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Mairani A, Mein S, Blakely E, Debus J, Durante M, Ferrari A, Fuchs H, Georg D, Grosshans DR, Guan F, Haberer T, Harrabi S, Horst F, Inaniwa T, Karger CP, Mohan R, Paganetti H, Parodi K, Sala P, Schuy C, Tessonnier T, Titt U, Weber U. Roadmap: helium ion therapy. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [PMID: 35395649 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac65d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helium ion beam therapy for the treatment of cancer was one of several developed and studied particle treatments in the 1950s, leading to clinical trials beginning in 1975 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The trial shutdown was followed by decades of research and clinical silence on the topic while proton and carbon ion therapy made debuts at research facilities and academic hospitals worldwide. The lack of progression in understanding the principle facets of helium ion beam therapy in terms of physics, biological and clinical findings persists today, mainly attributable to its highly limited availability. Despite this major setback, there is an increasing focus on evaluating and establishing clinical and research programs using helium ion beams, with both therapy and imaging initiatives to supplement the clinical palette of radiotherapy in the treatment of aggressive disease and sensitive clinical cases. Moreover, due its intermediate physical and radio-biological properties between proton and carbon ion beams, helium ions may provide a streamlined economic steppingstone towards an era of widespread use of different particle species in light and heavy ion therapy. With respect to the clinical proton beams, helium ions exhibit superior physical properties such as reduced lateral scattering and range straggling with higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and dose-weighted linear energy transfer (LETd) ranging from ∼4 keVμm-1to ∼40 keVμm-1. In the frame of heavy ion therapy using carbon, oxygen or neon ions, where LETdincreases beyond 100 keVμm-1, helium ions exhibit similar physical attributes such as a sharp lateral penumbra, however, with reduced radio-biological uncertainties and without potentially spoiling dose distributions due to excess fragmentation of heavier ion beams, particularly for higher penetration depths. This roadmap presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art and future directions of helium ion therapy: understanding physics and improving modeling, understanding biology and improving modeling, imaging techniques using helium ions and refining and establishing clinical approaches and aims from learned experience with protons. These topics are organized and presented into three main sections, outlining current and future tasks in establishing clinical and research programs using helium ion beams-A. Physics B. Biological and C. Clinical Perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mairani
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Medical Physics, Pavia, Italy.,Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stewart Mein
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eleanor Blakely
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany.,Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ferrari
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Fuchs
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - David R Grosshans
- The University of Texas MD Anderson cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fada Guan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States of America
| | - Thomas Haberer
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Semi Harrabi
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Horst
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Taku Inaniwa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, QST, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Medical Physics Laboratory, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Christian P Karger
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Radhe Mohan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Katia Parodi
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Experimental Physics-Medical Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - Paola Sala
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Experimental Physics-Medical Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schuy
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Tessonnier
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Titt
- The University of Texas MD Anderson cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Weber
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Taghipour H, Taherparvar P. Development of modified microdosimetric kinetic model for relative biological effectiveness in proton therapy. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:375-390. [PMID: 35699753 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To predict the biological effects of ionising radiation, the quantity of biological dose is introduced instead of the physical absorbed dose. In proton therapy, a constant relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 is usually applied clinically as recommended by the International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements. This study presents a new model, based on the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (MMKM), for calculating variable RBE values based on experimental data on the induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) within cells. The MMKM was proposed based on experimental data for the yield of DSBs in mammalian cells, which allows modification of the yield of primary lesions in the MKM. In this approach, a unique function named f(LET), which describes the relation between RBE and linear energy transfer (LET), was considered for charged particles. In the presented model (DMMKM), the MMKM approach was developed further by considering different f(LET)s for different relevant ions involved in energy deposition events in proton therapy. Although experimental data represent the dependence of the yield of primary lesions on the ion species, the DSB yield (assumed as the main primary lesion) is assumed independent of the ion species in the MMKM. In the DMMKM, by considering the yield of primary lesions as a function of the ion species, the α and β values are in better agreement with the experimental data as compared to those of the MKM and MMKM approaches. The biological dose in the DMMKM is predicted to be lower than that in the MMKM. Further, in the proposed model, the variation of the β parameter is higher than the constant value assumed in the MKM, at the distal end of the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). Moreover, the level of cell death estimated by the MMKM at the SOBP region is higher than that obtained based on the DMMKM. It is concluded that considering modified f(LET)s in the model developed here is more consistent with experimental results than when MMKM and MKM approaches are considered. The DMMKM examines the biological effects with full detail and will, therefore, be effective in improving proton therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Taghipour
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Namjoo Avenue, P.O. Box 41635-1914, Rasht, 4193833697, Guilan, Iran
| | - Payvand Taherparvar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Namjoo Avenue, P.O. Box 41635-1914, Rasht, 4193833697, Guilan, Iran.
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Wakamori S, Taguchi K, Nakayama Y, Ohkoshi A, Sporn MB, Ogawa T, Katori Y, Yamamoto M. Nrf2 protects against radiation-induced oral mucositis via antioxidation and keratin layer thickening. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:206-220. [PMID: 35753588 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced oral mucositis is one of the most common adverse events in radiation therapy for head and neck cancers, but treatments for oral mucositis are limited to palliative and supportive care. New approaches are required to prevent radiation-induced mucositis and to improve treatments. The Keap1-Nrf2 system regulates cytoprotection against oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Nrf2 also regulates keratin layer thickness in mouse tongues. Therefore, we hypothesized that Nrf2 may protect the tongue epithelium against radiation-induced mucositis via elimination of reactive oxygen species and induction of keratin layer thickening. To test this hypothesis, we prepared a system for γ-ray exposure of restricted areas and irradiated the tongues of model mice with Nrf2 and Keap1 loss-of-function. We discovered that loss of Nrf2 expression indeed sensitized the tongue epithelium to radiation-induced ulcer formation with inflammation. Constitutive Nrf2 activation by genetic Keap1 knockdown alleviated radiation-induced DNA damage by increasing antioxidation. In agreement with the genetic Nrf2 activation model, the Nrf2 inducer CDDO-Im prevented irradiation damage to the tongue epithelium. These results demonstrate that Nrf2 activation has the potential to prevent the development of radiation-induced mucositis and that Nrf2 inducers are an important therapeutic drug for protection of the upper aerodigestive tract from radiation-induced mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wakamori
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-GEneration Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Ohkoshi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Michael B Sporn
- Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Takenori Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yukio Katori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-GEneration Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan.
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4
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Assessment of pathogenic microorganisms inactivation by electron beam irradiation and physico-chemical characteristics evaluation in sewage sludge. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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The Effect of Hypoxia on Relative Biological Effectiveness and Oxygen Enhancement Ratio for Cells Irradiated with Grenz Rays. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051262. [PMID: 35267573 PMCID: PMC8909589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Grenz-ray therapy (GT) is commonly used for dermatological radiotherapy and has a higher linear energy transfer, relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and oxygen enhancement ratio (OER). GT is a treatment option for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. This study aims to calculate the RBE for DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and cell survival under hypoxic conditions for GT. The yield of DSBs induced by GT is calculated at the aerobic and hypoxic conditions, using a Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) software. The RBE value for cell survival is calculated using the repair–misrepair–fixation (RMF) model. The RBE values for cell survival for cells irradiated by 15 kV, 10 kV and 10 kVp and titanium K-shell X-rays (4.55 kV) relative to 60Co γ-rays are 1.0–1.6 at the aerobic conditions and moderate hypoxia (2% O2), respectively, but increase to 1.2, 1.4 and 1.9 and 2.1 in conditions of severe hypoxia (0.1% O2). The OER values for DSB induction relative to 60Co γ-rays are about constant and ~2.4 for GT, but the OER for cell survival is 2.8–2.0 as photon energy decreases from 15 kV to 4.55 kV. The results indicate that GT results in more DSB induction and allows effective tumor control for superficial and hypoxic tumors.
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Hsiao YY, Chen FH, Chan CC, Tsai CC. Monte Carlo Simulation of Double-Strand Break Induction and Conversion after Ultrasoft X-rays Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111713. [PMID: 34769142 PMCID: PMC8583805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper estimates the yields of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ultrasoft X-rays and uses the DSB yields and the repair outcomes to evaluate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ultrasoft X-rays. We simulated the yields of DSB induction and predicted them in the presence and absence of oxygen, using a Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) software, to calculate the RBE. Monte Carlo excision repair (MCER) simulations were also performed to calculate the repair outcomes (correct repairs, mutations, and DSB conversions). Compared to 60Co γ-rays, the RBE values for ultrasoft X-rays (titanium K-shell, aluminum K-shell, copper L-shell, and carbon K-shell) for DSB induction were respectively 1.3, 1.9, 2.3, and 2.6 under aerobic conditions and 1.3, 2.1, 2.5, and 2.9 under a hypoxic condition (2% O2). The RBE values for enzymatic DSBs were 1.6, 2.1, 2.3, and 2.4, respectively, indicating that the enzymatic DSB yields are comparable to the yields of DSB induction. The synergistic effects of DSB induction and enzymatic DSB formation further facilitate cell killing and the advantage in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22851549-222 (C.-C.T.)
| | - Ching-Chih Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22851549-222 (C.-C.T.)
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Hirayama R, Ito A, Uzawa A, Matsumoto Y, Noguchi M, Li H, Suzuki M, Ando K, Okayasu R, Hasegawa S, Furusawa Y. Lethal DNA Lesions Caused by Direct and Indirect Actions of X rays are Repaired via Different DSB Repair Pathways under Aerobic and Anoxic Conditions. Radiat Res 2021; 195:441-451. [PMID: 33721021 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00235.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We examined lethal damages of X rays induced by direct and indirect actions, in terms of double-strand break (DSB) repair susceptibility using two kinds of repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. These CHO mutants (51D1 and xrs6) are genetically deficient in one of the two important DNA repair pathways after genotoxic injury [homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end binding (NHEJ) pathways, respectively]. The contribution of indirect action on cell killing can be estimated by applying the maximum level of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to get rid of OH radicals. To control the proportion of direct and indirect actions in lethal damage, we irradiated CHO mutant cells under aerobic and anoxic conditions. The contributions of indirect action on HR-defective 51D1 cells were 76% and 57% under aerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively. Interestingly, these percentages were similar to those of the wild-type cells even if the radiosensitivity was different. However, the contributions of indirect action to cell killing on NHEJ-defective xrs6 cells were 52% and 33% under aerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively. Cell killing by indirect action was significantly affected by the oxygen concentration and the DSB repair pathways but was not correlated with radiosensitivity. These results suggest that the lethal damage induced by direct action is mostly repaired by NHEJ repair pathway since killing of NHEJ-defective cells has significantly higher contribution by the direct action. In other words, the HR repair pathway may not effectively repair the DSB by direct action in place of the NHEJ repair pathway. We conclude that the type of DSB produced by direct action is different from that of DSB induced by indirect action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Hirayama
- Departments of a Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ito
- School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Uzawa
- Departments of a Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Miho Noguchi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Huizi Li
- Departments of a Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motofumi Suzuki
- Departments of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Laboratory for Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koichi Ando
- Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okayasu
- Departments of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Christian Academy in Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Hasegawa
- Departments of a Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Furusawa
- Departments of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Chan CC, Chen FH, Hsiao YY. Impact of Hypoxia on Relative Biological Effectiveness and Oxygen Enhancement Ratio for a 62-MeV Therapeutic Proton Beam. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2997. [PMID: 34203882 PMCID: PMC8232608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study uses the yields of double-strand breaks (DSBs) to determine the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton beams, using cell survival as a biological endpoint. DSB induction is determined when cells locate at different depths (6 positions) along the track of 62 MeV proton beams. The DNA damage yields are estimated using Monte Carlo Damage Simulation (MCDS) software. The repair outcomes are estimated using Monte Carlo excision repair (MCER) simulations. The RBE for cell survival at different oxygen concentrations is calculated using the repair-misrepair-fixation (RMF) model. Using 60Co γ-rays (linear energy transfer (LET) = 2.4 keV/μm) as the reference radiation, the RBE for DSB induction and enzymatic DSB under aerobic condition (21% O2) are in the range 1.0-1.5 and 1.0-1.6 along the track depth, respectively. In accord with RBE obtained from experimental data, RMF model-derived RBE values for cell survival are in the range of 1.0-3.0. The oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) for cell survival (10%) decreases from 3.0 to 2.5 as LET increases from 1.1 to 22.6 keV/μm. The RBE values for severe hypoxia (0.1% O2) are in the range of 1.1-4.4 as LET increases, indicating greater contributions of direct effects for protons. Compared with photon therapy, the overall effect of 62 MeV proton beams results in greater cell death and is further intensified under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital—Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Chan CC, Hsiao YY. The Effects of Dimethylsulfoxide and Oxygen on DNA Damage Induction and Repair Outcomes for Cells Irradiated by 62 MeV Proton and 3.31 MeV Helium Ions. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040286. [PMID: 33917956 PMCID: PMC8068342 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in radiation-induced indirect actions. In terms of DNA damage, double strand breaks (DSBs) have the greatest effects on the repair of DNA damage, cell survival and transformation. This study evaluated the biological effects of the presence of ROS and oxygen on DSB induction and mutation frequency. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of 62 MeV therapeutic proton beams and 3.31 MeV helium ions were calculated using Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) software. Monte Carlo excision repair (MCER) simulations were used to calculate the repair outcomes (mutation frequency). The RBE values of proton beams decreased to 0.75 in the presence of 0.4 M dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and then increases to 0.9 in the presence of 2 M DMSO while the RBE values of 3.31 MeV helium ions increased from 2.9 to 5.7 (0–2 M). The mutation frequency of proton beams also decreased from 0.008–0.065 to 0.004–0.034 per cell per Gy by the addition of 2 M DMSO, indicating that ROS affects both DSB induction and repair outcomes. These results show that the combined use of DMSO in normal tissues and an increased dose in tumor regions increases treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24730022 (ext. 12010)
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Shamsabadi R, Baghani HR, Azadegan B, Mowlavi AA. Impact of spherical applicator diameter on relative biologic effectiveness of low energy IORT X-rays: A hybrid Monte Carlo study. Phys Med 2020; 80:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Torrisi F, Vicario N, Spitale FM, Cammarata FP, Minafra L, Salvatorelli L, Russo G, Cuttone G, Valable S, Gulino R, Magro G, Parenti R. The Role of Hypoxia and SRC Tyrosine Kinase in Glioblastoma Invasiveness and Radioresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2860. [PMID: 33020459 PMCID: PMC7599682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in functional imaging are supporting neurosurgery and radiotherapy for glioblastoma, which still remains the most aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. The typical infiltration pattern of glioblastoma, which impedes a complete surgical resection, is coupled with a high rate of invasiveness and radioresistance, thus further limiting efficient therapy, leading to inevitable and fatal recurrences. Hypoxia is of crucial importance in gliomagenesis and, besides reducing radiotherapy efficacy, also induces cellular and molecular mediators that foster proliferation and invasion. In this review, we aimed at analyzing the biological mechanism of glioblastoma invasiveness and radioresistance in hypoxic niches of glioblastoma. We also discussed the link between hypoxia and radiation-induced radioresistance with activation of SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase, prospecting potential strategies to overcome the current limitation in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Federica M. Spitale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Francesco P. Cammarata
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Luigi Minafra
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Lucia Salvatorelli
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Cuttone
- National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Samuel Valable
- ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, CEA, CNRS, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14074 Caen, France;
| | - Rosario Gulino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
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12
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Luo WR, Chen FH, Huang RJ, Chen YP, Hsiao YY. Effects of indirect actions and oxygen on relative biological effectiveness: estimate of DSB inductions and conversions induced by therapeutic proton beams. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:187-196. [PMID: 31682784 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1688883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluated the DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) induced by indirect actions and its misrepairs to estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton beams.Materials and methods: From experimental data, DSB induction was evaluated in cells irradiated by 62 MeV proton beams in the presence of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and under hypoxic conditions. The DNA damage yields for calculating the RBE were estimated using Monte Carlo Damage Simulation (MCDS) software. The repair outcomes (correct repairs, mutations and DSB conversions) were estimated using Monte Carlo Excision Repair (MCER) simulations.Results: The values for RBE of 62 MeV protons (LET = 1.051 keV/μm) for DSB induction and enzymatic DSB under aerobic condition (21% O2) was 1.02 and 0.94, respectively, as comparing to 60Co γ-rays (LET = 2.4 keV/μm). DMSO mitigated the inference of indirect action and reduced DSB induction to a greater extent when damaged by protons rather than γ-rays, resulting in a decreased RBE of 0.86. DMSO also efficiently prevented enzymatic DSB yields triggered by proton irradiation and reduced the RBE to 0.83. However, hypoxia (2% O2) produced a similar level of DSB induction with respect to the protons and γ-rays, with a comparable RBE of 1.02.Conclusions: The RBE values of proton beams estimated from DSB induction and enzymatic DSB decreased by 16% and 12%, respectively, in the presence of DMSO. Our findings indicate that the overall effects of DSB induction and enzymatic DSB could intensify the tumor killing, while alleviate normal tissue damage when indirect actions are effectively interrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ren Luo
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taiwan.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jing Huang
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Manicipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Sun L, Igarashi T, Tetsuka R, Li YS, Kawasaki Y, Kawai K, Hirakawa H, Tsuboi K, Nakamura AJ, Moritake T. Pilot clinical study of ascorbic acid treatment in cardiac catheterization. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:573-578. [PMID: 31251351 PMCID: PMC6805981 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy sometimes induce tissue damage and/or increase the risk of cancer in patients. However, in radiodiagnosis, a reduction in the exposure dose causes a blockier image that is not acceptable for diagnosis. Approximately 70% of DNA damage is induced via reactive oxygen species and/or radicals created during X-ray irradiation. Therefore, treatment with anti-oxidants and/or radical scavengers is considered to be effective in achieving a good balance between image quality and damage. However, few studies have examined the effect of using radical scavengers to reduce radiation damage in the clinical setting. In this study, we administrated 20 mg/kg ascorbic acid (AA) to patients before cardiac catheterization (CC) for diagnostic purposes. We analyzed changes in the number of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) foci (a marker of DNA double-strand breaks) in lymphocytes, red blood cell glutathione levels, blood cell counts, and biochemical parameters. Unfortunately, we did not find satisfactory evidence to show that AA treatment reduces γH2AX foci formation immediately after CC. AA treatment did, however, cause a higher reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio than in the control arm immediately after CC. This is a preliminary study, but this result suggests that reducing radiation damage in clinical practice can be achieved using a biological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Igarashi
- Iwamoto Hospital, 1-2-8 Shimoishida, Kokuraminami-ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Occupational Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoya Tetsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yun-Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawasaki
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Hirakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Social Insurance Nogata Hospital, 1-1 Susakimachi, Nogata, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuboi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asako J Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Zhang A, Steen TY. Gut Microbiomics-A Solution to Unloose the Gordian Knot of Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. J Hered 2019; 109:212-221. [PMID: 29452420 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents have called forth a growing body of research on their biological aftermaths. A variety of wild organisms, including primates, birds, fish, insects, and worms are being studied in the affected areas, with emerging morphological, physiological, and genetic aberrations ascribed to ionizing radiation. Despite the effort in surveying Chernobyl and Fukushima wildlife, little is known about the microorganisms associated with these radiation-contaminated animals. The microbiota, especially the gut commensal, plays an important role in shaping the metabolic reservoir and immune system of the host, and is sensitive to a wide array of environmental factors, including ionizing radiation. Humans and limited numbers of laboratory species have been the main subjects of microbiome studies, however, a more practical insight on host-gut microbiota dynamics under environmental impact should be explored in natural habitats. In this analysis, we introduced a working model explaining possible mechanisms of ionizing radiation on the gut microbiota, with an evaluation of the gut microbiota as a potential biomarker for exposure to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY
| | - Tomoko Y Steen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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15
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Kopa P, Macieja A, Galita G, Witczak ZJ, Poplawski T. DNA Double Strand Breaks Repair Inhibitors: Relevance as Potential New Anticancer Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1483-1493. [PMID: 29446719 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks are considered one of the most lethal forms of DNA damage. Many effective anticancer therapeutic approaches used chemical and physical methods to generate DNA double-strand breaks in the cancer cells. They include: IR and drugs which mimetic its action, topoisomerase poisons, some alkylating agents or drugs which affected DNA replication process. On the other hand, cancer cells are mostly characterized by highly effective systems of DNA damage repair. There are two main DNA repair pathways used to fix double-strand breaks: NHEJ and HRR. Their activity leads to a decreased effect of chemotherapy. Targeting directly or indirectly the DNA double-strand breaks response by inhibitors seems to be an exciting option for anticancer therapy and is a part of novel trends that arise after the clinical success of PARP inhibitors. These trends will provide great opportunities for the development of DNA repair inhibitors as new potential anticancer drugs. The main objective of this article is to address these new promising advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kopa
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Anna Macieja
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Zbigniew J Witczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, United States
| | - Tomasz Poplawski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
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16
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DuRoss AN, Neufeld MJ, Rana S, Thomas CR, Sun C. Integrating nanomedicine into clinical radiotherapy regimens. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:35-56. [PMID: 31279729 PMCID: PMC6745263 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While the advancement of clinical radiotherapy was driven by technological innovations throughout the 20th century, continued improvement relies on rational combination therapies derived from biological insights. In this review, we highlight the importance of combination radiotherapy in the era of precision medicine. Specifically, we survey and summarize the areas of research where improved understanding in cancer biology will propel the field of radiotherapy forward by allowing integration of novel nanotechnology-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N DuRoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Megan J Neufeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Shushan Rana
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Charles R Thomas
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Conroy Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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17
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Jamsranjav E, Ito A, Kato Y, Tatebe Y, Takase N, Yoshida S. DNA Strand Breaks Induced by Fast and Thermal Neutrons from YAYOI Research Reactor in the Presence and Absence of Boric Acid. Radiat Res 2019; 191:483-489. [PMID: 30896279 DOI: 10.1667/rr15249.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that neutrons have more damaging effects, with high relative biological effectiveness or a radiation weighting factor depending on neutron energy, compared to low-LET ionizing radiations. In the current work, we evaluated the contribution of the indirect effect induced by radicals for the purpose of studying the mechanisms of fast neutron effects or mechanisms of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using relatively lower energy neutrons. Plasmid pBR322 DNA with a supercoiled structure was irradiated with fast neutrons (1-10 MeV) in the reactor core of the YAYOI research reactor at the University of Tokyo, and with thermalized neutrons passing through a phantom made of acrylic resin to simulate a human body. The single- and double-strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs) of the plasmid were evaluated from the numbers of its open circular and linear forms, respectively, detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. The number of supercoiled forms decreased exponentially with the absorbed dose of fast neutrons. The decrease was inhibited by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in a concentration-dependent manner. The contributions of the indirect effect to DNA strand breaks by fast neutrons and thermalized neutrons were calculated to be 50-65% which, while lower than the value for X rays, still accounts for the majority of the DNA strand breaks. In the case of thermalized neutrons, SSB and DSB yields were increased by the addition of boric acid. Moreover, an increased 10B isotope concentration was found to increase the DSB/SSB ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdenetogtokh Jamsranjav
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ito
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Kato
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yousuke Tatebe
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takase
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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18
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Ogawa Y, Sekine-Suzuki E, Ueno M, Nakanishi I, Matsumoto KI. Localized hydroxyl radical generation at mmol/L and mol/L levels in water by photon irradiation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63:97-101. [PMID: 30279619 PMCID: PMC6160720 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of localized hydroxyl radical (•OH) in aqueous samples by low linear energy transfer irradiation was investigated. Several concentrations of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid solution (from 0.5 to 1,680 mmol/L) were prepared and irradiated with an identical dose of X-ray or γ-ray. The density of •OH generation in aqueous solution was evaluated by the electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid as an electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping agent. The relationship between the molecular density of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid in the samples and the concentration of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid-OH generated in the irradiated samples was analyzed. Two different characteristic linear trends were observed in the 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid-OH/5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid plots, which suggested •OH generation in two fashions, i.e., mmol/L- and mol/L-level local concentrations. The dose, dose rate, and/or the energy of photon irradiation did not affect the shapes of the 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid-OH/5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid plots. Moreover, the addition of 5 mmol/L caffeine could cancel the contribution of mmol/L-level •OH generation, leaving a trace of mol/L-level •OH generation. Thus, the localized mmol/L- and mol/L-level generations of •OH, which were independent of experimental parameters such as dose, dose rate, and/or the energy of photon of low linear energy transfer radiation, were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Ogawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Emiko Sekine-Suzuki
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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