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Zhang X, Shan J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yang F, Liu B, Zhang L, Li G, Wang R. Comprehensive Proteome and Acetylome Analysis of Needle Senescence in Larix gmelinii. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6824. [PMID: 38999933 PMCID: PMC11241215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is essential for the growth and development of deciduous trees in the next season. Larix gmelinii, a deciduous coniferous tree, exhibits its most distinctive feature by turning yellow in the autumn and eventually shedding its leaves, resulting in significant changes in its appearance during the fall. Lysine acetylation plays an important role in diverse cellular processes; however, limited knowledge is available regarding acetylations in the needle senescence of L. gmelinii. In this study, the proteomics and acetylated modification omics of two phenotypic leaves, yellow and green (senescent and non-senescent) needles, were analyzed before autumn defoliation. In total, 5022 proteins and 4469 unique acetylation sites in 2414 lysine acylated proteins were identified, and this resulted in the discovery of 1335 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 605 differentially expressed acetylated proteins (DAPs) in yellow versus green needles. There are significant differences between the proteome and acetylome; only 269 proteins were found to be DEP and DAP, of which 136 proteins were consistently expressed in both the DEP and DAP, 91 proteins were upregulated, and 45 proteins were down-regulated. The DEPs participate in the metabolism of starch and sucrose, while the DAPs are involved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Among them, DEPs underwent significant changes in glycolysis and citric acid cycling. Most of the enzymes involved in glycolysis and the citrate cycle were acetylated. DAPs were down-regulated in glycolysis and up-regulated in the citrate cycle. In all, the results of this study reveal the important role of lysine acetylation in the senescence of L. gmelinii needles and provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanism of leaf senescence and tree seasonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jinyuan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jiaxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Feiyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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Guarino F, Cicatelli A, Nissim WG, Colzi I, Gonnelli C, Basso MF, Vergata C, Contaldi F, Martinelli F, Castiglione S. Epigenetic changes induced by chronic and acute chromium stress treatments in Arabidopsis thaliana identified by the MSAP-Seq. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142642. [PMID: 38908441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an highly toxic metal to plants and causes severe damage to their growth, development, and reproduction. Plant exposure to chronic and acute Cr stress treatments results in significant changes at short time in the gene expression profile and at long time in the genomic DNA methylation profile at a transgenerational level and, consequently, in gene expression. These epigenetic modifications and their implications imposed by the Cr stress are not yet completely known in plants. Herein, were identified the epigenetic changes induced by chronic and acute Cr stress treatments in Arabidopsis thaliana plants using Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism coupled with next-generation sequencing (MSAP-Seq). First-generation Arabidopsis plants (termed F0 plants) kept under hoagland solution were subjected to Cr stress treatments. For chronic Cr stress, plants were treated through hoagland solution with 2.5 μM Cr during the entire cultivation period until seed harvest. Meanwhile, for acute Cr stress, plants were treated with 5 μM Cr during the first three weeks and returned to unstressful control condition until seed harvest. Seeds from F0 plants were sown and F1 plants were re-submitted to the same Cr stress treatments. The seed germination rate was evaluated from F-2 seeds harvested of F1 plants kept under different Cr stress treatments (0, 10, 20, and 40 μM) compared to the unstressful control condition. These data showed significant changes in the germination rate of F-2 seeds originating from stressed F1 plants compared to F-2 seeds harvested from unstressful control plants. Given this data, F1 plants kept under these chronic and acute Cr stress treatments and unstressful control condition were evaluated for the transgenerational epigenetic modifications using MSAP-Seq. The MSAP-Seq data showed that several genes were modified in their methylation status as a consequence of chronic and acute Cr stress treatment to maintain plant defenses activated. In particular, RNA processing, protein translation, photorespiration, energy production, transmembrane transport, DNA transcription, plant development, and plant resilience were the major biological processes modulated by epigenetic mechanisms identified in F1 plants kept under chronic and acute Cr stress. Therefore, collective data suggested that Arabidopsis plants kept under Cr stress regulate their epigenetic status over generations based on DNA methylation to modulate defense and resilience mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Guarino
- Department of Chemical and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salermo, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Department of Chemical and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salermo, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcos Fernando Basso
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Vergata
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Contaldi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Department of Chemical and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salermo, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Niu L, Wang W, Li Y, Wu X, Wang W. Maize multi-omics reveal leaf water status controlling of differential transcriptomes, proteomes and hormones as mechanisms of age-dependent osmotic stress response in leaves. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:19. [PMID: 38498254 PMCID: PMC10948690 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Drought-induced osmotic stress severely affects the growth and yield of maize. However, the mechanisms underlying the different responses of young and old maize leaves to osmotic stress remain unclear. To gain a systematic understanding of age-related stress responses, we compared osmotic-stress-induced changes in maize leaves of different ages using multi-omics approaches. After short-term osmotic stress, old leaves suffered more severe water deficits than young leaves. The adjustments of transcriptomes, proteomes, and hormones in response to osmotic stress were more dynamic in old leaves. Metabolic activities, stress signaling pathways, and hormones (especially abscisic acid) responded to osmotic stress in an age-dependent manner. We identified multiple functional clusters of genes and proteins with potential roles in stress adaptation. Old leaves significantly accumulated stress proteins such as dehydrin, aquaporin, and chaperones to cope with osmotic stress, accompanied by senescence-like cellular events, whereas young leaves exhibited an effective water conservation strategy mainly by hydrolyzing transitory starch and increasing proline production. The stress responses of individual leaves are primarily determined by their intracellular water status, resulting in differential transcriptomes, proteomes, and hormones. This study extends our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wenkang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Gechev T, Kazakov P, Ivanova A, Ivanova T, Mircheva M, Kolev V, Ganeva D, Tabakova-Komsalova V, Ruseva M, Kantardjieva E, Kazashka VS. Establishment and development of the Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2024; 3:140. [PMID: 38846177 PMCID: PMC11153986 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.16514.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The Bulgarian research landscape, presented mainly by the research institutes that are part of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Agricultural Academy, needs diversification to match the research and innovation potential of the other European Union (EU) countries. This article describes the establishment of the Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), a new innovative type of independent research organization that is changing the research landscape in Bulgaria. Supported by the EU Commission, Bulgarian Government, and Plovdiv Municipality, CPSBB has quickly become the leading plant science institute in Bulgaria, creating knowledge in diverse fields such as bioinformatics, biotechnology, genetics and genomics, metabolomics, and systems biology. We outline the organizational structure of CPSBB, the development of its infrastructure, and its scientific productivity. Finally, we compare CPSBB with other similar research establishments in Europe and we conclude that such new types of institutes have a bright future in Bulgaria due to their operational flexibility, productivity, and connections with academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
- University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Kazakov
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
| | - Asia Ivanova
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetomira Ivanova
- University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
- Academy of Music, Dance, and Fine Arts, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Marina Mircheva
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Kolev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
- Academy of Music, Dance, and Fine Arts, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Ganeva
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv, 4004, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Vesela S. Kazashka
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
- Academy of Music, Dance, and Fine Arts, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
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5
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Kozeko L, Kordyum E. Spatiotemporal expression patterns of cytosolic AtHSP90-2 in Arabidopsis seedlings. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2202977. [PMID: 37071581 PMCID: PMC10114973 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2202977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein AtHSP90-2 is one of the three constitutive cytosolic HSP90s of Arabidopsis thaliana, which are highly homologous and show mild expression activation in response to stressful impacts. To characterize the functioning of AtHSP90-2, we have analyzed tissue-specificity of its expression during seedling development using a DsG transgenic line carrying a loss-of-function mutation of AtHSP90-2 via translational fusions with the β-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS). Histochemical analysis during the first two weeks of seedling growth revealed AtHSP90-2 expression in all organs, as well as differences in its intensity between tissues and showed its dynamics. The tissue-specific AtHSP90-2-GUS expression pattern was shown to be maintained under heat shock and water deficit. The most prominent GUS staining was detected in the vascular system and hydathodes of cotyledons, and stipules. The basipetal gradient of AtHSP90-2 expression during leaf formation, its dynamics in developing stipules, and the high level of its expression in cells with active transport function suggest a special role for the gene in certain cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmyla Kozeko
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- CONTACT Liudmyla Kozeko Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska str. 2, Kyiv01601, Ukraine
| | - Elizabeth Kordyum
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Vandionant S, Hendrix S, Alfano R, Plusquin M, Cuypers A. Comparing cadmium-induced effects on the regulation of the DNA damage response and cell cycle progression between entire rosettes and individual leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108105. [PMID: 37883918 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) activates the DNA damage response (DDR) and inhibits the cell cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana through the transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1. The aim of this study was to investigate which individual leaf best reflects the Cd-induced effects on the regulation of the DDR and cell cycle progression in rosettes, enabling a more profound interpretation of the rosette data since detailed information, provided by the individual leaf responses, is lost when studying the whole rosette. Wild-type A. thaliana plants were cultivated in hydroponics and exposed to different Cd concentrations. Studied individual leaves were leaf 1 and 2, which emerged before Cd exposure, and leaf 3, which emerged upon Cd exposure. The DDR and cell cycle regulation were studied in rosettes as well as individual leaves after several days of Cd exposure. Varying concentration-dependent response patterns were observed between the entire rosette and individual leaves. Gene expression of selected DDR and cell cycle regulators showed higher similarity in their response between the rosette and the individual leaf emerged during Cd exposure than between both individual leaves. The same pattern was observed for plant growth and cell cycle-related parameters. We conclude that Cd-induced effects on the regulation of the DDR and cell cycle progression in the leaf that emerged during Cd exposure, resemble those observed in the rosette the most, which contributes to the interpretation of the rosette data in the framework of plant development and after exposure to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Vandionant
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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7
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Caldana C, Carrari F, Fernie AR, Sampathkumar A. How metabolism and development are intertwined in space and time. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:347-359. [PMID: 37433681 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Developmental transitions, occurring throughout the life cycle of plants, require precise regulation of metabolic processes to generate the energy and resources necessary for the committed growth processes. In parallel, the establishment of new cells, tissues, and even organs, alongside their differentiation provoke profound changes in metabolism. It is increasingly being recognized that there is a certain degree of feedback regulation between the components and products of metabolic pathways and developmental regulators. The generation of large-scale metabolomics datasets during developmental transitions, in combination with molecular genetic approaches has helped to further our knowledge on the functional importance of metabolic regulation of development. In this perspective article, we provide insights into studies that elucidate interactions between metabolism and development at the temporal and spatial scales. We additionally discuss how this influences cell growth-related processes. We also highlight how metabolic intermediates function as signaling molecules to direct plant development in response to changing internal and external conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Caldana
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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8
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Dinish US, Teng MTJ, Xinhui VT, Dev K, Tan JJ, Koh SS, Urano D, Olivo M. Miniaturized Vis-NIR handheld spectrometer for non-invasive pigment quantification in agritech applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9524. [PMID: 37308523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced precision agriculture requires the objective measurement of the structural and functional properties of plants. Biochemical profiles in leaves can differ depending on plant growing conditions. By quantitatively detecting these changes, farm production processes can be optimized to achieve high-yield, high-quality, and nutrient dense agricultural products. To enable the rapid and non-destructive detection on site, this study demonstrates the development of a new custom-designed portable handheld Vis-NIR spectrometer that collects leaf reflectance spectra, wirelessly transfers the spectral data through Bluetooth, and provides both raw spectral data and processed information. The spectrometer has two preprogramed methods: anthocyanin and chlorophyll quantification. Anthocyanin content of red and green lettuce estimated with the new spectrometer showed an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.84 with those determined by a destructive gold standard biochemical method. The differences in chlorophyll content were measured using leaf senescence as a case study. Chlorophyll Index calculated with the handheld spectrometer gradually decreased with leaf age as chlorophyll degrades during the process of senescence. The estimated chlorophyll values were highly correlated with those obtained from a commercial fluorescence-based chlorophyll meter with a correlation coefficient of 0.77. The developed portable handheld Vis-NIR spectrometer could be a simple, cost-effective, and easy to operate tool that can be used to non-invasively monitor plant pigment and nutrient content efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Mark Teo Ju Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Valerie Teo Xinhui
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Kapil Dev
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Javier Jingheng Tan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sally Shuxian Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
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9
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Hu L, Qi P, Peper A, Kong F, Yao Y, Yang L. Distinct function of SPL genes in age-related resistance in Arabidopsis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011218. [PMID: 36947557 PMCID: PMC10069772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, age-related resistance (ARR) refers to a gain of disease resistance during shoot or organ maturation. ARR associated with vegetative phase change, a transition from juvenile to adult stage, is a widespread agronomic trait affecting resistance against multiple pathogens. How innate immunity in a plant is differentially regulated during successive stages of shoot maturation is unclear. In this work, we found that Arabidopsis thaliana showed ARR against its bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 during vegetative phase change. The timing of the ARR activation was associated with a temporal drop of miR156 level. The microRNA miR156 maintains juvenile phase by inhibiting the accumulation and translation of SPL transcripts. A systematic inspection of the loss- and gain-of-function mutants of 11 SPL genes revealed that a subset of SPL genes, notably SPL2, SPL10, and SPL11, activated ARR in adult stage. The immune function of SPL10 was independent of its role in morphogenesis. Furthermore, the SPL10 mediated an age-dependent augmentation of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway partially by direct activation of PAD4. Disrupting SA biosynthesis or signaling abolished the ARR against Pto DC3000. Our work demonstrated that the miR156-SPL10 module in Arabidopsis is deployed to operate immune outputs over developmental timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxi Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Peng Qi
- Department of Plant Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alan Peper
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feng Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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10
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Skirycz A, Fernie AR. Past accomplishments and future challenges of the multi-omics characterization of leaf growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:473-489. [PMID: 35325227 PMCID: PMC9157134 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The advent of omics technologies has revolutionized biology and advanced our understanding of all biological processes, including major developmental transitions in plants and animals. Here, we review the vast knowledge accumulated concerning leaf growth in terms of transcriptional regulation before turning our attention to the historically less well-characterized alterations at the protein and metabolite level. We will then discuss how the advent of biochemical methods coupled with metabolomics and proteomics can provide insight into the protein-protein and protein-metabolite interactome of the growing leaves. We finally highlight the substantial challenges in detection, spatial resolution, integration, and functional validation of the omics results, focusing on metabolomics as a prerequisite for a comprehensive understanding of small-molecule regulation of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
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11
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Kanojia A, Shrestha DK, Dijkwel PP. Primary metabolic processes as drivers of leaf ageing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6351-6364. [PMID: 34279698 PMCID: PMC8558203 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing in plants is a highly coordinated and complex process that starts with the birth of the plant or plant organ and ends with its death. A vivid manifestation of the final stage of leaf ageing is exemplified by the autumn colours of deciduous trees. Over the past decades, technological advances have allowed plant ageing to be studied on a systems biology level, by means of multi-omics approaches. Here, we review some of these studies and argue that these provide strong support for basic metabolic processes as drivers for ageing. In particular, core cellular processes that control the metabolism of chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, DNA and reactive oxygen species correlate with leaf ageing. However, while multi-omics studies excel at identifying correlative processes and pathways, molecular genetic approaches can provide proof that such processes and pathways control ageing, by means of knock-out and ectopic expression of predicted regulatory genes. Therefore, we also review historic and current molecular evidence to directly test the hypotheses unveiled by the systems biology approaches. We found that the molecular genetic approaches, by and large, confirm the multi-omics-derived hypotheses with notable exceptions, where there is scant evidence that chlorophyll and DNA metabolism are important drivers of leaf ageing. We present a model that summarises the core cellular processes that drive leaf ageing and propose that developmental processes are tightly linked to primary metabolism to inevitably lead to ageing and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakansha Kanojia
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Ruski 139 Blvd., Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Deny K Shrestha
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Rankenberg T, Geldhof B, van Veen H, Holsteens K, Van de Poel B, Sasidharan R. Age-Dependent Abiotic Stress Resilience in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:692-705. [PMID: 33509699 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Developmental age is a strong determinant of stress responses in plants. Differential susceptibility to various environmental stresses is widely observed at both the organ and whole-plant level. While it is clear that age determines stress susceptibility, the causes, regulatory mechanisms, and functions are only now beginning to emerge. Compared with concepts on age-related biotic stress resilience, advancements in the abiotic stress field are relatively limited. In this review, we focus on current knowledge of ontogenic resistance to abiotic stresses, highlighting examples at the organ (leaf) and plant level, preceded by an overview of the relevant concepts in plant aging. We also discuss age-related abiotic stress resilience mechanisms, speculate on their functional relevance, and outline outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rankenberg
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Batist Geldhof
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristof Holsteens
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Yoon HI, Kim HY, Kim J, Son JE. Quantitative Analysis of UV-B Radiation Interception and Bioactive Compound Contents in Kale by Leaf Position According to Growth Progress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667456. [PMID: 34305968 PMCID: PMC8297650 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation has been used as an effective tool to improve bioactive compound contents in controlled environments, such as plant factories. However, plant structure changes with growth progress induce different positional distributions of UV-B radiation interception, which cause difficulty in accurately evaluating the effects of UV-B on biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the positional distributions of UV-B radiation interception and bioactive compound contents of kales (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) with growth progress and their relationships. Short-term moderate UV-B levels did not affect the plant growth and photosynthetic parameters. Spatial UV-B radiation interception was analyzed quantitatively by using 3D-scanned plant models and ray-tracing simulations. As growth progressed, the differences in absorbed UV-B energy between leaf positions were more pronounced. The concentrations of total phenolic compound (TPC) and total flavonoid compound (TFC) were higher with more cumulative absorbed UV-B energy. The cumulative UV energy yields for TFC were highest for the upper leaves of the older plants, while those for TPC were highest in the middle leaves of the younger plants. Despite the same UV-B levels, the UV-B radiation interception and UV-B susceptibility in the plants varied with leaf position and growth stage, which induced the different biosynthesis of TFC and TPC. This attempt to quantify the relationship between UV-B radiation interception and bioactive compound contents will contribute to the estimation and production of bioactive compounds in plant factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Yoon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Eek Son
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jung Eek Son,
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