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Rawdon C, Kilcullen SM, Murphy N, Swallow V, Gallagher P, Lambert V. Parents' perspectives of factors affecting parent-adolescent communication about type 1 diabetes and negotiation of self-management responsibilities. J Child Health Care 2024; 28:514-535. [PMID: 36529483 PMCID: PMC11459864 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221146009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is an important time in which young people take on type 1 diabetes (T1D) self-management responsibility. Parents are key facilitators of this process. Little is known about parents' experiences of communicating with their children about T1D during adolescence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 parents (24 mothers and 8 fathers) of adolescents (11-17 years) living with T1D to explore how parents communicate about T1D and self-management with their adolescent children. Parents were recruited through two national child and adolescent diabetes and endocrine clinics and online advertisement through a national diabetes advocacy organisation. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Six themes were identified: parent factors, quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, communication strategies, adolescent factors, communication triggers and family/system factors. Understanding factors that impact communication about self-management between parents and adolescents will enable healthcare professionals to provide support and targeted interventions as parent and adolescent roles change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nuala Murphy
- Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Jia Y, Wang H, Zhang Z, Wang J, Yi M, Chen O. Parenting style and child asthma control in families of school-age children with asthma: The mediating effects of children's general self-efficacy and medication adherence. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e293-e301. [PMID: 37805379 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parenting style plays a pivotal role in children's chronic disease control. However, the relationship and underlying mechanism between parenting style and asthma control remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of parenting style on children's general self-efficacy, medication adherence and asthma control and the mediating effects of general self-efficacy and medication adherence among school-age children with asthma. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling approach was conducted. This study followed the STROBE guidelines. School-age children with asthma and their parents (N = 211) from pediatric respiratory clinics in China completed the General Questionnaire, Short-Egna Minnen av. Barndoms Uppfostran-Chinese, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Medication Adherence Questionnaire and Childhood Asthma Control Test. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the mediation models. RESULTS Positive parenting style was positively correlated with child general self-efficacy, medication adherence and asthma control (r = 0.602, 0.572, 0.613, p < 0.001). Negative parenting style was negatively correlated with child general self-efficacy, medication adherence and asthma control (r = -0.535, -0.598, -0.586, p < 0.001). Structure Equation Modle (SEM) results indicated that the relationships between positive parenting style, negative parenting style and child asthma control were mediated by general self-efficacy (Effect Size [ES]: 0.209, 95%CI [0.075, 0.372]; and ES: -0.229, 95%CI [-0.387, -0.103], respectively) and medication adherence (ES: 0.128, 95%CI [0.032, 0.322]; and ES: -0.190, 95%CI [-0.432, -0.071], respectively) and together in serial (ES: 0.177, 95%CI [0.076, 0.295]; and ES: -0.118, 95%CI [-0.235, -0.020], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Parenting style may impact child asthma through both child general self-efficacy and medication adherence. The study may provide useful intervention targets for improving asthma control. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses should encourage parents to increase positive parenting style while decreasing negative parenting style. Family interventions focusing on general self-efficacy and medication adherence may be advantageous to improve asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmin Jia
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zeyi Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mo Yi
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ou Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Supervising Without Controlling: A New Authority intervention for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-02186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Mason KA, Marks BE, Wood CL, Le TN. Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: The patient perspective. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2021; 26:100279. [PMID: 34926167 PMCID: PMC8649788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) affects nearly 20% of adolescents and 40-50% of adults. However, the impact on patients and their families is poorly understood. Here, we examine how patients perceive CFRD and identify gaps in our understanding of the patient experience. Despite its relatively high prevalence, data suggest that many individuals are not aware of the possibility of developing CFRD or compare it to other types of diabetes. Annual oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) may serve as an opportunity to provide education and prepare individuals for the possibility of developing abnormalities in glucose tolerance. Many cite lack of awareness of CFRD as the most difficult part of the diagnosis. While factors such as older age and a strong support system promote acceptance, most individuals view the diagnosis negatively and struggle to balance the demands of diabetes with other obligations, including airway clearance, nebulizer therapies, supplementation nutrition, and administration of vitamins and medications. Relatively few people with CFRD monitor their blood glucoses consistently, which is attributed to time constraints or an attempt to avoid pain. In addition, many feel that they are not prone to hypoglycemia and are not concerned with long-term complications, anticipating that they will succumb to their pulmonary disease before these become problematic. The adolescent period presents unique challenges for adherence as children work to develop autonomy. Factors that promote CFRD adherence include incorporating management into daily CF routines and the support of knowledgeable providers to help develop an individualized approach to management. Diabetes technology has the potential to reduce treatment burden and improve glycemic control, but data in CFRD are limited, and additional study is needed. Given that CFRD is associated with a decline in health-related quality of life, it is critical that providers understand patients' perspectives and address gaps in understanding and barriers to management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Mason
- University of Virginia, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, PO Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brynn E. Marks
- Children’s National Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington District of Columbia 20010, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Ross Hall, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Colleen L. Wood
- Billings Clinic, Pediatric Subspecialties Department, Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2800 Tenth Avenue North P.O. Box 37000, Billings, MT 59107, USA
| | - Trang N. Le
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, 2305 N. Parham Road Suite 1, Richmond, VA 23229, USA
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Ayar D, Gürkan KP, Bektas M, Böber E, Abaci A. Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the Collaborative Parent Involvement Scale for youths with type 1 diabetes. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Lee S, Tsai M, Chang S, Chen J, Wang R. Modelling individual, parental and peer factors to glycaemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A prospective study. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:1162-1171. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Li Lee
- College of Nursing Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Meng‐Che Tsai
- Division of Genetics Metabolism and Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics National Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan
- Clinical Assistant Professor College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Shu‐Chen Chang
- Department of Nursing Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences Dayeh University Changhua Taiwan
| | - Jyu‐Lin Chen
- School of Nursing University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Ruey‐Hsia Wang
- College of Nursing Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Chung‐Ho Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan
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Thomas DM, Lipsky LM, Liu A, Nansel TR. Income Relates to Adherence in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Through Parenting Constructs. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2019; 39:508-515. [PMID: 29782387 PMCID: PMC6059984 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Informed by the family stress and family investment models, this study investigated whether income is indirectly related to adherence and glycemic control through parenting constructs among youth with type 1 diabetes (TID). METHODS Youth and their families (n = 390) from 4 geographically dispersed pediatric endocrinology clinics in the United States were participants in a multisite clinical trial from 2006 to 2009 examining the efficacy of a clinic-integrated behavioral intervention targeting family disease management for youth with TID. Baseline data were collected from youth aged 9 to 14 years and their parents. Parents reported family income and completed a semistructured interview assessing diabetes management adherence. Parents and children reported diabetes-specific parent-child conflict. Children completed measures of collaborative parent involvement and authoritative parenting. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a biomarker of glycemic control, was analyzed centrally at a reference laboratory. The relations of income, parenting variables, regimen, adherence, and HbA1c were examined using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Lower family income was associated with greater parent-child conflict and a less authoritative parenting style. Authoritative parenting was associated with more collaborative parent involvement and less parent-child conflict, both of which were associated with greater adherence, which was associated with more optimal glycemic control (p < 0.05 all associations). Indirect effects of family income on adherence and glycemic control through parenting constructs were significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Findings lend support for the family stress and family investment models, suggesting that lower family income may negatively impact parent-child constructs, with adverse effects on diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter M. Thomas
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Health Behavior Branch (DMT, LML, TRN), Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch (AL), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leah M. Lipsky
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Health Behavior Branch (DMT, LML, TRN), Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch (AL), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Health Behavior Branch (DMT, LML, TRN), Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch (AL), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tonja R. Nansel
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Health Behavior Branch (DMT, LML, TRN), Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch (AL), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
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Caruso A, Grolnick W, Rabner J, Lebel A. Parenting, self-regulation, and treatment adherence in pediatric chronic headache: A self-determination theory perspective. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:1637-1650. [PMID: 31674212 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319884596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined parenting factors associated with children's self-regulation and physician-rated treatment adherence using a self-determination theory framework in pediatric chronic headache. Participants were 58 children and adolescents (aged 10-17 years), who underwent initial and follow-up multidisciplinary evaluation at a headache clinic, and their mothers. Regression analyses showed that higher maternal autonomy support and structure were significantly related to children's lower treatment-related reactance and higher adherence. Maternal controllingness had associations in the opposite directions. Children's fear of pain was related to maternal controllingness. Results suggest the importance of parents' provision of clear expectations and engaging children in treatment problem-solving and decision-making.
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Goethals ER, Soenens B, de Wit M, Vansteenkiste M, Laffel LM, Casteels K, Luyckx K. "Let's talk about it" The role of parental communication in adolescents' motivation to adhere to treatment recommendations for type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:1025-1034. [PMID: 31369191 PMCID: PMC7008457 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study examines the role of parental expectations and communication style (ie, in an autonomy-supportive vs controlling way) in the prediction of adolescent motivation (ie, internalization or defiance) to adhere to self-management for type 1 diabetes. METHODS Structural Equation Modeling was used in a cross-sectional, multi-informant study of 129 adolescents (Mage = 14.43; 54.4% girls), 110 mothers, and 98 fathers. Adolescents reported on self-motivation, treatment adherence, and parental expectations and communication styles; parents reported on their own expectations, communication style, and perceptions of adolescent treatment adherence. Medical record review provided HbA1c values. RESULTS Across adolescent and parent reports, parental communication of diabetes-specific expectations and an autonomy-supportive style of communicating expectations related positively to adolescents' internalization of diabetes self-management and negatively to defiance against diabetes self-management. In contrast, a controlling parental communication style showed the opposite patterns of associations. Higher adolescent defiance was related to poorer treatment adherence and worse glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS Parental communication styles related to adolescent motivation, which in turn, related to adolescent treatment adherence and glycemic control. Future longitudinal research can address the long-term impact of both maternal and paternal communication styles on adolescent motivation to adhere to treatment and their subsequent glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline R. Goethals
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Maartje de Wit
- VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lori M. Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristina Casteels
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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O'Toole S, Gallagher P, Benson A, Shahwan A, Austin JK, Lambert V. Exploring the relationship between parent-child communication about epilepsy and psychosocial well-being. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:1207-1221. [PMID: 31448626 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319871642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between parent-child communication and psychosocial well-being of 47 children living with epilepsy and 72 parents of children living with epilepsy. Open communication was associated with positive illness attitude, positive self-perception and greater health-related quality of life for children living with epilepsy; positive response to illness for parents; and more perceived social support and less need for epilepsy-related support for children living with epilepsy and parents. By contrast, closed communication was associated with poorer psychosocial well-being in children living with epilepsy and parents. Healthcare professionals should provide guidance for families living with childhood epilepsy on the importance of open communication in promoting greater psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amre Shahwan
- Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Ireland
| | - Joan K Austin
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, USA
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11
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Dempster KW, Liu A, Nansel TR. Depression and parenting in youth with type 1 diabetes: Are general and diabetes-specific parenting behaviors associated with depressive symptoms over a 2-year period? J Behav Med 2019; 42:842-850. [PMID: 30694403 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-019-00011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of general parenting style and diabetes-specific parenting behaviors with depression in youth with type 1 diabetes. Participants (n = 390) completed self-report measures of depression at baseline and 2-year follow-up, general parenting style at baseline, and diabetes-specific parenting (conflict, task involvement, and collaborative involvement) at baseline and every 6 months. Logistic regression examined associations of parenting with depression at baseline and 2-year follow-up. A less authoritative parenting style, lower parent collaborative involvement, and greater diabetes-related conflict were associated with baseline depression in the model simultaneously including all parenting variables and covariates. Lower parent collaborative involvement and higher diabetes-related conflict were associated with depression at 2-year follow-up, adjusting for baseline depression and covariates. Parent task involvement was not associated with depression at either time. Findings suggest a protective role of parenting in reducing the risk of depression in youth with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Dempster
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch (KWD, TRN), Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch (AL), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch (KWD, TRN), Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch (AL), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tonja R Nansel
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch (KWD, TRN), Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch (AL), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Prikken S, Oris L, Rassart J, Missotten LC, Weets I, Moons P, Goubert L, Luyckx K. Parental illness intrusiveness and youth glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes: intergenerational associations and processes. Psychol Health 2019; 34:438-455. [PMID: 30636450 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1538451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined associations between the functioning of youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents, including parenting dimensions as intervening mechanisms. The study adds to the existing literature by focusing on (1) the concept of parental illness intrusiveness; (2) the (understudied) periods of adolescence and emerging adulthood; and (3) maternal and paternal functioning. DESIGN Questionnaires were completed by 317 patient-mother dyads and 277 patient-father dyads. All patients (aged 14-25) had type 1 diabetes. The hypothesised model was compared to an alternative model using structural equation modelling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Youth reported on depressive symptoms and treatment adherence; Physicians provided HbA1c-values. Parents reported on illness intrusiveness, depressive symptoms, and their child's treatment adherence. Patients and parents reported on psychological control and overprotection. RESULTS The hypothesised path model had a good fit to the data. Parental illness intrusiveness was positively associated with depressive symptoms and both were positively related to overprotection and psychological control. Psychological control was positively related to patients' depressive symptoms and negatively to treatment adherence. Poorer treatment adherence was associated with worse HbA1c-values. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the relevance of parental illness intrusiveness and emphasise the importance of mothers' and fathers' roles throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Prikken
- a KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Leen Oris
- a KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jessica Rassart
- a KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen , Brussels , Belgium
| | | | - Ilse Weets
- c Free University Brussels , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Philip Moons
- a KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,d University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Maternal Parenting Styles and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020214. [PMID: 30646525 PMCID: PMC6352042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine differences in parenting styles between mothers of children with type 1 diabetes and mothers of healthy children and to explore relationships between parenting styles and glycemic control of children with diabetes. Mothers of 63 children with diabetes and mothers of 83 children without diabetes reported their parenting styles using the Blocks' Child Rearing Practices Report, when their child was 9⁻10 years old. Glycemic control of the children with diabetes was evaluated 1 year after diagnosis (<6 years of age) and at the time of the study (at 9⁻10 years). Mothers of children with diabetes used more psychological control than mothers of healthy children. Among girls with diabetes, poorer early glycemic control was associated with mothers' subsequent greater use of psychological control. Behavioral control was positively associated with poorer current glycemic control. In boys, psychological control was positively associated with poorer current glycemic control. Psychological control in families with diabetes needs attention, because it has shown to be associated with poorer diabetes care.
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Noser AE, Majidi S, Finch J, Clements MA, Youngkin EM, Patton SR. Authoritarian parenting style predicts poorer glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:1315-1321. [PMID: 30014608 PMCID: PMC6487856 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among parenting styles (ie, authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) and youth glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a cohort of families of children with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS One-hundred two parents completed a baseline measure of parenting style, and we collected child HbA1c values at baseline and at three- and six-month follow-ups. We examined correlations among use of different parenting strategies and child HbA1cs. We conducted multiple regressions to assess the impact of these strategies on child HbA1c at three-month and six-month follow-ups, while controlling for baseline HbA1c, family income, and T1D duration. RESULTS Correlational analyses showed negative associations between authoritative strategies and child HbA1c at baseline, three-month, and six-month assessments and positive associations between authoritarian strategies and child HbA1c at three-month and six-month assessments. Regression analyses found use of authoritarian-like strategies were the only parenting strategies associated with child HbA1c at three-month and six-month follow-ups, while controlling for baseline HbA1c, family income, and T1D duration. CONCLUSION Parents' use of authoritarian-like strategies may negatively impact glycemic control over the course of six-month in children with new-onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Noser
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas,Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Shideh Majidi
- Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jonathan Finch
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Mark A. Clements
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri,Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Erin M. Youngkin
- Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Susana R. Patton
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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