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Knoll L, Hamm J, Stroebel P, Jovan T, Goetze R, Singh S, Hessmann E, Ellenrieder V, Ammer-Herrmenau C, Neesse A. Expression of gemcitabine metabolizing enzymes and stromal components reveal complexities of preclinical pancreatic cancer models for therapeutic testing. Neoplasia 2024; 53:101002. [PMID: 38744194 PMCID: PMC11109879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) poorly responds to antineoplastic agents. Discrepancies between preclinical success and clinical failure of compounds has been a continuous challenge and major obstacle in PDAC research. AIM To investigate the association of the tumor microenvironment (TME) composition and gemcitabine metabolizing enzyme (GME) expression in vitro and several in vivo models. METHODS mRNA expression and protein levels of GME (cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1 A; NT5C1A, cytidine deaminase; CDA, deoxycytidine kinase; DCK), gemcitabine transporters (ENT1, ENT2, RRM1, RRM2) and stromal components (hyaluroninc acid, podoplanin, masson trichrome, picrosirius) were assessed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in murine LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-Trp53R172 H/+; Pdx-1-Cre (KPC), orthotopically transplanted mice (OTM), human primary resected PDAC tissue (hPRT), corresponding patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice, and KPC-SPARC-/- mice. mRNA expression of GME was analyzed in PDAC cell lines (Panc-1, MIA PaCa, BXPC3 and L3.6) upon incubation on collagen or pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) conditioned media by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Endogenous KPC tumors exhibited significantly higher levels of GME compared to OTM. However, GME levels did not differ between hPRT and corresponding PDX mice. Using Kendalls Tau correlation coefficient we did not show a significant correlation of GME and components of the TME except for NT5C1A and hyaluronic acid in PDX mice (p=0.029). GME were not significantly altered upon SPARC depletion in vivo, and upon treatment with PSC-conditioned media or incubation on collagen plated dishes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the expression of GME is independent from the deposition of stromal components. KPC mice are most appropriate to study stromal composition whereas PDX mice maintain GME expression of the corresponding hPRT and could be best suited for pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Knoll
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jacob Hamm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Stroebel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Todorovic Jovan
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Robert Goetze
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Shiv Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Ammer-Herrmenau
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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Iosifidou N, Anagnostopoulou E, Botou M, Kalfa E, Tatsaki E, Frillingos S. Elucidation of the Gemcitabine Transporters of Escherichia coli K-12 and Gamma-Proteobacteria Linked to Gemcitabine-Related Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7012. [PMID: 39000123 PMCID: PMC11241209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine), a widely used anticancer drug, is considered a gold standard in treating aggressive pancreatic cancers. Gamma-proteobacteria that colonize the pancreatic tumors contribute to chemoresistance against gemcitabine by metabolizing the drug to a less active and deaminated form. The gemcitabine transporters of these bacteria are unknown to date. Furthermore, there is no complete knowledge of the gemcitabine transporters in Escherichia coli or any other related proteobacteria. In this study, we investigate the complement of gemcitabine transporters in E. coli K-12 and two common chemoresistance-related bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii). We found that E. coli K-12 has two high-affinity gemcitabine transporters with distinct specificity properties, namely, NupC and NupG, whereas the gemcitabine transporters of C. freundii and K. pneumoniae include the NupC and NupG orthologs, functionally indistinguishable from their counterparts, and, in K. pneumoniae, one additional NupC variant, designated KpNupC2. All these bacterial transporters have a higher affinity for gemcitabine than their human counterparts. The highest affinity (KM 2.5-3.0 μΜ) is exhibited by NupGs of the bacteria-specific nucleoside-H+ symporter (NHS) family followed by NupCs (KM 10-13 μΜ) of the concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) family, 15-100 times higher than the affinities reported for the human gemcitabine transporter hENT1/SLC29A1, which is primarily associated with gemcitabine uptake in the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Our results offer a basis for further insight into the role of specific bacteria in drug availability within tumors and for understanding the structure-function differences of bacterial and human drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Iosifidou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (E.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Eleni Anagnostopoulou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (E.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Maria Botou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (E.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Eirini Kalfa
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (E.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Ekaterini Tatsaki
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (E.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Stathis Frillingos
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (E.K.); (E.T.)
- University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Biosciences, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Zhang H, Winter P, Wartmann T, Simioni L, Al-Madhi S, Perrakis A, Croner RS, Shi W, Yu Q, Kahlert UD. Unlocking Clinical Insights: Lymphocyte-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase Candidates as Promising Therapeutic Targets for Pancreatic Cancer Risk Stratification. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024. [PMID: 38837745 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2024.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Uncover the pivotal link between lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck)-related genes and clinical risk stratification in pancreatic cancer. Methods: This study identifies shared genes between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Lck-related genes in pancreatic cancer using a methodological framework rooted in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Feature gene selection is accomplished and a signature model is constructed. Statistical significant clinical endpoints such as overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) were defined. Results: After performing random survival forest, Lasso regression, and multivariate Cox regression model, 7 trait genes out of 272 Lck-associated DEGs are selected to create a signature model that is independent of other clinical factors and can predict OS and DSS. It appears that high-risk patients have activated the TP53 signaling pathway and the cell cycle signaling pathway. LAMA3 turned out to be the hub gene of the signature with high expression in pancreatic cancer. Patients with increased expression of LAMA3 had a short OS, DSS, and PFI in comparison. The candidate competing endogenous RNA network of LAMA3 turned out to be OPI5-AS1/hsa-miR-186-5p/LAMA3 axis. Conclusions: A characteristic signature of seven Lck-related genes, especially LAMA3, has been shown to be a key factor in clinical risk stratification for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, China
| | - Paul Winter
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Trans-Plantation Surgery, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wartmann
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Trans-Plantation Surgery, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Luca Simioni
- Institute for molecular and clinical immunology, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sara Al-Madhi
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Trans-Plantation Surgery, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aris Perrakis
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Trans-Plantation Surgery, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland S Croner
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Trans-Plantation Surgery, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenjie Shi
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Trans-Plantation Surgery, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Quan Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ulf D Kahlert
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Trans-Plantation Surgery, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Vlachodimou A, Bouma J, De Cleyn M, Berthelot D, Pype S, Bosmans JP, van Vlijmen H, Wroblowski B, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP. Kinetic profiling of novel spirobenzo-oxazinepiperidinone derivatives as equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 inhibitors. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:193-205. [PMID: 37423967 PMCID: PMC10997566 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of kinetic parameters of drug-target binding, kon, koff, and residence time (RT), in addition to the traditional in vitro parameter of affinity is receiving increasing attention in the early stages of drug discovery. Target binding kinetics emerges as a meaningful concept for the evaluation of a ligand's duration of action and more generally drug efficacy and safety. We report the biological evaluation of a novel series of spirobenzo-oxazinepiperidinone derivatives as inhibitors of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1, SLC29A1). The compounds were evaluated in radioligand binding experiments, i.e., displacement, competition association, and washout assays, to evaluate their affinity and binding kinetic parameters. We also linked these pharmacological parameters to the compounds' chemical characteristics, and learned that separate moieties of the molecules governed target affinity and binding kinetics. Among the 29 compounds tested, 28 stood out with high affinity and a long residence time of 87 min. These findings reveal the importance of supplementing affinity data with binding kinetics at transport proteins such as hENT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vlachodimou
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jara Bouma
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel De Cleyn
- Janssen Research and Development, Antwerpseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Didier Berthelot
- Janssen Research and Development, Antwerpseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stefan Pype
- Janssen Research and Development, Antwerpseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Bosmans
- Janssen Research and Development, Antwerpseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Herman van Vlijmen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Janssen Research and Development, Antwerpseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Toledo B, Deiana C, Scianò F, Brandi G, Marchal JA, Perán M, Giovannetti E. Treatment resistance in pancreatic and biliary tract cancer: molecular and clinical pharmacology perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2024; 17:323-347. [PMID: 38413373 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2319340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment resistance poses a significant obstacle in oncology, especially in biliary tract cancer (BTC) and pancreatic cancer (PC). Current therapeutic options include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Resistance to these treatments may arise due to diverse molecular mechanisms, such as genetic and epigenetic modifications, altered drug metabolism and efflux, and changes in the tumor microenvironment. Identifying and overcoming these mechanisms is a major focus of research: strategies being explored include combination therapies, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and personalized approaches. AREAS COVERED We provide a current overview and discussion of the most relevant mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy, target therapy, and immunotherapy in both BTC and PC. Furthermore, we compare the different strategies that are being implemented to overcome these obstacles. EXPERT OPINION So far there is no unified theory on drug resistance and progress is limited. To overcome this issue, individualized patient approaches, possibly through liquid biopsies or single-cell transcriptome studies, are suggested, along with the potential use of artificial intelligence, to guide effective treatment strategies. Furthermore, we provide insights into what we consider the most promising areas of research, and we speculate on the future of managing treatment resistance to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Toledo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Deiana
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Scianò
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lumobiotics GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Nicolle R, Bachet JB, Harlé A, Iovanna J, Hammel P, Rebours V, Turpin A, Ben Abdelghani M, Wei A, Mitry E, Lopez A, Biagi J, François E, Artru P, Lambert A, Renouf DJ, Monard L, Mauduit M, Dusetti N, Conroy T, Cros J. Prediction of Adjuvant Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Using the GemPred RNA Signature: An Ancillary Study of the PRODIGE-24/CCTG PA6 Clinical Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1067-1076. [PMID: 37963313 PMCID: PMC10950182 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE GemPred, a transcriptomic signature predictive of the efficacy of adjuvant gemcitabine (GEM), was developed from cell lines and organoids and validated retrospectively. The phase III PRODIGE-24/CCTG PA6 trial has demonstrated the superiority of modified folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFIRINOX) over GEM as adjuvant therapy in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at the expense of higher toxicity. We evaluated the potential predictive value of GemPred in this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Routine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of 350 patients were retrieved for RNA sequencing and GemPred prediction (167 in the GEM arm and 183 in the mFOLFIRINOX [mFFX] arm). Survival analyses were stratified by resection margins, lymph node status, and cancer antigen 19-9 level. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients' tumors (25.5%) were GemPred+ and were thus predicted to be gemcitabine-sensitive. In the GEM arm, GemPred+ patients (n = 50, 30%) had a significantly longer disease-free survival (DFS) than GemPred- patients (n = 117, 70%; median 27.3 v 10.2 months, hazard ratio [HR], 0.43 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.65]; P < .001) and cancer-specific survival (CSS; median 68.4 v 28.6 months, HR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.27 to 0.66]; P < .001). GemPred had no prognostic value in the mFFX arm. DFS and CSS were similar in GemPred+ patients who received adjuvant GEM and mFFX (median 27.3 v 24.0 months, and 68.4 v 51.4 months, respectively). The statistical interaction between GEM and GemPred+ status was significant for DFS (P = .008) and CSS (P = .004). GemPred+ patients had significantly more adverse events of grade ≥3 in the mFFX arm (76%) compared with those in the GEM arm (40%; P = .001). CONCLUSION This ancillary study of a phase III randomized trial demonstrates that among the quarter of patients with a GemPred-positive transcriptomic signature, survival was comparable with that of mFOLFIRINOX, whereas those receiving adjuvant gemcitabine had fewer adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Nicolle
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- Service d'Hépato—Gastro—Entérologie, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Service de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy CEDEX, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Hammel
- Digestive and Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, F-75018, Paris, France
- Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology Department, Beaujon Hospital, APHP, Clichy and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Pancréas—PAncreaticRaresDISeases (PaRaDis), Paris, France
| | - Anthony Turpin
- Department of Oncology, Lille University Hospital; CNRS UMR9020, INSERM UMR1277, University of Lille, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | | | - Alice Wei
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Emmanuel Mitry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Lopez
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - James Biagi
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Eric François
- Hepatogastroenterology department, Hôpital Jean-Mermoz, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Artru
- Medical Oncology department, Institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, équipe MICS, Nancy, France
| | - Aurélien Lambert
- Medical Oncology department, Institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, équipe MICS, Nancy, France
| | - Daniel J. Renouf
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Conroy
- Medical Oncology department, Institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, équipe MICS, Nancy, France
| | - Jérome Cros
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, F-75018, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Department of Pathology, Beaujon/Bichat University Hospital (APHP), Clichy/Paris, France
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Sakakida T, Ishikawa T, Itoh Y. Reply to 'C-CAT's triumph in gastroenterology: the wisdom of cats is infinitely superior'. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:159. [PMID: 38270610 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sakakida
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Cancer Genome Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Mendes I, Vale N. Overcoming Microbiome-Acquired Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:227. [PMID: 38275398 PMCID: PMC10813061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) are one of the most recurrent diseases in the world. Among all GICs, pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest and continues to disrupt people's lives worldwide. The most frequent pancreatic cancer type is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), representing 90 to 95% of all pancreatic malignancies. PC is one of the cancers with the worst prognoses due to its non-specific symptoms that lead to a late diagnosis, but also due to the high resistance it develops to anticancer drugs. Gemcitabine is a standard treatment option for PDAC, however, resistance to this anticancer drug develops very fast. The microbiome was recently classified as a cancer hallmark and has emerged in several studies detailing how it promotes drug resistance. However, this area of study still has seen very little development, and more answers will help in developing personalized medicine. PC is one of the cancers with the highest mortality rates; therefore, it is crucial to explore how the microbiome may mold the response to reference drugs used in PDAC, such as gemcitabine. In this article, we provide a review of what has already been investigated regarding the impact that the microbiome has on the development of PDAC in terms of its effect on the gemcitabine pathway, which may influence the response to gemcitabine. Therapeutic advances in this type of GIC could bring innovative solutions and more effective therapeutic strategies for other types of GIC, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), due to its close relation with the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mendes
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Edifício de Geociências, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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9
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Maloney S, Clarke SJ, Sahni S, Hudson A, Colvin E, Mittal A, Samra J, Pavlakis N. The role of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in the management of early pancreatic cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13437-13450. [PMID: 37460806 PMCID: PMC10587199 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite modern advances in cancer medicine, pancreatic cancer survival remains unchanged at just 12%. For the small proportion of patients diagnosed with 'early' (upfront or borderline resectable) disease, recurrences are common, and many recur soon after surgery. Whilst chemotherapy has been shown to increase survival in this cohort, the morbidity of surgery renders many candidates unsuitable for adjuvant treatment. Due to this, and the success of upfront chemotherapy in the advanced setting, use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been introduced in patients with upfront or borderline resectable disease. Randomized controlled trials have been conducted to compare upfront surgery to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in this patient cohort, opinions on the ideal upfront treatment approach are divided. This lack of consensus has highlighted the need for biomarkers to assist in clinical decision making. This review analyses the potential diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers that may assist in the diagnosis and management of early (upfront and borderline resectable) pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Maloney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia.
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Clarke
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
| | - Amanda Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
| | - Emily Colvin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
| | - Anubhav Mittal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Jaswinder Samra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
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10
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Vahabi M, Comandatore A, Franczak MA, Smolenski RT, Peters GJ, Morelli L, Giovannetti E. Role of exosomes in transferring chemoresistance through modulation of cancer glycolytic cell metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:163-172. [PMID: 37541790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance constitute a major obstacle in cancer treatment, leading to limited options and decreased patient survival. Recent studies have revealed a novel mechanism of chemoresistance acquisition: the transfer of information via exosomes, small vesicles secreted by various cells. Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication by carrying proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, influencing cancer cell behavior and response to treatment. One crucial mechanism of resistance is cancer metabolic reprogramming, which involves alterations in the cellular metabolic pathways to support the survival and proliferation of drug-resistant cancer cells. This metabolic reprogramming often includes increased glycolysis, providing cancer cells with the necessary energy and building blocks to evade the effects of chemotherapy. Notably, exosomes have been found to transport glycolytic enzymes, as identified in proteomic profiling, leading to the reprogramming of metabolic pathways, facilitating altered glucose metabolism and increased lactate production. As a result, they profoundly impact the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor progression, survival, immune evasion, and drug resistance.Understanding the complexities of such exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication might open new therapeutic avenues and facilitate biomarker development in managing cancers characterized by aggressive glycolytic features. Moreover, given the intricate nature of metabolic abnormalities combining future exosome-based-targeted therapies with existing treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies holds promise for achieving synergistic effects to overcome resistance and improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrou Vahabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annalisa Comandatore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marika A Franczak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Pisa, Italy.
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11
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Zhou X, An J, Kurilov R, Brors B, Hu K, Peccerella T, Roessler S, Pfütze K, Schulz A, Wolf S, Hohmann N, Theile D, Sauter M, Burhenne J, Ei S, Heger U, Strobel O, Barry ST, Springfeld C, Tjaden C, Bergmann F, Büchler M, Hackert T, Fortunato F, Neoptolemos JP, Bailey P. Persister cell phenotypes contribute to poor patient outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in PDAC. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1362-1381. [PMID: 37679568 PMCID: PMC10518256 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve the survival of individuals with borderline and unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; however, heterogeneous responses to chemotherapy remain a significant clinical challenge. Here, we performed RNA sequencing (n = 97) and multiplexed immunofluorescence (n = 122) on chemo-naive and postchemotherapy (post-CTX) resected patient samples (chemoradiotherapy excluded) to define the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Transcriptome analysis combined with high-resolution mapping of whole-tissue sections identified GATA6 (classical), KRT17 (basal-like) and cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) coexpressing cells that were preferentially enriched in post-CTX resected samples. The persistence of GATA6hi and KRT17hi cells post-CTX was significantly associated with poor survival after mFOLFIRINOX (mFFX), but not gemcitabine (GEM), treatment. Analysis of organoid models derived from chemo-naive and post-CTX samples demonstrated that CYP3A expression is a predictor of chemotherapy response and that CYP3A-expressing drug detoxification pathways can metabolize the prodrug irinotecan, a constituent of mFFX. These findings identify CYP3A-expressing drug-tolerant cell phenotypes in residual disease that may ultimately inform adjuvant treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingyu An
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roma Kurilov
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Disease (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Peccerella
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Pfütze
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- NGS Core Facility, The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolf
- NGS Core Facility, The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Hohmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Theile
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Sauter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shigenori Ei
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ulrike Heger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Tjaden
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Botton-Champalimaud Pancreatic Cancer Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Franco Fortunato
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Botton-Champalimaud Pancreatic Cancer Center, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Peter Bailey
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Botton-Champalimaud Pancreatic Cancer Center, Lisbon, Portugal.
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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12
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Xi Y, Chen H, Xi Y, Hai W, Qu Q, Zhang M, Li B. Visualization research on ENT1/NIS dual-function gene therapy to reverse drug resistance mediated by MUC1 in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 120-121:108350. [PMID: 37229950 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use bifunctional target genes to increase the intracellular transport of gemcitabine (GEM) to reverse chemotherapy resistance and to simultaneously use reporter gene imaging to localize therapeutic genes. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by [18F]FLT PET/CT to visualize the effect of gene therapy. METHODS A viral gene vector containing the pancreatic cancer-targeting promoter MUC1 for specific transcription of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and NIS (nuclide transport channel) was employed. [125I]NaI uptake tests and [131I]NaI SPECT imaging were performed to verify the function of NIS and the target function of MUC1. The correlation between [18F]FLT uptake and GEM resistance were assessed, and the influence ENT1 and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) expression on [18F]FLT micro-PET/CT was measured, which provides a theoretical basis for the use of [18F]FLT micro-PET/CT to evaluate the efficacy of gene therapy. RESULTS First, functions of gene therapy were confirmed: ENT1 reversed the drug resistance of GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells by increasing GEM intracellular transport; MUC1 drove NIS target gene expression in pancreatic cancer; and therapeutic genes could be localized using [131I]NaI SPECT reporter gene imaging. Second, the [18F]FLT uptake ratio was affected by drug resistance and GEM treatment. The mechanism underlying this effect was related to ENT1 and TK1. Increased expression of ENT1 inhibited the expression of TK1 after GEM chemotherapy to reduce the uptake of [18F]FLT. Finally, micro-PET/CT indicated that the SUVmax of [18F]FLT could predict survival time. SUVmax exhibited an increasing trend in resistant pancreatic cancer but a trend of inhibition after upregulation of ENT1, which was more significant after GEM treatment. CONCLUSIONS Bifunctional targeted genes can localize therapeutic genes through reporter gene imaging, reverse the drug resistance of GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer and be visually evaluated through [18F]FLT micro-PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangxi Hai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Springfeld C, Ferrone CR, Katz MHG, Philip PA, Hong TS, Hackert T, Büchler MW, Neoptolemos J. Neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:318-337. [PMID: 36932224 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are best treated with surgical resection of the primary tumour and systemic chemotherapy, which provides considerably longer overall survival (OS) durations than either modality alone. Regardless, most patients will have disease relapse owing to micrometastatic disease. Although currently a matter of some debate, considerable research interest has been focused on the role of neoadjuvant therapy for all forms of resectable PDAC. Whilst adjuvant combination chemotherapy remains the standard of care for patients with resectable PDAC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy seems to improve OS without necessarily increasing the resection rate in those with borderline-resectable disease. Furthermore, around 20% of patients with unresectable non-metastatic PDAC might undergo resection following 4-6 months of induction combination chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, even in the absence of a clear radiological response, leading to improved OS outcomes in this group. Distinct molecular and biological responses to different types of therapies need to be better understood in order to enable the optimal sequencing of specific treatment modalities to further improve OS. In this Review, we describe current treatment strategies for the various clinical stages of PDAC and discuss developments that are likely to determine the optimal sequence of multimodality therapies by integrating the fundamental clinical and molecular features of the cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumour Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Matthew H G Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip A Philip
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Research and Scientific Affairs, Gastrointestinal Service Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Neoptolemos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Wang W, Yu X, Li H, Yang C, Jin C, Huang X. hENT1's role in adjuvant intra-arterial gemcitabine-based chemotherapy for resectable pancreatic cancer patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:35. [PMID: 36755224 PMCID: PMC9909848 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to verify the role of hENT1 as a prognostic predictor for patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who underwent radical resection followed by intra-arterial infusion of gemcitabine-based regimen. METHODS We collected surgical samples from 102 patients with resectable PDAC who received radical resection followed by intra-arterial infusion of gemcitabine-based regimen. The hENT1 expression with the help of immunohistochemistry was conducted using formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissues. The Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox regression were used to evaluate the mortality hazard associated with the discrepancy between strong and weak of hENT1 expression. Patients' clinical and pathological characteristics were compared between the two groups, then the role of hENT1 as a prognostic predictor was further explored. RESULTS A total of 102 patients were included to assess the hENT1 expression. 50 patients were classified into high hENT1 expression group, the other 52 patients were attributed into low hENT1 expression group. High hENT1 expression was related to a significantly improved overall survival (OS) (p = 0.014) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.004). Both univariate (p = 0.001) and multivariate analyses (p < 0.001) indicated that high hENT1 expression was related to a decreased mortality. CONCLUSIONS High expression of hENT1 is positive prognostic factor for adjuvant intra-arterial gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in resectable PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 S. Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Xinzhe Yu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 S. Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Hengchao Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 S. Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Chuanxin Yang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 S. Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 S. Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 S. Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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15
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Puris E, Fricker G, Gynther M. The Role of Solute Carrier Transporters in Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020364. [PMID: 36839686 PMCID: PMC9966068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug resistance is a major obstacle in anticancer drug delivery and a key reason for cancer drug therapy failure. Membrane solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of drugs. The expression and function of the SLC transporters can be down-regulated in cancer cells, which limits the uptake of drugs into the tumor cells, resulting in the inefficiency of the drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of low-SLC-transporter-expression-mediated drug resistance in different types of cancers. Recent advances in SLC-transporter-targeting strategies include the development of transporter-utilizing prodrugs and nanocarriers and the modulation of SLC transporter expression in cancer cells. These strategies will play an important role in the future development of anticancer drug therapies by enabling the efficient delivery of drugs into cancer cells.
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16
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Perera S, Jang GH, Wang Y, Kelly D, Allen M, Zhang A, Denroche RE, Dodd A, Ramotar S, Hutchinson S, Tehfe M, Ramjeesingh R, Biagi J, Lam B, Wilson J, Fischer SE, Zogopoulos G, Notta F, Gallinger S, Grant RC, Knox JJ, O'Kane GM. hENT1 Expression Predicts Response to Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5115-5120. [PMID: 36222851 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Modified FOLFIRINOX (mFFX) and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (GnP) remain standard first-line options for patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) was hypothesized to be a biomarker of gemcitabine in the adjuvant setting, with conflicting results. In this study, we explore hENT1 mRNA expression as a predictive biomarker in advanced PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN COMPASS was a prospective observational trial of patients with advanced PDAC. A biopsy was required prior to initiating chemotherapy, as determined by treating physician. Biopsies underwent laser capture microdissection prior to whole genome and RNA sequencing. The cut-off thresholds for hENT1 expression were determined using the maximal χ2 statistic. RESULTS 253 patients were included in the analyses with a median follow-up of 32 months, with 138 patients receiving mFFX and 92 receiving GnP. In the intention to treat population, median overall survival (OS) was 10.0 months in hENT1high versus 7.9 months in hENT1low (P = 0.02). In patients receiving mFFX, there was no difference in overall response rate (ORR; 35% vs. 28%, P = 0.56) or median OS (10.6 vs. 10.5 months, P = 0.45). However, in patients treated with GnP, the ORR was significantly higher in hENT1high compared with hENT1low tumors (43% vs. 21%, P = 0.038). Median OS in this GnP-treated cohort was 10.6 months in hENT1high versus 6.7 months hENT1low (P < 0.001). In an interaction analysis, hENT1 was predictive of treatment response to GnP (interaction P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS In advanced PDAC, hENT1 mRNA expression predicts ORR and OS in patients receiving GnP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheron Perera
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gun Ho Jang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yifan Wang
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Deirdre Kelly
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Allen
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Zhang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anna Dodd
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Ramotar
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Hutchinson
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mustapha Tehfe
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ravi Ramjeesingh
- Nova Scotia Cancer Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - James Biagi
- Queen's University, Cancer Center of Southeastern Ontario, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Lam
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Wilson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra E Fischer
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Zogopoulos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert C Grant
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer J Knox
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grainne M O'Kane
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Role of drug catabolism, modulation of oncogenic signaling and tumor microenvironment in microbe-mediated pancreatic cancer chemoresistance. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100864. [PMID: 36115181 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the highest incidence/death ratios among all neoplasms due to its late diagnosis and dominant chemoresistance. Most PDAC patients present with an advanced disease characterized by a multifactorial, inherent and acquired resistance to current anticancer treatments. This remarkable chemoresistance has been ascribed to several PDAC features including the genetic landscape, metabolic alterations, and a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment that is characterized by dense fibrosis, and a cellular contexture including functionally distinct subclasses of cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune suppressive cells, but also a number of bacteria, shaping a specific tumor microbiome microenvironment. Thus, recent studies prompted the emergence of a new research avenue, by describing the role of the microbiome in gemcitabine resistance, while next-generation-sequencing analyses identified a specific microbiome in different tumors, including PDAC. Functionally, the contribution of these microbes to PDAC chemoresistance is only beginning to be explored. Here we provide an overview of the studies demonstrating that bacteria have the capacity to metabolically transform and hence inactivate anticancer drugs, as exemplified by the inhibition of the efficacy of 10 out of 30 chemotherapeutics by Escherichia coli. Moreover, a number of bacteria modulate specific oncogenic pathways, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, affecting autophagy and apoptosis induction by 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. We hypothesize that improved understanding of how chemoresistance is driven by bacteria could enhance the efficacy of current treatments, and discuss the potential of microbiome modulation and targeted therapeutic approaches as well as the need for more reliable models and biomarkers to translate the findings of preclinical/translational research to the clinical setting, and ultimately overcome PDAC chemoresistance, hence improving clinical outcome.
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18
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Xi Y, Li T, Xi Y, Zeng X, Miao Y, Guo R, Zhang M, Li B. Combination treatment with hENT1 and miR-143 reverses gemcitabine resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:271. [PMID: 36050724 PMCID: PMC9438150 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer and is susceptible to develop gemcitabine (GEM) resistance. Decreased expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) accompanied by compensatory increase of glycolysis is strongly associated with GEM resistance in TNBC. In this study, we investigated the treatment feasibility of combined hENT1 upregulation and miR-143-mediated inhibition of glycolysis for reversing GEM resistance in TNBC. Methods Experiments were performed in vitro and in vivo to compare the efficacy of GEM therapies. In this study, we established stable drug-resistant cell line, GEM-R cells, from parental cells (MDA-MB-231) through exposure to GEM following a stepwise incremental dosing strategy. Then GEM-R cells were transfected by lentiviral plasmids and GEM-R cells overexpressing hENT1 (GEM-R-hENT1) were established. The viability and apoptosis of wild-type (MDA-MB-231), GEM-R, and GEM-R-hENT1 cells treated with GEM or GEM + miR-143 were analyzed by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. The RNA expression and protein expression were measured by RT-PCR and western blotting respectively. GEM uptake was determined by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis. Glycolysis was measured by glucose assay and 18F-FDG uptake. The antitumor effect was assessed in vivo in a tumor xenograft model by evaluating toxicity, tumor volume, and maximum standardized uptake value in 18F-FDG PET. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence photography were taken in tumor samples. Pairwise comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test. Results Our results represented that overexpression of hENT1 reversed GEM resistance in GEM-R cells by showing lower IC50 and higher rate of apoptosis. MiR-143 suppressed glycolysis in GEM-R cells and enhanced the effect of reversing GEM resistance in GEM-R-hENT1 cells. The therapeutic efficacy was validated using a xenograft mouse model. Combination treatment decreased tumor growth rate and maximum standardized uptake value in 18F-FDG PET more effectively. Conclusions Combined therapy of exogenous upregulation of hENT1 expression and miR-143 mimic administration was effective in reversing GEM resistance, providing a promising strategy for treating GEM-resistant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Collaboration Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Ruijin Center, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Collaboration Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Ruijin Center, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yun Xi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Collaboration Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Ruijin Center, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyi Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Collaboration Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Ruijin Center, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Collaboration Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Ruijin Center, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Collaboration Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Ruijin Center, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Collaboration Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Ruijin Center, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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19
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Li J, Peng L, Chen Q, Ye Z, Zhao T, Hou S, Gu J, Hang Q. Integrin β1 in Pancreatic Cancer: Expressions, Functions, and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143377. [PMID: 35884437 PMCID: PMC9318555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving the survival rate of PC patients. Emerging studies show that integrins might contribute to the pathogenesis of PC. This review presents the various signaling pathways that are mediated by integrins in PC and emphasizes the multiple functions of integrin β1 in malignant behaviors of PC. It also discusses the clinical significance of integrin β1 as well as integrin β1-based therapy in PC patients. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by rapid progression and a high mortality rate. The current treatment is still based on surgical treatment, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and new methods of combining immune and molecular biological treatments are being explored. Despite this, the survival rate of PC patients is still very disappointing. Therefore, clarifying the molecular mechanism of PC pathogenesis and developing precisely targeted drugs are key to improving PC prognosis. As the most common β subunit of the integrin family, integrin β1 has been proved to be closely related to the vascular invasion, distant metastasis, and survival of PC patients, and treatment targeting integrin β1 in PC has gained initial success in animal models. In this review, we summarize the various signaling pathways by which integrins are involved in PC, focusing on the roles of integrin β1 in the malignant behaviors of PC. Additionally, recent studies regarding the feasibility of integrin β1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in PC are also discussed. Finally, we present the progress of several integrin β1-based clinical trials to highlight the potential of integrin β1 as a target for personalized therapy in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Liyao Peng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Qun Chen
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Ziping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (S.H.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 81-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-13-8145-8885 (Q.H.)
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 81-8558, Japan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-13-8145-8885 (Q.H.)
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20
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Emran TB, Shahriar A, Mahmud AR, Rahman T, Abir MH, Siddiquee MFR, Ahmed H, Rahman N, Nainu F, Wahyudin E, Mitra S, Dhama K, Habiballah MM, Haque S, Islam A, Hassan MM. Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms, Immunoprevention and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891652. [PMID: 35814435 PMCID: PMC9262248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several treatments are available for cancer treatment, but many treatment methods are ineffective against multidrug-resistant cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle to effective therapeutic interventions against cancer. This review describes the known MDR mechanisms in cancer cells and discusses ongoing laboratory approaches and novel therapeutic strategies that aim to inhibit, circumvent, or reverse MDR development in various cancer types. In this review, we discuss both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, in addition to highlighting hypoxia- and autophagy-mediated drug resistance mechanisms. Several factors, including individual genetic differences, such as mutations, altered epigenetics, enhanced drug efflux, cell death inhibition, and various other molecular and cellular mechanisms, are responsible for the development of resistance against anticancer agents. Drug resistance can also depend on cellular autophagic and hypoxic status. The expression of drug-resistant genes and the regulatory mechanisms that determine drug resistance are also discussed. Methods to circumvent MDR, including immunoprevention, the use of microparticles and nanomedicine might result in better strategies for fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Shahriar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, United States
| | - Aar Rafi Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjilur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedy Hasan Abir
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hossain Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nova Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Elly Wahyudin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mahmoud M Habiballah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Koltai T, Reshkin SJ, Carvalho TMA, Di Molfetta D, Greco MR, Alfarouk KO, Cardone RA. Resistance to Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Physiopathologic and Pharmacologic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2486. [PMID: 35626089 PMCID: PMC9139729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and inadequate response to treatment. Many factors contribute to this therapeutic failure: lack of symptoms until the tumor reaches an advanced stage, leading to late diagnosis; early lymphatic and hematic spread; advanced age of patients; important development of a pro-tumoral and hyperfibrotic stroma; high genetic and metabolic heterogeneity; poor vascular supply; a highly acidic matrix; extreme hypoxia; and early development of resistance to the available therapeutic options. In most cases, the disease is silent for a long time, andwhen it does become symptomatic, it is too late for ablative surgery; this is one of the major reasons explaining the short survival associated with the disease. Even when surgery is possible, relapsesare frequent, andthe causes of this devastating picture are the low efficacy ofand early resistance to all known chemotherapeutic treatments. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the roots of this resistance in order to improve the benefits of therapy. PDAC chemoresistance is the final product of different, but to some extent, interconnected factors. Surgery, being the most adequate treatment for pancreatic cancer and the only one that in a few selected cases can achieve longer survival, is only possible in less than 20% of patients. Thus, the treatment burden relies on chemotherapy in mostcases. While the FOLFIRINOX scheme has a slightly longer overall survival, it also produces many more adverse eventsso that gemcitabine is still considered the first choice for treatment, especially in combination with other compounds/agents. This review discusses the multiple causes of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Khalid Omer Alfarouk
- Zamzam Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Temple Terrace, FL 33617, USA
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
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22
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Okamura Y, Boku N, Ghaneh P, Greenhalf W, Yasukawa S, Narimatsu H, Fukutomi A, Konishi M, Morinaga S, Toyama H, Maeda A, Shimizu Y, Nakamori S, Sata N, Yamakita K, Takahashi A, Takayama W, Yamaguchi R, Tomikawa M, Yanagisawa A, Neoptolemos JP, Uesaka K. Concordance of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 expressions between murine (10D7G2) and rabbit (SP120) antibodies and association with clinical outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: A collaborative study from the JASPAC 01 trial. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1507. [PMID: 34327872 PMCID: PMC9124504 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT1) is reported to predict survival of gemcitabine (GEM)-treated patients. However, predictive values of immunohistochemical hENT1 expression may differ according to the antibodies, 10D7G2 and SP120. AIM We aimed to investigate the concordance of immunohistochemical hENT1 expression between the two antibodies and prognosis. METHODS The subjects of this study were totally 332 whose formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens and/or unstained sections were obtained. The individual H-scores and four classifications according to the staining intensity were applied for the evaluation of hENT1 expression by 10D7G2 and SP120, respectively. RESULTS The highest concordance rate (79.8%) was obtained when the cut-off between high and low hENT1 expression using SP120 was set between moderate and strong. There were no correlations of hENT1 mRNA level with H-score (p = .258). Although the hENT1 mRNA level was significantly different among four classifications using SP120 (p = .011), there was no linear relationship among them. Multivariate analyses showed that adjuvant GEM was a significant predictor of the patients with low hENT1 expression using either 10D7G2 (Hazard ratio [HR] 2.39, p = .001) or SP120 (HR 1.84, p < .001). In contrast, agent for adjuvant chemotherapy was not significant predictor for the patients with high hENT1 expression regardless of the kind of antibody. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the two antibodies for evaluating hENT1 expression are equivalent depending on the cut-off point and suggests that S-1 is the first choice of adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer with low hENT1 expression, whereas either S-1 or GEM can be introduced for the pancreatic cancer with high hENT1 expression, no matter which antibody is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyasu Okamura
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryShizuoka Cancer Center HospitalNagaizumiJapan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Paula Ghaneh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - William Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Satoru Yasukawa
- Department of Surgical PathologyKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Department of PathologyJapanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroto Narimatsu
- Cancer Prevention and Control DivisionKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Akira Fukutomi
- Division of Gastrointestinal OncologyShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Masaru Konishi
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaJapan
| | - Soichiro Morinaga
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Hirochika Toyama
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryAichi Cancer Center HospitalNagoyaJapan
| | - Shoji Nakamori
- Division of SurgeryNational Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Keisuke Yamakita
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of MedicineAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Amane Takahashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgerySaitama Cancer CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Wataru Takayama
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryChiba Cancer CenterChibaJapan
| | | | | | - Akio Yanagisawa
- Department of Surgical PathologyKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Department of PathologyJapanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - John P. Neoptolemos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Department of GeneralVisceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Katsuhiko Uesaka
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryShizuoka Cancer Center HospitalNagaizumiJapan
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23
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Imyanitov EN, Iyevleva AG. Molecular tests for prediction of tumor sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:41-52. [PMID: 34808283 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy constitutes the backbone of cancer treatment. Several predictive assays assist personalized administration of cytotoxic drugs and are recommended for use in a clinical setting. The deficiency of DNA repair by homologous recombination (HRD), which is caused by inactivation of BRCA1/2 genes or other genetic events, is associated with high tumor responsiveness to platinum compounds, bifunctional alkylating agents and topoisomerase II poisons. Low activity of MGMT predicts the efficacy of nitrosoureas and tetrazines. Some clinically established pharmacogenetic tests allow for the adjustment of drug dosage, for example, the analysis of DPYD allelic variants for administration of fluoropyrimidines and UGT1A1 genotyping for the use of irinotecan. While there are promising molecular predictors of tumor sensitivity to pemetrexed, gemcitabine and taxanes, they remain in the investigational stage and require additional validation. Comprehensive molecular analysis of tumors obtained from drug responders and non-responders is likely to reveal new clinically useful predictive markers for cytotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 194100, Russia; Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 191015, Russia.
| | - Aglaya G Iyevleva
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 194100, Russia
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24
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Comandatore A, Immordino B, Balsano R, Capula M, Garajovà I, Ciccolini J, Giovannetti E, Morelli L. Potential Role of Exosomes in the Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:286. [PMID: 35204377 PMCID: PMC8871170 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a growing number of studies have evaluated the role of exosomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC) demonstrating their involvement in a multitude of pathways, including the induction of chemoresistance. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the current knowledge on the role of exosomes in the resistance to gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel, which are two of the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of PDAC patients. Exosomes are vesicular cargos that transport multiple miRNAs, mRNAs and proteins from one cell to another cell and some of these factors can influence specific determinants of gemcitabine activity, such as the nucleoside transporter hENT1, or multidrug resistance proteins involved in the resistance to paclitaxel. Additional mechanisms underlying exosome-mediated resistance include the modulation of apoptotic pathways, cellular metabolism, or the modulation of oncogenic miRNA, such as miR-21 and miR-155. The current status of studies on circulating exosomal miRNA and their possible role as biomarkers are also discussed. Finally, we integrated the preclinical data with emerging clinical evidence, showing how the study of exosomes could help to predict the resistance of individual tumors, and guide the clinicians in the selection of innovative therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Comandatore
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Benoit Immordino
- Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.I.); (M.C.)
- SMARTc Unit, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068 Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Rita Balsano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy;
| | - Mjriam Capula
- Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.I.); (M.C.)
| | - Ingrid Garajovà
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy;
| | - Joseph Ciccolini
- SMARTc Unit, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068 Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.I.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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25
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The Impact of Biomarkers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma on Diagnosis, Surveillance and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010217. [PMID: 35008381 PMCID: PMC8750069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Due to the frequently late diagnosis, early metastasis and high therapy resistance curation is rare and prognosis remains poor overall. To provide early diagnostic and therapeutic predictors, various molecules from blood, tissue and other origin e.g., saliva, urine and stool, have been identified as biomarkers. This review summarizes current trends in biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still difficult to treat due to insufficient methods for early diagnosis and prediction of therapy response. Furthermore, surveillance after curatively intended surgery lacks adequate methods for timely detection of recurrence. Therefore, several molecules have been analyzed as predictors of recurrence or early detection of PDAC. Enhanced understanding of molecular tumorigenesis and treatment response triggered the identification of novel biomarkers as predictors for response to conventional chemotherapy or targeted therapy. In conclusion, progress has been made especially in the prediction of therapy response with biomarkers. The use of molecules for early detection and recurrence of PDAC is still at an early stage, but there are promising approaches in noninvasive biomarkers, composite panels and scores that can already ameliorate the current clinical practice. The present review summarizes the current state of research on biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Yang C, Jiang Y, Hao SH, Yan XY, Hong DF, Naranmandura H. Aptamers: an emerging navigation tool of therapeutic agents for targeted cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:20-33. [PMID: 34881767 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents have been used for the treatment of numerous cancers, but due to poor selectivity and severe systemic side effects, their clinical application is limited. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA aptamers could conjugate with highly toxic chemotherapy drugs, toxins, therapeutic RNAs or other molecules as novel aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs), which are capable of significantly improving the therapeutic efficacy and reducing the systemic toxicity of drugs and have great potential in clinics for targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed and summarized the current advances in the screening approaches of aptamers for specific cancer biomarker targeting and development of the aptamer-drug conjugate strategy for targeted drug delivery. Moreover, considering the huge progress in artificial intelligence (AI) for protein and RNA structure predictions, automatic design of aptamers using deep/machine learning techniques could be a powerful approach for rapid and precise construction of biopharmaceutics (i.e., ApDCs) for application in cancer targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sai Heng Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xing Yi Yan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - De Fei Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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Zhao X, Ma Y, Dong X, Zhang Z, Tian X, Zhao X, Yang Y. Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: potential diagnostic and prognostic significance in clinical practice. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2021; 10:796-810. [PMID: 35004946 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-20-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical value of heterogeneous sub-populations of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 67 PDAC patients. CTCs were isolated by employing CD45 negative enrichment technique and further characterized for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) or human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT-1). The relationships between CTCs sub-phenotypes with clinicopathological factors or post-operative recurrence in PDAC patients were analyzed. RESULTS EMT related CTCs could be isolated and identified from the 81% of patients (54/67), and both the total count (median: 5 vs. 17/mL, P<0.0001) and M-CTC percentage (median: 0.2 vs. 0.345, P=0.0244) of CTCs could differentiate local/regional with metastatic disease. Multivariate analysis showed that both AJCC stage (P=0.025) and M-CTC percentage (P=0.001) were independent prognostic indicators of recurrence free survival (RFS) in resected patients. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that M-CTC after 2 courses of chemotherapy was significantly associated with inferior RFS (49.5 weeks vs. undefined, P=0.0288). No significant correlation in hENT-1 expression was found between CTCs and matched tumor tissues, and further multivariate analysis suggested hENT-1 expression in CTCs as independent prognostic factor for RFS (P=0.016). Patients with low hENT-1 expression in CTCs had decreased RFS (32 weeks vs. undefined, P=0.0337). CONCLUSIONS CTCs could be the promising diagnostic biomarkers in PDAC patients, and phenotypic profiling of CTCs based on EMT or hENT-1 could help establish novel prognostic biomarkers in resected patients undergoing adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. KEYWORDS Circulating tumor cells (CTCs); Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT); human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xu Z, Hu K, Bailey P, Springfeld C, Roth S, Kurilov R, Brors B, Gress T, Buchholz M, An J, Wei K, Peccerella T, Büchler MW, Hackert T, Neoptolemos JP. Clinical Impact of Molecular Subtyping of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:743908. [PMID: 34805152 PMCID: PMC8603393 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.743908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly lethal malignancy, which has now become the seventh most common cause of cancer death in the world, with the highest mortality rates in Europe and North America. In the past 30 years, there has been some progress in 5-year survival (rates increasing from 2.5 to 10%), but this is still extremely poor compared to all other common cancer types. Targeted therapies for advanced pancreatic cancer based on actionable mutations have been disappointing, with only 3–5% showing even a short clinical benefit. There is, however, a molecular diversity beyond mutations in genes responsible for producing classical canonical signaling pathways. Pancreatic cancer is almost unique in promoting an excess production of other components of the stroma, resulting in a complex tumor microenvironment that contributes to tumor development, progression, and response to treatment. Various transcriptional subtypes have also been described. Most notably, there is a strong alignment between the Classical/Pancreatic progenitor and Quasi-mesenchymal/Basal-like/Squamous subtype signatures of Moffit, Collinson, Bailey, Puleo, and Chan-Seng-Yue, which have potential clinical impact. Sequencing of epithelial cell populations enriched by laser capture microscopy combined with single-cell RNA sequencing has revealed the potential genomic evolution of pancreatic cancer as being a consequence of a gene expression continuum from mixed Basal-like and Classical cell populations within the same tumor, linked to allelic imbalances in mutant KRAS, with metastatic tumors being more copy number-unstable compared to primary tumors. The Basal-like subtype appears more chemoresistant with reduced survival compared to the Classical subtype. Chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation will also enrich the Basal-like subtype. Squamous/Basal-like programs facilitate immune infiltration compared with the Classical-like programs. The immune infiltrates associated with Basal and Classical type cells are distinct, potentially opening the door to differential strategies. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics will now allow single cell profiling of tumor and resident immune cell populations that may further advance subtyping. Multiple clinical trials have been launched based on transcriptomic response signatures and molecular subtyping including COMPASS, Precision Promise, ESPAC6/7, PREDICT-PACA, and PASS1. We review several approaches to explore the clinical relevance of molecular profiling to provide optimal bench-to-beside translation with clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Surgical Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Surgical Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bailey
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Surgical Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roma Kurilov
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jingyu An
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Surgical Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kongyuan Wei
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Surgical Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Peccerella
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Surgical Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Surgical Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Aughton K, Elander NO, Evans A, Jackson R, Campbell F, Costello E, Halloran CM, Mackey JR, Scarfe AG, Valle JW, Carter R, Cunningham D, Tebbutt NC, Goldstein D, Shannon J, Glimelius B, Hackert T, Charnley RM, Anthoney A, Lerch MM, Mayerle J, Palmer DH, Büchler MW, Ghaneh P, Neoptolemos JP, Greenhalf W. hENT1 Predicts Benefit from Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer but Only with Low CDA mRNA. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5758. [PMID: 34830914 PMCID: PMC8616255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based treatments can be selected for pancreatic cancer. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) predicts adjuvant gemcitabine treatment benefit over 5-FU. Cytidine deaminase (CDA), inside or outside of the cancer cell, will deaminate gemcitabine, altering transporter affinity. ESPAC-3(v2) was a pancreatic cancer trial comparing adjuvant gemcitabine and 5-FU. Tissue microarray sections underwent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Analysis of both CDA and hENT1 was possible with 277 patients. The transcript did not correlate with protein levels for either marker. High hENT1 protein was prognostic with gemcitabine; median overall survival was 26.0 v 16.8 months (p = 0.006). Low CDA transcript was prognostic regardless of arm; 24.8 v 21.2 months with gemcitabine (p = 0.02) and 26.4 v 14.6 months with 5-FU (p = 0.02). Patients with low hENT1 protein did better with 5-FU, but only if the CDA transcript was low (median survival of 5-FU v gemcitabine; 29.3 v 18.3 months, compared with 14.2 v 14.6 with high CDA). CDA mRNA is an independent prognostic biomarker. When added to hENT1 protein status, it may also provide treatment-specific predictive information and, within the frame of a personalized treatment strategy, guide to either gemcitabine or 5FU for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Aughton
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, 2nd Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton St, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Nils O Elander
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, 2nd Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton St, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anthony Evans
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, 2nd Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton St, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Richard Jackson
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, 2nd Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton St, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, 2nd Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton St, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Eithne Costello
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, 2nd Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton St, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Christopher M Halloran
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, 2nd Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton St, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - John R Mackey
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Andrew G Scarfe
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Juan W Valle
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | | | - David Cunningham
- Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | | | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Hospital and Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jennifer Shannon
- Nepean Cancer Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69047 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum der LMU München-Grosshadern, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Daniel H Palmer
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, 2nd Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton St, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69047 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Ghaneh
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, 2nd Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton St, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69047 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Greenhalf
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, 2nd Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton St, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
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Pappalardo A, Giunta EF, Tirino G, Pompella L, Federico P, Daniele B, De Vita F, Petrillo A. Adjuvant Treatment in Pancreatic Cancer: Shaping the Future of the Curative Setting. Front Oncol 2021; 11:695627. [PMID: 34485130 PMCID: PMC8415474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.695627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease even in the early stages, despite progresses in surgical and pharmacological treatment in recent years. High potential for metastases is the main cause of therapeutic failure in localized disease, highlighting the current limited knowledge of underlying pathological processes. However, nowadays research is focusing on the search for personalized approaches also in the adjuvant setting for PDAC, by implementing the use of biomarkers and investigating new therapeutic targets. In this context, the aim of this narrative review is to summarize the current treatment scenario and new potential therapeutic approaches in early stage PDAC, from both a preclinical and clinical point of view. Additionally, the review examines the role of target therapies in localized PDAC and the influence of neoadjuvant treatments on survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Pappalardo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tirino
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Pompella
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Daniele
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Petrillo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Yamamoto M, Sanomachi T, Suzuki S, Uchida H, Yonezawa H, Higa N, Takajo T, Yamada Y, Sugai A, Togashi K, Seino S, Okada M, Sonoda Y, Hirano H, Yoshimoto K, Kitanaka C. Roles for hENT1 and dCK in gemcitabine sensitivity and malignancy of meningioma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:945-954. [PMID: 33556172 PMCID: PMC8168817 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade meningiomas are aggressive tumors with high morbidity and mortality rates that frequently recur even after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. However, limited information is currently available on the biology of these tumors, and no alternative adjuvant treatment options exist. Although we previously demonstrated that high-grade meningioma cells were highly sensitive to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Methods We examined the roles of hENT1 (human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1) and dCK (deoxycytidine kinase) in the gemcitabine sensitivity and growth of meningioma cells in vitro. Tissue samples from meningiomas (26 WHO grade I and 21 WHO grade II/III meningiomas) were immunohistochemically analyzed for hENT1 and dCK as well as for Ki-67 as a marker of proliferative activity. Results hENT1 and dCK, which play critical roles in the intracellular transport and activation of gemcitabine, respectively, were responsible for the high gemcitabine sensitivity of high-grade meningioma cells and were strongly expressed in high-grade meningiomas. hENT1 expression was required for the proliferation and survival of high-grade meningioma cells and dCK expression. Furthermore, high hENT1 and dCK expression levels correlated with stronger tumor cell proliferative activity and shorter survival in meningioma patients. Conclusions The present results suggest that hENT1 is a key molecular factor influencing the growth capacity and gemcitabine sensitivity of meningioma cells and also that hENT1, together with dCK, may be a viable prognostic marker for meningioma patients as well as a predictive marker of their responses to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamamoto
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sanomachi
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shuhei Suzuki
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hajime Yonezawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nayuta Higa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takajo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Neurosurgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Asuka Sugai
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keita Togashi
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shizuka Seino
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masashi Okada
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- Neurosurgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chifumi Kitanaka
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Sciences, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Lin Q, Qian Z, Jusko WJ, Mager DE, Ma WW, Straubinger RM. Synergistic Pharmacodynamic Effects of Gemcitabine and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors on Pancreatic Cancer Cell Cycle Kinetics and Proliferation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:370-384. [PMID: 33753538 PMCID: PMC9885358 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Median survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC) is 6 months, with 9% 5-year survival. Standard-of-care gemcitabine (Gem) provides only modest survival benefits, and combination therapies integrating novel targeted agents could improve outcomes. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors (FGFRs) play important roles in PDAC growth and invasion. Therefore, FGFR inhibitors (FGFRi) merit further investigation. Efficacy of Gem combined with NVP-BGJ398, a pan-FGFRi, was investigated in multiple PDAC cell lines exposed to the drugs alone and combined. Cell cycle distribution and cell numbers were quantified over time. Two pharmacodynamic models were developed to investigate Gem/BGJ398 interactions quantitatively: a drug-mediated cell proliferation/death model, and a drug-perturbed cell cycle progression model. The models captured temporal changes in cell numbers, cell cycle progression, and cell death during drug exposure. Simultaneous fitting of all data provided reasonable parameter estimates. Therapeutic efficacy was then evaluated in a PDAC mouse model. Compared with Gem alone, combined Gem + FGFRi significantly downregulated ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase large subunit 1 (RRM1), a gemcitabine resistance (GemR) biomarker, suggesting the FGFRi inhibited GemR emergence. The cell proliferation/death pharmacodynamic model estimated the drug interaction coefficient ψ death = 0.798, suggesting synergistic effects. The mechanism-based cell cycle progression model estimated drug interaction coefficient ψ cycle = 0.647, also suggesting synergy. Thus, FGFR inhibition appears to synergize with Gem in PDAC cells and tumors by sensitizing cells to Gem-mediated inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle progression. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: An integrated approach of quantitative modeling and experimentation was employed to investigate the nature of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor (FGFRi)/gemcitabine (Gem) interaction, and to identify mechanisms by which FGFRi exposure reverses Gem resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. The results show that FGFRi interacts synergistically with Gem to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells and tumors to Gem-mediated inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle progression. Thus, addition of FGFRi to standard-of-care Gem treatment could be a clinically deployable approach to enhance therapeutic benefit to pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (R.M.S.; Z.Q., W.J.J., D.E.M.); Departments of Cell Stress Biology (Q.L., R.M.S.) and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.M.S.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York; and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (W.W.M.)
| | - Zhicheng Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (R.M.S.; Z.Q., W.J.J., D.E.M.); Departments of Cell Stress Biology (Q.L., R.M.S.) and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.M.S.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York; and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (W.W.M.)
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (R.M.S.; Z.Q., W.J.J., D.E.M.); Departments of Cell Stress Biology (Q.L., R.M.S.) and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.M.S.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York; and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (W.W.M.)
| | - Donald E Mager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (R.M.S.; Z.Q., W.J.J., D.E.M.); Departments of Cell Stress Biology (Q.L., R.M.S.) and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.M.S.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York; and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (W.W.M.)
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (R.M.S.; Z.Q., W.J.J., D.E.M.); Departments of Cell Stress Biology (Q.L., R.M.S.) and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.M.S.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York; and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (W.W.M.)
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (R.M.S.; Z.Q., W.J.J., D.E.M.); Departments of Cell Stress Biology (Q.L., R.M.S.) and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.M.S.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York; and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (W.W.M.)
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Jiang Z, Hou Z, Liu W, Yu Z, Liang Z, Chen S. circ-Keratin 6c Promotes Malignant Progression and Immune Evasion of Colorectal Cancer through microRNA-485-3p/Programmed Cell Death Receptor Ligand 1 Axis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:358-367. [PMID: 33771844 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, circular RNA was reported to be a significant participant in the development of tumorigenesis, including colorectal cancer. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the precise role of circ-keratin 6C (circ-KRT6C) in colorectal cancer progression. The relative expression levels of circ-KRT6C, microRNA-485-3p (miR-485-3p), and programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PDL1) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. The proliferation was assessed by cell count kit 8 and colony-forming assays. The apoptotic cells were determined by flow cytometry assay. The migration and invasion were analyzed by transwell assay. Colorectal cancer cells were cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or cytokine-induced killer cells to assess immune response. The interaction relationships among circ-KRT6C, miR-485-3p, and PDL1 were examined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The effects of circ-KRT6C inhibition in vivo were analyzed by an animal experiment. circ-KRT6C was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues and cells, and its level was associated with overall survival time of patients with colorectal cancer. The suppression of circ-KRT6C suppressed growth, migration, invasion, and immune escape while stimulating apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells, which was abolished by shortage of miR-485-3p. In addition, overexpression of miR-485-3p repressed malignant progression and immune evasion of colorectal cancer by targeting PDL1, implying that PDL1 was a functional target of miR-485-3p. A xenograft experiment also suggested that circ-KRT6C inhibition could repress tumor growth in vivo. circ-KRT6C could increase PDL1 expression by functioning as an miR-485-3p sponge, which promoted malignant progression and immune evasion of colorectal cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: circ-keratin 6c could increase programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 expression by functioning as a microRNA-16-5p sponge, which promoted malignant progression and immune evasion of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Zehui Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Zhuomin Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Zhiqiang Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
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Shin DW, Lee JC, Kim J, Yoon YS, Han HS, Kim H, Hwang JH. Tailored adjuvant gemcitabine versus 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid based on hENT1 immunohistochemical staining in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A biomarker stratified prospective trial. Pancreatology 2021; 21:796-804. [PMID: 33795193 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of tailored adjuvant chemotherapy according to human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) expression in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). METHODS Patients who underwent pancreatectomy for PDA were enrolled prospectively. According to intra-tumoral hENT1 expression, the high hENT1 (≥50%) group received gemcitabine and the low hENT1 (<50%) group received 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid (5-FU/FA). The propensity score-matched control consisted of patients who received hENT1-independent adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary outcome was recurrence free survival (RFS) and the secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and toxicities. RESULTS Between May 2015 and June 2017, we enrolled 44 patients with resected PDA. During a median follow-up period of 28.5 months, the intention-to-treat population showed much longer median RFS [22.9 (95% CI, 11.3-34.5) vs. 10.9 (95% CI, 6.9-14.9) months, P = 0.043] and median OS [36.2 (95% CI, 26.5-45.9) vs. 22.1 (95% CI, 17.7-26.6) months, P = 0.001] compared to the controls. Among 5 patients in the low hENT1 group who discontinued treatment, 2 patients receiving 5-FU/FA discontinued treatment due to drug toxicities (febrile neutropenia and toxic epidermal necrolysis). CONCLUSION Tailored adjuvant chemotherapy based on hENT1 staining provides excellent clinical outcomes among patients with resected PDA. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02486497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaihwan Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Seok Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Hwang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Nucleosides play central roles in all facets of life, from metabolism to cellular signaling. Because of their physiochemical properties, nucleosides are lipid bilayer impermeable and thus rely on dedicated transport systems to cross biological membranes. In humans, two unrelated protein families mediate nucleoside membrane transport: the concentrative and equilibrative nucleoside transporter families. The objective of this review is to provide a broad outlook on the current status of nucleoside transport research. We will discuss the role played by nucleoside transporters in human health and disease, with emphasis placed on recent structural advancements that have revealed detailed molecular principles of these important cellular transport systems and exploitable pharmacological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to: S.-Y. Lee., , tel: 919-684-1005, fax: 919-684-8885
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Kang G, Hu M, Ren H, Wang J, Cheng X, Li R, Yuan B, Balan Y, Bai Z, Huang H. VHH212 nanobody targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α suppresses angiogenesis and potentiates gemcitabine therapy in pancreatic cancer in vivo. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0568. [PMID: 33830713 PMCID: PMC8330535 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a novel anti-HIF-1α intrabody to decrease gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS Surface plasmon resonance and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays were conducted to identify the binding affinity and specificity of anti-HIF-1α VHH212 [a single-domain antibody (nanobody)]. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to determine the protein-protein interactions between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and VHH212. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analyses were performed to identify the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF-A in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. The efficiency of the VHH212 nanobody in inhibiting the HIF-1 signaling pathway was measured using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, a PANC-1 xenograft model was developed to evaluate the anti-tumor efficiency of combined treatment. Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted to detect the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF-A in tumor tissues. RESULTS VHH212 was stably expressed in tumor cells with low cytotoxicity, high affinity, specific subcellular localization, and neutralization of HIF-1α in the cytoplasm or nucleus. The binding affinity between VHH212 and the HIF-1α PAS-B domain was 42.7 nM. Intrabody competitive inhibition of the HIF-1α heterodimer with an aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator was used to inhibit the HIF-1/VEGF pathway in vitro. Compared with single agent gemcitabine, co-treatment with gemcitabine and a VHH212-encoding adenovirus significantly suppressed tumor growth in the xenograft model with 80.44% tumor inhibition. CONCLUSIONS We developed an anti-HIF-1α nanobody and showed the function of VHH212 in a preclinical murine model of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer. The combination of VHH212 and gemcitabine significantly inhibited tumor development. These results suggested that combined use of anti-HIF-1α nanobodies with first-line treatment may in the future be an effective treatment for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Kang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - He Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiewen Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruowei Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yasmine Balan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zixuan Bai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Review of clinical and emerging biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment management of pancreatic cancer: towards personalised medicine. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396921000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Pancreatic cancer is the 12th most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality and accounts for approximately 2·7% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases and 6·4% of all cancer mortalities in Canada. It has a very poor survival rate mainly due to the difficulty of detecting the disease at an early stage. Consequently, in the advancement of disease management towards the concept of precision medicine that takes individual patient variabilities into account, several investigators have focused on the identification of effective clinical biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity, capable of early diagnosis of symptomatic patients and early detection of the disease in asymptomatic individuals at high risk for developing pancreatic cancer.
Materials and methods:
We searched several databases from August to December 2020 for relevant studies published in English between 2000 and 2020 and reporting on biomarkers for the management of pancreatic cancer. In this narrative review paper, we describe 13 clinical and emerging biomarkers for pancreatic cancers used in screening for early detection and diagnosis, to identify patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, to monitor patient response to specific treatment and to provide clinicians the possibility of prospectively identifying groups of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment.
Conclusions:
Current and emerging biomarkers for pancreatic cancer with high specificity and sensitivity has the potential to account for individual patient variabilities, for early detection of disease before the onset of metastasis to improve treatment outcome and patients’ survival, help screen high-risk populations, predict prognosis, provide accurate information of patient response to specific treatment and improve patients monitoring during treatment. Thus, the future holds promise for the use of effective clinical biomarkers or a panel of biomarkers for personalised patient-specific targeted medicine for pancreatic cancer.
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Yang G, Guan W, Cao Z, Guo W, Xiong G, Zhao F, Feng M, Qiu J, Liu Y, Zhang MQ, You L, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Gu J. Integrative Genomic Analysis of Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer by Patient-derived Xenograft Models. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3383-3396. [PMID: 33674273 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gemcitabine is most commonly used for pancreatic cancer. However, the molecular features and mechanisms of the frequently occurring resistance remain unclear. This work aims at exploring the molecular features of gemcitabine resistance and identifying candidate biomarkers and combinatorial targets for the treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we established 66 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) on the basis of clinical pancreatic cancer specimens and treated them with gemcitabine. We generated multiomics data (including whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, miRNA sequencing, and DNA methylation array) of 15 drug-sensitive and 13 -resistant PDXs before and after the gemcitabine treatment. We performed integrative computational analysis to identify the molecular networks related to gemcitabine intrinsic and acquired resistance. Then, short hairpin RNA-based high-content screening was implemented to validate the function of the deregulated genes. RESULTS The comprehensive multiomics analysis and functional experiment revealed that MRPS5 and GSPT1 had strong effects on cell proliferation, and CD55 and DHTKD1 contributed to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, we found miR-135a-5p was significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer and could be a candidate biomarker to predict gemcitabine response. Comparing the molecular features before and after the treatment, we found that PI3K-Akt, p53, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathways were significantly altered in multiple patients, providing candidate target pathways for reducing the acquired resistance. CONCLUSIONS This integrative genomic study systematically investigated the predictive markers and molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer and provides potential therapy targets for overcoming gemcitabine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and, Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Division of BNRist Bioinformatics, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and, Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Division of BNRist Bioinformatics, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guangbing Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and, Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and, Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and, Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and, Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yueze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and, Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Division of BNRist Bioinformatics, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and, Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and, Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and, Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Jin Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Division of BNRist Bioinformatics, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Giannis D, Moris D, Barbas AS. Diagnostic, Predictive and Prognostic Molecular Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview for Clinicians. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051071. [PMID: 33802340 PMCID: PMC7959127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cancer-related cause of death in the United States and is usually asymptomatic in early stages. There is a scarcity of tests that facilitate early diagnosis or accurately predict the disease progression. To this end, biomarkers have been identified as important tools in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer. Despite the increasing number of biomarkers described in the literature, most of them have demonstrated moderate sensitivity and/or specificity and are far from being considered as screening tests. More efficient non-invasive biomarkers are needed to facilitate early-stage diagnosis and interventions. Multi-disciplinary collaboration might be required to facilitate the identification of such markers. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy and is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis. Most patients with PDAC present with an advanced disease stage and treatment-resistant tumors. The lack of noninvasive tests for PDAC diagnosis and survival prediction mandates the identification of novel biomarkers. The early identification of high-risk patients and patients with PDAC is of utmost importance. In addition, the identification of molecules that are associated with tumor biology, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential is crucial to predict survival and to provide patients with personalized treatment regimens. In this review, we summarize the current literature and focus on newer biomarkers, which are continuously added to the armamentarium of PDAC screening, predictive tools, and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Giannis
- Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-21-6571-6614
| | - Andrew S. Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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Wu Z, Xu J, Liang C, Meng Q, Hua J, Wang W, Zhang B, Liu J, Yu X, Shi S. Emerging roles of the solute carrier family in pancreatic cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e356. [PMID: 33783998 PMCID: PMC7989705 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a gastrointestinal tumor with a high mortality rate, and advances in surgical procedures have only resulted in limited improvements in the prognosis of patients. Solute carriers (SLCs), which rank second among membrane transport proteins in terms of abundance, regulate cellular functions, including tumor biology. An increasing number of studies focusing on the role of SLCs in tumor biology have indicated their relationship with pancreatic cancer. The mechanism of SLC transporters in tumorigenesis has been explored to identify more effective therapies and improve survival outcomes. These transporters are significant biomarkers for pancreatic cancer, the functions of which include mainly proliferative signaling, cell death, angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis, energy metabolism, chemotherapy sensitivity and other functions in tumor biology. In this review, we summarize the different roles of SLCs and explain their potential applications in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Nicolle R, Gayet O, Duconseil P, Vanbrugghe C, Roques J, Bigonnet M, Blum Y, Elarouci N, Armenoult L, Ayadi M, de Reyniès A, Puleo F, Augustin J, Emile J, Svrcek M, Arsenijevic T, Hammel P, Giovannini M, Grandval P, Dahan L, Moutardier V, Gilabert M, Van Laethem J, Bachet J, Cros J, Iovanna J, Dusetti N. A transcriptomic signature to predict adjuvant gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:250-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Wang S, Bager CL, Karsdal MA, Chondros D, Taverna D, Willumsen N. Blood-based extracellular matrix biomarkers as predictors of survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma receiving pegvorhyaluronidase alfa. J Transl Med 2021; 19:39. [PMID: 33478521 PMCID: PMC7819178 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is a hallmark of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDA). We investigated fragments of collagen types III (C3M, PRO-C3), VI (PRO-C6), and VIII (C8-C), and versican (VCANM) in plasma as biomarkers for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with mPDA treated with pegvorhyaluronidase alfa, a biologic that degrades the ECM component hyaluronan (HA), in a randomized phase 2 study (HALO109-202). Methods HALO109-202 comprised a discovery cohort (Stage 1, n = 94) and a validation cohort (Stage 2, n = 95). Plasma ECM biomarkers were analyzed by ELISAs. Univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier plots evaluated predictive associations between biomarkers, PFS and OS in patients treated with pegvorhyaluronidase alfa plus nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine (PAG) versus nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine (AG) alone. Results PFS was improved with PAG vs. AG in Stage 1 patients with high C3M/PRO-C3 ratio (median cut-off): median PFS (mPFS) 8.0 vs. 5.3 months, P = 0.031; HR = 0.40; 95% CI 0.17–0.92). High C3M/PRO-C3 ratio was validated in Stage 2 patients by predicting a PFS benefit of PAG vs. AG (mPFS: 8.8 vs. 3.4 months, P = 0.046; HR = 0.46; 95% CI 0.21–0.98). OS was also improved in patients with high C3M/PRO-C3 ratio treated with PAG vs. AG (mOS 13.8 vs 8.5 months, P = 0.009; HR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.16–0.77). Interestingly, high C3M/PRO-C3 ratio predicted for a PFS benefit to PAG vs. AG both in patients with HA-low tumors (HR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.17–0.79) and HA-high tumors (HR = 0.20; 95% CI 0.06–0.69). Conclusions The C3M/PRO-C3 ratio measuring type III collagen turnover in plasma has potential as a blood-based predictive biomarker in patients with mPDA and provides additional value to a HA biopsy when applied for patient selection. Trial registration: NCT01839487. Registered 25 April 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cecilie L Bager
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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Rocha FG. Landmark Series: Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:1400-1406. [PMID: 33386541 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal malignancies despite multimodality therapy. In the last several years, genomic studies have revealed that carcinogenesis is driven largely by key driver mutations that can be targeted for oncologic therapy. In addition, advances in cancer immunology have identified receptors and monoclonal antibodies that can be manipulated into harnessing the power of the host's immune system for antitumor treatment. These strategies have generated a paradigm shift in the management of several cancer types, including those in the gastrointestinal tract. However, there are several complicating factors when translating the results to pancreatic cancer, including the dense, fibrotic stroma unique to this disease that may shield the cancer cells from both cytotoxic and immunologic agents. Although the majority of trials have been performed in the metastatic setting, this review will focus on both the historic studies that have defined this field as well as the emerging data arising from ongoing efforts to exploit newly discovered mutations and their druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio G Rocha
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Turpin A, el Amrani M, Bachet JB, Pietrasz D, Schwarz L, Hammel P. Adjuvant Pancreatic Cancer Management: Towards New Perspectives in 2021. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3866. [PMID: 33371464 PMCID: PMC7767489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy is currently used in all patients with resected pancreatic cancer who are able to begin treatment within 3 months after surgery. Since the recent publication of the PRODIGE 24 trial results, modified FOLFIRINOX has become the standard-of-care in the non-Asian population with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma following surgery. Nevertheless, there is still a risk of toxicity, and feasibility may be limited in heavily pre-treated patients. In more frail patients, gemcitabine-based chemotherapy remains a suitable option, for example gemcitabine or 5FU in monotherapy. In Asia, although S1-based chemotherapy is the standard of care it is not readily available outside Asia and data are lacking in non-Asiatic patients. In patients in whom resection is not initially possible, intensified schemes such as FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine-nabpaclitaxel have been confirmed as options to enhance the response rate and resectability, promoting research in adjuvant therapy. In particular, should oncologists prescribe adjuvant treatment after a long sequence of chemotherapy +/- chemoradiotherapy and surgery? Should oncologists consider the response rate, the R0 resection rate alone, or the initial chemotherapy regimen? And finally, should they take into consideration the duration of the entire sequence, or the presence of limited toxicities of induction treatment? The aim of this review is to summarize adjuvant management of resected pancreatic cancer and to raise current and future concerns, especially the need for biomarkers and the best holistic care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Turpin
- UMR9020-UMR-S 1277 Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
- Medical Oncology Department, CHU Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mehdi el Amrani
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Lille University Hospital, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and GI Oncology, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université de Paris, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Daniel Pietrasz
- Department of Digestive, Oncological, and Transplant Surgery, Paul Brousse Hospital, Paris-Saclay University, F-94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Lilian Schwarz
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Rouen University Hospital and Université de Rouen Normandie, F-76100 Rouen, France;
| | - Pascal Hammel
- Service d’Oncologie Digestive et Médicale, Hôpital Paul Brousse (AP-HP), 12 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, F-94800 Villejuif, France
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Cuthbertson CR, Guo H, Kyani A, Madak JT, Arabzada Z, Neamati N. The Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Brequinar Is Synergistic with ENT1/2 Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1242-1252. [PMID: 33344900 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor brequinar failed all clinical trials for solid tumors. To investigate mechanisms to increase brequinar's efficacy, we employed a combination strategy to simultaneously inhibit the nucleotide salvage pathways. Brequinar is synergistic with the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) inhibitor dipyridamole, but not the concentrative nucleoside transporter inhibitor phlorizin. This synergy carries over to ENT1/2 inhibition, but not ENT4. Our previously described brequinar analogue 41 was also synergistic with dipyridamole as were the FDA-approved DHODH inhibitors leflunomide and teriflunomide but the latter required much higher concentrations than brequinar. Therefore, a combination of brequinar and ENT inhibitors presents a potential anti-cancer strategy in select tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Cuthbertson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armita Kyani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joseph T Madak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zahra Arabzada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Differential Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Primary Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Paired Stellate Cells Is Driven by Heterogenous Drug Uptake and Processing. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123628. [PMID: 33287390 PMCID: PMC7761836 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, also known as pancreatic cancer) is one of the deadliest tumor types, characterized by poor prognosis, profound chemoresistance and overall low survival. Gemcitabine remains the standard of care for all stages of PDAC, however, with poor clinical benefits which is considered to be due to reduced drug availability in tumor cells. Gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity depends upon sufficient drug uptake followed by intracellular activation. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), a major stromal component of PDAC, were recently reported to scavenge active metabolites of gemcitabine, thereby making it unavailable for cancer cells. Gemcitabine uptake and processing in both tumor cells and PSCs, as well as expression analysis of its molecular metabolic regulators, was investigated in this study. We observed heterogeneous gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in different pancreatic cancer cells whereas it was absent in PSCs. The gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells was driven by differential expression of its molecular regulators. Abstract Gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is attributed to cancer cell-intrinsic drug processing and the impact of the tumor microenvironment, especially pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). This study uses human PDAC-derived paired primary cancer cells (PCCs) and PSCs from four different tumors, and the PDAC cell lines BxPC-3, Mia PaCa-2, and Panc-1, to assess the fate of gemcitabine by measuring its cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and LC-MS/MS-based metabolite analysis. Expression analysis and siRNA-mediated knockdown of key regulators of gemcitabine (hENT1, CDA, DCK, NT5C1A) was performed. Compared to PSCs, both the paired primary PCCs and cancer cell lines showed gemcitabine-induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity, high uptake, as well as high and variable intracellular levels of gemcitabine metabolites. PSCs were gemcitabine-resistant and demonstrated significantly lower drug uptake, which was not influenced by co-culturing with their paired PCCs. Expression of key gemcitabine regulators was variable, but overall strong in the cancer cells and significantly lower or undetectable in PSCs. In cancer cells, hENT1 inhibition significantly downregulated gemcitabine uptake and cytotoxicity, whereas DCK knockdown reduced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, heterogeneity in gemcitabine processing among different pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells results from the differential expression of molecular regulators which determines the effect of gemcitabine.
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Real FX, Siveke JT. Pancreatic cancer transcriptomes: molecular stratification in the adjuvant setting. Ann Oncol 2020; 32:133-135. [PMID: 33227409 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J T Siveke
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen), Essen; German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
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Khomiak A, Brunner M, Kordes M, Lindblad S, Miksch RC, Öhlund D, Regel I. Recent Discoveries of Diagnostic, Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers for Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3234. [PMID: 33147766 PMCID: PMC7692691 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a dismal prognosis that is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Although less common than other malignant diseases, it currently ranks as the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the European Union with a five-year survival rate of below 9%. Surgical resection, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, remains the only potentially curative treatment but only a minority of patients is diagnosed with locally resectable, non-metastatic disease. Patients with advanced disease are treated with chemotherapy but high rates of treatment resistance and unfavorable side-effect profiles of some of the used regimens remain major challenges. Biomarkers reflect pathophysiological or physiological processes linked to a disease and can be used as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tools. Thus, accurate biomarkers can allow for better patient stratification and guide therapy choices. Currently, the only broadly used biomarker for PDAC, CA 19-9, has multiple limitations and the need for novel biomarkers is urgent. In this review, we highlight the current situation, recent discoveries and developments in the field of biomarkers of PDAC and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Khomiak
- Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Transplantology, 03058 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Marius Brunner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Maximilian Kordes
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina Lindblad
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Sweden and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Rainer Christoph Miksch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Daniel Öhlund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Sweden and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Ivonne Regel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Randazzo O, Papini F, Mantini G, Gregori A, Parrino B, Liu DSK, Cascioferro S, Carbone D, Peters GJ, Frampton AE, Garajova I, Giovannetti E. "Open Sesame?": Biomarker Status of the Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter-1 and Molecular Mechanisms Influencing its Expression and Activity in the Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113206. [PMID: 33142664 PMCID: PMC7692081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive tumor characterized by early invasiveness, rapid progression and resistance to treatment. For more than twenty years, gemcitabine has been the main therapy for PDAC both in the palliative and adjuvant setting. After the introduction of FOLFIRINOX as an upfront treatment for metastatic disease, gemcitabine is still commonly used in combination with nab-paclitaxel as an alternative first-line regimen, as well as a monotherapy in elderly patients unfit for combination chemotherapy. As a hydrophilic nucleoside analogue, gemcitabine requires nucleoside transporters to permeate the plasma membrane, and a major role in the uptake of this drug is played by human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT-1). Several studies have proposed hENT-1 as a biomarker for gemcitabine efficacy in PDAC. A recent comprehensive multimodal analysis of hENT-1 status evaluated its predictive role by both immunohistochemistry (with five different antibodies), and quantitative-PCR, supporting the use of the 10D7G2 antibody. High hENT-1 levels observed with this antibody were associated with prolonged disease-free status and overall-survival in patients receiving gemcitabine adjuvant chemotherapy. This commentary aims to critically discuss this analysis and lists molecular factors influencing hENT-1 expression. Improved knowledge on these factors should help the identification of subgroups of patients who may benefit from specific therapies and overcome the limitations of traditional biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Randazzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Filippo Papini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Giulia Mantini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gregori
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniel S. K. Liu
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Leggett Building, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- Correspondence: (A.E.F.); (E.G.); Tel.: +31-003-120-444-2633 (E.G.)
| | - Ingrid Garajova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.E.F.); (E.G.); Tel.: +31-003-120-444-2633 (E.G.)
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Mas L, Schwarz L, Bachet JB. Adjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer: state of the art and future perspectives. Curr Opin Oncol 2020; 32:356-363. [PMID: 32541325 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The modalities of management of resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have evolved in recent years with new practice guidelines on adjuvant chemotherapy and results of randomized phase III trials. The aim of this review is to describe the state of the art in this setting and to highlight future possible perspectives. RECENT FINDINGS Resectable PDAC is the tumor without vascular contact or a limited venous contact without vein irregularity. Several pathologic and biologic robust prognostic factors such as an R0 resection defined by a margin at least 1 mm have been validated. In phase III trials, the doublet gemcitabine-capecitabine provided a statistically significant, albeit modest overall survival benefit, but failed to show an improvement in relapse-free survival. Similarly, gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel did not increase disease-free survival. Modified FOLFIRINOX led to improved disease-free survival, overall survival, and metastasis-free survival, with acceptable toxicity. In the future, prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers could lead the optimization of therapeutic strategies and neoadjuvant treatment could become a standard of care in PDAC. SUMMARY After curative intent resection, modified FOLFIRINOX is the standard of care in adjuvant in fit patients with PDAC. Others regimens (monotherapy or gemcitabine-based) are an option in unfit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Mas
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Lilian Schwarz
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Rouen University Hospital
- Department of Genomic and Personalized Medicine in Cancer and Neurological Disorders, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UMR 1245 INSERM, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris
- Sorbonne University, UPMC University, Paris, France
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