1
|
Hein V, Baeza-Kallee N, Bertucci A, Colin C, Tchoghandjian A, Figarella-Branger D, Tabouret E. GD3 ganglioside is a promising therapeutic target for glioma patients. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae038. [PMID: 38590763 PMCID: PMC11000324 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Currently, no curative treatment is available. Despite first-line treatment composed by the association of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, relapse remains inevitable in a median delay of 6 to 10 months. Improving patient management and developing new therapeutic strategies are therefore a critical medical need in neuro-oncology. Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, the most abundant in the nervous system, representing attractive therapeutic targets. The ganglioside GD3 is highly expressed in neuroectoderm-derived tumors such as melanoma and neuroblastoma, but also in gliomas. Moreover, interesting results, including our own, have reported the involvement of GD3 in the stemness of glioblastoma cells. In this review, we will first describe the characteristics of the ganglioside GD3 and its enzyme, the GD3 synthase (GD3S), including their biosynthesis and metabolism. Then, we will detail their expression and role in gliomas. Finally, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding the therapeutic development opportunities against GD3 and GD3S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hein
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Baeza-Kallee
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Réseau Préclinique et Translationnel de Recherche en Neuro-oncologie PETRA, Plateforme PETRA“TECH” and Plateforme PE”TRANSLA,”Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Bertucci
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Neuro-Oncologie, MarseilleFrance
| | - Carole Colin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Réseau Préclinique et Translationnel de Recherche en Neuro-oncologie PETRA, Plateforme PETRA“TECH” and Plateforme PE”TRANSLA,”Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Tchoghandjian
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Réseau Préclinique et Translationnel de Recherche en Neuro-oncologie PETRA, Plateforme PETRA“TECH” and Plateforme PE”TRANSLA,”Marseille, France
| | | | - Emeline Tabouret
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Neuro-Oncologie, MarseilleFrance
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Réseau Préclinique et Translationnel de Recherche en Neuro-oncologie PETRA, Plateforme PETRA“TECH” and Plateforme PE”TRANSLA,”Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nejatie A, Yee SS, Jeter A, Saragovi HU. The cancer glycocode as a family of diagnostic biomarkers, exemplified by tumor-associated gangliosides. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1261090. [PMID: 37954075 PMCID: PMC10637394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1261090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One unexploited family of cancer biomarkers comprise glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and glycolipids (the Tumor Glycocode).A class of glycolipid cancer biomarkers, the tumor-marker gangliosides (TMGs) are presented here as potential diagnostics for detecting cancer, especially at early stages, as the biological function of TMGs makes them etiological. We propose that a quantitative matrix of the Cancer Biomarker Glycocode and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms will expand the menu of validated cancer biomarkers as a step to resolve some of the challenges in cancer diagnosis, and yield a combination that can identify a specific cancer, in a tissue-agnostic manner especially at early stages, to enable early intervention. Diagnosis is critical to reducing cancer mortality but many cancers lack efficient and effective diagnostic tests, especially for early stage disease. Ideal diagnostic biomarkers are etiological, samples are preferably obtained via non-invasive methods (e.g. liquid biopsy of blood or urine), and are quantitated using assays that yield high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for efficient diagnosis, prognosis, or predicting response to therapy. Validated biomarkers with these features are rare. While the advent of proteomics and genomics has led to the identification of a multitude of proteins and nucleic acid sequences as cancer biomarkers, relatively few have been approved for clinical use. The use of multiplex arrays and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms offer the option of combining data of known biomarkers; however, for most, the sensitivity and the specificity are below acceptable criteria, and clinical validation has proven difficult. One strategic solution to this problem is to expand the biomarker families beyond those currently exploited. One unexploited family of cancer biomarkers comprise glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and glycolipids (the Tumor Glycocode). Here, we focus on a family of glycolipid cancer biomarkers, the tumor-marker gangliosides (TMGs). We discuss the diagnostic potential of TMGs for detecting cancer, especially at early stages. We include prior studies from the literature to summarize findings for ganglioside quantification, expression, detection, and biological function and its role in various cancers. We highlight the examples of TMGs exhibiting ideal properties of cancer diagnostic biomarkers, and the application of GD2 and GD3 for diagnosis of early stage cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. We propose that a quantitative matrix of the Cancer Biomarker Glycocode and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms will expand the menu of validated cancer biomarkers as a step to resolve some of the challenges in cancer diagnosis, and yield a combination that can identify a specific cancer, in a tissue-agnostic manner especially at early stages, to enable early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nejatie
- Center for Translational Research, Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samantha S. Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Horacio Uri Saragovi
- Center for Translational Research, Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ophthalmology and Vision Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin X, Yang GY. Pathophysiological roles and applications of glycosphingolipids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101241. [PMID: 37524133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are major amphiphilic glycolipids present on the surface of living cell membranes. They have important biological functions, including maintaining plasma membrane stability, regulating signal transduction, and mediating cell recognition and adhesion. Specific GSLs and related enzymes are abnormally expressed in many cancer diseases and affect the malignant characteristics of tumors. The regulatory roles of GSLs in signaling pathways suggest that they are involved in tumor pathogenesis. GSLs have therefore been widely studied as diagnostic markers of cancer diseases and important targets of immunotherapy. This review describes the tumor-related biological functions of GSLs and systematically introduces recent progress in using diverse GSLs and related enzymes to diagnose and treat tumor diseases. Development of drugs and biomarkers for personalized cancer therapy based on GSL structure is also discussed. These advances, combined with recent progress in the preparation of GSLs derivatives through synthetic biology technologies, suggest a strong future for the use of customized GSL libraries in treating human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
O’Neill KC, Liapis E, Harris BT, Perlin DS, Carter CL. Mass spectrometry imaging discriminates glioblastoma tumor cell subpopulations and different microvascular formations based on their lipid profiles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17069. [PMID: 36224354 PMCID: PMC9556690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a prevalent malignant brain tumor and despite clinical intervention, tumor recurrence is frequent and usually fatal. Genomic investigations have provided a greater understanding of molecular heterogeneity in glioblastoma, yet there are still no curative treatments, and the prognosis has remained unchanged. The aggressive nature of glioblastoma is attributed to the heterogeneity in tumor cell subpopulations and aberrant microvascular proliferation. Ganglioside-directed immunotherapy and membrane lipid therapy have shown efficacy in the treatment of glioblastoma. To truly harness these novel therapeutics and develop a regimen that improves clinical outcome, a greater understanding of the altered lipidomic profiles within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment is urgently needed. In this work, high resolution mass spectrometry imaging was utilized to investigate lipid heterogeneity in human glioblastoma samples. Data presented offers the first insight into the histology-specific accumulation of lipids involved in cell metabolism and signaling. Cardiolipins, phosphatidylinositol, ceramide-1-phosphate, and gangliosides, including the glioblastoma stem cell marker, GD3, were shown to differentially accumulate in tumor and endothelial cell subpopulations. Conversely, a reduction in sphingomyelins and sulfatides were detected in tumor cell regions. Cellular accumulation for each lipid class was dependent upon their fatty acid residue composition, highlighting the importance of understanding lipid structure-function relationships. Discriminating ions were identified and correlated to histopathology and Ki67 proliferation index. These results identified multiple lipids within the glioblastoma microenvironment that warrant further investigation for the development of predictive biomarkers and lipid-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. O’Neill
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| | - Evangelos Liapis
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| | - Brent T. Harris
- grid.411667.30000 0001 2186 0438Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA ,grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| | - Claire L. Carter
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA ,grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Department of Pathology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Altieri R, Broggi G, Certo F, Pacella D, Cammarata G, Maione M, Garozzo M, Barbagallo D, Purrello M, Caltabiano R, Magro G, Barbagallo G. Anatomical distribution of cancer stem cells between enhancing nodule and FLAIR hyperintensity in supratentorial glioblastoma: time to recalibrate the surgical target? Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:3709-3716. [PMID: 36171505 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is ge nerally accepted that glioblastoma (GBM) arise from cancer stem cells (CSC); however, there is little evidence on their anatomical distribution. We investigated the expression and distribution of SOX-2-positive and CD133-positive CSCs both in the enhancing nodule (EN) of GBM and in the FLAIR hyperintensity zones on a surgical, histopathological series of 33 GBMs. The inclusion criterion was the intraoperative sampling of different tumor regions individualized, thanks to neuronavigation and positivity to intraoperative fluorescence with the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Thirty-three patients (20 males and 13 females with a mean age at diagnosis of 56 years) met the inclusion criterion. A total of 109 histological samples were evaluated, 52 for ENs and 57 for FLAIR hyperintensity zone. Considering the quantitative distribution of levels of intensity of staining (IS), ES (extent score), and immunoreactivity score (IRS), no difference was found between ENs and FLAIR regions for both the SOX-2 biomarker (respectively, IS p = 0.851, ES p = 0.561, IRS p = 1.000) and the CD133 biomarker (IS p = 0.653, ES p = 0.409, IRS p = 0.881). This evidence suggests to recalibrate the target of surgery for FLAIRECTOMY and 5-ALA could improve the possibility to achieve this goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Altieri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico-S. Marco" University Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio CIampi, 1, 95121, Catania, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Certo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico-S. Marco" University Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio CIampi, 1, 95121, Catania, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Pacella
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cammarata
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico-S. Marco" University Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio CIampi, 1, 95121, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Maione
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico-S. Marco" University Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio CIampi, 1, 95121, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Garozzo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico-S. Marco" University Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio CIampi, 1, 95121, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barbagallo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico-S. Marco" University Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio CIampi, 1, 95121, Catania, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
miRNome and Proteome Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Primary Cancer Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081886. [PMID: 36009432 PMCID: PMC9405730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. Despite available therapeutic interventions, it is very difficult to treat, and a cure is not yet available. The intra-tumoral GBM heterogeneity is a crucial factor contributing to poor clinical outcomes. GBM derives from a small heterogeneous population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In cancer tissue, CSCs are concentrated within the so-called niches, where they progress from a slowly proliferating phase. CSCs, as most tumor cells, release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the surrounding microenvironment. To explore the role of EVs in CSCs and GBM tumor cells, we investigated the miRNA and protein content of the small EVs (sEVs) secreted by two GBM-established cell lines and by GBM primary CSCs using omics analysis. Our data indicate that GBM-sEVs are selectively enriched for miRNAs that are known to display tumor suppressor activity, while their protein cargo is enriched for oncoproteins and tumor-associated proteins. Conversely, among the most up-regulated miRNAs in CSC-sEVs, we also found pro-tumor miRNAs and proteins related to stemness, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that sEVs selectively incorporate different miRNAs and proteins belonging both to fundamental processes (e.g., cell proliferation, cell death, stemness) as well as to more specialized ones (e.g., EMT, membrane docking, cell junction organization, ncRNA processing).
Collapse
|
7
|
Biamonte F, Sica G, Filippini A, D’Alessio A. Evidence of Reelin Signaling in GBM and Its Derived Cancer Stem Cells. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060745. [PMID: 34205192 PMCID: PMC8227261 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant form of primary brain cancer, characterized by an overall survival time ranging from 12 to 18 months. Despite the progress in the clinical treatment and the growing number of experimental data aimed at investigating the molecular bases of GBM development, the disease remains characterized by a poor prognosis. Recent studies have proposed the existence of a population of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) endowed with self-renewal capability and a high tumorigenic potential that are believed to be responsible for the resistance against common chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. Reelin is a large secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein, which contributes to positioning, migration, and laminar organization of several central nervous system structures during brain development. Mutations of the reelin gene have been linked to disorganization of brain structures during development and behavioral anomalies. In this study, we explored the expression of reelin in GBM and its related peritumoral tissue and performed the same analysis in CSCs isolated from both GBM (GCSCs) and peritumoral tissue (PCSCs) of human patients. Our findings reveal (i) the higher expression of reelin in GBM compared to the peritumoral tissue by immunohistochemical analysis, (ii) the mRNA expression of both reelin and its adaptor molecule Dab1 in either CSC subtypes, although at a different extent; and (iii) the contribution of CSCs-derived reelin in the migration of human primary GBM cell line U87MG. Taken together, our data indicate that the expression of reelin in GBM may represent a potential contribution to the regulation of GBM cancer stem cells behavior, further stimulating the interest on the reelin pathway as a potential target for GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Biamonte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche, Istologiche, Medico Legali e dell’Apparato Locomotore, Unità di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Alessio D’Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Girolamo F, de Trizio I, Errede M, Longo G, d'Amati A, Virgintino D. Neural crest cell-derived pericytes act as pro-angiogenic cells in human neocortex development and gliomas. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:14. [PMID: 33743764 PMCID: PMC7980348 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system diseases involving the parenchymal microvessels are frequently associated with a ‘microvasculopathy’, which includes different levels of neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction, including blood–brain barrier alterations. To contribute to the understanding of NVU responses to pathological noxae, we have focused on one of its cellular components, the microvascular pericytes, highlighting unique features of brain pericytes with the aid of the analyses carried out during vascularization of human developing neocortex and in human gliomas. Thanks to their position, centred within the endothelial/glial partition of the vessel basal lamina and therefore inserted between endothelial cells and the perivascular and vessel-associated components (astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs)/NG2-glia, microglia, macrophages, nerve terminals), pericytes fulfil a central role within the microvessel NVU. Indeed, at this critical site, pericytes have a number of direct and extracellular matrix molecule- and soluble factor-mediated functions, displaying marked phenotypical and functional heterogeneity and carrying out multitasking services. This pericytes heterogeneity is primarily linked to their position in specific tissue and organ microenvironments and, most importantly, to their ontogeny. During ontogenesis, pericyte subtypes belong to two main embryonic germ layers, mesoderm and (neuro)ectoderm, and are therefore expected to be found in organs ontogenetically different, nonetheless, pericytes of different origin may converge and colonize neighbouring areas of the same organ/apparatus. Here, we provide a brief overview of the unusual roles played by forebrain pericytes in the processes of angiogenesis and barriergenesis by virtue of their origin from midbrain neural crest stem cells. A better knowledge of the ontogenetic subpopulations may support the understanding of specific interactions and mechanisms involved in pericyte function/dysfunction, including normal and pathological angiogenesis, thereby offering an alternative perspective on cell subtype-specific therapeutic approaches. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Girolamo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.
| | - Ignazio de Trizio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.,Intensive Care Unit, Department of Intensive Care, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mariella Errede
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio d'Amati
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.,Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Girolamo F, de Trizio I, Errede M, Longo G, d’Amati A, Virgintino D. Neural crest cell-derived pericytes act as pro-angiogenic cells in human neocortex development and gliomas. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00242-7 union select null--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCentral nervous system diseases involving the parenchymal microvessels are frequently associated with a ‘microvasculopathy’, which includes different levels of neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction, including blood–brain barrier alterations. To contribute to the understanding of NVU responses to pathological noxae, we have focused on one of its cellular components, the microvascular pericytes, highlighting unique features of brain pericytes with the aid of the analyses carried out during vascularization of human developing neocortex and in human gliomas. Thanks to their position, centred within the endothelial/glial partition of the vessel basal lamina and therefore inserted between endothelial cells and the perivascular and vessel-associated components (astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs)/NG2-glia, microglia, macrophages, nerve terminals), pericytes fulfil a central role within the microvessel NVU. Indeed, at this critical site, pericytes have a number of direct and extracellular matrix molecule- and soluble factor-mediated functions, displaying marked phenotypical and functional heterogeneity and carrying out multitasking services. This pericytes heterogeneity is primarily linked to their position in specific tissue and organ microenvironments and, most importantly, to their ontogeny. During ontogenesis, pericyte subtypes belong to two main embryonic germ layers, mesoderm and (neuro)ectoderm, and are therefore expected to be found in organs ontogenetically different, nonetheless, pericytes of different origin may converge and colonize neighbouring areas of the same organ/apparatus. Here, we provide a brief overview of the unusual roles played by forebrain pericytes in the processes of angiogenesis and barriergenesis by virtue of their origin from midbrain neural crest stem cells. A better knowledge of the ontogenetic subpopulations may support the understanding of specific interactions and mechanisms involved in pericyte function/dysfunction, including normal and pathological angiogenesis, thereby offering an alternative perspective on cell subtype-specific therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
10
|
Angelucci C, D’Alessio A, Sorrentino S, Biamonte F, Moscato U, Mangiola A, Sica G, Iacopino F. Immunohistochemical Analysis of DNA Repair- and Drug-Efflux-Associated Molecules in Tumor and Peritumor Areas of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041620. [PMID: 33562724 PMCID: PMC7914796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most commonly occurring primary tumor arising within the central nervous system, is characterized by high invasiveness and poor prognosis. In spite of the improvement in surgical techniques, along with the administration of chemo- and radiation therapy and the incessant investigation in search of prospective therapeutic targets, the local recurrence that frequently occurs within the peritumoral brain tissue makes GBM the most malignant and terminal type of astrocytoma. In the current study, we investigated both GBM and peritumoral tissues obtained from 55 hospitalized patients and the expression of three molecules involved in the onset of resistance/unresponsiveness to chemotherapy: O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP1), and A2B5. We propose that the expression of these molecules in the peritumoral tissue might be crucial to promoting the development of early tumorigenic events in the tissue surrounding GBM as well as responsible for the recurrence originating in this apparently normal area and, accordingly, for the resistance to treatment with the standard chemotherapeutic regimen. Notably, the inverse correlation found between MGMT expression in peritumoral tissue and patients’ survival suggests a prognostic role for this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Angelucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.S.); (G.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Alessio D’Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.S.); (G.S.); (F.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Sorrentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.S.); (G.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Moscato
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro e Igiene di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento delle Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziato Mangiola
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurochirurgia, Ospedale Santo Spirito, 65124 Pescara, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Imaging e Scienze Cliniche, Università “G. D’Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.S.); (G.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Fortunata Iacopino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.S.); (G.S.); (F.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Differential gene expression in peritumoral brain zone of glioblastoma: role of SERPINA3 in promoting invasion, stemness and radioresistance of glioma cells and association with poor patient prognosis and recurrence. J Neurooncol 2021; 152:55-65. [PMID: 33389566 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive tumor. Despite advances in treatment modalities, tumor recurrence is common, seen mainly in the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ). We aimed to molecularly characterize PBZ, to understand the pathobiology of tumor recurrence. METHODS/PATIENTS We selected eight differentially regulated genes from our previous transcriptome profiling study on tumor core and PBZ. Expression of selected genes were validated in GBM (tumor core and PBZ, n = 37) and control (n = 22) samples by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Serine protease inhibitor clade A, member 3 (SERPINA3) was selected for further functional characterization in vitro by gene knockdown approach in glioma cells. Its protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was correlated with other clinically relevant GBM markers, patient prognosis and tumor recurrence. RESULTS The mRNA expression of selected genes from the microarray data validated in tumor core and PBZ and was similar to publicly available databases. SERPINA3 knock down in vitro showed decreased tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, transition to mesenchymal phenotype, stemness and radioresistance. SERPINA3 protein expression was higher in PBZ compared to tumor core and also was higher in older patients, IDH wild type and recurrent tumors. Finally, its expression showed positive correlation with poor patient prognosis. CONCLUSIONS SERPINA3 expression contributes to aggressive GBM phenotype by regulating pro-tumorigenic actions in vitro and is associated with adverse clinical outcome.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ica R, Simulescu A, Sarbu M, Munteanu CVA, Vukelić Ž, Zamfir AD. High resolution mass spectrometry provides novel insights into the ganglioside pattern of brain cavernous hemangioma. Anal Biochem 2020; 609:113976. [PMID: 32987010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have optimized nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) high resolution mass spectrometry (HR MS) performed on Orbitrap instrument in the negative ion mode for the determination of the composition and structure of gangliosides extracted from human brain cavernous hemangioma. The optimized HR MS platform, allowed the discrimination of 62 ions, corresponding to 52 different ganglioside species, which represents roughly twice the number of species existing in the current inventory of human brain hemangioma-associated gangliosides. The experiments revealed a ganglioside pattern dominated by GD-type of structures as well as an elevated incidence of species characterized by a low degree of sialylation and short glycan chains, including asialo GA1 (d18:1/18:0), which offer a new perspective upon the ganglioside composition in this benign tumor. Many of the structures are characteristic for this type of tumor only and are to be considered in further investigations for their potential use in early brain hemangioma diagnosis based on molecular markers. The detailed fragmentation analysis performed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem MS provided information of structural elements related to the glycan core and ceramide moiety, which confirmed the molecular configuration of GD3 (d18:1/24:1) and GD3 (d18:1/24:2) species with potential biomarker role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ica
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania; Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Simulescu
- "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Željka Vukelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania; "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Arad, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bartish M, Del Rincón SV, Rudd CE, Saragovi HU. Aiming for the Sweet Spot: Glyco-Immune Checkpoints and γδ T Cells in Targeted Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564499. [PMID: 33133075 PMCID: PMC7550643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though a healthy immune system is capable of recognizing and eliminating emergent cancerous cells, an established tumor is adept at escaping immune surveillance. Altered and tumor-specific expression of immunosuppressive cell surface carbohydrates, also termed the “tumor glycocode,” is a prominent mechanism by which tumors can escape anti-tumor immunity. Given their persistent and homogeneous expression, tumor-associated glycans are promising targets to be exploited as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, the exploitation of these glycans has been a challenge due to their low immunogenicity, immunosuppressive properties, and the inefficient presentation of glycolipids in a conventional major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner. Despite this, a subset of T-cells expressing the gamma and delta chains of the T-cell receptor (γδ T cells) exist with a capacity for MHC-unrestricted antigen recognition and potent inherent anti-tumor properties. In this review, we discuss the role of tumor-associated glycans in anti-tumor immunity, with an emphasis on the potential of γδ T cells to target the tumor glycocode. Understanding the many facets of this interaction holds the potential to unlock new ways to use both tumor-associated glycans and γδ T cells in novel therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Bartish
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Division of Immuno-Oncology, Research Center Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
NG2 and GFAP co-expression after differentiation in cells transfected with mutant GFAP and in undifferentiated glioma cells. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
15
|
Mellai M, Annovazzi L, Bisogno I, Corona C, Crociara P, Iulini B, Cassoni P, Casalone C, Boldorini R, Schiffer D. Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycan 4 (NG2/CSPG4) Localization in Low- and High-Grade Gliomas. Cells 2020; 9:E1538. [PMID: 32599896 PMCID: PMC7349878 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuron glial antigen 2 or chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (NG2/CSPG4) is expressed by immature precursors/progenitor cells and is possibly involved in malignant cell transformation. The aim of this study was to investigate its role on the progression and survival of sixty-one adult gliomas and nine glioblastoma (GB)-derived cell lines. METHODS NG2/CSPG4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Genetic and epigenetic alterations were detected by molecular genetic techniques. RESULTS NG2/CSPG4 was frequently expressed in IDH-mutant/1p19q-codel oligodendrogliomas (59.1%) and IDH-wild type GBs (40%) and rarely expressed in IDH-mutant or IDH-wild type astrocytomas (14.3%). Besides tumor cells, NG2/CSPG4 immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm and/or cell membranes of reactive astrocytes and vascular pericytes/endothelial cells. In GB-derived neurospheres, it was variably detected according to the number of passages of the in vitro culture. In GB-derived adherent cells, a diffuse positivity was found in most cells. NG2/CSPG4 expression was significantly associated with EGFR gene amplification (p = 0.0005) and poor prognosis (p = 0.016) in astrocytic tumors. CONCLUSION The immunoreactivity of NG2/CSPG4 provides information on the timing of the neoplastic transformation and could have prognostic and therapeutic relevance as a promising tumor-associated antigen for antibody-based immunotherapy in patients with malignant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mellai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Traslazionale sulle Malattie Autoimmuni e Allergiche (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15A, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta—ONLUS, Via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Laura Annovazzi
- Ex Centro Ricerche/Fondazione Policlinico di Monza, Via P. Micca 29, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (L.A.); (I.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Ilaria Bisogno
- Ex Centro Ricerche/Fondazione Policlinico di Monza, Via P. Micca 29, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (L.A.); (I.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Paola Crociara
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino/Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Santena 7, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Davide Schiffer
- Ex Centro Ricerche/Fondazione Policlinico di Monza, Via P. Micca 29, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (L.A.); (I.B.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pozzoli G, Marei HE, Althani A, Boninsegna A, Casalbore P, Marlier LNJL, Lanzilli G, Zonfrillo M, Petrucci G, Rocca B, Navarra P, Sgambato A, Cenciarelli C. Aspirin inhibits cancer stem cells properties and growth of glioblastoma multiforme through Rb1 pathway modulation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15459-15471. [PMID: 30701538 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Several clinical studies indicated that the daily use of aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid reduces the cancer risk via cyclooxygenases (Cox-1 and Cox-2) inhibition. In addition, aspirin-induced Cox-dependent and -independent antitumor effects have also been described. Here we report, for the first time, that aspirin treatment of human glioblastoma cancer (GBM) stem cells, a small population responsible for tumor progression and recurrence, is associated with reduced cell proliferation and motility. Aspirin did not interfere with cell viability but induced cell-cycle arrest. Exogenous prostaglandin E2 significantly increased cell proliferation but did not abrogate the aspirin-mediated growth inhibition, suggesting a Cox-independent mechanism. These effects appear to be mediated by the increase of p21 waf1 and p27 Kip1 , associated with a reduction of Cyclin D1 and Rb1 protein phosphorylation, and involve the downregulation of key molecules responsible for tumor development, that is, Notch1, Sox2, Stat3, and Survivin. Our results support a possible role of aspirin as adjunctive therapy in the clinical management of GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pozzoli
- Institute of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Hany E Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asma Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alma Boninsegna
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casalbore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Lionel N J L Marlier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lanzilli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Zonfrillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Petrucci
- Institute of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Rocca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Navarra
- Institute of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cenciarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Multifaceted Functional Role of Semaphorins in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092144. [PMID: 31052281 PMCID: PMC6539029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant tumor type affecting the adult central nervous system. Despite advances in therapy, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, with a median survival of about 15 months. To date, few treatment options are available and recent trials based on the molecular targeting of some of the GBM hallmark pathways (e.g., angiogenesis) have not produced any significant improvement in overall survival. The urgent need to develop more efficacious targeted therapies has led to a better molecular characterization of GBM, revealing an emerging role of semaphorins in GBM progression. Semphorins are a wide group of membrane-bound and secreted proteins, originally identified as axon guidance cues, signaling through their receptors, neuropilins, and plexins. A number of semaphorin signals involved in the control of axonal growth and navigation during development have been found to furthermore participate in crosstalk with different dysfunctional GBM pathways, controlling tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as tumor angiogenesis or immune response. In this review, we summarize the regulatory activities mediated by semaphorins and their receptors on the oncogenic pathways implicated in GBM growth and invasive/metastatic progression.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pathological and Molecular Features of Glioblastoma and Its Peritumoral Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040469. [PMID: 30987226 PMCID: PMC6521241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and lethal human brain tumors. At present, GBMs are divided in primary and secondary on the basis of the mutational status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes. In addition, IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are considered crucial to better define the prognosis. Although primary and secondary GBMs are histologically indistinguishable, they retain distinct genetic alterations that account for different evolution of the tumor. The high invasiveness, the propensity to disperse throughout the brain parenchyma, and the elevated vascularity make these tumors extremely recidivist, resulting in a short patient median survival even after surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy. Furthermore, GBM is considered an immunologically cold tumor. Several studies highlight a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that promotes recurrence and poor prognosis. Deeper insight into the tumor immune microenvironment, together with the recent discovery of a conventional lymphatic system in the central nervous system (CNS), led to new immunotherapeutic strategies. In the last two decades, experimental evidence from different groups proved the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, that may play an active role in tumor development and progression. Recent findings also indicated the presence of highly infiltrative CSCs in the peritumoral region of GBM. This region appears to play a key role in tumor growing and recurrence. However, until recently, few studies investigated the biomolecular characteristics of the peritumoral tissue. The aim of this review is to recapitulate the pathological features of GBM and of the peritumoral region associated with progression and recurrence.
Collapse
|
19
|
Scicchitano BM, Sorrentino S, Proietti G, Lama G, Dobrowolny G, Catizone A, Binda E, Larocca LM, Sica G. Levetiracetam enhances the temozolomide effect on glioblastoma stem cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:136. [PMID: 30214378 PMCID: PMC6131782 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor in which cancer cells with stem cell-like features, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), were identified. Two CSC populations have been previously identified in GBM, one derived from the GBM area called enhanced lesion (GCSCs) and the other one from the brain area adjacent to the tumor margin (PCSCs) that greatly differ in their growth properties and tumor-initiating ability. To date the most effective chemotherapy to treat GBM is represented by alkylating agents such as temozolomide (TMZ), whose activity can be regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors through the modulation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression. Levetiracetam (LEV), a relatively new antiepileptic drug, modulates HDAC levels ultimately silencing MGMT, thus increasing TMZ effectiveness. However, an improvement in the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ is needed. Methods Cell proliferation was investigated by BrdU cell proliferation assay and by Western Blot analysis of PCNA expression. Apoptosis was evaluated by Western Blot and Immunofluorescence analysis of the cleaved Caspase-3 expression. MGMT and HDAC4 expression was analyzed by Western Blotting and Immunofluorescence. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test. Results Here we evaluated the effect of TMZ on the proliferation rate of the IDH-wildtype GCSCs and PCSCs derived from six patients, in comparison with the effects of other drugs such as etoposide, irinotecan and carboplatin. Our results demonstrated that TMZ was less effective compared to the other agents; hence, we verified the possibility to increase the effect of TMZ by combining it with LEV. Here we show that LEV enhances the effect of TMZ on GCSCs proliferation (being less effective on PCSCs) by decreasing MGMT expression, promoting HDAC4 nuclear translocation and activating apoptotic pathway. Conclusions Although further studies are needed to determine the exact mechanism by which LEV makes GBM stem cells more sensitive to TMZ, these results suggest that the clinical therapeutic efficacy of TMZ in GBM might be enhanced by the combined treatment with LEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- 1Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Silvia Sorrentino
- 1Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Gabriella Proietti
- 1Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Gina Lama
- 1Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Gabriella Dobrowolny
- 2DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Catizone
- 2DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Binda
- 3ISBReMIT-Cancer Stem Cells Unit, IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio 7, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Larocca
- 4Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Gigliola Sica
- 1Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Glycans and glycosaminoglycans in neurobiology: key regulators of neuronal cell function and fate. Biochem J 2018; 475:2511-2545. [PMID: 30115748 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the roles of l-fucose and the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) keratan sulfate (KS) and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) with selected functional molecules in neural tissues. Cell surface glycans and GAGs have evolved over millions of years to become cellular mediators which regulate fundamental aspects of cellular survival. The glycocalyx, which surrounds all cells, actuates responses to growth factors, cytokines and morphogens at the cellular boundary, silencing or activating downstream signaling pathways and gene expression. In this review, we have focused on interactions mediated by l-fucose, KS and CS/DS in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Fucose makes critical contributions in the area of molecular recognition and information transfer in the blood group substances, cytotoxic immunoglobulins, cell fate-mediated Notch-1 interactions, regulation of selectin-mediated neutrophil extravasation in innate immunity and CD-34-mediated new blood vessel development, and the targeting of neuroprogenitor cells to damaged neural tissue. Fucosylated glycoproteins regulate delivery of synaptic neurotransmitters and neural function. Neural KS proteoglycans (PGs) were examined in terms of cellular regulation and their interactive properties with neuroregulatory molecules. The paradoxical properties of CS/DS isomers decorating matrix and transmembrane PGs and the positive and negative regulatory cues they provide to neurons are also discussed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Angelucci C, D'Alessio A, Lama G, Binda E, Mangiola A, Vescovi AL, Proietti G, Masuelli L, Bei R, Fazi B, Ciafrè SA, Sica G. Cancer stem cells from peritumoral tissue of glioblastoma multiforme: the possible missing link between tumor development and progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28116-28130. [PMID: 29963265 PMCID: PMC6021333 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for gliomagenesis, resistance to treatment and recurrence. Unfortunately, the prognosis for GBM remains poor and recurrence frequently occurs in the peritumoral tissue within 2 cm from the tumor edge. In this area, a population of CSCs has been demonstrated which may recapitulate the tumor after surgical resection. In the present study, we aimed to characterize CSCs derived from both peritumoral tissue (PCSCs) and GBM (GCSCs) in order to deepen their significance in GBM development and progression. The stemness of PCSC/GCSC pairs obtained from four human GBM surgical specimens was investigated by comparing the expression of specific stem cell markers such as Nestin, Musashi-1 and SOX2. In addition, the growth rate, the ultrastructural features and the expression of other molecules such as c-Met, pMet and MAP kinases, involved in cell migration/invasion, maintenance of tumor stemness and/or resistance to treatments were evaluated. Since it has been recently demonstrated the involvement of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the progression of gliomas, the expression of H19 lncRNA, as well as of one of its two mature products miR-675-5p was evaluated in neurospheres. Our results show significant differences between GCSCs and PCSCs in terms of proliferation, ultrastructural peculiarities and, at a lower extent, stemness profile. These differences might be important in view of their potential role as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Angelucci
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio D'Alessio
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Lama
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Binda
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, ISBReMIT-Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annunziato Mangiola
- Istituto di Neurochirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, ISBReMIT-Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.,Hyperstem SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Proietti
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Fazi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Anna Ciafrè
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pellegatta S, Savoldo B, Di Ianni N, Corbetta C, Chen Y, Patané M, Sun C, Pollo B, Ferrone S, DiMeco F, Finocchiaro G, Dotti G. Constitutive and TNFα-inducible expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 in glioblastoma and neurospheres: Implications for CAR-T cell therapy. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaao2731. [PMID: 29491184 PMCID: PMC8713441 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous expression of tumor-associated antigens limits the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected T cells (CAR-Ts) for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). We have found that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is highly expressed in 67% of the GBM specimens with limited heterogeneity. CSPG4 is also expressed on primary GBM-derived cells, grown in vitro as neurospheres (GBM-NS), which recapitulate the histopathology and molecular characteristics of primary GBM. CSPG4.CAR-Ts efficiently controlled the growth of GBM-NS in vitro and in vivo upon intracranial tumor inoculation. Moreover, CSPG4.CAR-Ts were also effective against GBM-NS with moderate to low expression of CSPG4. This effect was mediated by the in vivo up-regulation of CSPG4 on tumor cells, induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) released by the microglia surrounding the tumor. Overall, the constitutive and TNFα-inducible expression of CSPG4 in GBM may greatly reduce the risk of tumor cell escape observed when targeted antigens are heterogeneously expressed on tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pellegatta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalia Di Ianni
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Corbetta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Monica Patané
- Unit of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chuang Sun
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Unit of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
D'Alessio A, Proietti G, Lama G, Biamonte F, Lauriola L, Moscato U, Vescovi A, Mangiola A, Angelucci C, Sica G. Analysis of angiogenesis related factors in glioblastoma, peritumoral tissue and their derived cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78541-78556. [PMID: 27705944 PMCID: PMC5346658 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels represents a crucial event under both physiological and pathological circumstances. In this study, we evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and/or Western blotting and/or quantitative real time-PCR the expression of HIF1α, HIF2α, VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in surgical glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and peritumoral tissue samples obtained from 50 patients as well as in cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated from GBM (GCSCs) and peritumoral tissue (PCSCs) of 5 patients. We also investigated the contribution of both GCSCs and PCSCs on the behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the expression of angiogenesis markers in both GBM and peritumoral tissue. In addition, in vitro tube formation assay indicated that both GCSCs and PCSCs stimulate EC proliferation as well as tube-like vessel formation. An increased migration aptitude was mainly observed when ECs were cultured in the presence of GCSCs rather than in the presence of PCSCs. These findings suggest that relevant neoangiogenetic events may occur in GBM. In particular, VEGF/VEGFR co-expression in PCSCs leads to hypothesize the involvement of an autocrine signaling. Moreover, our results suggest that both GCSCs and PCSCs own the skill of activating the "angiogenic switch" and the capability of modulating EC behavior, indicating that both cell types are either responsive to angiogenic stimuli or able to trigger angiogenic response. Together with our previous findings, this study adds a further piece to the challenging puzzle of the characterization of peritumoral tissue and of the definition of its real role in GBM pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio D'Alessio
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Proietti
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Lama
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Libero Lauriola
- Institute of Pathology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Moscato
- Institute of Public Health, Hygiene Division,"A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Vescovi
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Cristiana Angelucci
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gómez-Pinedo U, Sirerol-Piquer S, Durán-Moreno M, Matias-Guiu JA, Barcia JA, García-Verdugo JM, Matias-Guiu J. NG2 and GFAP co-expression after differentiation in cells transfected with mutant GFAP and in undifferentiated glioma cells. Neurologia 2017; 35:479-485. [PMID: 29249301 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alexander disease is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the gene coding for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In a previous study, differentiation of neurospheres transfected with these mutations resulted in a cell type that expresses both GFAP and NG2. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of molecular marker mutations in comparison to undifferentiated glioma cells simultaneously expressing GFAP and NG2. METHODS We used samples of human glioblastoma (GBM) and rat neurospheres transfected with GFAP mutations to analyse GFAP and NG2 expression after differentiation. We also performed an immunocytochemical analysis of neuronal differentiation for both cell types and detection of GFAP, NG2, vimentin, Olig2, and caspase-3 at 3 and 7 days from differentiation. RESULTS Both the cells transfected with GFAP mutations and GBM cells showed increased NG2 and GFAP expression. However, expression of caspase-3-positive cells was found to be considerably higher in transfected cells than in GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GFAP expression is not the only factor associated with cell death in Alexander disease. Caspase-3 expression and the potential role of NG2 in increasing resistance to apoptosis in cells co-expressing GFAP and NG2 should be considered in the search for new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - S Sirerol-Piquer
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - M Durán-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - J A Matias-Guiu
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - J A Barcia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - J M García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - J Matias-Guiu
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
NDGA-P21, a novel derivative of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, inhibits glioma cell proliferation and stemness. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1180-1187. [PMID: 28504686 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and its synthetic chiral analog dl-nordihydroguaiaretic acid (Nordy) show collective benefits in anti-tumor, and defending against viral and bacterial infections. Here, we synthetized a new derivative-NDGA-P21 based on NDGA structure. Regardless of the structural similarity, NDGA-P21 exhibited stronger capability in suppression of glioblastoma (GBM) cell growth as compared to Nordy. Mechanically, NDGA-P21 is able to arrest cell cycle of GBM cells in G0/G1 phase, and to block cell proliferation sequentially. It is important to note that NDGA-P21 is able to impair the stemness of glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs) via measurement of colony formation and sphere formation. Taken together, the novel NDGA-based compound NDGA-P21 exhibits potential therty -20 apeutic implications through inhibiting proliferation of glioma cells and self-renewal capability of GSLCs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Jackson S, ElAli A, Virgintino D, Gilbert MR. Blood-brain barrier pericyte importance in malignant gliomas: what we can learn from stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:1173-1182. [PMID: 28541444 PMCID: PMC5570196 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pericyte, a constitutive component of the central nervous system, is a poorly understood cell type that envelops the endothelial cell with the intended purpose of regulating vascular flow and endothelial cell permeability. Previous studies of pericyte function have been limited to a small number of disease processes such as ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Recently, publications have postulated a link between glioma stem cell differentiation and pericyte function. These studies suggest that there may be an important interaction of pericytes with tumor cells and other components of the tumor microenvironment in malignant primary glial neoplasms, most notably glioblastoma. This potential cellular interaction underscores the need to pursue more investigations of pericytes in malignant brain tumor biology. In this review, we summarize the functional roles of pericytes, particularly focusing on changes in pericyte biology during response to immune cells, inflammation, and hypoxic conditions. The information presented is based on the available data from studies of pericyte function in other central nervous system diseases but will serve as a foundation for research investigations to further understand the role of pericytes in malignant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Jackson
- National Cancer Institute, Neuro-oncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland; Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Neuroscience Axis, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Ayman ElAli
- National Cancer Institute, Neuro-oncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland; Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Neuroscience Axis, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- National Cancer Institute, Neuro-oncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland; Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Neuroscience Axis, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- National Cancer Institute, Neuro-oncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland; Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Neuroscience Axis, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Collette NM, Yee CS, Hum NR, Murugesh DK, Christiansen BA, Xie L, Economides AN, Manilay JO, Robling AG, Loots GG. Sostdc1 deficiency accelerates fracture healing by promoting the expansion of periosteal mesenchymal stem cells. Bone 2016; 88:20-30. [PMID: 27102547 PMCID: PMC6277141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of Sostdc1, a growth factor paralogous to Sost, causes the formation of ectopic incisors, fused molars, abnormal hair follicles, and resistance to kidney disease. Sostdc1 is expressed in the periosteum, a source of osteoblasts, fibroblasts and mesenchymal progenitor cells, which are critically important for fracture repair. Here, we investigated the role of Sostdc1 in bone metabolism and fracture repair. Mice lacking Sostdc1 (Sostdc1(-/-)) had a low bone mass phenotype associated with loss of trabecular bone in both lumbar vertebrae and in the appendicular skeleton. In contrast, Sostdc1(-/-) cortical bone measurements revealed larger bones with higher BMD, suggesting that Sostdc1 exerts differential effects on cortical and trabecular bone. Mid-diaphyseal femoral fractures induced in Sostdc1(-/-) mice showed that the periosteal population normally positive for Sostdc1 rapidly expands during periosteal thickening and these cells migrate into the fracture callus at 3days post fracture. Quantitative analysis of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and osteoblast populations determined that MSCs express Sostdc1, and that Sostdc1(-/-) 5day calluses harbor >2-fold more MSCs than fractured wildtype controls. Histologically a fraction of Sostdc1-positive cells also expressed nestin and α-smooth muscle actin, suggesting that Sostdc1 marks a population of osteochondral progenitor cells that actively participate in callus formation and bone repair. Elevated numbers of MSCs in D5 calluses resulted in a larger, more vascularized cartilage callus at day 7, and a more rapid turnover of cartilage with significantly more remodeled bone and a thicker cortical shell at 21days post fracture. These data support accelerated or enhanced bone formation/remodeling of the callus in Sostdc1(-/-) mice, suggesting that Sostdc1 may promote and maintain mesenchymal stem cell quiescence in the periosteum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Collette
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Cristal S Yee
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hum
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Deepa K Murugesh
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | | | - LiQin Xie
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Jennifer O Manilay
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Gabriela G Loots
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|