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Bekar P, Erkul M, Efe E. Experiences of Parents of Children with Cancer in the Diagnosis Process: A Qualitative Study. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228241272694. [PMID: 39120953 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241272694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the experiences of parents of children with cancer in the diagnosis process. A descriptive qualitative research design and content analysis method were used. Eleven parents participated in the study. Three main themes emerged, each with related sub-themes: encountering a cancer diagnosis, changes in the lives of those affected by the diagnosis, and coping strategies. Upon their children's diagnosis, parents reported feelings of guilt, regret, helplessness, devastation, constant thoughts of death, and changes in their lives, with some siblings displaying negative reactions. Some children felt their freedom was restricted, and some refused treatment. Parents coped by distracting their attention, praying, receiving support from their family, relatives or health professionals, and maintaining hope for their children's recovery. The study concludes that parents of children diagnosed with cancer require support to manage and adapt to the diagnosis process and meet their needs effectively throughout this difficult journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Bekar
- Bucak School of Health, Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Münevver Erkul
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emine Efe
- Nursing Faculty, Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Rajendran P, Jarasiunaite-Fedosejeva G, İsbir GG, Shorey S. Healthy siblings' perspectives about paediatric palliative care: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. Palliat Med 2024; 38:25-41. [PMID: 38087809 DOI: 10.1177/02692163231217597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siblings of children requiring palliative care are often forgotten and overlooked, as the focus tends to be on the ill child and their parents. Limited knowledge of non-bereaved siblings' perspectives makes it challenging to provide appropriate support for them. A review of existing literature is thus needed to better understand the experiences of these siblings and to identify research gaps that may require further examination. AIM To consolidate the available qualitative evidence on the perspectives of non-bereaved healthy siblings regarding paediatric palliative care. DESIGN A qualitative systematic review using a meta-synthesis approach was conducted. DATA SOURCES Six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) were searched from each database's inception date until October 2022. The search included qualitative and mixed-method studies that reported the perceptions and associations of siblings of patients receiving paediatric palliative care. Data were synthesised using thematic analysis. RESULTS Eleven studies were included. The overarching theme of the review would be 'A walking shadow: Living in the darkness shaped by the dying sibling', and three key themes and nine subthemes were identified from the included articles: (1) Changing family dynamics; (2) Impact on school and socialisation and (3) Psychological impact and coping. CONCLUSION Siblings demonstrated negative psychological impacts and were affected by changing family structure and relationships. However, socialisation with society, and varied coping skills such as cognitive coping and using distraction techniques, were significant for siblings to go through this journey and even led to some positive outcomes for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshni Rajendran
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gözde Gökçe İsbir
- Midwifery Department, School of Health, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Tay J, Widger K, Stremler R. Self-reported experiences of siblings of children with
life-threatening conditions: A scoping review. J Child Health Care 2022; 26:517-530. [PMID: 34116616 PMCID: PMC9667075 DOI: 10.1177/13674935211026113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sibling relationships are one of the most long-lasting and influential relationships in a human's life. Living with a child who has a life-threatening condition changes healthy siblings' experience. This scoping review summarized and mapped research examining healthy siblings' experience of living with a child with a life-threatening condition to identify knowledge gaps and provide direction for future research. Studies were identified through five electronic databases. Of the 34 included studies, 17 used qualitative methods, four gathered data longitudinally and 24 focused on children with cancer. Four broad themes of sibling experience were identified across studies: family functioning, psychological well-being, social well-being, and coping. Siblings experienced challenges and difficulties over the course of the child's illness. Future research should incorporate longitudinal designs to better understand the trajectory of siblings' experiences and focus on a wider variety of life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Tay
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of
Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Joanne Tay, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty
of Nursing, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8,
Canada.
| | - Kimberley Widger
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of
Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Paediatric Advanced Care Team, Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Life Stage Program, ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn Stremler
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of
Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Santamaría Torres A, Rozo Guzmán AN, Trujillo Naranjo MC, Carreño Moreno SP. El hermano del niño con cáncer merece ser visible. REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE BIOÉTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.18359/rlbi.5436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
El hermano sano en situaciones de cáncer infantil es con frecuencia un sujeto invisible para su familia, los profesionales de la salud y las instituciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mapear e integrar la literatura científica acerca de la experiencia del hermano del niño diagnosticado con cáncer. Se desarrolló una Scoping Review de 28 artículos publicados entre 2016 y 2020, en los idiomas español, inglés y portugués. Se incluyeron 12 estudios cualitativos, 15 cuantitativos y un estudio mixto. Frente a los hallazgos, se identificó que hay cambios en las relaciones entre hermanos, parentales y sociales, además de cambios personales y una oferta limitada de apoyo a los hermanos del niño con cáncer. Se concluye que el cáncer infantil afecta directamente a los miembros de la familia, incluido al hermano sano, quien enfrenta cambios drásticos en su vida que implican nuevas necesidades, sentimientos y conductas de riesgo. Se requiere una mayor investigación y abordaje acerca del impacto del cáncer infantil en hermanos sanos, así como el diseño de intervenciones que pongan de manifiesto la necesidad de hacer visible a este sujeto que sufre el daño colateral del cáncer infantil y que ha sido descuidado por su familia y por los profesionales en salud.
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Thompson D, Deatrick JA, Knafl KA, Swallow VM, Wu YP. A Pragmatic Guide to Qualitative Analysis for Pediatric Researchers. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:1019-1030. [PMID: 35552750 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe four approaches to qualitative analysis in order to provide a pragmatic, application-oriented guide to their use in research focused on children and their families. METHODS Four commonly used approaches to qualitative analysis-framework analysis, rapid qualitative analysis, content analysis, and reflexive thematic analysis-are described and compared, including their analytic strategies, tips for use, terminology, and application to a hypothetical example. RESULTS A pragmatic guide to each method is provided as well as examples of how each analytic approach could be utilized to analyze the same dataset. CONCLUSIONS A variety of approaches to qualitative analysis are available to both novice and experienced qualitative researchers. The approach selected from the options presented in this article will depend on numerous factors, such as the clinical problem being explored, research context, aims, objectives, research questions, and resources available such as time and funds, and the qualitative expertise of the team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbe Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janet A Deatrick
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Knafl
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Veronica M Swallow
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yelena P Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Uber A, Ebelhar JS, Lanzel AF, Roche A, Vidal-Anaya V, Brock KE. Palliative Care in Pediatric Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:161-174. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Niinomi K, Mihira H, Ochiai R, Misawa A, Takigawa K, Kashiki N, Kakee N, Takata H, Ishida Y, Higaki T. Hospital Support for Siblings of Children With Illness in Japan. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:927084. [PMID: 35712629 PMCID: PMC9195589 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.927084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen increased attention to the needs and support of siblings of children with chronic illness, and reports of intervention studies on siblings are gradually increasing worldwide. In Japan, the basic policy approved by the Cabinet in 2021 of The Basic Law for Child and Maternal Health and Development stipulates promoting support for the siblings of children with chronic illness, medical care, and disabilities. Simultaneously, practical reports are emerging. However, reports on the actual state of sibling support at medical institutions in Japan are limited. This study aimed to describe the actual state of support for siblings of children with illness in Japanese medical institutions using a cross-sectional design. Responses were obtained from 207 of 484 registered training facilities for Board-Certified Pediatricians of the Japan Pediatric Society through anonymous questionnaires investigating the actual state of siblings' support. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the state of siblings' support was described. Fifty-two participants (25.1%) answered that the entire ward, including two outpatient departments, provided siblings' support, while 37 (17.9%) answered some staff made an effort, and 117 (56.5%) did not. Support mentioned included conversing with siblings, actively speaking to siblings, calling siblings' names, and counseling care through the parents. Of the 45 cases (21.7%) where siblings were invited to events and gatherings, 10 (22.2%) were siblings-centered events. Some cases involved collaboration with local sibling support groups such as non-profit organizations. This study clarified the actual state of siblings' support, and further expansion of this support is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuteru Niinomi
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hajime Mihira
- Education and Research Center of Legal Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryota Ochiai
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akiko Misawa
- Yamashiro Minami Health Care Center of Kyoto Prefecture, Kizugawa, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Takigawa
- Department of Education, Faculty of Human Development and Education, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagako Kashiki
- Graduate School of Education, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Naoko Kakee
- Division of Bioethics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takata
- Department of Regional Pediatrics and Perinatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishida
- Pediatric Medical Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Higaki
- Department of Regional Pediatrics and Perinatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
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Wawrzynski SE, Schaefer MR, Schvaneveldt N, Alderfer MA. Social support and siblings of children with cancer: A scoping review. Psychooncology 2021; 30:1232-1245. [PMID: 33851490 PMCID: PMC8363579 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social support is essential in healthy adjustment to life stressors. This scoping review examines how social support has been conceptualized, operationalized, and studied among siblings of children with cancer. Gaps in the current literature are identified, and future research directions are proposed. METHODS A rigorous systematic scoping review framework guided our process. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for literature regarding social support and siblings of children with cancer. After screening, 57 articles were identified (n = 26 quantitative, n = 21 qualitative, and n = 10 multi-method) and their content extracted for summarization. RESULTS The majority of studies (n = 43, 75.4%) were descriptive; 14 (24.6%) included interventions, and of those, four were experimental. Few studies used a clearly defined theoretical framework, or validated tools to measure social support. Studies explored perceived social support needs of siblings, the provision and availability of formal support through interventions and related outcomes, and informal family social supports. A variety of support types were found to be helpful to siblings in different ways. CONCLUSIONS Social support is a prevalent topic in the literature regarding siblings of children with cancer. It is unclear what types of support are most important due to how it has been conceptualized and measured. Despite some methodological limitations, greater levels of social support have been linked to better adaptation among siblings of children with cancer. Future work is warranted to identify the most beneficial types of support for siblings based on their age, developmental stage, and the cancer trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Wawrzynski
- Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Pediatric Critical Care Services, College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Megan R Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nena Schvaneveldt
- Eccles Health Science Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Melissa A Alderfer
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System and Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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"I'm With my People!": Perceived Benefits of Participation in a Group Social Skills Intervention for Children and Adolescent Survivors of Brain Tumors. Cancer Nurs 2021; 44:197-204. [PMID: 32000176 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescent survivors of brain tumors may experience impairments in social competence. OBJECTIVE This qualitative randomized controlled substudy aimed to investigate the outcomes of a social skills intervention group by interviewing these children and adolescents and their caregivers following group participation. INTERVENTIONS/METHODS Children and adolescents were randomized to the Social Skills Intervention Program or the attention control group. Using purposive sampling, 12 patients (average age, 11.42 years) and 12 caregivers were interviewed following group participation. The Social Skills Intervention Program consists of eight 2-hour manualized sessions delivered weekly; each session was structured around a social skill (eg, making friends, bullying) through arts and crafts and cognitive-behavioral strategies. The sessions in the control group were structured around daily themes (eg, summer activities) doing arts and crafts. Interviews were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Themes unique to the intervention program included improved self-control and self-acceptance, reduced feelings of sadness, and improved problem solving. Themes common to both groups included group bonding over similar experiences, increased social confidence with peers and family, and reduced acting out. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovered additional unique intervention effects not captured by quantitative measures: improved self-control and problem solving and benefits of the group experience in general. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Findings support the need for group socialization opportunities for children with brain tumors. Nurses can promote socializing opportunities for children and adolescent survivors of brain tumors during and after medical treatment ends to prevent social competence deterioration.
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Arora SRA, Shama W, Lucchetta S, Markowitz S, Yohan A. The cancer journey through the lens of a sibling: a photovoice intervention for teen siblings of children with cancer. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2021; 60:430-447. [PMID: 34086540 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2021.1926397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photovoice was employed as a clinical intervention to engage siblings of children with cancer, provide opportunity for sibling support, and elicit information about their lived experiences. Sibling support groups have been effective, however, none have utilized this intervention. Four teenagers who had a sibling diagnosed with cancer participated in a seven-week intervention group. Themes were identified to inform future clinical practice. Four main themes included: (i) support, (ii) changes, (iii) feelings, and (iv) Photovoice group experience. Photovoice, used as a clinical intervention, elicited valuable information and generated fruitful conversations, enabling siblings to relate to and learn from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran R A Arora
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Shama
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Lucchetta
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawna Markowitz
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Yohan
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Guan T, Chapman MV, Qan'ir Y, Song L. Psychosocial interventions for siblings of children with cancer: A mixed methods systematic review. Psychooncology 2021; 30:818-831. [PMID: 33848391 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review systematically (1) describes the characteristics of psychosocial interventions for siblings of children with cancer (SCC); (2) assesses the effect of the psychosocial interventions on SCCs' outcomes, and (3) describes SCCs' experiences and perceptions of these interventions. METHODS Seven databases were systematically searched for relevant literature. We included both quantitative and qualitative studies of psychological interventions designed to improve the adjustment of SCCs. RESULTS Our database searches yielded 19 publications. We found a range of psychosocial interventions being used among SCCs, with group interventions being the most common. The primary outcomes focused on the SCCs' depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Quantitative studies provided insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the interventions' effects, whereas the qualitative studies indicated that SCCs can derive benefits from these interventions, including an enhanced sense of belonging and bonding, improved family relationships, increased self-awareness and confidence, increased cancer knowledge, and decreased somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Although a growing number of psychosocial interventions have been developed to improve the adjustment of SCCs, research evidence of the effects of these interventions on SCCs' adjustment remains limited. Future research needs to rigorously evaluate the effects of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guan
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mimi V Chapman
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yousef Qan'ir
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lixin Song
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Ullán AM, Belver MH. Visual Arts in Children's Hospitals: Scoping Review. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2021; 14:339-367. [PMID: 33779344 DOI: 10.1177/19375867211003494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to review scientific publications related to the use of visual arts in pediatric hospitals. BACKGROUND Visual arts, particularly painting, have historically played an important role in the design and atmosphere of healthcare spaces, especially hospitals. METHODS From 2000 to 2019, 79 publications located in relevant databases and manual searches were identified and analyzed. RESULTS Sixty of these publications include empirical studies and 19 theoretical models, comments, or reflections on the use of art in children's hospitals. Their analysis allows us to differentiate four groups of works: (a) "environmental" includes works whose purpose is to know how visual artistic interventions in the hospital can affect the people who see them, mainly pediatric patients, families, and health workers; (b) "participatory" includes studies aimed at knowing the effect of developing visual arts activities in the hospital; (c) "exploratory" includes works whose purpose was to know more about the children's perspective using their artistic expressions; and (d) "diagnostic" includes those that use children's drawings as a tool to diagnose diverse processes related to the pediatric patients' experience. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the works we analyzed in our study support the use of visual arts in hospitals as a resource to enhance the well-being of children and families and their experience in the hospital. We indicate two particularly relevant aspects in this sense: the importance of the visual arts in improving the symbolic quality of hospitalization settings and the communication processes that occur in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Ullán
- Department of Social Psychology, 16779University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel H Belver
- Department of Sculpture and Art Education, 16734Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Rodríguez-González AM, Rodríguez-Míguez E, Claveria A. Determinants of caregiving burden among informal caregivers of adult care recipients with chronic illness. J Clin Nurs 2021; 30:1335-1346. [PMID: 33528913 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study examined the predictors of caregiver burden based on patient and caregiver characteristics in a sample of Spanish caregivers looking after adult patients with chronic disease. The effect of task type and patient-caregiver interaction is also analysed. BACKGROUND Specific predictors of caregiver burden have been widely examined in the literature. Few studies, however, jointly analyse a wide range of factors, including the effect of task type and patient-caregiver interaction. DESIGN Correlational study. METHODS One hundred and thirty five informal caregivers for 148 care recipients were recruited from primary health care centres. The caregivers responded to the short version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), the DEPendency index-6 Dimensions (DEP-6D), and reported how long they spent on caregiving on a daily basis. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were also recorded. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with ZBI scores and the likelihood of being severely burdened, respectively. This research complies with STROBE guidelines for observational studies. RESULTS Severe burden was present in 62% of the caregivers. Regression analysis shows that burden severity increases significantly with the level of dependence when the latter is measured either by DEP-6D or by time spent on basic activities. Care related to incontinence and mobility has the greatest effect on burden, which is aggravated when the patient has behavioural problems. Poor caregiver health or not being retired also contributes to burden levels. CONCLUSIONS These results establish that caregiver burden is related to characteristics of both the caregiver and the care recipient as well as to their interaction. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The findings indicate that the socio-sanitary attention focused on reducing caregiver burden must address the caregiver and patient as a dyad. Identifying the dependence level and the patient's aggressive behaviour can be a good predictor of caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-María Rodríguez-González
- University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain.,Cantabrian Health Service, Primary Care, Puente San Miguel, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez-Míguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Applied Economics, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Group of Research in Empirical Economics (GRiEE, ECOBAS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana Claveria
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain.,Quality and Research Unit, EOXI Vigo, Galician Health Service, Vigo, Spain
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