1
|
Lee OYA, Wong ANN, Ho CY, Tse KW, Chan AZ, Leung GPH, Kwan YW, Yeung MHY. Potentials of Natural Antioxidants in Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:751. [PMID: 38929190 PMCID: PMC11201162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a substantial global public health challenge, with high morbidity and mortality. CKD patients often experience dyslipidaemia and poor glycaemic control, further exacerbating inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney. If left untreated, these metabolic symptoms can progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating long-term dialysis or kidney transplantation. Alleviating inflammation responses has become the standard approach in CKD management. Medications such as statins, metformin, and GLP-1 agonists, initially developed for treating metabolic dysregulation, demonstrate promising renal therapeutic benefits. The rising popularity of herbal remedies and supplements, perceived as natural antioxidants, has spurred investigations into their potential efficacy. Notably, lactoferrin, Boerhaavia diffusa, Amauroderma rugosum, and Ganoderma lucidum are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and may support kidney function preservation. However, the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of Western medications and herbal remedies in alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress occurring in renal dysfunction are not completely known. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CKD treatment strategies and renal function preservation and critically discusses the existing literature's limitations whilst offering insight into the potential antioxidant effects of these interventions. This could provide a useful guide for future clinical trials and facilitate the development of effective treatment strategies for kidney functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- On Ying Angela Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Alex Ngai Nick Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Ching Yan Ho
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Ka Wai Tse
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Angela Zaneta Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin Ho Yin Yeung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmad MF, Ahmad FA, Hasan N, Alsayegh AA, Hakami O, Bantun F, Tasneem S, Alamier WM, Babalghith AO, Aldairi AF, Kambal N, Elbendary EY. Ganoderma lucidum: Multifaceted mechanisms to combat diabetes through polysaccharides and triterpenoids: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131644. [PMID: 38642691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder. Diabetes complications can affect many organs and systems in the body. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) contains various compounds that have been studied for their potential antidiabetic effects, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids (ganoderic acids, ganoderol B), proteoglycans, and G. lucidum extracts. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) and triterpenoids have been shown to act through distinct mechanisms, such as improving glucose metabolism, modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) system, inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and protecting the pancreatic beta cells. While GLPs exhibit a significant role in controlling diabetic nephropathy and other associated complications. This review states the G. lucidum antidiabetic mechanisms of action and potential biologically active compounds that contribute to diabetes management and associated complications. To make G. lucidum an appropriate replacement for the treatment of diabetes with fewer side effects, more study is required to completely comprehend the number of physiologically active compounds present in it as well as the underlying cellular mechanisms that influence their effects on diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, School of Engineering and Science, G.D Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Nazim Hasan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Hakami
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Tasneem
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M Alamier
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Aldairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Kambal
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Y Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang H, Li X, Lin D, Wang L, Yang T, Yang B. Inhibition of intrarenal PRR-RAS pathway by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptides in proteinuric nephropathy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127336. [PMID: 37852403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Excessive proteinuria leads to renal dysfunction and damage. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GL-PP) and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide 2 (GL-PP2) are biologically active compounds extracted from Ganoderma lucidum. GL-PP has a relative molecular weight of 37,121 with 76.39 % polysaccharides and 16.35 % polypeptides, while GL-PP2 has a relative molecular weight of 31,130, composed of 64.14 % polysaccharides and 17.73 % polypeptides. The xylose: mannose: glucose monosaccharide ratios in GL-PP and GL-PP2 were 4.83:1:7.03 and 2.35:1:9.38, respectively. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of GL-PP and GL-PP2 on proteinuria-induced renal dysfunction and damage using rat and cell models. Both compounds reduced kidney injury, proteinuria, and inhibited the (pro)renin receptor (PRR)-renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathway, inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. GL-PP2 showed stronger inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase proteins compared to GL-PP. In cell models, both compounds displayed anti-inflammatory properties and improved cellular viability by inhibiting the PRR-RAS pathway. GL-PP2 has higher feasibility and productivity than GL-PP in pharmacology and industrial production. It shows promise in treating proteinuria-induced renal disease with superior anti-inflammatory effects and economic, safe industrial application prospects. Further research is needed to compare efficacy, mechanisms, clinical applications, and commercial feasibility of GL-PP and GL-PP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lianfu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu F, Chen H, Cao C, Liang Y, Zhou Y. The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their therapeutic applications in glomerulonephritis. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2845-2856. [PMID: 37060433 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important features of innate immunity is the presence of a special group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) called toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), resulting in a quick and effective immune response to them. Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the most important categories of renal disorders characterized by destructive responses of the immune system to the glomerulus. To date, the association of TLRs as important innate immune system members with GN has been one of the topics that attracted the attention of researchers in this field. However, the exact role of these receptors in the immunopathogenesis of GN has not yet been fully discussed. Therefore, this study aims to overview the role of TLRs in GN and the possibility of using them as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Liu
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanlin Liang
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoorzad P, Mousavinasab F, Tofigh P, Kalahroud EM, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Salehi A, Fattahi M, Le BN. Understanding the lncRNA/miRNA-NFκB regulatory network in Diabetes Mellitus: From function to clinical translation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110804. [PMID: 37369279 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its significant ramifications make out one of the primary reasons behind morbidity worldwide. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, are involved in regulating manifold biological processes, including diabetes initiation and progression. One of the established pathways attributed to DM development is NF-κB signaling. Neurons, β cells, adipocytes, and hepatocytes are among the metabolic tissues where NF-κB is known to produce a range of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. The direct or indirect role of ncRNAs such as lncRNAs and miRNAs on the NF-κB signaling pathway and DM development has been supported by many studies. As a result, effective diabetes treatment and preventive methods will benefit from a comprehensive examination of the interplay between NF-κB and ncRNAs. Herein, we provide a concise overview of the role of NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways in diabetes mellitus and its consequences. The reciprocal regulation of ncRNAs and the NF-κB signaling pathway in diabetes is then discussed, shedding light on the pathogenesis of the illness and its possible therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hoorzad
- Department of Molecular and cellular biology, Faculty of basic sciences and Advanced technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pouya Tofigh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salehi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculity of New Science and technology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Fattahi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
| | - Binh Nguyen Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu F, Teng Y, Li J, Yang S, Zhang Z, He Y, Yang H, Ding CF, Zhou P. Effects of a Ganoderma lucidum Proteoglycan on Type 2 Diabetic Rats and the Recovery of Rat Pancreatic Islets. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17304-17316. [PMID: 37214729 PMCID: PMC10193549 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from both insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. A natural proteoglycan extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, namely, FYGL, has been demonstrated to be capable of ameliorating insulin resistance in previous work. In this work, a T2D rat model induced by streptozocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet was used to investigate the effects of FYGL on pancreatic functions, and the transcriptomics of the rat pancreas was used to investigate the biological processes (BP) and signal pathways influenced by FYGL on the gene basis. Furthermore, the results of transcriptomics were verified both by histopathological analyses and protein expression. The studies showed that FYGL positively regulated T2D-related BP and signaling pathways and recovered the pancreatic function, therefore ameliorating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in vivo. Importantly, the recovery of the pancreatic function suggested a crucial strategy to radically treat T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhen Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yilong Teng
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shutong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Yanming He
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular
Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
TLR4/Inflammasomes Cross-Talk and Pyroptosis Contribute to N-Acetyl Cysteine and Chlorogenic Acid Protection against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030337. [PMID: 36986437 PMCID: PMC10055908 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (Cp) is an antineoplastic agent with a dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. Cp-induced nephrotoxicity is characterized by the interplay of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Toll-4 receptors (TLR4) and NLPR3 inflammasome are pattern-recognition receptors responsible for activating inflammatory responses and are assigned to play a significant role with gasdermin (GSDMD) in acute kidney injuries. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) have documented nephroprotective effects by suppressing oxidative and inflammatory pathways. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the contribution of the upregulation of TLR4/inflammasomes/gasdermin signaling to Cp-induced nephrotoxicity and their modulation by NAC or CGA. Methods: A single injection of Cp (7 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to Wistar rats. Rats received either NAC (250 mg/kg, p.o.) and/or CGA (20 mg/kg, p.o.) one week before and after the Cp injection. Results: Cp-induced acute nephrotoxicity was evident by the increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine and histopathological insults. Additionally, nephrotoxicity was associated with increased lipid peroxidation, reduced antioxidants, and elevated levels of inflammatory markers (NF-κB and TNF-α) in the kidney tissues. Moreover, Cp upregulated both TLR4/NLPR3/interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and caspase-1/GSDMD-signaling pathways, accompanied by an increased Bax/BCL-2 ratio, indicating an inflammatory-mediated apoptosis. Both NAC and/or CGA significantly corrected these changes. Conclusions: This study emphasizes that inhibition of TLR4/NLPR3/IL-1β/GSDMD might be a novel mechanism of the nephroprotective effects of NAC or CGA against Cp-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Collapse
|
8
|
MA Y, WANG Q. Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Lyophyllum decastes with MAPK-mediated immune regulation ability in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.003523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yisi MA
- Jilin Agricultural University, China; Changchun Second Middle School, China
| | - Qi WANG
- Jilin Agricultural University, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin D, Liu F, Yu M, Zhao Y, Yan G, Xue J, Sun Y, Zhao D, Li X, Qi W, Wang X. Jiedu Tongluo Baoshen formula enhances podocyte autophagy and reduces proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115246. [PMID: 35398500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A large number of animal trials each year focus on TCM for DKD, but the evidence for these preclinical studies is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to study the therapeutic effect of Jiedu Tongluo Baoshen formula (JTBF) on DKD proteinuria and renal protection. At the same time, it is verified that JTBF can reduce podocyte injury by enhancing autophagy function, and then achieve the effect of proteinuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS We use high performance liquid chromatography to detect and analyze the fingerprint of JTBF to find the chemical composition. Subsequently, we constructed a DKD rat model induced by high-fat diet and streptozocin (HFD + STZ). Urine and blood biochemical automatic analyzer were used to detect 24-h urine protein quantification (24 h-UP) and renal function. The renal pathological changes were observed by H&E and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the levels of autophagy-related proteins and mRNA in podocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and Western Blot. The chemical composition of JTBF was screened from traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacol (TCMSP) and PubChem databases, and the potential targets and associated pathways of JTBF were predicted using kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis in network pharmacology, and confirmed in animal experiments and histopathological methods. RESULTS We discovered 77 active ingredients of JTBF. Through animal experiments, it was found that JTBF reduced 24 h-UP and promoted the expression of podocin, nephrin, and WT-1 in podocytes, thereby reducing podocyte damage. At the same time, JTBF activates the expression of podocyte autophagy-related proteins (beclin-1, LC3 and P62). Subsequently, through network pharmacology predictions, 208 compounds were obtained from JTBF, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) was a potential signal pathway. JTBF was obtained in DKD rat kidney tissue to inhibit the expression of PI3K, Akt and mTOR related proteins. CONCLUSIONS JTBF enhance podocyte autophagy to reduce podocyte damage, thereby effectively treating DKD proteinuria and protecting kidney function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Jin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jinlin, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jinlin, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Endocrinology Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jinlin, China
| | - Guanchi Yan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jinlin, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jinlin, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiuge Wang
- Endocrinology Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yao X, Yuan Y, Jing T, Ye S, Wang S, Xia D. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide ameliorated diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction in rats by regulating fibrosis and the NOS/ERK/JNK pathway. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 11:982-995. [PMID: 35958898 PMCID: PMC9360518 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), with limited therapy at present. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) on DMED. Methods DMED was induced in the experimental rats [male 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats] by treatment with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and apomorphine (APO). Next, rats in the GLP low dose (GLP-L)/GLP high dose (GLP-H) groups were treated with GLP (100 or 400 mg/kg/d, respectively) for 8 weeks. Subsequently, erectile function was assessed by APO and electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve (CN). Serum or penile testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) contents were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of oxidative stress indicators in the corpus cavernosum (CC) were measured by corresponding kits, and histological changes in the CC were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Additionally, the apoptosis index, caspase-3, caspase-9, and eNOS expression, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were also detected. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot assays were conducted to determine the NOS, TGF-β1 mRNA expression, ERK1/2, eNOS, JNK phosphorylation, and arginase II protein expression. Results The erectile function test revealed that erectile dysfunction (ED) was alleviated in the DMED rats following treatment with GLP. Moreover, GLP upregulated the T and cGMP content, improved the oxidative stress and histological injuries of CC, and also inhibited the apoptosis and MMP loss of penile tissues in DMED rats. Furthermore, GLP treatment enhanced the mRNA expression of NOS and TGF-β1 and suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, eNOS, and JNK, as well as the protein expression of arginase II in DMED rats. Conclusions GLP ameliorated DMED by repairing the CC pathological damage and upregulating NOS expression and ERK/JNK phosphorylation, indicating that GLP may be a candidate drug for DMED therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufang Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taile Jing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunyi Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen J, Dai Z, Li Y, Zhu H, Zhao L. TLR9 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the NF-kB signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:26. [PMID: 35120573 PMCID: PMC8815223 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical sensors for the conservation of bacterial molecules and play a key role in host defense against pathogens. The effect of TLRs on the maintenance of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and resistance to infection has been investigated; however, the detailed effects of TLR9 on DN development remain elusive. METHODS We performed quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting to detect TLR9 expression levels in the kidneys of experimental mice (db/db) and high-glucose-treated mouse mesangial cell strains (MCs). RESULTS TLR9 expression was found to be remarkably upregulated in the kidneys of experimental mice (db/db) and MCs cultivated under hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, knockdown of TLR9 could restrain NF-kB viability and downregulate the NLRP3 inflammasome in high glucose-treated MCs. TLR9 inhibition also alleviated inflammation and apoptosis, which was reversed by the addition of the NF-κB activator, betulinic acid. Furthermore, depleted TLR9 levels restrained NF-κB viability and NLRP3 expression and reduced kidney inflammation, microalbuminuria discharge, blood sugar level, and glomerular damage in experimental mice (db/db) kidneys. Conclusions These findings offer novel insights into the regulation of TLR9 via the nuclear factor-kB/NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome inflammation pathways in DN progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, No. 333, Chuanan South Road, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zaiyou Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, No. 333, Chuanan South Road, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, No. 333, Chuanan South Road, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, No. 333, Chuanan South Road, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, No. 333, Chuanan South Road, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu F, Wang Y, Teng Y, Yang S, He Y, Zhang Z, Yang H, Ding CF, Zhou P. Interaction and Inhibition of a Ganoderma lucidum Proteoglycan on PTP1B Activity for Anti-diabetes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29804-29813. [PMID: 34778653 PMCID: PMC8582033 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key negative regulator of insulin and an effective target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A natural hyperbranched proteoglycan extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, namely, Fudan-Yueyang G. Lucidum (FYGL), was demonstrated capable of inhibiting the activity of PTP1B. Here, to identify the effective active components of FYGL, three different components, the polysaccharide FYGL-1, proteoglycans FYGL-2, and FYGL-3, were isolated from FYGL, and then, the protein moiety of FYGL-3 was further separated, namely, FYGL-3-P. Their abilities to enhance the glucose uptake in cells and inhibit the activity of PTP1B were compared. The inhibitory mechanisms were systematically explored by spectroscopic methods and MD simulations. The results showed that FYGL-3 and FYGL-3-P significantly enhanced the insulin-provoked glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, detected by the glucose oxidase method. Also, the FYGL-3-P protein moiety in FYGL played an essential role in inhibiting the activity of PTP1B. A strong, enthalpy-driven, and multitargeted interaction by electrostatic forces between PTP1B and FYGL-3-P dramatically inhibited the catalytic activity of PTP1B. These results provided deep insights into the molecular mechanisms of FYGL inhibiting the activity of PTP1B and structurally helped researchers seek natural PTP1B inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhen Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yilong Teng
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shutong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanming He
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular
Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science
and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- . Phone/Fax: (+86)021-31244038
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yan LJ. NADH/NAD + Redox Imbalance and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050730. [PMID: 34068842 PMCID: PMC8153586 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. If left untreated, DKD can advance to end stage renal disease that requires either dialysis or kidney replacement. While numerous mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of DKD, oxidative stress driven by NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction have been thought to be the major pathophysiological mechanism of DKD. In this review, the pathways that increase NADH generation and those that decrease NAD+ levels are overviewed. This is followed by discussion of the consequences of NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance including disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Approaches that can be applied to counteract DKD are then discussed, which include mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and mimetics of superoxide dismutase, caloric restriction, plant/herbal extracts or their isolated compounds. Finally, the review ends by pointing out that future studies are needed to dissect the role of each pathway involved in NADH-NAD+ metabolism so that novel strategies to restore NADH/NAD+ redox balance in the diabetic kidney could be designed to combat DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| |
Collapse
|