1
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Houlahan KE, Livingstone J, Fox NS, Kurganovs N, Zhu H, Sietsma Penington J, Jung CH, Yamaguchi TN, Heisler LE, Jovelin R, Costello AJ, Pope BJ, Kishan AU, Corcoran NM, Bristow RG, Waszak SM, Weischenfeldt J, He HH, Hung RJ, Hovens CM, Boutros PC. A polygenic two-hit hypothesis for prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:468-472. [PMID: 36610996 PMCID: PMC10086625 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most heritable cancers. Hundreds of germline polymorphisms have been linked to prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Polygenic risk scores can predict genetic risk of a prostate cancer diagnosis. Although these scores inform the probability of developing a tumor, it remains unknown how germline risk influences the tumor molecular evolution. We cultivated a cohort of 1250 localized European-descent patients with germline and somatic DNA profiling. Men of European descent with higher genetic risk were diagnosed earlier and had less genomic instability and fewer driver genes mutated. Higher genetic risk was associated with better outcome. These data imply a polygenic "two-hit" model where germline risk reduces the number of somatic alterations required for tumorigenesis. These findings support further clinical studies of polygenic risk scores as inexpensive and minimally invasive adjuncts to standard risk stratification. Further studies are required to interrogate generalizability to more ancestrally and clinically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Houlahan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Livingstone
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalie S Fox
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natalie Kurganovs
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, Richmond, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helen Zhu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Chol-Hee Jung
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Takafumi N Yamaguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anthony J Costello
- Division of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernard J Pope
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, Richmond, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Division of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Urology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
- The Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sebastian M Waszak
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joachim Weischenfeldt
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Housheng H He
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher M Hovens
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, Richmond, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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2
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KLK6 Functions as an Oncogene and Unfavorable Prognostic Factor in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3373851. [PMID: 36193495 PMCID: PMC9526581 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3373851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) has been substantiated as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic molecular in several cancer types. In our study, we attempt to explore the biological functions of KLK6 in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Methods KLK6 gene expression prognostic, gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immune infiltration were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In vitro and in vivo experimental measurements, including CCK8, transwell migration, TUNEL, and nude mouse transplanted tumor model, were used to evaluate the antineoplastic activities of KLK6 loss-of-function. Results The combination of bioinformatics analyses and experimental measurements demonstrate that KLK6 expression is aberrantly upregulated in human specimens and cell lines of BLCA. GO and GSEA enrichment analyses exhibited that KLK6 is implicated in the inflammatory response and immune infiltration, suggesting that upregulation of KLK6 may be associated with the progression of BLCA. Knockdown of KLK6 is able to inhibit the growth and migration and trigger apoptosis of RT4 and T24 cells. Moreover, the TCGA database indicates that KLK6 high expression in BLCA patients showed a poorer prognosis than those patients with KLK6 low expression. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses suggest KLK6 as an independent prognostic factor to predict unfavorable OS in patients with BLCA. Conclusion KLK6 is an independent prognostic factor and an antitumor target of BLCA. KLK6 expression positively correlates with several immune cells infiltration, indicating that inhibition of KLK6 may contribute to immunotherapy of BLCA.
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3
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Freeland J, Crowell PD, Giafaglione JM, Boutros PC, Goldstein AS. Aging of the progenitor cells that initiate prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 515:28-35. [PMID: 34052326 PMCID: PMC8494000 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many organs experience a loss of tissue mass and a decline in regenerative capacity during aging. In contrast, the prostate continues to grow in volume. In fact, age is the most important risk factor for prostate cancer. However, the age-related factors that influence the composition, morphology and molecular features of prostate epithelial progenitor cells, the cells-of-origin for prostate cancer, are poorly understood. Here, we review the evidence that prostate luminal progenitor cells are expanded with age. We explore the age-related changes to the microenvironment that may influence prostate epithelial cells and risk of transformation. Finally, we raise a series of questions about models of aging and regulators of prostate aging which need to be addressed. A fundamental understanding of aging in the prostate will yield critical insights into mechanisms that promote the development of age-related prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Freeland
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Preston D Crowell
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jenna M Giafaglione
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Departments of Human Genetics & Urology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andrew S Goldstein
- Departments of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology & Urology, Broad Stem Cell Research Center and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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4
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Vosoughi A, Zhang T, Shohdy KS, Vlachostergios PJ, Wilkes DC, Bhinder B, Tagawa ST, Nanus DM, Molina AM, Beltran H, Sternberg CN, Motanagh S, Robinson BD, Xiang J, Fan X, Chung WK, Rubin MA, Elemento O, Sboner A, Mosquera JM, Faltas BM. Common germline-somatic variant interactions in advanced urothelial cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6195. [PMID: 33273457 PMCID: PMC7713129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and biological consequences of deleterious germline variants in urothelial cancer (UC) are not fully characterized. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of germline DNA and 157 primary and metastatic tumors from 80 UC patients. We developed a computational framework for identifying putative deleterious germline variants (pDGVs) from WES data. Here, we show that UC patients harbor a high prevalence of pDGVs that truncate tumor suppressor proteins. Deepening somatic loss of heterozygosity in serial tumor samples is observed, suggesting a critical role for these pDGVs in tumor progression. Significant intra-patient heterogeneity in germline-somatic variant interactions results in divergent biological pathway alterations between primary and metastatic tumors. Our results characterize the spectrum of germline variants in UC and highlight their roles in shaping the natural history of the disease. These findings could have broad clinical implications for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Vosoughi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Genomic Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyrillus S Shohdy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David C Wilkes
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bhavneet Bhinder
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott T Tagawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Nanus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana M Molina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cora N Sternberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samaneh Motanagh
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomic Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao Fan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, NY, Columbia, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, NY, Columbia, NY, USA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Miguel Mosquera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bishoy M Faltas
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Caiazza C, D'Agostino M, Passaro F, Faicchia D, Mallardo M, Paladino S, Pierantoni GM, Tramontano D. Effects of Long-Term Citrate Treatment in the PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112613. [PMID: 31141937 PMCID: PMC6600328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute administration of a high level of extracellular citrate displays an anti-proliferative effect on both in vitro and in vivo models. However, the long-term effect of citrate treatment has not been investigated yet. Here, we address this question in PC3 cells, a prostate-cancer-derived cell line. Acute administration of high levels of extracellular citrate impaired cell adhesion and inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells, but surviving cells adapted to grow in the chronic presence of 20 mM citrate. Citrate-resistant PC3 cells are significantly less glycolytic than control cells. Moreover, they overexpress short-form, citrate-insensitive phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) together with full-length PFK1. In addition, they show traits of mesenchymal-epithelial transition: an increase in E-cadherin and a decrease in vimentin. In comparison with PC3 cells, citrate-resistant cells display morphological changes that involve both microtubule and microfilament organization. This was accompanied by changes in homeostasis and the organization of intracellular organelles. Thus, the mitochondrial network appears fragmented, the Golgi complex is scattered, and the lysosomal compartment is enlarged. Interestingly, citrate-resistant cells produce less total ROS but accumulate more mitochondrial ROS than control cells. Consistently, in citrate-resistant cells, the autophagic pathway is upregulated, possibly sustaining their survival. In conclusion, chronic administration of citrate might select resistant cells, which could jeopardize the benefits of citrate anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Caiazza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Passaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Deriggio Faicchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Donatella Tramontano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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6
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Lévesque E, Caron P, Lacombe L, Turcotte V, Simonyan D, Fradet Y, Aprikian A, Saad F, Carmel M, Chevalier S, Guillemette C. A Comprehensive Analysis of Steroid Hormones and Progression of Localized High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:701-706. [PMID: 30733309 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In men with localized prostate cancer who are undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), it is uncertain whether their systemic hormonal environment is associated with outcomes. The objective of the study was to examine the association between the circulating steroid metabolome with prognostic factors and progression. METHODS The prospective PROCURE cohort was recruited from 2007 to 2012, and comprises 1,766 patients with localized prostate cancer who provided blood samples prior to RP. The levels of 15 steroids were measured in plasma using mass spectrometry, and their association with prognostic factors and disease-free survival (DFS) was established with logistic regression and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS The median follow-up time after surgery was 73.2 months. Overall, 524 patients experienced biochemical failure and 75 developed metastatic disease. Testosterone and androsterone levels were higher in low-risk disease. Associations were observed between adrenal precursors and risk of cancer progression. In high-risk patients, a one-unit increment in log-transformed androstenediol (A5diol) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels were linked to DFS with HR of 1.47 (P = 0.0017; q = 0.026) and 1.24 (P = 0.043; q = 0.323), respectively. Although the number of metastatic events was limited, trends with metastasis-free survival were observed for A5diol (HR = 1.51; P = 0.057) and DHEA-S levels (HR = 1.43; P = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS In men with localized prostate cancer, our data suggest that the preoperative steroid metabolome is associated with the risk of recurrence of high-risk disease. IMPACT The associations of adrenal androgens with progression of localized high-risk disease could help refine hormonal strategies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lévesque
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Patrick Caron
- CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Turcotte
- CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - David Simonyan
- Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Armen Aprikian
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Carmel
- Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Simone Chevalier
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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7
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Abstract
Over the last decade, advancements in massively-parallel DNA sequencing and computational biology have allowed for unprecedented insights into the fundamental mutational processes that underlie virtually every major cancer type. Two major cancer genomics consortia-The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC)-have produced rich databases of mutational, pathological, and clinical data that can be mined through web-based portals, allowing for correlative studies and testing of novel hypotheses on well-powered patient cohorts.In this chapter, we will review the impact of these technological developments on the understanding of molecular subtypes that promote prostate cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and clinical aggression. In particular, we will focus on molecular subtypes that define clinically-relevant patient cohorts and assess how a better understanding of how these subtypes-in both somatic and germline genomes-may influence the clinical course for individual men diagnosed with prostate cancer.
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8
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Li W, Middha M, Bicak M, Sjoberg DD, Vertosick E, Dahlin A, Häggström C, Hallmans G, Rönn AC, Stattin P, Melander O, Ulmert D, Lilja H, Klein RJ. Genome-wide Scan Identifies Role for AOX1 in Prostate Cancer Survival. Eur Urol 2018; 74:710-719. [PMID: 30289108 PMCID: PMC6287611 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most men diagnosed with prostate cancer have low-risk cancers. How to predict prostate cancer progression at the time of diagnosis remains challenging. OBJECTIVE To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with death from prostate cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Blood samples from 11 506 men in Sweden were collected during 1991-1996. Of these, 1053 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 245 died from the disease. Stage and grade at diagnosis and outcome information were obtained, and DNA from all cases was genotyped. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS A total of 6 126 633 SNPs were tested for association with prostate-cancer-specific survival time using a Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted for age, stage, and grade at diagnosis. A value of 1×10-6 was used as suggestive significance threshold. Positive candidate SNPs were tested for association with gene expression using expression quantitative trait locus analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS We found 12 SNPs at seven independent loci associated with prostate-cancer-specific survival time. One of 6 126 633 SNPs tested reached genome-wide significance (p<5×10-8) and replicated in an independent cohort: rs73055188 (p=5.27×10-9, per-allele hazard ratio [HR]=2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72-2.98) in the AOX1 gene. A second SNP reached a suggestive level of significance (p<1×10-6) and replicated in an independent cohort: rs2702185 (p=7.1×10-7, per-allele HR=2.55, 95% CI=1.76-3.69) in the SMG7 gene. The SNP rs73055188 is correlated with AOX1 expression levels, which is associated with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer in independent cohorts. This association is yet to be validated in other ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The SNP rs73055188 at the AOX1 locus is associated with prostate-cancer-specific survival time, and AOX1 gene expression level is correlated with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. PATIENT SUMMARY We identify two genetic markers that are associated with prostate-cancer-specific survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Li
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology and
Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Mridu Middha
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology and
Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Mesude Bicak
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology and
Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Daniel D. Sjoberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Emily Vertosick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Anders Dahlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund
University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine,
Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Rönn
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital,
Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University,
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund
University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Ulmert
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute,
New York, NY USA
| | - Hans Lilja
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery, and Medicine,
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA; Nuffield Department of
Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Translational
Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robert J. Klein
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology and
Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY USA
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9
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Cao XY, Zhang XX, Yang MW, Hu LP, Jiang SH, Tian GA, Zhu LL, Li Q, Sun YW, Zhang ZG. Aberrant upregulation of KLK10 promotes metastasis via enhancement of EMT and FAK/SRC/ERK axis in PDAC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:584-593. [PMID: 29621546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PADC) metastasis is the leading cause of morality of this severe malignant tumor. Proteases are key players in the degradation of extracellular matrix which promotes the cascade of tumor metastasis. As a kind of serine proteases, the kallikrein family performs vital function on the cancer proteolysis scene, which have been proved in diverse malignant tumors. However, the specific member of kallikrein family and its function in PDAC remain unexplored. In this study, by data mining of GEO datasets, we have identified KLK10 is upregulated gene in PDAC. We found that KLK10 was significantly overexpressed in tissues of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDAC from Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+ mice (KC) and Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+ mice (KPC) by immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, KLK10 is extremely elevated in the PDAC tissues, especially that from the PDAC patients with lymphatic and distant metastasis. Aberrant KLK10 expression is significantly correlated with poor prognosis and shorter survival by univariable and multivariable analysis. Functionally, knockdown of KLK10 observably inhibits invasion and metastatic phenotype of PDAC cells in vitro and metastasis in vivo. In addition, blockade of KLK10 attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of FAK-SRC-ERK signaling, which explains the mechanism of KLK10 in promoting metastasis. Collectively, KLK10 should be considered as a promising biomarker for diagnosis and potential target for therapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Min-Wei Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, PR China
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shu-Heng Jiang
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Guang-Ang Tian
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Li-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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10
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Lorentz J, Liu SK, Vesprini D. Male Oncology Research and Education program for men at high risk for prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:170-175. [PMID: 29719433 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three groups of men are at high risk of developing prostate cancer: men with a strong family history of prostate cancer, men of West African or Caribbean ancestry, and men with a germline pathogenic variant in a prostate cancer-associated gene. Despite the fact that those men constitute a significant portion of the male population in North America, few recommendations for prostate cancer screening specific to them have been developed. For men at general population risk for prostate cancer, screening based on prostate-specific antigen (psa) has remained controversial despite the abundance of literature on the topic. As a result, recommendations made by major screening authorities are inconsistent (ranging from no psa screening to baseline psa screening at age 45), allowing physicians to pick and choose how to screen their patients. The Male Oncology Research and Education (more) program is an observational research program that serves as an academic platform for multiple research foci. For its participants, serum and dna are biobanked, medical information is collected, and contact for relevant research-related opportunities is maintained. This research program is paired with a specialized clinic called the more clinic, where men at high risk are regularly screened for prostate cancer in a standard approach that includes physical examination and serum psa measurement. In this article, we describe the goals, participant accrual to date, and projects specific to this unique program.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lorentz
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - S K Liu
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - D Vesprini
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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11
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Wallis CJD, Akbari MR, Narod SA, Nam RK. RE: Germline Mutations in the Kallikrein 6 Region and Predisposition for Aggressive Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:4056213. [PMID: 30053076 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J D Wallis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert K Nam
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation
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