, Adema GJ. A transplantable TH-MYCN transgenic tumor model in C57Bl/6 mice for preclinical immunological studies in neuroblastoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1335-45. [PMID: 24038106 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current multimodal treatments for patients with neuroblastoma (NBL), including anti-disialoganglioside (GD2) monoclonal antibody (mAb) based immunotherapy, result in a favorable outcome in around only half of the patients with advanced disease. To improve this, novel immunocombinational strategies need to be developed and tested in autologous preclinical NBL models. A genetically well-explored autologous mouse model for NBL is the TH-MYCN model. However, the immunobiology of the TH-MYCN model remains largely unexplored. We developed a mouse model using a transplantable TH-MYCN cell line in syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice and characterized the immunobiology of this model. In this report, we show the relevance and opportunities of this model to study immunotherapy for human NBL. Similar to human NBL cells, syngeneic TH-MYCN-derived 9464D cells endogenously express the tumor antigen GD2 and low levels of MHC Class I. The presence of the adaptive immune system had little or no influence on tumor growth, showing the low immunogenicity of the NBL cells. In contrast, depletion of NK1.1+ cells resulted in enhanced tumor outgrowth in both wild-type and Rag1(-/-) mice, showing an important role for NK cells in the natural anti-NBL immune response. Analysis of the tumor infiltrating leukocytes ex vivo revealed the presence of both tumor associated myeloid cells and T regulatory cells, thus mimicking human NBL tumors. Finally, anti-GD2 mAb mediated NBL therapy resulted in ADCC in vitro and delayed tumor outgrowth in vivo. We conclude that the transplantable TH-MYCN model represents a relevant model for the development of novel immunocombinatorial approaches for NBL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Kroesen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Pastorino F, Brignole C, Loi M, Di Paolo D, Di Fiore A, Perri P, Pagnan G, Ponzoni M. Nanocarrier-mediated targeting of tumor and tumor vascular cells improves uptake and penetration of drugs into neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2013; 3:190. [PMID: 23936762 PMCID: PMC3733002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, accounting for about 8% of childhood cancers. Despite aggressive treatment, patients suffering from high-risk NB have very poor 5-year overall survival rate, due to relapsed and/or treatment-resistant tumors. A further increase in therapeutic dose intensity is not feasible, because it will lead to prohibitive short-term and long-term toxicities. New approaches with targeted therapies may improve efficacy and decrease toxicity. The use of drug delivery systems allows site specific delivery of higher payload of active agents associated with lower systemic toxicity compared to the use of conventional (“free”) drugs. The possibility of imparting selectivity to the carriers to the cancer foci through the use of a targeting moiety (e.g., a peptide or an antibody) further enhances drug efficacy and safety. We have recently developed two strategies for increasing local concentration of anti-cancer agents, such as CpG-containing oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, and chemotherapeutics in NB. For doing that, we have used the monoclonal antibody anti-disialoganglioside (GD2), able to specifically recognize the NB tumor and the peptides containing NGR and CPRECES motifs, that selectively bind to the aminopeptidase N-expressing endothelial and the aminopeptidase A-expressing perivascular tumor cells, respectively. The review will focus on the use of tumor- and tumor vasculature-targeted nanocarriers to improve tumor targeting, uptake, and penetration of drugs in preclinical models of human NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pastorino
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
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31
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Allen TM, Cullis PR. Liposomal drug delivery systems: from concept to clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:36-48. [PMID: 23036225 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2905] [Impact Index Per Article: 264.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first closed bilayer phospholipid systems, called liposomes, were described in 1965 and soon were proposed as drug delivery systems. The pioneering work of countless liposome researchers over almost 5 decades led to the development of important technical advances such as remote drug loading, extrusion for homogeneous size, long-circulating (PEGylated) liposomes, triggered release liposomes, liposomes containing nucleic acid polymers, ligand-targeted liposomes and liposomes containing combinations of drugs. These advances have led to numerous clinical trials in such diverse areas as the delivery of anti-cancer, anti-fungal and antibiotic drugs, the delivery of gene medicines, and the delivery of anesthetics and anti-inflammatory drugs. A number of liposomes (lipidic nanoparticles) are on the market, and many more are in the pipeline. Lipidic nanoparticles are the first nanomedicine delivery system to make the transition from concept to clinical application, and they are now an established technology platform with considerable clinical acceptance. We can look forward to many more clinical products in the future.
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Kroesen M, Lindau D, Hoogerbrugge P, Adema GJ. Immunocombination therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:163-74. [PMID: 22394368 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is an aggressive malignancy of the sympathetic nervous system. Advanced-stage NBLs prove fatal in approximately 50% of patients within 5 years. Therefore, new treatment modalities are urgently needed. Immunotherapy is a treatment modality that can be combined with established forms of treatment. Administration of monoclonal antibodies or dendritic cell-based therapies alone can lead to favorable clinical outcomes in individual cancer patients; for example patients with melanoma, lymphoma and NBL. However, clinical benefit is still limited to a minority of patients, and further improvements are clearly needed. In this article, we review the most commonly used approaches to treat patients with NBL and highlight the prerequisites and opportunities of cell-based immunotherapy, involving both innate and adaptive immune-effector cells. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of the combined application of immunotherapy and novel tumor-targeted therapies for the treatment of both cancer in general and NBL in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Kroesen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences/278 TIL, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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33
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Di Paolo D, Ambrogio C, Pastorino F, Brignole C, Martinengo C, Carosio R, Loi M, Pagnan G, Emionite L, Cilli M, Ribatti D, Allen TM, Chiarle R, Ponzoni M, Perri P. Selective therapeutic targeting of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase with liposomal siRNA induces apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis in neuroblastoma. Mol Ther 2011; 19:2201-12. [PMID: 21829174 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is involved in the pathogenesis of different types of human cancers, including neuroblastoma (NB). In NB, ALK overexpression, or point mutations, are associated with poor prognosis and advanced stage disease. Inhibition of ALK kinase activity by small-molecule inhibitors in lung cancers carrying ALK translocations has shown therapeutic potential. However, secondary mutations may occur that, generate tumor resistance to ALK inhibitors. To overcome resistance to ALK inhibitors in NB, we adopted an alternative RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutic strategy that is able to knockdown ALK, regardless of its genetic status [mutated, amplified, wild-type (WT)]. NB cell lines, transduced by lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA), showed reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis when ALK was knocked down. In mice, a nanodelivery system for ALK-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), based on the conjugation of antibodies directed against the NB-selective marker GD(2) to liposomes, showed strong ALK knockdown in vivo in NB cells, which resulted in cell growth arrest, apoptosis, and prolonged survival. ALK knockdown was associated with marked reductions in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, blood vessel density, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in vivo, suggesting a role for ALK in NB-induced neoangiogenesis and tumor invasion, confirming this gene as a fundamental oncogene in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Paolo
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, Department of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Morandi F, Corrias MV, Levreri I, Scaruffi P, Raffaghello L, Carlini B, Bocca P, Prigione I, Stigliani S, Amoroso L, Ferrone S, Pistoia V. Serum levels of cytoplasmic melanoma-associated antigen at diagnosis may predict clinical relapse in neuroblastoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1485-95. [PMID: 21660451 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) and the cytoplasmic melanoma-associated antigen (cyt-MAA/LGALS3BP) are expressed in melanoma. Their serum levels are increased in melanoma patients and correlate with clinical outcome. We investigated whether these molecules can serve as prognostic markers for neuroblastoma (NB) patients. Expression of cyt-MAA and HMW-MAA was evaluated by flow cytometry in NB cell lines, patients' neuroblasts ((FI)-NB), and short-term cultures of these latter cells (cNB). LGALS3BP gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR on (FI)-NB, cNB, and primary tumor specimens. Soluble HMW-MAA and cyt-MAA were tested by ELISA. Cyt-MAA and HMW-MAA were expressed in NB cell lines, cNB, and (FI)-NB samples. LGALS3BP gene expression was higher in primary tumors and cNB than in (FI)-NB samples. Soluble cyt-MAA, but not HMW-MAA, was detected in NB cell lines and cNBs supernatants. NB patients' serum levels of both antigens were higher than those of the healthy children. High cyt-MAA serum levels at diagnosis associated with higher incidence of relapse, independently from other known risk factors. In conclusion, both HMW-MAA and cyt-MAA antigens, and LGALS3BP gene, were expressed by NB cell lines and patients' neuroblasts, and both antigens' serum levels were increased in NB patients. Elevated serum levels of cyt-MAA at diagnosis correlated with relapse, supporting that cyt-MAA may serve as early serological biomarker to individuate patients at higher risk of relapse that may require a more careful follow-up, after being validated in a larger cohort of patients at different time-points during follow-up. Given its immunogenicity, cyt-MAA may also be a potential target for NB immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
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35
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Neuroblastoma-targeted nanoparticles entrapping siRNA specifically knockdown ALK. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1131-40. [PMID: 21487394 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference molecules have some advantages as cancer therapeutics, including a proved efficacy on both wild-type (WT) and mutated transcripts and an extremely high sequence-specificity. The most significant hurdle to be overcome if exogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNA) is to be used therapeutically is the specific, effective, nontoxic delivery of siRNA to its intracellular site of action. At present, human applications are confined almost exclusively to targets within the liver, where the delivery systems naturally accumulate, and extra-hepatic targets remain a challenge. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has recently been shown to contribute to the cell growth and progression of human neuroblastoma (NB). We investigated its potential as a therapeutic target in NB by generating anti-GD₂-targeted nanoparticles that carry ALK-directed siRNA, which are specifically and efficiently delivered to GD₂-expressing NB cells. Relative to free ALK-siRNA, anti-GD₂-targeted liposomal formulations of ALK-siRNA had low plasma clearance, increased siRNA stability, and improved binding, uptake, silencing and induction of cell death, and specificity for NB cells. In NB xenografts, intravenous (i.v.) injection of the targeted ALK-siRNA liposomes showed gene-specific antitumor activity with no side effects. ALK-selective siRNA entrapped in anti-GD₂-targeted nanoparticles is a promising new modality for NB treatment.
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Brignole C, Marimpietri D, Di Paolo D, Perri P, Morandi F, Pastorino F, Zorzoli A, Pagnan G, Loi M, Caffa I, Erminio G, Haupt R, Gambini C, Pistoia V, Ponzoni M. Therapeutic targeting of TLR9 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9816-26. [PMID: 20935225 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) evolved to cope with pathogens, but it is expressed in a variety of tumors for reasons that are unclear. In this study, we report that neuroblastoma (NB) cells express functional TLR9. Liposome-complexed CpG oligonucleotides inhibited the proliferation of TLR9-expressing NB cells and induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. Inhibitory oligonucleotides (iODNs) abrogated these effects. RNA interference reduced TLR9 expression but not to the level where functional responses to CpG were abolished. Compared with free CpG, liposomal formulations of NB-targeted CpG (TL-CpG) significantly prolonged the survival of mice bearing NB tumor xenografts. While CpG alone lacked antitumor efficacy in NOD/SCID/IL2rg(-/-) mice, TL-CpG retained significant efficacy related to direct effects on tumor cells. TLR9 expression in primary human NB specimens was found to correlate inversely with disease stage. Our findings establish functional expression of TLR9 in NB and suggest that TLR9 may represent a novel theranostic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brignole
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
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Navid F, Santana VM, Barfield RC. Anti-GD2 antibody therapy for GD2-expressing tumors. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2010; 10:200-9. [PMID: 20201786 DOI: 10.2174/156800910791054167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the development of novel immune therapies for high-risk cancers, one goal is to find tumor targets that are not widely shared by normal cells. One such target is the surface disialoganglioside GD2. This antigen is expressed on the surface of a variety of tumors for which no curative therapies exist for patients with advanced disease. In childhood, the most common GD2-expressing tumor is neuroblastoma. GD2 is also expressed on several other high-risk tumors, including those of neuroectodermal or epithelial origin, virtually all melanomas, and approximately 50% of tumor samples from osteosarcoma and soft-tissue sarcomas. Because of the tumor-selective expression of this molecule, it is an attractive target for tumor-specific therapies such as antibody therapy. Over the last 2 decades, several anti-GD2 antibodies have been developed. To reduce both the toxicity of the antibody and the development of human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA), research efforts have primarily focused on exploring anti-GD2 antibodies that have progressively more human elements while at the same time reducing the mouse components. This review will examine antibodies currently undergoing clinical testing as well as the most recent advances to improve antibody therapy for patients with GD2-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Navid
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Yang J, Chen R, Wei J, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Jia L, Yan Y, Luo W, Cao Y, Yao L, Sun J, Xu Z, Yang A. Production and characterization of a recombinant single-chain antibody against Hantaan virus envelop glycoprotein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:1067-75. [PMID: 20012277 PMCID: PMC2844961 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) is the type of Hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, for which no specific therapeutics are available so far. Cell type-specific internalizing antibodies can be used to deliver therapeutics intracellularly to target cell and thus, have potential application in anti-HTNV infection. To achieve intracellular delivery of therapeutics, it is necessary to obtain antibodies that demonstrate sufficient cell type-specific binding, internalizing, and desired cellular trafficking. Here, we describe the prokaryotic expression, affinity purification, and functional testing of a single-chain Fv antibody fragment (scFv) against HTNV envelop glycoprotein (GP), an HTNV-specific antigen normally located on the membranes of HTNV-infected cells. This HTNV GP-targeting antibody, scFv3G1, was produced in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli cells as a soluble protein and was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The purified scFv possessed a high specific antigen-binding activity to HTNV GP and HTNV-infected Vero E6 cells and could be internalized into HTNV-infected cells probably through the clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathways similar to that observed with transferrin. Our results showed that the E. coli-produced scFv had potential applications in targeted and intracellular delivery of therapeutics against HTNV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunxin Cao
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Libo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jifeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhikai Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Angang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang S, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang Q. RGD-modified polymeric micelles as potential carriers for targeted delivery to integrin-overexpressing tumor vasculature and tumor cells. J Drug Target 2009; 17:459-67. [PMID: 19527117 DOI: 10.1080/10611860902974085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 are overexpressed in angiogenic tumor endothelial cells and malignant tumor cells, making them attractive targets for cancer therapy. In this study, an integrin alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 binding tripeptide, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp), was conjugated with the surface of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactide) (PEG-PLA) micelles. A lipophilic fluorescent probe, DiI, was loaded into both the nontargeted methoxy PEG-PLA (mPEG-PLA) micelles and the targeted RGD-modified PEG-PLA micelles. The DiI-loaded targeted micelles had a size of 24.2 nm. The targeted micelles were stable in phosphate buffered saline and exhibited a negligible leakage in culture medium. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that targeted micelles were spherical in shape. Cell uptake of DiI-labeled targeted micelles by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and melanoma B16 cells was investigated by spectrophotofluorometry and confocal microscopy techniques. Results revealed that RGD-modified micelles significantly facilitated the intracellular delivery of the encapsulated agents via integrin-mediated endocytosis. This study suggests that RGD-modified PEG-PLA micelles are promising drug carriers for targeted delivery to both angiogenic tumor endothelial cells and tumor cells and that the targeted micelles may be attractive carriers for combination cancer therapy against both targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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40
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Wang CH, Huang YJ, Chang CW, Hsu WM, Peng CA. In vitro photothermal destruction of neuroblastoma cells using carbon nanotubes conjugated with GD2 monoclonal antibody. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:315101. [PMID: 19597244 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/31/315101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite aggressive multimodality therapy, most neuroblastoma-bearing patients relapse and survival rate remains poor. Exploration of alternative therapeutic modalities is needed. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), revealing optical absorbance in the near-infrared region, warrant their merits in photothermal therapy. In order to specifically target disialoganglioside (GD2) overexpressed on the surface of neuroblastoma stNB-V1 cells, GD2 monoclonal antibody (anti-GD2) was conjugated to acidified CNTs. To examine the fate of anti-GD2 bound CNTs after incubation with stNB-V1 cells, rhodamine B was labeled on carboxylated CNTs functionalized with and without anti-GD2. Our results illustrated that anti-GD2-linked CNTs were extensively internalized by neuroblastoma cells via GD2-mediated endocytosis. In addition, we showed that anti-GD2 bound CNTs were not ingested by PC12 cells without GD2 expression. After anti-GD2 conjugated CNTs were incubated with neuroblastoma cells for 6 h and endocytosed by the cells, CNT-laden neuroblastoma cells were further irradiated with an 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser with intensity ramping from 0.6 to 6 W cm(-2) for 10 min which was then maintained at 6 W cm(-2) for an additional 5 min. Post-NIR laser exposure, and after being examined by calcein-AM dye, stNB-V1 cells were all found to undergo necrosis, while non-GD2 expressing PC12 cells all remained viable. Based on the in vitro study, CNTs bound with anti-GD2 have the potential to be utilized as a therapeutic thermal coupling agent that generates heat sufficient to selectively kill neuroblastoma cells under NIR laser light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Bacci M, Capobianco A, Monno A, Cottone L, Di Puppo F, Camisa B, Mariani M, Brignole C, Ponzoni M, Ferrari S, Panina-Bordignon P, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. Macrophages are alternatively activated in patients with endometriosis and required for growth and vascularization of lesions in a mouse model of disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:547-56. [PMID: 19574425 PMCID: PMC2716955 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that sustain endometrial tissues at ectopic sites in patients with endometriosis are poorly understood. Various leukocytes, including macrophages, infiltrate endometriotic lesions. In this study, we depleted mouse macrophages by means of either clodronate liposomes or monoclonal antibodies before the injection of syngeneic endometrial tissue. In the absence of macrophages, tissue fragments adhered and implanted into the peritoneal wall, but endometriotic lesions failed to organize and develop. When we depleted macrophages after the establishment of endometriotic lesions, blood vessels failed to reach the inner layers of the lesions, which stopped growing. Macrophages from patients with endometriosis and experimental mice, but not nonendometriotic patients who underwent surgery for uterine leiomyomas or control mice, expressed markers of alternative activation. These markers included high levels of scavenger receptors, CD163 and CD206, which are involved in both the scavenging of hemoglobin with iron transfer into macrophages and the silent clearance of inflammatory molecules. Macrophages in both inflammatory liquid and ectopic lesions were equally polarized, suggesting a critical role of environmental cues in the peritoneal cavity. Adoptively transferred, alternatively activated macrophages dramatically enhanced endometriotic lesion growth in mice. Inflammatory macrophages effectively protected mice from endometriosis. Therefore, endogenous macrophages involved in tissue remodeling appear as players in the natural history of endometriosis, required for effective vascularization and ectopic lesion growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bacci
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, DIBIT, 3A1, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano Italy
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42
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a solid tumor arising from developing cells of the sympathetic nervous system, is the most common extracranial tumor in children. The prognosis for high-risk neuroblastoma remains poor with conventional treatment, and new approaches are therefore being explored to treat this disease. One such alternative therapy that holds promise is immune therapy. We review here the recent advances in four types of immune therapy-cytokine, vaccine, antibody and cellular therapy-to treat neuroblastoma. We present preclinical research and clinical trials on several promising candidates such as IL-12, dendritic cell vaccines, anti-GD2 antibodies and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. An optimal treatment plan for neuroblastoma will most likely involve multimodal approaches and combinations of immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Navid
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 , USA.
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43
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Brignole C, Marimpietri D, Pastorino F, Di Paolo D, Pagnan G, Loi M, Piccardi F, Cilli M, Tradori-Cappai A, Arrigoni G, Pistoia V, Ponzoni M. Anti-IL-10R antibody improves the therapeutic efficacy of targeted liposomal oligonucleotides. J Control Release 2009; 138:122-7. [PMID: 19427884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
High-risk Neuroblastoma (NB) has still a poor prognosis. Liposomes targeted to NB cells and encapsulating antisense CpG-containing oligonucleotides (TL-asCpG) had increased anti-tumour efficacy in NB xenografts compared to free asCpG. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) suppresses antigen presenting cell activation contributing to tumour-mediated immune suppression. In principle, combination of TL-asCpG and antibodies against IL-10 receptor (aIL-10R) could prolong immune system activation, leading to better therapeutic results. Mice treated with TL-asCpG 4 h after human NB cell inoculation survived significantly longer than controls. An increased life span was achieved also in mice receiving TL-asCpG 24 and 72 h after NB cell challenge. The addition of aIL-10R to TL-asCpG in the 4-h protocol significantly increased the percentage of long term survivors compared to TL-asCpG only. Surviving mice treated with the combined strategy were completely cured. In contrast, long term surviving mice treated only with TL-asCpG presented lymph node infiltration with NB cells. TL-asCpG plus aIL-10R treatment was significantly superior to TL-asCpG alone also for the 24-h protocol. Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that the combined therapy evoked a stronger and more prolonged immune system activation compared to monotherapy. These results support the feasibility of a clinical trial with TL-asCpG and aIL-10R in advanced NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brignole
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
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44
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Di Paolo D, Loi M, Pastorino F, Brignole C, Marimpietri D, Becherini P, Caffa I, Zorzoli A, Longhi R, Gagliani C, Tacchetti C, Corti A, Allen TM, Ponzoni M, Pagnan G. Chapter 12 Liposome-Mediated Therapy of Neuroblastoma. Methods Enzymol 2009; 465:225-49. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(09)65012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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45
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Williams BB, Wall M, Miao RY, Williams B, Bertoncello I, Kershaw MH, Mantamadiotis T, Haber M, Norris MD, Gautam A, Darcy PK, Ramsay RG. Induction of T cell-mediated immunity using a c-Myb DNA vaccine in a mouse model of colon cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:1635-45. [PMID: 18386000 PMCID: PMC11030567 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the proto-oncogene c-Myb occurs in more than 80% of colorectal cancer (CRC) and is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. To test c-Myb as a therapeutic target in CRC we devised a DNA fusion vaccine to generate an anti-CRC immune response. c-Myb, like many tumor antigens, is weakly immunogenic as it is a "self" antigen and subject to tolerance. To break tolerance, a DNA fusion vaccine was generated comprising wild-type c-Myb cDNA flanked by two potent Th epitopes derived from tetanus toxin. Vaccination was performed targeting a highly aggressive, weakly immunogenic, subcutaneous, syngeneic, colon adenocarcinoma cell line MC38 which highly expresses c-Myb. Prophylactic intravenous vaccination significantly suppressed tumor growth, through the induction of anti-tumor immunity for which the tetanus epitopes were essential. Vaccination generated anti-tumor immunity mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased infiltration of immune effector cells at the tumor site. Importantly, no evidence of autoimmune pathology in endogenous c-Myb expressing tissues was detected as a consequence of breaking tolerance. In summary, these results establish c-Myb as a potential antigen for immune targeting in CRC and serve to provide proof of principle for the continuing development of DNA vaccines targeting c-Myb to bring this approach to the clinic.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genes, MHC Class I/physiology
- Genes, myb/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Immunity
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/immunology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tetanus Toxin/genetics
- Tetanus Toxin/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/therapeutic use
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46
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Drummond DC, Noble CO, Hayes ME, Park JW, Kirpotin DB. Pharmacokinetics and in vivo drug release rates in liposomal nanocarrier development. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4696-740. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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Pastorino F, Mumbengegwi DR, Ribatti D, Ponzoni M, Allen TM. Increase of therapeutic effects by treating melanoma with targeted combinations of c-myc antisense and doxorubicin. J Control Release 2007; 126:85-94. [PMID: 18166243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma have a very poor prognosis, due to the resistance of melanoma cells to conventional chemotherapy. We previously reported that coated cationic liposomes targeted with a monoclonal antibody against the disialoganglioside GD(2) and containing c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (alpha GD(2)-CCL[c-myc-as]) induced partial tumor growth arrest in melanoma xenografts. Here we addressed the role of c-myc-asODN treatment in the susceptibility to doxorubicin (DXR) in human melanoma cells. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that growth of melanoma cells was inhibited to a greater extent by alpha GD(2)-CCL[c-myc-as] than by the corresponding non-targeted formulations or by free c-myc-as. Targeted c-myc-as sensitized cells to DXR, reducing the IC(50) by approximately 10-fold. Scrambled ODNs had no effect on the IC(50) of DXR. Compared to either treatment alone, combination of targeted c-myc-as and DXR resulted in earlier apoptosis and in cell death after 2 days of treatment. In vivo experiments revealed that liposomal formulations of c-myc-as and DXR, both targeted via GD(2), led to the most pronounced delay in tumor growth when administered in a sequential manner. As a result, their combination translates into a statistically significant suppression of blood vessel density and an enhanced apoptosis, compared to all treatments given separately. Our data indicate the increasing cell sensitivity to DXR by c-myc-asODNs as a promising basis for developing novel anti-tumor strategy against advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pastorino
- Differentiation Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, 16148-Genoa, Italy.
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48
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Fujii H, Trudeau JD, Teachey DT, Fish JD, Grupp SA, Schultz KR, Reid GSD. In vivo control of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides. Blood 2006; 109:2008-13. [PMID: 17068155 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-02-002055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite considerable success in treating newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), relapsed disease remains a significant clinical challenge. Using a NOD/SCID mouse xenograft model, we report that immunostimulatory DNA oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) stimulate significant immune activity against primary human ALL cells in vivo. The administration of CpG ODNs induced a significant reduction in systemic leukemia burden, mediated continued disease control, and significantly improved survival of mice with established human ALL. The death of leukemia cells in vivo was independent of the ability of ALL cells to respond directly to CpG ODNs and correlated with the production of IL-12p70, IFN-α, and IFN-γ by the host. In addition, depletion of natural killer cells by anti–asialo-GM1 treatment significantly reduced the in vivo antileukemic activity of CpG ODN. This antileukemia effect was not limited to the xenograft model because natural killer cell–dependent killing of ALL by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also increased by CpG ODN stimulation. These results suggest that CpG ODNs have potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaki Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of British Columbia and British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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49
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Pastorino F, Brignole C, Di Paolo D, Nico B, Pezzolo A, Marimpietri D, Pagnan G, Piccardi F, Cilli M, Longhi R, Ribatti D, Corti A, Allen TM, Ponzoni M. Targeting liposomal chemotherapy via both tumor cell-specific and tumor vasculature-specific ligands potentiates therapeutic efficacy. Cancer Res 2006; 66:10073-82. [PMID: 17047071 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common solid tumor of infancy derived from the sympathetic nervous system, continues to present a formidable clinical challenge. Sterically stabilized immunoliposomes (SIL) have been shown to enhance the selective localization of entrapped drugs to solid tumors, with improvements in therapeutic indices. We showed that SIL loaded with doxorubicin (DXR) and targeted to the disialoganglioside receptor GD(2) [aGD(2)-SIL(DXR)] led to a selective inhibition of the metastatic growth of experimental models of human neuroblastoma. By coupling NGR peptides that target the angiogenic endothelial cell marker aminopeptidase N to the surface of DXR-loaded liposomes [NGR-SL(DXR)], we obtained tumor regression, pronounced destruction of the tumor vasculature, and prolonged survival of orthotopic neuroblastoma xenografts. Here, we showed good liposome stability, long circulation times, and enhanced time-dependent tumor accumulation of both the carrier and the drug. Antivascular effects against animal models of lung and ovarian cancer were shown for formulations of NGR-SL(DXR). In the chick embryo chorioallantoic assay, NGR-SL(DXR) substantially reduced the angiogenic potential of various neuroblastoma xenografts, with synergistic inhibition observed for the combination of NGR-SL(DXR) with aGD(2)-SIL(DXR). A significant improvement in antitumor effects was seen in neuroblastoma-bearing animal models when treated with the combined formulations compared with control mice or mice treated with either tumor- or vascular-targeted liposomal formulations, administered separately. The combined treatment resulted in a dramatic inhibition of tumor endothelial cell density. Long-term survivors were obtained only in animals treated with the combined tumor- and vascular-targeted formulations, confirming the pivotal role of combination therapies in treating aggressive metastatic neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pastorino
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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50
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Tam YK. Liposomal encapsulation enhances the activity of immunostimulatory oligonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2217/17460875.1.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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