1
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Shen E, Zhao T, Zhu QH. Are miRNAs applicable for balancing crop growth and defense trade-off? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1670-1680. [PMID: 38952260 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Securing agricultural supplies for the increasing population without negative impacts on environment demands new crop varieties with higher yields, better quality, and stronger stress resilience. But breeding such super crop varieties is restrained by growth-defense (G-D) trade-off. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are versatile regulators of plant growth and immune responses, with several being demonstrated to simultaneously regulate crop growth and defense against biotic stresses and to balance G-D trade-off. Increasing evidence also links miRNAs to the metabolism and signaling of phytohormones, another type of master regulator of plant growth and defense. Here, we synthesize the reported functions of miRNAs in crop growth, development, and responses to bio-stressors, summarize the regulatory scenarios of miRNAs based on their relationship with target(s), and discuss how miRNAs, particularly those involved in crosstalk with phytohormones, can be applied in balancing G-D trade-off in crops. We also propose several open questions to be addressed for adopting miRNAs in balancing crop G-D trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianlun Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Hainan, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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2
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Li Q, Wang Y, Sun Z, Li H, Liu H. The Biosynthesis Process of Small RNA and Its Pivotal Roles in Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7680. [PMID: 39062923 PMCID: PMC11276867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of plant biology, small RNAs (sRNAs) are imperative in the orchestration of gene expression, playing pivotal roles across a spectrum of developmental sequences and responses to environmental stressors. The biosynthetic cascade of sRNAs is characterized by an elaborate network of enzymatic pathways that meticulously process double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) precursors into sRNA molecules, typically 20 to 30 nucleotides in length. These sRNAs, chiefly microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are integral in guiding the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to selectively target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for post-transcriptional modulation. This regulation is achieved either through the targeted cleavage or the suppression of translational efficiency of the mRNAs. In plant development, sRNAs are integral to the modulation of key pathways that govern growth patterns, organ differentiation, and developmental timing. The biogenesis of sRNA itself is a fine-tuned process, beginning with transcription and proceeding through a series of processing steps involving Dicer-like enzymes and RNA-binding proteins. Recent advances in the field have illuminated the complex processes underlying the generation and function of small RNAs (sRNAs), including the identification of new sRNA categories and the clarification of their involvement in the intercommunication among diverse regulatory pathways. This review endeavors to evaluate the contemporary comprehension of sRNA biosynthesis and to underscore the pivotal role these molecules play in directing the intricate performance of plant developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haiyang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.S.)
| | - Huan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.S.)
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3
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Ji C, Song F, He C, An J, Huang S, Yu H, Lu H, Xiao S, Bucher M, Pan Z. Integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis reveals candidate miRNA family regulating arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of Poncirus trifoliata. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1805-1821. [PMID: 36760042 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Over 70% land plants live in mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and maintenance of symbiosis requires transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. The former has been widely studied, whereas the latter mediated by symbiotic microRNAs (miRNAs) remains obscure, especially in woody plants. Here, we performed high-throughput sequencing of the perennial woody citrus plant Poncirus trifoliata and identified 3750 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 42 miRNAs (DEmiRs) upon AM fungal colonization. By analyzing cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of the DEGs, we predicted 329 key AM transcription factors (TFs). A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was then constructed by integrating these data. Several candidate miRNA families of P. trifoliata were identified whose members target known symbiotic genes, such as miR167h-AMT2;3 and miR156e-EXO70I, or key TFs, such as miR164d-NAC and miR477a-GRAS, thus are involved in AM symbiotic processes of fungal colonization, arbuscule development, nutrient exchange and phytohormone signaling. Finally, analysis of selected miRNA family revealed that a miR159b conserved in mycorrhizal plant species and a Poncirus-specific miR477a regulate AM symbiosis. The role of miR477a was likely to target GRAS family gene RAD1 in citrus plants. Our results not only revealed that miRNA-mRNA network analysis, especially miRNA-TF analysis, is effective in identifying miRNA family regulating AM symbiosis, but also shed light on miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of AM symbiosis in woody citrus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanya Ji
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Song
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianyong An
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shengyu Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Lu
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Lu Z, Yang Z, Tian Z, Gui Q, Dong R, Chen C. Genome-wide analysis and identification of microRNAs in Medicago truncatula under aluminum stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1137764. [PMID: 36778703 PMCID: PMC9911878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1137764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that plant microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in plant growth and development, as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses; however, the role of miRNA in legumes under aluminum (Al) stress have rarely been reported. Therefore, here, we aimed to investigate the role of miRNAs in and their mechanism of Al tolerance in legumes. To this end, we sequenced a 12-strand-specific library of Medicago truncatula under Al stress. A total of 195.80 M clean reads were obtained, and 876 miRNAs were identified, of which, 673 were known miRNAs and 203 were unknown. A total of 55 miRNAs and their corresponding 2,502 target genes were differentially expressed at various time points during Al stress. Further analysis revealed that mtr-miR156g-3p was the only miRNA that was significantly upregulated at all time points under Al stress and could directly regulate the expression of genes associated with root cell growth. Three miRNAs, novel_miR_135, novel_miR_182, and novel_miR_36, simultaneously regulated the expression of four Al-tolerant transcription factors, GRAS, MYB, WRKY, and bHLH, at an early stage of Al stress, indicating a response to Al stress. In addition, legume-specific miR2119 and miR5213 were involved in the tolerance mechanism to Al stress by regulating F-box proteins that have protective effects against stress. Our results contribute to an improved understanding of the role of miRNAs in Al stress in legumes and provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanisms of Al stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Lu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, Guizhou Technological College of Machinery and Electricity, Duyun, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qihui Gui
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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5
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Valmas MI, Sexauer M, Markmann K, Tsikou D. Plants Recruit Peptides and Micro RNAs to Regulate Nutrient Acquisition from Soil and Symbiosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:187. [PMID: 36616316 PMCID: PMC9824779 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants engage in symbiotic relationships with soil microorganisms to overcome nutrient limitations in their environment. Among the best studied endosymbiotic interactions in plants are those with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and N-fixing bacteria called rhizobia. The mechanisms regulating plant nutrient homeostasis and acquisition involve small mobile molecules such as peptides and micro RNAs (miRNAs). A large number of CLE (CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED) and CEP (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE) peptide hormones as well as certain miRNAs have been reported to differentially respond to the availability of essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Interestingly, a partially overlapping pool of these molecules is involved in plant responses to root colonization by rhizobia and AM fungi, as well as mineral nutrition. The crosstalk between root endosymbiosis and nutrient availability has been subject of intense investigations, and new insights in locally or systemically mobile molecules in nutrient- as well as symbiosis-related signaling continue to arise. Focusing on the key roles of peptides and miRNAs, we review the mechanisms that shape plant responses to nutrient limitation and regulate the establishment of symbiotic associations with beneficial soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios I. Valmas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Moritz Sexauer
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Markmann
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Tsikou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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6
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Noureddine Y, Mejias J, da Rocha M, Thomine S, Quentin M, Abad P, Favery B, Jaubert-Possamai S. Copper microRNAs modulate the formation of giant feeding cells induced by the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:283-295. [PMID: 35801827 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are root endoparasites that induce the dedifferentiation of a few root cells and the reprogramming of their gene expression to generate giant hypermetabolic feeding cells. We identified two microRNA families, miR408 and miR398, as upregulated in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum roots infected by RKNs. In plants, the expression of these two conserved microRNA families is known to be activated by the SPL7 transcription factor in response to copper starvation. By combining functional approaches, we deciphered the network involving these microRNAs, their regulator and their targets. MIR408 expression was located within nematode-induced feeding cells like its regulator SPL7 and was regulated by copper. Moreover, infection assays with mir408 and spl7 knockout mutants or lines expressing targets rendered resistant to cleavage by miR398 demonstrated the essential role of the SPL7/MIR408/MIR398 module in the formation of giant feeding cells. Our findings reveal how perturbation of plant copper homeostasis, via the SPL7/MIR408/MIR398 module, modulates the development of nematode-induced feeding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Noureddine
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Joffrey Mejias
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Martine da Rocha
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR9198 CNRS/CEA/Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michaël Quentin
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Pierre Abad
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
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7
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Zhang W. One to rule both: shared histone deacetylases regulate Medicago root and nodule development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1364-1366. [PMID: 34624112 PMCID: PMC8260132 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 1712 Claflin Road, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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8
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Chand Jha U, Nayyar H, Mantri N, Siddique KHM. Non-Coding RNAs in Legumes: Their Emerging Roles in Regulating Biotic/Abiotic Stress Responses and Plant Growth and Development. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071674. [PMID: 34359842 PMCID: PMC8306516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interference RNAs (siRNAs), circular RNA (circRNA), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), control gene expression at the transcription, post-transcription, and translation levels. Apart from protein-coding genes, accumulating evidence supports ncRNAs playing a critical role in shaping plant growth and development and biotic and abiotic stress responses in various species, including legume crops. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins, modulating their target genes. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling these cellular processes are not well understood. Here, we discuss the features of various ncRNAs, including their emerging role in contributing to biotic/abiotic stress response and plant growth and development, in addition to the molecular mechanisms involved, focusing on legume crops. Unravelling the underlying molecular mechanisms and functional implications of ncRNAs will enhance our understanding of the coordinated regulation of plant defences against various biotic and abiotic stresses and for key growth and development processes to better design various legume crops for global food security.
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MESH Headings
- Fabaceae/genetics
- Fabaceae/growth & development
- Fabaceae/metabolism
- Food Security
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/classification
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA, Circular/classification
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/classification
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/classification
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/classification
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Species Specificity
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Chand Jha
- ICAR—Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, India
- Correspondence: (U.C.J.); (K.H.M.S.)
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia
- Correspondence: (U.C.J.); (K.H.M.S.)
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Tiwari M, Pandey V, Singh B, Bhatia S. Dynamics of miRNA mediated regulation of legume symbiosis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1279-1291. [PMID: 33347631 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume nodules is important in soils with low nitrogen availability. The initiation and sustainability of symbiosis require cellular reprogramming that involves the miRNA-mediated inhibition or activation of specific nodulation genes. The high-throughput sequencing of small RNA libraries has identified miRNAs and their targets, which are the major players in the post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGS) of the different stages of legume-rhizobia symbiosis ranging from bacterial colonization and organogenesis to symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Here, we present an overview of information obtained from the miRNA libraries from nodulating tissues that have been sequenced to date. The functional analysis of miRNAs has revealed roles in phytohormone homeostasis and spatio-temporal regulation, as well as the mobility of miRNAs and their functions in shoot to root signalling that affects diverse functions, including bacterial entry, meristem division and differentiation, nitrogen fixation and senescence. Furthermore, small RNA fragments of rhizobial origin repress complementary plant mRNAs. We also consider the roles of miRNAs in determinate or indeterminate nodules. Taken together, this overview confirms that miRNAs are master regulators of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Tiwari
- Legume Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vimal Pandey
- Legume Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Baljinder Singh
- Legume Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabhyata Bhatia
- Legume Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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10
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Piya S, Lopes-Caitar VS, Kim W, Pantalone V, Krishnan HB, Hewezi T. Title: Hypermethylation of miRNA Genes During Nodule Development. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:616623. [PMID: 33928115 PMCID: PMC8076613 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.616623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation has recently emerged as a powerful regulatory mechanism controlling the expression of key regulators of various developmental processes, including nodulation. However, the functional role of DNA methylation in regulating the expression of microRNA (miRNA) genes during the formation and development of nitrogen-fixing nodules remains largely unknown. In this study, we profiled DNA methylation patterns of miRNA genes during nodule formation, development, and early senescence stages in soybean (Glycine max) through the analysis of methylC-seq data. Absolute DNA methylation levels in the CG, CHH, and CHH sequence contexts over the promoter and primary transcript regions of miRNA genes were significantly higher in the nodules compared with the corresponding root tissues at these three distinct nodule developmental stages. We identified a total of 82 differentially methylated miRNAs in the nodules compared with roots. Differential DNA methylation of these 82 miRNAs was detected only in the promoter (69), primary transcript region (3), and both in the promoter and primary transcript regions (10). The large majority of these differentially methylated miRNAs were hypermethylated in nodules compared with the corresponding root tissues and were found mainly in the CHH context and showed stage-specific methylation patterns. Differentially methylated regions in the promoters of 25 miRNAs overlapped with transposable elements, a finding that may explain the vulnerability of miRNAs to DNA methylation changes during nodule development. Gene expression analysis of a set of promoter-differentially methylated miRNAs pointed to a negative association between DNA methylation and miRNA expression. Gene Ontology and pathways analyses indicate that changes in DNA methylation of miRNA genes are reprogrammed and contribute to nodule development through indirect regulation of genes involved in cellular processes and pathways with well-established roles in nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | | | - Won‐Seok Kim
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Vince Pantalone
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Hari B. Krishnan
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Plant Genetics Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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11
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Peck S, Mittler R. Plant signaling in biotic and abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1649-1651. [PMID: 32163587 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Peck
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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