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Stepanenko V, Sato H, Kaprin A, Fujimoto N, Kushugulova A, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Bogacheva V, Petukhov A, Zhumadilov K, Ostroumova E, Yasuda H, Kawano N, Ohtaki M, Endo S, Sakaguchi A, Chulenbayeva L, Mukhanbetzhanov N, Hoshi M. Internal radiation dose estimates in organs of Wistar rats exposed to sprayed neutron-activated 31SiO2 microparticles: first results of international multicenter study. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2024:rrae063. [PMID: 39388726 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrae063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Neutron-activated 31Si is an almost pure beta emitter and is one of the short-lived radionuclides, including beta-gamma emitter 56Mn, which were created in a form of residual radioactivity in the early period after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The features of the biological effects of internal irradiation by these radionuclides are a subject of scientific discussions and research. The publication presents data on internal radiation doses in experimental Wistar rats that were exposed to sprayed neutron-activated microparticles of 31SiO2. Doses of internal radiation could be conditionally divided into three groups according to their values. It has been found that elevated values of internal radiation doses in rats' organs/tissues as a result of exposure to sprayed 31SiO2 microparticles with initial activity of 3.2 × 107 Bq varied from 10 to 120 mGy (eyes, lungs, skin, stomach, jejunum, large intestine). The moderate dose values were in the range from 1.9 to 3.7 mGy (trachea, esophagus, ileum). The smallest doses were received by the kidney, testis, blood, cerebellum, heart, liver, cerebrum, bladder, spleen and thymus (from 0.11 to 0.94 mGy). The obtained data are important for interpreting the results of ongoing and planned biological experiments with 31SiO2 microparticles-in comparison with the previously published data on features of biological effects caused by beta-gamma emitting 56MnO2 neutron-activated microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Stepanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Hitoshi Sato
- Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2 Ami, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0394, Japan
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4, Koroleva Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249036, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
- P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Drive 3, Moscow 125284, Russian Federation
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Almagul Kushugulova
- Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana City 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249036, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4, Koroleva Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Viktoria Bogacheva
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Kassym Zhumadilov
- International Department of Nuclear Physics, New Materials and Technology, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 13 Munaitpasova St., Astana City 010008, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Evgenia Ostroumova
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/WHO, 25 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69366, France
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kawano
- The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Higashisenda-machi 1-1-89, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Megu Ohtaki
- The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Higashisenda-machi 1-1-89, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Satoru Endo
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Aya Sakaguchi
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Laura Chulenbayeva
- Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana City 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | | | - Masaharu Hoshi
- The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Higashisenda-machi 1-1-89, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
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Abishev Z, Ruslanova B, Apbassova S, Chaizhunussova N, Shabdarbayeva D, Azimkhanov A, Zhumadilov K, Stepanenko V, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Hoshi M, Fujimoto N. Effects of Internal Exposure of Radioactive 56MnO2 Particles on the Lung in C57BL Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3208-3218. [PMID: 37185733 PMCID: PMC10137078 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the radiation effects of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has revealed concerns about the impact of the residual radioactive dust produced in the soil. Manganese-56 is one of the major radioisotopes produced by neutrons from the bomb; hence, we previously examined the biological effects of manganese dioxide-56 (56MnO2) in Wistar rats, in which significant changes were found in the lung. In the present study, ten-week-old male C57BL mice were exposed to three doses of radioactive 56MnO2, stable MnO2 particles, or external γ-rays (2 Gy) to further examine the effects of 56MnO2 in a different species. The estimated absorbed radiation doses from 56MnO2 were 26, 96, and 250 mGy in the lung. The animals were examined at 3, 14, and 70 days post exposure. Histologically, no exposure-related changes were found in the lungs of any group. However, pulmonary mRNA expression of aquaporin 1, which is a useful marker for lung pathophysiology, was significantly elevated at 14 and 70 days, although no such changes were found in the mice exposed to external γ-rays (2 Gy). These data indicated that the inhalation exposure to 56MnO2 particles, with <250 mGy of organ doses, produced significant biological responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaslan Abishev
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhyt Ruslanova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Saulesh Apbassova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Dariya Shabdarbayeva
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Almas Azimkhanov
- National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov 071100, Kazakhstan
| | - Kassym Zhumadilov
- Department of Nuclear Physics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Valeriy Stepanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Peter Shegay
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Masaharu Hoshi
- The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
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Hoshi M. The overview of neutron-induced 56Mn radioactive microparticle effects in experimental animals and related studies. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:i1-i7. [PMID: 35968985 PMCID: PMC9377033 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Investigation into the risks associated with radiation exposure has been carried out on those exposed to radiation in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Semipalatinsk and other parts of the world. These risks are used as a guidance standard for the protection for radiation workers and the general public when exposed to radiation, and it sets upper regulatory limits for the amount of radiation exposure. However, the effects of internal exposure to radioactive microparticles have not been considered in these studies. These effects cannot be ignored since the exposure dose increases are inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the vicinity of the particles and can exceed tens of thousands of mGy. So far, only retrospective studies of people who have been exposed to radiation have been conducted, therefore we hypothesized that animal experiments would be necessary to investigate these effects. As a result, we found specific effects of radioactive microparticles. One particularly noteworthy finding was that internal exposure to radioactive microparticles resulted in pathological changes that were more than 20 times greater than those caused by the same level of external exposure. In contrast, there were other results that showed no such effects, and the reasons for this discrepancy need to be clarified. We also conducted RNA expression experiments and found that there was a difference between external exposure to 60Co gamma rays and internal exposure to 56Mn microparticles. In the future, we will need to study the mechanisms behind these findings. If the mechanism can be confirmed, it is expected to lead to the development of protective and therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Hoshi
- Corresponding author. The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Higashisenda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan. E-mail: , , Fax: +81-82-284-6636
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Shichijo K, Takatsuji T. Pathological observation of the effects of exposure to radioactive microparticles on experimental animals. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:i26-i37. [PMID: 35968993 PMCID: PMC9377041 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Internal radiation exposure from neutron-induced radioisotopes that were environmentally activated following an atomic bombing or nuclear accident should be considered for a complete picture of the pathologic effects on survivors. Inhaled hot particles expose neighboring tissues to very high doses of particle beams, which can cause local tissue damage. Experimentally, a few μm of 55MnO2 powder was irradiated with neutrons at a nuclear reactor in order to generate 56MnO2 that emits β-rays. Rats were irradiated via inhalation. Pathological changes in various rat tissues were examined. In addition, the 56Mn β energy spectrum around the particles was calculated to determine the local dose rate and the cumulative dose. This review focuses on our latest pathological findings in lungs with internal radiation injury and discusses the pathological changes of early event damage caused by localized, very high-dose internal radiation exposure, including apoptosis, elastin stigma, emphysema, hemorrhage and severe inflammation. The pathological findings of lung tissue due to internal radiation exposure of 0.1 Gy were severe, with no pathological changes observed due to external exposure to γ radiation at a dose of 2.0 Gy. Therefore, it is suggested that new pathological analysis methods for internal exposure due to radioactive microparticles are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Shichijo
- Corresponding author. Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 112-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel.: +81-95-819-7107; Fax: +81-95-819-7108; E-mail:
| | - Toshihiro Takatsuji
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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