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Kholssi R, Lougraimzi H, Moreno-Garrido I. Influence of salinity and temperature on the growth, productivity, photosynthetic activity and intracellular ROS of two marine microalgae and cyanobacteria. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 186:105932. [PMID: 36863077 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Global Climate Change could change physical parameters in oceans, such as salinity and temperature. The impact of such changes in phytoplankton has not been well stated yet. In this study the effect of combination of three levels of temperature (20, 23, and 26 °C), and three levels of salinity (33, 36, and 39) on growth of a mixture co-cultivation of three common species from phytoplankton (one cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp., and two microalgae, Chaetoceros gracilis, and Rhodomonas baltica), is monitored by flow cytometry under controlled cultivation conditions in a 96 h study. Chlorophyll content, enzymes activities and oxidative stress were also measured. Results demonstrate that cultures of Synechococcus sp. Exhibited a high growth at the highest temperature chosen in this study (26 °C) combined with the three selected salinity levels 33, 36, and 39. Nevertheless, Chaetoceros gracilis grew very slowly with the combination of high temperature (39 °C) and all salinities, while Rhodomonas baltica did not grow at temperatures higher than 23 °C. Maximum dry biomass and ash-free dry weight for the microalgal mixture were reached at salinity of 39 and temperature of 20 °C, the but highest chlorophyll fluorescence values were found at 30 salinity and 20 °C, decreasing as salinity and temperature increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Kholssi
- Composting Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain; Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Hanane Lougraimzi
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP: 242, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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2
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Malambane G, Madumane K, Sewelo LT, Batlang U. Drought stress tolerance mechanisms and their potential common indicators to salinity, insights from the wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1074395. [PMID: 36815012 PMCID: PMC9939662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1074395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has escalated the effect of drought on crop production as it has negatively altered the environmental condition. Wild watermelon grows abundantly in the Kgalagadi desert even though the environment is characterized by minimal rainfall, high temperatures and intense sunshine during growing season. This area is also characterized by sandy soils with low water holding capacity, thus bringing about drought stress. Drought stress affects crop productivity through its effects on development and physiological functions as dictated by molecular responses. Not only one or two physiological process or genes are responsible for drought tolerance, but a combination of various factors do work together to aid crop tolerance mechanism. Various studies have shown that wild watermelon possess superior qualities that aid its survival in unfavorable conditions. These mechanisms include resilient root growth, timely stomatal closure, chlorophyll fluorescence quenching under water deficit as key physiological responses. At biochemical and molecular level, the crop responds through citrulline accumulation and expression of genes associated with drought tolerance in this species and other plants. Previous salinity stress studies involving other plants have identified citrulline accumulation and expression of some of these genes (chloroplast APX, Type-2 metallothionein), to be associated with tolerance. Emerging evidence indicates that the upstream of functional genes are the transcription factor that regulates drought and salinity stress responses as well as adaptation. In this review we discuss the drought tolerance mechanisms in watermelons and some of its common indicators to salinity at physiological, biochemical and molecular level.
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Noune F, Chaib N, Kaddeche H, Dzizi S, Metallaoui S, Blanco S. Effect of salinity on valves morphology in freshwater diatoms. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:159. [PMID: 36441291 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased salt concentration is one of the most widespread problems affecting freshwater worldwide. Aquatic communities, and in particular periphytic diatoms, react to this alteration in water quality by modifying their structural parameters and physiology at the individual level, which is commonly manifested by the appearance of teratological forms. The present work presents the results of an experimental laboratory study in which a biofilm grown on artificial substrates was subjected to a gradient of water conductivities for 4 weeks. The results show an increase in the number of deformed valves over time proportionally to the increase in conductivity for each experimental treatment. These effects are also verified by analyzing the concentration of chlorophyll-a in the experimental biofilms, which demonstrate a metabolic response to the induced osmotic stress. No changes were recorded; however, in species richness or diversity of taxa present in the treatments. Our results, therefore, confirm at the experimental level numerous previous field observations about the harmful effect of salinity on periphytic diatoms, and also their ability to reintegrate with the new stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faïza Noune
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria.
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur La Physico-Chimie des Surfaces Et Interfaces (LRPCSI), University of 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria.
| | - Nadjla Chaib
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Bioprocesses and Environment - LCBE, University of 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Hadjer Kaddeche
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur La Physico-Chimie des Surfaces Et Interfaces (LRPCSI), University of 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Sabrina Dzizi
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur La Physico-Chimie des Surfaces Et Interfaces (LRPCSI), University of 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Sophia Metallaoui
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Recherche des Interactions, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes et Biotechnologie (LRIBEB), University of 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Saùl Blanco
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
- Laboratorio de Diatomología, La Serna 58, 24007, León, Spain
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Nosratimovafagh A, Fereidouni AE, Krujatz F. Modeling and Optimizing the Effect of Light Color, Sodium Chloride and Glucose Concentration on Biomass Production and the Quality of Arthrospira platensis Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030371. [PMID: 35330122 PMCID: PMC8953219 DOI: 10.3390/life12030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) biomass is a valuable source of sustainable proteins, and the basis for new food and feed products. State-of-the-art production of Spirulina biomass in open pond systems only allows limited control of essential process parameters, such as light color, salinity control, or mixotrophic growth, due to the high risk of contaminations. Closed photobioreactors offer a highly controllable system to optimize all process parameters affecting Spirulina biomass production (quantity) and biomass composition (quality). However, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of light color, salinity effects, and mixotrophic growth modes of Spirulina biomass production has not been performed yet. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to develop statistical models, and define optimal mixotrophic process conditions yielding maximum quantitative biomass productivity and high-quality biomass composition related to cellular protein and phycocyanin content. The individual and interaction effects of 0, 5, 15, and 30 g/L of sodium chloride (S), and 0, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 g/L of glucose (G) in three costume-made LED panels (L) where the dominant color was white (W), red (R), and yellow (Y) were investigated in a full factorial design. Spirulina was cultivated in 200 mL cell culture flasks in different treatments, and data were collected at the end of the log growth phase. The lack-of-fit test showed that the cubic model was the most suitable to predict the biomass concentration and protein content, and the two-factor interaction (2FI) was preferred to predict the cellular phycocyanin content (p > 0.05). The reduced models were produced by excluding insignificant terms (p > 0.05). The experimental validation of the RSM optimization showed that the highest biomass concentration (1.09, 1.08, and 0.85 g/L), with improved phycocyanin content of 82.27, 59.47, 107 mg/g, and protein content of 46.18, 39.76, 53.16%, was obtained under the process parameter configuration WL4.28S2.5G, RL10.63S1.33G, and YL1.00S0.88G, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nosratimovafagh
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari P.O. Box 578, Iran;
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili Fereidouni
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari P.O. Box 578, Iran;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-1133822565
| | - Felix Krujatz
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- biotopa gGmbH—Center for Applied Aquaculture & Bioeconomy, Bautzner Landstraße 45, 01454 Radeberg, Germany
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Vendrell-Puigmitja L, Llenas L, Proia L, Ponsa S, Espinosa C, Morin S, Abril M. Effects of an hypersaline effluent from an abandoned potash mine on freshwater biofilm and diatom communities. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105707. [PMID: 33302174 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potash abandoned mines cause severe environmental damage to their bordering environment, with significant impacts on freshwater ecosystems mostly through uncontrolled discharge of hypersaline effluents. This study aimed to evaluate the ecological impact caused by a hypersaline effluent from an abandoned potash mine (Menteroda, Germany) on freshwater biofilms and, specifically, on diatom communities. Biofilm from a pristine stream was exposed under controlled conditions in microcosms to a mining effluent (ME), and its structural (algal biomass, community composition, diatom metrics) and functional (photosynthetic activity, nutrient uptake) responses were evaluated over time and compared with unexposed biofilms used as control. Biofilm exposed to ME showed drastic functional responses after one day of exposure, with a significant decrease in photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient uptake, that were recovered over time. Biofilm exposed to ME showed a progressive increase in diatom metrics (abundance, density and growth rate) over time, compared to the control. However, a significant decrease in diatom species diversity, richness and cell size was also observed in biofilm exposed to ME. This study revealed that the ME affected the biofilm causing short-term functional responses, which were recovered simultaneously with a drastic diatom community structure shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Vendrell-Puigmitja
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, C. de la Laura 13, 08500, Vic, Spain.
| | - Laia Llenas
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, C. de la Laura 13, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Proia
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, C. de la Laura 13, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Sergio Ponsa
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, C. de la Laura 13, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinosa
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, C. de la Laura 13, 08500, Vic, Spain; CERM, Center for the Study of Mediterranean Rivers, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Manlleu, Spain
| | - Soizic Morin
- UR EABX, INRAE, Centre Nouvelle-Aquitaine Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - Meritxell Abril
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, C. de la Laura 13, 08500, Vic, Spain
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González-Vega RI, Cárdenas-López JL, López-Elías JA, Ruiz-Cruz S, Reyes-Díaz A, Perez-Perez LM, Cinco-Moroyoqui FJ, Robles-Zepeda RE, Borboa-Flores J, Del-Toro-Sánchez CL. Optimization of growing conditions for pigments production from microalga Navicula incerta using response surface methodology and its antioxidant capacity. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1401-1416. [PMID: 33613070 PMCID: PMC7878836 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Navicula incerta is a marine microalga distributed in Baja California, México, commonly used in aquaculture nutrition, and has been extended to human food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries due to its high biological activity. Therefore, the study aimed to optimize culture conditions to produce antioxidant pigments. A central composite experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the best culture conditions. The medium (nitrogen-deficient concentrations), salinity (PSU = Practical Salinity Unity [g/kg]), age of culture (days), and solvent extraction (ethanol, methanol, and acetone) were the factors used for the experiment. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and total carotenoids (T-Car), determined spectroscopically, were used as the response variables. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical inhibition, FRAP, and anti-hemolytic activity. According to the overlay plots, the optimum growth conditions for Chl a and T-Car production were the following conditions: medium = 0.44 mol·L-1 of NaNO3, salinity = 40 PSU, age of culture: 3.5 days, and solvent = methanol. The pigment extracts obtained in these optimized conditions had high antioxidant activity in ABTS•+ (86.2-92.1% of inhibition) and anti-hemolytic activity (81.8-96.7% of hemolysis inhibition). Low inhibition (33-35%) was observed in DPPH•. The highest value of FRAP (766.03 ± 16.62 μmol TE/g) was observed in the acetonic extract. The results demonstrated that RSM could obtain an extract with high antioxidant capacity with potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industry, which encourages the use of natural resources for chemoprevention of chronic-degenerative pathologies.
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Key Words
- AAPH, (2,2′-azobis-[2-methylpropionamidine])
- ABTS, 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin)-6-sulfonic acid
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists
- AOX, antioxidant
- Antioxidant capacity
- CCD, central composite design
- CICECE, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada
- CL, crude lipid
- CP, crude protein
- Chemoprevention
- Chl a, chlorophyll a
- DOE, design of experiment
- DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- HAT, hydrogen atom transfer
- IC50, Concentration mean inhibitory
- Navicula incerta
- Optimization
- PSU, salinity expressed as practical salinity unity (g/kg)
- Pigment production
- RBC, red blood cells
- RSM, response surface methodology
- Response surface methodology
- SET, single electron transfer
- T-Car, total carotenoids
- TE, trolox equivalent
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luis Cárdenas-López
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales SN, Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - José Antonio López-Elías
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales SN, Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Saúl Ruiz-Cruz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, Centro, 85000 Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Aline Reyes-Díaz
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales SN, Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jesús Borboa-Flores
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales SN, Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Krishnamoorthy S, Manickam P, Muthukaruppan V. Evaluation of distillery wastewater treatability in a customized photobioreactor using blue-green microalgae - Laboratory and outdoor study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 234:412-423. [PMID: 30640166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatability of anaerobically digested distillery wastewater is challenging because of its high pollution load of COD up to 40,000 ppm. This research investigates the possibilities of retrofitting the effluent treatment plant (ETP) of a distillery with microalgae treatment step. For this, at first the photobioreactors of capacity 50 L and 500 L were customized for the cultivation of Spirulina sp. under xenon lamp and sunlight. The reactor supported the maximum specific growth rate up to 0.42 ± 0.03 d-1 in the 50 L reactor at laboratory and 0.10 ± 0.02 d-1 in the 500 L reactor at the outdoor for Spirulina sp. The treatability of wastewater of COD 30,000 ppm-40,000 ppm was carried out in those reactors with the Spirulina sp. of culture volume fraction 0.8 and 0.93 under xenon lamp and sunlight respectively. The chemical oxygen demand and total dissolved solids reduction were 60-70% in both the volume fractions of the culture. Ion chromatography analysis indicated the reduction of major inorganic pollutants in the wastewater by the Spirulina sp. The algae were sustainable when the culture volume fraction was increased from 0.8 to 0.93. Thus, the phycoremediation was shown the significant pollution reduction in the wastewater. The addition of this step is valuable and it benefits the distillery by not only improving the quality of wastewater but also through the generation of algae biomass that would be appropriate for animal feed or biofuel application. However, the detail biochemical study is needed for the best use of algae biomass and the treatment could be checked for the long run sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaran Krishnamoorthy
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, Dept. of Energy & Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 015, India.
| | - Premalatha Manickam
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, Dept. of Energy & Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 015, India
| | - Vijayasekaran Muthukaruppan
- Research & Development, Trichy Distilleries & Chemicals Ltd., Senthaneerpuram, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 004, India
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Zhang H, Li X, Zhang S, Yin Z, Zhu W, Li J, Meng L, Zhong H, Xu N, Wu Y, Sun GY. Rootstock Alleviates Salt Stress in Grafted Mulberry Seedlings: Physiological and PSII Function Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1806. [PMID: 30619391 PMCID: PMC6297837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of NaCl stress on Na+ and K+ absorption and transport by roots, nitrogen and phosphorus content in leaves, PSII photochemical activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves of mulberry own-root seedlings and grafted seedlings. To determine the response, own-root seedlings of a high yielding mulberry cultivar, Tieba mulberry (Morus alba L.), and the grafted seedlings, obtained by using Qinglong mulberry with high salt tolerance as rootstock and Tieba mulberry as scion, were used. The Na+ content in roots and leaves of grafted seedlings was significantly lower than that in own-root seedlings under salt stress; while K+ content in roots and leaves of grafted seedlings was significantly higher than that in own-root seedlings. The root activity in grafted seedlings was significantly higher than that in own-root seedlings, as well as the content of nitrogen, phosphorous and water. PSII photochemical activity in leaves of grafted seedlings was less significantly affected by salt stress compared to own-root seedlings. The electron transport at the acceptor side of PSII from Q A to Q B was less affected by salt stress, which resulted in a significantly lower ROS content in leaves of grafted seedlings than that of own-root seedlings. Therefore, grafting high-yielding and good-quality Tieba mulberry with salt tolerant Qinglong mulberry as rootstock showed a relatively high salt tolerance. This may be because (1) the root system of rootstock presented high Na+ resistance and has selective absorption capacity for Na+ and K+ (2) the root system of rootstock prevented excess Na+ from being transported to aerial parts in order to reduce adverse effects of Na+ (3) the root system of rootstock had enhanced root activity under salt stress, which accelerated water and nutrient absorption (4) the leaves of grafted seedlings had higher PSII photochemical activity and electron transport rate compared with those of own-root seedlings under salt stress, which effectively reduced ROS burst mediated by photosynthesis and reduced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shubo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zepeng Yin
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenxu Zhu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Hubei Wel-Safe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Haixui Zhong
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yining Wu
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guang yu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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9
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Nan X, Huihui Z, Haixiu Z, Yining W, Jinbo L, Li X, Zepeng Y, Wenxu Z, Yi Q, Guangyu S. The Response of Photosynthetic Functions of F 1 Cutting Seedlings From Physocarpus amurensis Maxim (♀) × Physocarpus opulifolius "Diabolo" (♂) and the Parental Seedlings to Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:714. [PMID: 29915607 PMCID: PMC5994425 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper selected clonal cutting seedlings from the F1 hybrid varieties of Physocarpus amurensis Maxim (♀) × P. opulifolius "Diabolo" (♂) as research material to study the response of the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of P. amurensis hybrids and their parental leaves to NaCl stress (with concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mmol⋅L-1). The results showed that under salt stress, the stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the three kinds of P. amurensis all significantly decreased. When the NaCl concentration was below 100 mmol⋅L-1, the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of leaves of the three samples declined with the increase of salt concentration; however, when the concentration increased to 200 mmol⋅L-1, Ci did not decrease significantly, especially when the Ci of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" presented a slight increase. This indicated that the decline of photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity induced by salt stress was the consequence of interaction between stomatal factors and non-stomatal factors, and the stomatal factors played an important role when the salt concentration was below 200 mmol⋅L-1. Compared with P. amurensis, the photosynthetic gas exchange capability of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves was more sensitive to salt stress, and the limitation of non-stomatal factors was relatively evident. However, the photosynthetic capacity of hybrid P. amurensis leaves with the desired purple color was improved compared with P. amurensis. Under salt stress, the PSII activity of the three kinds of P. amurensis leaves declined, the electron transfer was inhibited, and obvious signs of photoinhibition were present. The PSII activity of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves was more sensitive to salt stress than that in P. amurensis. Under salt stress, the NPQ of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves decreased greatly, while under high salt concentrations the degree of photoinhibition in P. amurensis and hybrid P. amurensis were reduced due to a relatively high NPQ. With the increase of salt concentration, the Vk of P. amurensis and hybrid P. amurensis leaves presented a decreasing trend. However, the Vk of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves increased slightly. This suggested that the effects of salt stress on the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of the three P. amurensis sample types were relatively limited and only the OEC of P.s opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves were slightly sensitive to salt stress. The VJ of all leaves from the three P. amurensis types increased under salt stress, and the VJ increased significantly when the salt concentration increased to 200 mmol⋅L-1, indicating that salt stress obviously impeded the electron transfer chain from QA to QB on the PSII receptor side. Moreover, high salt concentrations caused thylakoid membrane dissociation. The electron transfer and degree of damage to the thylakoid membrane of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves were obviously higher than that of P. amurensis. However, the electron transfer capacity on the PSII receptor side as well as the degree of damage of the thylakoid membrane of hybrid P. amurensis leaves was obviously lower than those of P. opulifolius "Diabolo." The salt tolerance of photosynthetic functions of hybrid P. amurensis (♀) × P. opulifolius "Diabolo" (♂) leaves was improved compared with that of parental P. opulifolius "Diabolo," and the hybrid shows obvious hybrid vigor for photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Nan
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhang Huihui
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong Haixiu
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wu Yining
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Jinbo
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yin Zepeng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhu Wenxu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qu Yi
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Sun Guangyu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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10
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Agostoni M, Logan-Jackson AR, Heinz ER, Severin GB, Bruger EL, Waters CM, Montgomery BL. Homeostasis of Second Messenger Cyclic-di-AMP Is Critical for Cyanobacterial Fitness and Acclimation to Abiotic Stress. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1121. [PMID: 29896182 PMCID: PMC5986932 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Second messengers are intracellular molecules regulated by external stimuli known as first messengers that are used for rapid organismal responses to dynamic environmental changes. Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a relatively newly discovered second messenger implicated in cell wall homeostasis in many pathogenic bacteria. C-di-AMP is synthesized from ATP by diadenylyl cyclases (DAC) and degraded by specific c-di-AMP phosphodiesterases (PDE). C-di-AMP DACs and PDEs are present in all sequenced cyanobacteria, suggesting roles for c-di-AMP in the physiology and/or development of these organisms. Despite conservation of these genes across numerous cyanobacteria, the functional roles of c-di-AMP in cyanobacteria have not been well-investigated. In a unique feature of cyanobacteria, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the broadly conserved DAC, related to CdaA/DacA, is always co-associated in an operon with genes critical for controlling cell wall synthesis. To investigate phenotypes regulated by c-di-AMP in cyanobacteria, we overexpressed native DAC (sll0505) and c-di-AMP PDE (slr0104) genes in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis) to increase and decrease intracellular c-di-AMP levels, respectively. DAC- and PDE-overexpression strains, showed abnormal aggregation phenotypes, suggesting functional roles for regulating c-di-AMP homeostasis in vivo. As c-di-AMP may be implicated in osmotic responses in cyanobacteria, we tested whether sorbitol and NaCl stresses impacted expression of sll0505 and slr0104 or intracellular c-di-AMP levels in Synechocystis. Additionally, to determine the range of cyanobacteria in which c-di-AMP may function, we assessed c-di-AMP levels in two unicellular cyanobacteria, i.e., Synechocystis and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, and two filamentous cyanobacteria, i.e., Fremyella diplosiphon and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. C-di-AMP levels responded differently to abiotic stress signals in distinct cyanobacteria strains, whereas salt stress uniformly impacted another second messenger cyclic di-GMP in cyanobacteria. Together, these results suggest regulation of c-di-AMP homeostasis in cyanobacteria and implicate a role for the second messenger in maintaining cellular fitness in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Agostoni
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alshaé R Logan-Jackson
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Emily R Heinz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Geoffrey B Severin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Eric L Bruger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Christopher M Waters
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Beronda L Montgomery
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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11
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Yao CH, Ai JN, Cao XP, Xue S. Salinity manipulation as an effective method for enhanced starch production in the marine microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:663-671. [PMID: 23982063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal starch is considered a promising feedstock for bioethanol production. The biomass and starch accumulation in the marine microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis were characterized under different salinities in response to nitrogen repletion (+N) or depletion (-N) at high irradiance (HI) or low irradiance (LI). Under favorable nutritional conditions (HI+N), biomass accumulation was seldom affected under 20% normal salinity, though starch accumulation were somewhat reduced. Increased salinity impaired overall biomass and starch accumulation, though it led to a temporary starch accumulation at initial cultivation phase. Under nitrogen deprivation, decreased salinity strengthened biomass and starch accumulation regardless of irradiance. The highest starch content of 58.2% dry weight and starch productivity of 0.62 g L(-1) d(-1) were obtained under HI-N with 20% normal salinity. Decreased salinity combined with -N generated moderate stress to facilitate starch accumulation. Salinity manipulation can be effectively applied for enhanced starch production in marine microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Yao
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Ai
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xu-Peng Cao
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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12
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New Medium for Pharmaceutical Grade Arthrospira. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 2013; 2013:203432. [PMID: 26904724 PMCID: PMC4745477 DOI: 10.1155/2013/203432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to produce a pharmaceutical grade single cell product of Arthrospira from a mixed culture. We have designed a medium derived from a combination between George's and Zarrouk's media. Our new medium has the ability to inhibit different forms of cyanobacterium and microalgae except the Chlorella. The medium and the cultivation conditions have been investigated to map the points where only Arthrospira could survive. For that, a mixed culture of pure Chlorella and Arthrospira (~90 : 10) has been used to develop the best medium composition that can lead to the enrichment of the Arthrospira growth and the inhibition of the Chlorella growth. To enable better control and to study its growth, an 80 l photobioreactor has been used. We have used high saline (2xA-St) medium which has been followed by in fermentor reducing its concentration to 1.5x. The investigation proves that Chlorella has completely disappeared. A method and a new saline medium have been established using a photobioreactor for in fermentor production of single cell Arthrospira. Such method enables the production of pure pharmaceutical grade Arthrospira for medicinal and pharmaceutical applications or as a single cell protein.
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13
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Assessment of salinity-induced photorespiratory glycolate metabolism in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:911-917. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.045682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports an investigation of salinity-induced glycolate metabolism in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (hereafter Anabaena PCC 7120). Quantitative analysis of transcripts for the photosynthesis-associated genes encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco), phosphoribulokinase and transketolase, as well as those involved in glycolate metabolism (phosphoglycolate phosphatase, glycolate oxidase, alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase) was performed. The expression of all investigated photosynthesis-associated genes except Rubisco was downregulated after 24 h NaCl treatment. However, under the same conditions, the transcripts encoding enzymes involved in glycolate metabolism were overexpressed. This was further confirmed by the quantitative analysis of the intermediates involved in glycolate metabolism. The intracellular levels of organic acids (glyceric, glycolic and glyoxylic acids) and amino acids (glycine and serine) were elevated in salt-treated cells as compared to those in the control cells. Transcriptional inhibition of photosynthesis-associated genes, and upregulation of genes and enhanced synthesis of intermediates associated with glycolate metabolism, indicate the occurrence of this photorespiratory metabolic pathway metabolism in Anabaena PCC 7120 under salt stress.
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14
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Bartolomé MC, D'ors A, Sánchez-Fortún S. Toxic effects induced by salt stress on selected freshwater prokaryotic and eukaryotic microalgal species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2009; 18:174-179. [PMID: 18855137 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-008-0269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the short-term impact induced by salt stress, cultures of Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides and Microcystis aeruginosa were grown in presence of increasing sea-salt concentrations. Growth rate and photosystem II activity in D. chlorelloides, and photosynthetic oxygen production (in both species) were analyzed. A concentration-dependent response was obtained with the presence of sea-salt in culture medium, being M. aeruginosa (EC(50(72)) = 76.6 mM) more sensitive to salt stress than D. chlorelloides (EC(50(72)) = 340.7 mM). However, comparative analysis between growth and Phi(PSII) inhibition in D. chlorelloides shown that there are not significant differences among EC(50(72)) values obtained. An immediate toxic response, induced by increase of sea-salt concentration, has been obtained applying the calculated EC(50(72)) values in both species. These results shown that sea-salt acts as a sensitive and rapid toxic compound in algal cells, and that the sensitivity of M. aeruginosa to salinity stress is much higher than that of D. chlorelloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bartolomé
- Facultad de Quimicofarmacología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
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Huang C, He W, Guo J, Chang X, Su P, Zhang L. Increased sensitivity to salt stress in an ascorbate-deficient Arabidopsis mutant. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2005; 56:3041-9. [PMID: 16263910 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eri301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana ascorbate-deficient vtc-1 mutant has only 30% ascorbate contents of the wild type (WT). This ascorbate-deficient mutant was used here to study the physiological roles of ascorbate under salt stress in vivo. Salt stress resulted in a more significant decrease in CO2 assimilatory capacity in the vtc-1 mutant than in the WT. Photosystem II function in the Arabidopsis vtc-1 mutant also showed an increased sensitivity to salt stress. Oxidative stress, indicated by the hydrogen peroxide content, increased more dramatically in the vtc-1 mutant than in the WT under salt stress. To clarify the reason for the increased oxidative stress in the vtc-1 mutant, the contents of small antioxidant compounds and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were measured. Despite an elevated glutathione pool in the vtc-1 mutant, the ascorbate contents and the reduced form of ascorbate decreased very rapidly under salt stress. These results showed that the activities of MDAR and DHAR were lower in the vtc-1 mutant than in the WT under salt stress. Thus, low intrinsic ascorbate and an impaired ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the vtc-1 mutant under salt stress probably induced a dramatic decrease in the reduced form of ascorbate, which resulted in both enhanced ROS contents and decreased NPQ in the vtc-1 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Huang
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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16
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EL-Sheekh MM. Inhibition of the water splitting system by sodium chloride stress in the green alga Chlorella vulgari. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202004000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of sodium chloride on the photosynthetic electron transport chain was investigated in the freshwater green alga Chlorella vulgaris. It was found that the rate of oxygen evolution under steady state and flash light conditions diminished by increasing salt concentrations. Salt treatment of cells also decreased the fluorescence and delayed luminescence yields. However, the fluorescence yield was almost completely restored by the addition of an artificial electron donor to the NaCl-treated cells. The oscillation pattern of the thermoluminescence B band as a function of flash number indicated that the S2<FONT FACE=Symbol>®</FONT>S3 transition of the water splitting system is inhibited by NaCl treatment.
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