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Fumeaux P, Roche S, Mercier C, Iwaz J, Bader M, Stéphan P, Écochard R, Revol O. Validation of the French Version of Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised, Short Version (CPRS-R:S): Scale Measurement Invariance by Sex and Age. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1693-1700. [PMID: 29584532 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717696767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: ADHD is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition to clinical assessment, its diagnosis requires the use of validated and reliable behavior questionnaires such as the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form (CPRS-R:S). Though various French versions of the CPRS-R:S have been already put to use in clinical practice and research, only a few have undergone a stringent validation process. After a previous validation of the factorial structure of Lausanne French version, we sought here for the analysis of its invariance across sex and age. Method: This validation step was carried out in a rather homogeneous French population of 365 boys and 374 girls from a single school. Two-age classes were considered: children (boys and girls) aged 9 to 11 years (n = 258) and adolescents aged 12 to 15 years (n = 481). Results: Regarding age, dimension Oppositional showed a strong invariance whereas dimensions Hyperactivity and Cognitive problems/Inattention showed a partially strong invariance. Regarding sex, dimensions Oppositional and Hyperactivity showed a partially strong invariance whereas dimension Cognitive problems/Inattention showed a partially weak invariance. The distribution of the CPRS-R:S scores is given by sex and age class. Conclusion: The Lausanne French version of the CPRS-R:S, already validated regarding its factorial structure, internal consistency, and reliability, is here validated regarding its invariance across sex and age. Caution should be taken in using dimension Cognitive problems/Inattention in comparisons between boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Fumeaux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neuropsychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Bron, France.,Cabinet de Pédopsychiatrie et Neuropsychologie, enfants et adolescents / Dr P. FUMEAUX & S. COUSIN, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Roche
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Mercier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Iwaz
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Bader
- Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Stéphan
- Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Écochard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Revol
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neuropsychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Bron, France
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Willard VW, Conklin HM, Huang L, Zhang H, Kahalley LS. Concordance of parent-, teacher- and self-report ratings on the Conners 3 in adolescent survivors of cancer. Psychol Assess 2017; 28:1110-8. [PMID: 27537005 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for attention problems. The objectives of this study were to assess concordance between parent-, teacher-, and self-report ratings on a measure of attention (Conners Rating Scales, 3rd ed.; Conners, 2008) in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and to examine associations with a performance-based task. The Conners 3 was completed by 80 survivors of pediatric cancer (39 brain tumor, 41 acute lymphoblastic leukemia; ages 12–17; at least 1 year posttreatment; 51.3% male) as well as their parents and 1 teacher. In addition, survivors completed a continuous performance test. Parents and teachers demonstrated moderate agreement on most subscales; however, agreement was weaker than would be expected based on the normative sample. Agreement between self- and proxy ratings was more variable. The strongest associations for all raters were observed on the Learning Problems subscale. There were significant mean differences between parent and teacher ratings, with parents reporting more problems across subscales. Only self-ratings of Inattention were significantly associated with the continuous performance test (omission errors). Agreement across raters in assessment of attentional functioning in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer is modest. Findings support the need to obtain multiple ratings of behavior, including both proxy- and self-report, when assessing youth with cancer, particularly adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lu Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Lisa S Kahalley
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Psychology, Baylor College of Medicine
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Fumeaux P, Mercier C, Roche S, Iwaz J, Bader M, Stéphan P, Ecochard R, Revol O. Validation of the French Version of Conners' Parent Rating Scale Revised, Short Version: Factorial Structure and Reliability. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:236-42. [PMID: 27254416 PMCID: PMC4794960 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716635549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders. Its diagnosis requires reference questionnaires such as the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). Presently, in French-speaking countries, a few translations of the revised short CPRS have been put to use without previous formal validation. We sought here for the validation of a French version (Lausanne, Switzerland) of the revised short CPRS regarding construct validity, internal consistency, and item reliability in a sample of French schoolchildren. METHOD The study involved 795 children and adolescents aged 9 to 19 years from a single school. The factorial structure and item reliability were assessed with a confirmatory factor analysis for ordered categorical variables. The dimension internal consistency was assessed with Guttman's lambda 6 coefficient. RESULTS The results confirmed the original and strong 3-dimensional factorial structure (Oppositional, Cognitive Problems/Inattention, and Hyperactivity), showed satisfactory item reliability, and indicated a good dimension internal consistency (Guttman's lambda 6 coefficient: 0.87, 0.90, and 0.82, respectively, to the 3 dimensions). CONCLUSIONS Thus, the Lausanne French version of the revised short CPRS may be considered validated regarding construct validity and item and dimension reliability; it can be now more confidently used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Fumeaux
- Service de Neuropsychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent (SUPEA), Département de Psychiatrie (DP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Mercier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Roche
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Iwaz
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Bader
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent (SUPEA), Département de Psychiatrie (DP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Stéphan
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent (SUPEA), Département de Psychiatrie (DP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Ecochard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Revol
- Service de Neuropsychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Amiri S, AbdollahiFakhim S, Lotfi A, Bayazian G, Sohrabpour M, Hemmatjoo T. Effect of adenotonsillectomy on ADHD symptoms of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and sleep disordered breathing. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1213-7. [PMID: 26066853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common etiologic agent for the obstruction of the upper airways in children, which might be associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood. Despite the concurrence of these two conditions, i.e., obstruction of the airways and ADHD, no exact etiologic relationship has been established between adenotonsillectomy (AT) and ADHD symptoms. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of AT on the ADHD symptoms in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and sleep disordered breathing (SDB). METHODS The design of the present study consisted of pre-test and post-test, followed by post hoc tests. Fifty-three children aged 3-12 were included in this study, selected from those referring to the Pediatric Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, with SDB, adenotonsillar hypertrophy and ADHD based on DSM-IV criteria, by availability of the subjects undergoing adenotonsillectomy after evaluation of the severity of ADHD symptoms. The scores of ADHD symptoms were evaluated before AT and at 3- and 6-month postoperative intervals based on Conner's Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R) Questionnaire. Repeated-measures ANOVA and Fisher's exact test were used for data analysis. RESULTS AT resulted in a significant decrease in the severity of ADHD symptoms (oppositional behavior, cognitive disorders, inattention, hyperactivity and ADHD index) at 3- and 6-month postoperative intervals (P<0.001), with more significant decreases at 6-month postoperative interval compared to 3-month interval (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this pilot study, AT in children with SDB associated with ADHD resulted in a significant decrease in the severity of ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh Amiri
- Associate professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Shahin AbdollahiFakhim
- Associate professor of Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Alireza Lotfi
- Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology, Imam Reza hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Bayazian
- Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology, Hazrat Rasool hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Sohrabpour
- ENT Resident, Imam Reza hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Taghi Hemmatjoo
- ENT Resident, Imam Reza hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Moyer KH, Willard VW, Gross AM, Netson KL, Ashford JM, Kahalley LS, Wu S, Xiong X, Conklin HM. The impact of attention on social functioning in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:1290-5. [PMID: 22848032 PMCID: PMC3468686 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive late effects experienced by many survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and brain tumors are well-established. The most commonly reported deficit is difficulty with attention. Problems with social functioning have also been identified, but their relationship with cognitive functioning is not well understood. This multi-site, cross-sectional study aimed to examine the impact of attention on social functioning. PROCEDURE Four hundred sixty nine survivors of ALL and brain tumors (55% ALL; 57% male) completed study procedures, including parent- and teacher-report measures of attention (Conners' Rating Scales, Revised) and parent-report of social functioning [Social Skills Rating System (SSRS)] as part of their screening evaluation for a large clinical trial. Survivors were 12.1 years of age and 4.9 years from the end of treatment at the time of study. RESULTS Results revealed that survivors' parent-reported attention problems were uniquely associated with their social functioning, relative to known demographic- and treatment-related risk factors. Teacher-reported attention problems, in contrast, were not, despite a significant correlation between the two. Deficits in intelligence and female gender were also significantly associated with poor social functioning. CONCLUSIONS Attention problems uniquely impact difficulties with social functioning in survivors of pediatric cancer. Future studies will need to further examine the relationship between attention and social functioning in survivors, particularly when assessed by teacher report. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1290-1295. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan M. Gross
- Department of Psychology, The University of Mississippi
| | - Kelli L. Netson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas School of Medicine - Wichita
| | | | - Lisa S. Kahalley
- Section of Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Xiaoping Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Heather M. Conklin
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital,Corresponding author: Telephone: 901-595-3585. Fax: 901-595-4701. Address: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 740, Memphis, TN 38105-3678.
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Hardy KK, Willard VW, Allen TM, Bonner MJ. Working memory training in survivors of pediatric cancer: a randomized pilot study. Psychooncology 2012. [PMID: 23203754 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Survivors of pediatric brain tumors and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at increased risk for neurocognitive deficits, but few empirically supported treatment options exist. We examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a home-based, computerized working memory training program, CogmedRM, with survivors of childhood cancer. METHODS Survivors of brain tumors or ALL (n = 20) with identified deficits in attention and/or working memory were randomized to either the success-adapted computer intervention or a non-adaptive, active control condition. Specifically, children in the adaptive condition completed exercises that became more challenging with each correct trial, whereas those in the non-adaptive version trained with exercises that never increased in difficulty. All participants were asked to complete 25 training sessions at home, with weekly, phone-based coaching support. Brief assessments were completed pre-intervention and post-intervention; outcome measures included both performance-based and parent-report measures of working memory and attention. RESULTS Eighty-five percent of survivors were compliant with the intervention, with no adverse events reported. After controlling for baseline intellectual functioning, survivors who completed the intervention program evidenced significant post-training improvements in their visual working memory and in parent-rated learning problems compared with those in the active control group. No differences in verbal working memory functioning were evident between groups, however. CONCLUSIONS Home-based, computerized cognitive training demonstrates good feasibility and acceptability in our sample. Children with higher intellectual functioning at baseline appeared to benefit more from the training, although further study is needed to clarify the strength, scope, and particularly the generalizability of potential treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Hardy
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Neuropsychology Division, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Kalyva E, Malakonaki E, Eiser C, Mamoulakis D. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): self and parental perceptions. Pediatr Diabetes 2011; 12:34-40. [PMID: 20546163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Greece compared with healthy controls and to identify the effect of age, gender, age of onset of disease, and metabolic control on perceptions of HRQoL. A total of 117 children and adolescents with T1DM aged 5-18, their parents, and 128 matched healthy children and adolescents participated. Children and adolescents completed PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Children and adolescents with T1DM also completed the PedsQL™ 3.0 Diabetes Module, while their parents completed the proxy-reports of both the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL™ 3.0 Diabetes Module. The results demonstrated that children and adolescents with T1DM had lower general HRQoL compared with healthy matched children and adolescents. Parents of children and adolescents with diabetes reported that the illness has a greater affect on their children's lives than the children themselves. Finally, the results indicated that later age of onset of diabetes, less hyperglycemic episodes, lower glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), older age, and male gender were associated with better general HRQoL and diabetes-specific HRQoL. The findings have implications for designing effective therapeutic interventions aimed at improving the HRQoL of children and adolescents with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrosini Kalyva
- Department of Psychology, City College, 24 Proxenou Koromila Street, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Hardy KK, Willard VW, Bonner MJ. Computerized cognitive training in survivors of childhood cancer: a pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2011; 28:27-33. [PMID: 20966158 DOI: 10.1177/1043454210377178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to pilot a computerized cognitive training program, Captain's Log, in a small sample of survivors of childhood cancer. A total of 9 survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors with attention and working memory deficits were enrolled in a home-based 12-week cognitive training program. Survivors returned for follow-up assessments postintervention and 3 months later. The intervention was associated with good feasibility and acceptability. Participants exhibited significant increases in working memory and decreases in parent-rated attention problems following the intervention. Findings indicate that home-based, computerized cognitive intervention is a promising intervention for survivors with cognitive late effects; however, further study is warranted with a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Hardy
- Duke University Medical Center and Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Kahalley LS, Tyc VL, Wilson SJ, Nelms J, Hudson MM, Wu S, Xiong X, Hinds PS. Adolescent cancer survivors' smoking intentions are associated with aggression, attention, and smoking history. J Cancer Surviv 2010; 5:123-31. [PMID: 20922493 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-010-0149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examines behavioral and psychosocial factors associated with smoking intentions and experimentation among adolescent survivors of pediatric cancer. METHODS Adolescent survivors of brain tumor and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 99) provided information about their smoking histories and their intentions to smoke in the future. Behavior rating scales were completed by survivors, parents, and teachers. RESULTS Past experimentation with smoking and higher levels of self-reported aggression were associated with intentions to smoke in the future (OR = 4.18, 95% CI 1.02-17.04, and OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15, respectively), while teacher-ratings of inattention in the classroom were negatively associated with intentions to smoke (OR = 0.94, 95% CI.88-.99), all p < .05. Experimentation with smoking was more likely among older survivors (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.16-2.66, p < .01) and those whose parents had divorced (OR = 4.40, 95% CI 1.21-16.06, p < .05). DISCUSSION A concerning minority of adolescent survivors have clear intentions to smoke, a behavior that adds to their overall health risk. Smoking intentions and experimentation are important precursors to regular smoking. Prevention efforts are needed to interrupt the progression from intentions and experimentation to established smoking and nicotine dependence in this medically vulnerable population. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Assessment of an adolescent's history of parental divorce, past experimentation with smoking, and aggressive behavior will identify those survivors who are likely to consider smoking in the future. Screening for these characteristics will allow clinicians to be more vigilant in health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Kahalley
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Psychology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Wolfe-Christensen C, Mullins LL, Stinnett TA, Carpentier MY, Fedele DA. Use of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children 2nd Edition: Parent Report Scale in Pediatric Cancer Populations. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2009; 16:322-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-009-9174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Atkinson TM, Ryan JP. The Use of Variants of the Trail Making Test in Serial Assessment. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282907301592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The construct validity of three variants of the Trail Making Test was investigated using 162 undergraduate psychology students. During a 3-week period, the Trail Making Test of the Delis—Kaplan Executive Function System, Comprehensive Trail Making Test, and Connections Task were administered in six possible orders. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a two-factor (sequencing, shifting) model was identified as the best fitting model for the data as an alternative to unitary and three-factor (sequencing, shifting, scanning) models. The two-factor structure was invariant across groups. A latent means structural analysis yielded no differences between the factor means for each of the groups, which indicates the absence of order effects and supports the interchangeable use of the three tests. The study proposes the use of alternate, equivalent tasks to help eliminate the effects of practice associated with serial assessment and should be replicated in a clinical sample.
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