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Zhang A, Shang J, Xiao K, Zhang M, Wang S, Zhu W, Wu X, Zha D. WRKY transcription factor 40 from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) regulates ABA and salt stress responses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19289. [PMID: 39164381 PMCID: PMC11335892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants are affected by many environmental factors during their various stages of growth, among which salt stress is a key factor. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in the response to stress in plants. In this study, SmWRKY40 from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was found to belong to the subfamily of WRKY transcription factor group II, closely related to the evolution of wild tomato ScWRKY40 (Solanum chilense). The expression of SmWRKY40 could be induced by several abiotic stresses (drought, salt, and high temperature) and ABA to different degrees, with salt stress being the most significant. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the seed germination rate of SmWRKY40 overexpression seedlings was significantly higher than those of the wild type under high concentrations of NaCl and ABA, and root elongation of overexpression lines was also longer than wild type under NaCl treatments. SmWRKY40 overexpression lines were found to enhance Arabidopsis tolerance to salt with lower ROS, MDA, higher soluble protein, proline accumulation, and more active antioxidant enzymes. The expression level of genes related to stress and ABA signaling displayed significant differences in SmWRKY40 overexpression line than that of WT. These results indicate that SmWRKY40 regulates ABA and salt stress responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jing Shang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430345, Hubei, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Shanghai Qiande Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Xuexia Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
| | - Dingshi Zha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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Kim JH, Kim MS, Seo YW. Overexpression of a TaATL1 encoding RING-type E3 ligase negatively regulates cell division and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111966. [PMID: 38151074 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The transition of food crops from the vegetative to reproductive stages is an important process that affects the final yield. Despite extensive characterization of E3 ligases in model plants, their roles in wheat development remain unknown. In this study, we elucidated the molecular function of wheat TaATL1 (Arabidopsis thaliana Toxicos EN Levadura), which acts as a negative regulator of flowering time and cell division. TaATL1 amino acid residues contain a RING domain and exist mainly in a beta-turn form. The expression level of TaATL1 was highly reduced during the transition from vegetative to reproductive stages. TaATL1 is localized in the nucleus and exhibits E3 ligase activity. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants, in which the TaATL1 gene is constitutively overexpressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S promoter, exhibited regulation of cell numbers, thereby influencing both leaf and root growth. Moreover, TaATL1 overexpression plants showed a late-flowering phenotype compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Following transcriptome analysis, it was discovered that 1661 and 901 differentially expressed genes were down- or up- regulated, respectively, in seedling stages between WT and TaATL1 overexpression. TaATL1 transcripts are involved in cell division, flowering, and signaling. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the regulatory mechanism of wheat TaATL1 gene plays a significant role in cell division-mediated flowering in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Seok Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Weon Seo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ojeong Plant Breeding Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Vannozzi A, Palumbo F, Magon G, Lucchin M, Barcaccia G. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) floral transcriptome in Pinot noir variety: identification of tissue-related gene networks and whorl-specific markers in pre- and post-anthesis phases. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:200. [PMID: 34465729 PMCID: PMC8408131 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The comprehension of molecular processes underlying the development and progression of flowering in plants is a hot topic, not only because that often the products of interest for human and animal nutrition are linked to the development of fruits or seeds, but also because the processes of gametes formation occurring in sexual organs are at the basis of recombination and genetic variability which constitutes the matter on which evolution acts, whether understood as natural or human driven. In the present study, we used an NGS approach to produce a grapevine flower transcriptome snapshot in different whorls and tissues including calyx, calyptra, filament, anther, stigma, ovary, and embryo in both pre- and post-anthesis phases. Our investigation aimed at identifying hub genes that unequivocally distinguish the different tissues providing insights into the molecular mechanisms that are at the basis of floral whorls and tissue development. To this end we have used different analytical approaches, some now consolidated in transcriptomic studies on plants, such as pairwise comparison and weighted-gene coexpression network analysis, others used mainly in studies on animals or human's genomics, such as the tau (τ) analysis aimed at isolating highly and absolutely tissue-specific genes. The intersection of data obtained by these analyses allowed us to gradually narrow the field, providing evidence about the molecular mechanisms occurring in those whorls directly involved in reproductive processes, such as anther and stigma, and giving insights into the role of other whorls not directly related to reproduction, such as calyptra and calyx. We believe this work could represent an important genomic resource for functional analyses of grapevine floral organ growth and fruit development shading light on molecular networks underlying grapevine reproductive organ determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, V. le dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Palumbo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, V. le dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, V. le dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Margherita Lucchin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, V. le dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Barcaccia
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, V. le dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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Liu R, Xia R, Xie Q, Wu Y. Endoplasmic reticulum-related E3 ubiquitin ligases: Key regulators of plant growth and stress responses. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100186. [PMID: 34027397 PMCID: PMC8132179 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that the ubiquitin proteasome system plays fundamental roles in the regulation of diverse cellular activities in eukaryotes. The ubiquitin protein ligases (E3s) are central to the proteasome system because of their ability to determine its substrate specificity. Several studies have demonstrated the essential role of a group of ER (endoplasmic reticulum)-localized E3s in the positive or negative regulation of cell homeostasis. Most ER-related E3s are conserved between plants and mammals, and a few plant-specific components have been reported. In this review, we summarize the functions of ER-related E3s in plant growth, ER-associated protein degradation and ER-phagy, abiotic and biotic stress responses, and hormone signaling. Furthermore, we highlight several questions that remain to be addressed and suggest directions for further research on ER-related E3 ubiquitin ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ran Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Kang H, Zhang TT, Fu LL, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ. The apple RING-H2 protein MdCIP8 regulates anthocyanin accumulation and hypocotyl elongation by interacting with MdCOP1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110665. [PMID: 33218632 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
COP1, an important RING ubiquitin ligase E3, is a molecular switch for light regulation in plant development. As an interacting protein of COP1, CIP8 contains a RING-H2 domain, but its biological function is unclear. Here, the apple MdCIP8 was identified based on its homology with AtCIP8 in Arabidopsis. MdCIP8 was constitutively expressed at different levels in various apple tissues, and the expression level of MdCIP8 was not affected by light and dark conditions. MdCIP8 reversed the short hypocotyl phenotype of the cip8 mutant under light conditions. Furthermore, the yeast two-hybrid experiment showed that MdCIP8 interacted with the RING domain of MdCOP1 through its RING-H2 domain. MdCIP8-OX/cop1-4 exhibited the phenotype of the cop1-4 mutant, indicating that CIP8 acts upstream of COP1. In addition, an apple transient injection experiment showed that MdCIP8 inhibited anthocyanin accumulation in an MdCOP1-dependent pathway. Overall, our findings reveal that CIP8 plays an inhibitory role in the light-regulation responses of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yang-Ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lu-Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Guo J, Zhang G, Song Y, Li Z, Ma S, Niu N, Wang J. Comparative proteomic analysis of multi-ovary wheat under heterogeneous cytoplasm suppression. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:175. [PMID: 31046676 PMCID: PMC6498644 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DUOII is a multi-ovary wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line with two or three pistils and three stamens in each floret. The multi-ovary trait of DUOII is controlled by a dominant gene, whose expression can be suppressed by the heterogeneous cytoplasm of TeZhiI (TZI), a line with the nucleus of common wheat and the cytoplasm of Aegilops. Crosses between female DUOII plants and male TZI plants resulted in multi-ovary F1s; whereas, the reciprocal crosses resulted in mono-ovary F1s. Although the multi-ovary trait is inherited as single trait controlled by a dominant allele in lines with a Triticum cytoplasm, the mechanism by which the special heterogeneous cytoplasm suppresses the expression of multi-ovary is not well understood. RESULTS Observing the developmental process, we found that the critical stage of additional pistil primordium development was when the young spikes were 2-6 mm long. Then, we compared the quantitative proteomic profiles of 2-6 mm long young spikes obtained from the reciprocal crosses between DUOII and TZI. A total of 90 differentially expressed proteins were identified and analyzed based on their biological functions. These proteins had obvious functional pathways mainly implicated in chloroplast metabolism, nuclear and cell division, plant respiration, protein metabolism, and flower development. Importantly, we identified two key proteins, Flowering Locus K Homology Domain and PEPPER, which are known to play an essential role in the specification of pistil organ identity. By drawing relationships between the 90 differentially expressed proteins, we found that these proteins revealed a complex network which is associated with multi-ovary gene expression under heterogeneous cytoplasmic suppression. CONCLUSIONS Our proteomic analysis has identified certain differentially expressed proteins in 2-6 mm long young spikes, which was the critical stage of additional primordium development. This paper provided a universal proteomic profiling involved in the cytoplasmic suppression of wheat floral meristems; and our findings have laid a solid foundation for further mechanistic studies on the underlying mechanisms that control the heterogeneous cytoplasm-induced suppression of the nuclear multi-ovary gene in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Guo
- College of Agronomy, National Yangling Agriculture Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, National Yangling Agriculture Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yulong Song
- College of Agronomy, National Yangling Agriculture Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Agronomy, National Yangling Agriculture Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- College of Agronomy, National Yangling Agriculture Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Na Niu
- College of Agronomy, National Yangling Agriculture Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Agronomy, National Yangling Agriculture Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Noman A, Aqeel M, Khalid N, Islam W, Sanaullah T, Anwar M, Khan S, Ye W, Lou Y. Zinc finger protein transcription factors: Integrated line of action for plant antimicrobial activity. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:141-149. [PMID: 31051192 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The plants resist/tolerate unfavorable conditions in their natural habitats by using different but aligned and integrated defense mechanisms. Such defense responses include not only morphological and physiological adaptations but also the genomic and transcriptomic reconfiguration. Microbial attack on plants activates multiple pro-survival pathways such as transcriptional reprogramming, hypersensitive response (HR), antioxidant defense system and metabolic remodeling. Up-regulation of these processes during biotic stress conditions directly relates with plant survival. Over the years, hundreds of plant transcription factors (TFs) belonging to diverse families have been identified. Zinc finger protein (ZFP) TFs have crucial role in phytohormone response, plant growth and development, stress tolerance, transcriptional regulation, RNA binding and protein-protein interactions. Recent research progress has revealed regulatory and biological functions of ZFPs in incrementing plant resistance to pathogens. Integration of transcriptional activity with metabolic modulations has miniaturized plant innate immunity. However, the precise roles of different zinc finger TFs in plant immunity to pathogens have not been thoroughly analyzed. This review consolidates the pivotal functioning of zinc finger TFs and proposes the integrative understanding as foundation for the plant growth and development including the stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Noman
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan; College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Islam
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Tayyaba Sanaullah
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahaud Din Zakria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- College of Life Science and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- College of Agriculture, Shangxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Ye
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Zhong C, Ren Y, Qi Y, Yu X, Wu X, Tian Z. PAMP-responsive ATL gene StRFP1 and its orthologue NbATL60 positively regulate Phytophthora infestans resistance in potato and Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:47-57. [PMID: 29576086 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that plays a crucial role during the regulation of plant immune signalling. The plant ATL family consists of a large number of putative RING type ubiquitin ligases. We show that potato ATL family gene StRFP1 and its orthologue NbATL60 from N. benthamiana both respond to Phytophthora infestans culture filtrate (CF) and flg22 induction. StRFP1 positively regulates immunity against P. infestans in potato. Ectopic transient expression of StRFP1 or expression of NbATL60 in N. benthamiana also enhances late blight resistance. By contrast, silencing NbATL60 in N. benthamiana reduces late blight resistance and leads to plant growth inhibition. Both StRFP1 and NbATL60 localize to the plasma membrane and intracellular puncta and possess E3 Ligase activity in vitro. Furthermore we demonstrate that the RING finger domain mutants of StRFP1 and NbATL60 lost E3 ligase activity and fail to suppress P. infestans colonization in N. benthamiana, indicating that E3 ligase activity is critical for StRFP1 and NbATL60 to regulate immunity. Overexpression or RNA interference of StRFP1 in transgenic potato led to increased or decreased expression of PTI maker genes (WRKY7, WRKY8, ACRE31 and Pti5) respectively. Similarly silencing of NbATL60 in N. benthamiana decreases expression of these PTI marker genes. Moreover, VIGS of NbATL60 in N. benthamiana did not compromise P. infestans PAMP INF1 or R2/Avr2, R3a/AVR3a, Rx/Cp and Pto/AvrPto triggered cell death. These results indicate that ATL genes StRFP1 and NbATL60 contribute to basal immunity (PTI) in Solanaceous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Kaili University, Kaili, Guizhou, 556011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yajuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yetong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xintong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhendong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Wong DCJ, Ariani P, Castellarin S, Polverari A, Vandelle E. Co-expression network analysis and cis-regulatory element enrichment determine putative functions and regulatory mechanisms of grapevine ATL E3 ubiquitin ligases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3151. [PMID: 29453355 PMCID: PMC5816651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana Toxicos en Levadura (ATL) proteins are a subclass of the RING-H2 zinc finger binding E3 ubiquitin ligases. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) ATL family was recently characterized, revealing 96 members that are likely to be involved in several physiological processes through protein ubiquitination. However, the final targets and biological functions of most ATL E3 ligases are still unknown. We analyzed the co-expression networks among grapevine ATL genes across a set of transcriptomic data related to defense and abiotic stress, combined with a condition-independent dataset. This revealed strong correlations between ATL proteins and diverse signal transduction components and transcriptional regulators, in particular those involved in immunity. An enrichment analysis of cis-regulatory elements in ATL gene promoters and related co-expressed genes highlighted the importance of hormones in the regulation of ATL gene expression. Our work identified several ATL proteins as candidates for further studies aiming to decipher specific grapevine resistance mechanisms activated in response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C J Wong
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pietro Ariani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Simone Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Annalisa Polverari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.
| | - Elodie Vandelle
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.
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Expression and regulation of ATL9, an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in plant defense. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188458. [PMID: 29161311 PMCID: PMC5697834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are continually exposed to a variety of pathogenic organisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. In response to these assaults, plants have developed various defense pathways to protect themselves from pathogen invasion. An understanding of the expression and regulation of genes involved in defense signaling is essential to controlling plant disease. ATL9, an Arabidopsis RING zinc finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is induced by chitin and involved in basal resistance to the biotrophic fungal pathogen, Golovinomyces cichoracearum (G. cichoracearum). To better understand the expression and regulation of ATL9, we studied its expression pattern and the functions of its different protein domains. Using pATL9:GUS transgenic Arabidopsis lines we found that ATL9 is expressed in numerous tissues at various developmental stages and that GUS activity was induced rapidly upon wounding. Using a GFP control protein, we showed that ATL9 is a short-lived protein within plant cells and it is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. ATL9 contains two transmembrane domains (TM), a RING zinc-finger domain, and a PEST domain. Using a series of deletion mutants, we found that the PEST domain and the RING domain have effects on ATL9 degradation. Further infection assays with G. cichoracearum showed that both the RING domain and the TM domains are important for ATL9’s resistance phenotype. Interestingly, the PEST domain was also shown to be significant for resistance to fungal pathogens. This study demonstrates that the PEST domain is directly coupled to plant defense regulation and the importance of protein degradation in plant immunity.
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Hewezi T, Piya S, Qi M, Balasubramaniam M, Rice JH, Baum TJ. Arabidopsis miR827 mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing of its ubiquitin E3 ligase target gene in the syncytium of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii to enhance susceptibility. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:179-192. [PMID: 27304416 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major class of small non-coding RNAs with emerging functions in biotic and abiotic interactions. Here, we report on a new functional role of Arabidopsis miR827 and its NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTATION (NLA) target gene in mediating plant susceptibility to the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Cyst nematodes are sedentary endoparasites that induce the formation of multinucleated feeding structures termed syncytia in the roots of host plants. Using promoter:GUS fusion assays we established that miR827 was activated in the initial feeding cells and this activation was maintained in the syncytium during all sedentary stages of nematode development. Meanwhile, the NLA target gene, which encodes an ubiquitin E3 ligase enzyme, was post-transcriptionally silenced in the syncytium to permanently suppress its activity during all nematode parasitic stages. Overexpression of miR827 in Arabidopsis resulted in hyper-susceptibility to H. schachtii. In contrast, inactivation of miR827 activity through target mimicry or by overexpression a miR827-resistant cDNA of NLA produced the opposite phenotype of reduced plant susceptibility to H. schachtii. Gene expression analysis of several pathogenesis-related genes together with Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana provided strong evidence that miR827-mediated downregulation of NLA to suppress basal defense pathways. In addition, using yeast two-hybrid screens we identified several candidates of NLA-interacting proteins that are involved in a wide range of biological processes and molecular functions, including three pathogenesis-related proteins. Taken together, we conclude that nematode-activated miR827 in the syncytium is necessary to suppress immune responses in order to establish infection and cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Mingsheng Qi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | - J Hollis Rice
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Thomas J Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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12
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Baldacci-Cresp F, Houbaert A, Metuor Dabire A, Mol A, Monteyne D, El Jaziri M, Van Melderen L, Baucher M. Escherichia colimazEF Toxin-Antitoxin System as a Tool to Target Cell Ablation in Plants. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:277-83. [PMID: 27245477 DOI: 10.1159/000446112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The Escherichia coli MazF is an endoribonuclease that cleaves mRNA at ACA sequences, thereby triggering inhibition of protein synthesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the mazEF toxin-antitoxin system in plants to develop biotechnological tools for targeted cell ablation. METHODS A double transformation strategy, combining expression of the mazE antitoxin gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter, reported to drive expression in all plant cells except within the tapetum, together with the expression of the mazF gene under the control of the TA29 tapetum-specific promoter in transgenic tobacco, was applied. RESULTS No transgenic TA29-mazF line could be regenerated, suggesting that the TA29 promoter is not strictly tapetum specific and that MazF is toxic for plant cells. The regenerated 35S-mazE/TA29-mazF double-transformed lines gave a unique phenotype where the tapetal cell layer was necrosed resulting in the absence of pollen. CONCLUSION These results show that the E. colimazEF system can be used to induce death of specific plant cell types and can provide a new tool to plant cell ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Baldacci-Cresp
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Vx00E9;gx00E9;tale, Universitx00E9; libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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Ghannam A, Jacques A, de Ruffray P, Kauffmann S. NtRING1, putative RING-finger E3 ligase protein, is a positive regulator of the early stages of elicitin-induced HR in tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:415-28. [PMID: 26542819 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE NtRING1 is a RING-finger protein with a putative E3 ligase activity. NtRING1 regulates HR establishment against different pathogens. Loss-/gain-of-function of NtRING1 altered early stages of HR phenotype establishment. Plant defence responses against pathogens often involve the restriction of pathogens by inducing a hypersensitive response (HR). cDNA clones DD11-39, DD38-11 and DD34-26 were previously obtained from a differential screen aimed at characterising tobacco genes with an elicitin-induced HR-specific pattern of expression. Our precedent observations suggested that DD11-39, DD38-11 and DD34-26 might play roles in the HR establishment. Only for DD11-39 a full-length cDNA sequence was obtained and the corresponding protein encoded for a type-HC RING-finger/putative E3 ligase protein which we termed NtRING1. The expression of NtRING1 was upregulated upon HR induction by elicitin, Ralstonia solanacearum, or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tobacco. Silencing of NtRING1 remarkably delayed the establishment of elicitin-induced HR in tobacco as well as the expression of different early induction genes in tissues undergoing HR. Accordingly, transient overexpression of NtRING1 accelerated the HR launching upon elicitin treatment. Taking together, our data suggests that NtRING1 plays a functional role in the early establishment of HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghannam
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France.
- Laboratory Functional Genomics for Plant Immunomodulation, Plant Pathology Division, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Alban Jacques
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France
- Ecole d'ingénieurs de Purpan, Laboratoire d'Agro-Physiologie, 75 voie du TOEC, 31076, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Patrice de Ruffray
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Serge Kauffmann
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France
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14
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Baldacci-Cresp F, Moussawi J, Leplé JC, Van Acker R, Kohler A, Candiracci J, Twyffels L, Spokevicius AV, Bossinger G, Laurans F, Brunel N, Vermeersch M, Boerjan W, El Jaziri M, Baucher M. PtaRHE1, a Populus tremula × Populus alba RING-H2 protein of the ATL family, has a regulatory role in secondary phloem fibre development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:978-990. [PMID: 25912812 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
REALLY INTERESTING NEW GENE (RING) proteins play important roles in the regulation of many processes by recognizing target proteins for ubiquitination. Previously, we have shown that the expression of PtaRHE1, encoding a Populus tremula × Populus alba RING-H2 protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, is associated with tissues undergoing secondary growth. To further elucidate the role of PtaRHE1 in vascular tissues, we have undertaken a reverse genetic analysis in poplar. Within stem secondary vascular tissues, PtaRHE1 and its corresponding protein are expressed predominantly in the phloem. The downregulation of PtaRHE1 in poplar by artificial miRNA triggers alterations in phloem fibre patterning, characterized by an increased portion of secondary phloem fibres that have a reduced cell wall thickness and a change in lignin composition, with lower levels of syringyl units as compared with wild-type plants. Following an RNA-seq analysis, a biological network involving hormone stress signalling, as well as developmental processes, could be delineated. Several candidate genes possibly associated with the altered phloem fibre phenotype observed in amiRPtaRHE1 poplar were identified. Altogether, our data suggest a regulatory role for PtaRHE1 in secondary phloem fibre development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Baldacci-Cresp
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jihad Moussawi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean-Charles Leplé
- Unité de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (UR0588), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 45075, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Rebecca Van Acker
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRA, 54280, Champenoux, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, Lorraine University, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Julie Candiracci
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Laure Twyffels
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging-CMMI, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Antanas V Spokevicius
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Vic., 3363, Australia
| | - Gerd Bossinger
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Vic., 3363, Australia
| | - Françoise Laurans
- Unité de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (UR0588), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 45075, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Nicole Brunel
- UMR A547 PIAF, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR A547 PIAF, INRA, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marjorie Vermeersch
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging-CMMI, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mondher El Jaziri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marie Baucher
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
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15
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Moussawi J, Baldacci-Cresp F, El Jaziri M, Baucher M. Does PtaRHE1, a poplar RING-H2 protein, play a role in water conduction through ABA signaling? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e27611. [PMID: 24393707 PMCID: PMC4091337 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RING (REALLY INTERESTING NEW GENE) proteins with E3 ligase activity are largely represented in plants. They have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of many biological processes by recognizing target proteins for ubiquitination. PtaRHE1, encoding a poplar RING-H2 domain-containing protein with E3 ligase activity has been previously shown to be expressed during the establishment of secondary vascular system in poplar. In the present report, we demonstrate that the expression of PtaRHE1 and the accumulation of its corresponding protein are modulated by the relative atmospheric and soil humidity and by abscisic acid. Overall, the integrated data are discussed within a working model highlighting a plausible function of PtaRHE1 in the signaling and/or in the regulation of water status in poplar.
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16
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Molecular characterization, 3D model analysis, and expression pattern of the CmUBC gene encoding the melon ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme under drought and salt stress conditions. Biochem Genet 2013; 52:90-105. [PMID: 24213845 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-013-9630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating (UBC) enzyme is a key enzyme in ubiquitination. Here, we describe the cloning, characterization, and expression pattern of a novel gene, CmUBC, from a melon. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences allowed the identification of highly conserved motifs. Synteny analysis between Cucumis sativus L. and Arabidopsis demonstrated that homologs of several Cucumis UBC genes were found in corresponding syntenic blocks of Arabidopsis. The homology structure model of the CmUBC protein was constructed. UBCs from melon, yeast, and Arabidopsis were highly conserved in their three-dimensional folding. CmUBC was ubiquitously expressed in all melon tissues. Increased transcript levels of CmUBC were observed during drought and salinity stresses, which suggested that the expression of the CmUBC gene in melon plants is responsive to physiological water stress. These results suggested that the CmUBC gene might play an important role in the modulation of the ubiquitination pathway.
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17
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Yu Y, Xu W, Wang J, Wang L, Yao W, Yang Y, Xu Y, Ma F, Du Y, Wang Y. The Chinese wild grapevine (Vitis pseudoreticulata) E3 ubiquitin ligase Erysiphe necator-induced RING finger protein 1 (EIRP1) activates plant defense responses by inducing proteolysis of the VpWRKY11 transcription factor. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:834-846. [PMID: 23905547 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-mediated regulation responds rapidly to specific stimuli; this rapidity is particularly important for defense responses to pathogen attack. Here, we investigated the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Erysiphe necator-induced RING finger protein 1 (EIRP1) in the defense response of Chinese wild grapevine Vitis pseudoreticulata. The regulatory function of E3 ubiquitin ligase EIRP1 was investigated using molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches. EIRP1 encodes a C3HC4-type Really Interesting New Gene (RING) finger protein that harbors E3 ligase activity. This activity requires the conserved RING domain, and VpWRKY11 also interacts with EIRP1 through the RING domain. VpWRKY11 localizes to the nucleus and activates W-box-dependent transcription in planta. EIRP1 targeted VpWRKY11 in vivo, resulting in VpWRKY11 degradation. The expression of EIRP1 and VpWRKY11 responds rapidly to powdery mildew in Vitis pseudoreticulata grapevine; also, overexpression of EIRP1 in Arabidopsis confers enhanced resistance to the pathogens Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Our data suggest that the EIRP1 E3 ligase positively regulates plant disease resistance by mediating proteolysis of the negative regulator VpWRKY11 via degradation by the 26S proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weirong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenkong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yazhou Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuli Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangjian Du
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Baucher M, Moussawi J, Vandeputte OM, Monteyne D, Mol A, Pérez-Morga D, El Jaziri M. A role for the miR396/GRF network in specification of organ type during flower development, as supported by ectopic expression of Populus trichocarpa miR396c in transgenic tobacco. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:892-8. [PMID: 23173976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The MIR396 family, composed of ath-miR396a and ath-miR396b in Arabidopsis, is conserved among plant species and is known to target the Growth-Regulating Factor (GRF) gene family. ath-miR396 overexpressors or grf mutants are characterised by small and narrow leaves and show embryogenic defects such as cotyledon fusion. Heterologous expression of ath-miR396a has been reported in tobacco and resulted in reduction of the expression of three NtGRF genes. In this study, the precursor of the Populus trichocarpa ptc-miR396c, with a mature sequence identical to ath-miR396b, was expressed under control of the CaMV35S promoter in tobacco. Typical phenotypes of GRF down-regulation were observed, including cotyledon fusion and lack of shoot apical meristem (SAM). At later stage of growth, transgenic plants had delayed development and altered specification of organ type during flower development. The third and fourth whorls of floral organs were modified into stigmatoid anthers and fasciated carpels, respectively. Several NtGRF genes containing a miR396 binding site were found to be down-regulated, and the cleavage of their corresponding mRNA at the miR396 binding site was confirmed for two of them using RACE-PCR analysis. The data obtained agree with the functional conservation of the miR396 family in plants and suggest a role for the miR396/GRF network in determination of floral organ specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baucher
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium.
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Xia Z, Su X, Liu J, Wang M. The RING-H2 finger gene 1 (RHF1) encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase and participates in drought stress response in Nicotiana tabacum. Genetica 2013; 141:11-21. [PMID: 23381133 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-013-9702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth and development. To identify genes required for drought stress response in tobacco, one highly induced mRNA encoding a RING-H2 Finger gene (RHF1) was isolated by mRNA differential display. The full-length NtRHF1 encodes a protein of 273 amino acids and contains a single C3H2C3-type RING motif in its C-terminal region. NtRHF1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis SDIR1 (salt- and drought-induced RING finger 1) (73 % identity to AtSDIR1). The recombinant NtRHF1 protein purified from E. coli exhibited an in vitro E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the transcript levels of NtRHF1 were higher in aerial tissues and were markedly up-regulated by drought stress. Overexpression of NtRHF1 enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants while RNA silencing of NtRHF1 reduced drought tolerance. Further expression analysis by real-time PCR indicated that NtRHF1 participates in drought stress response possibly through transcriptional regulation of downstream stress-responsive genes NtLEA5, NtERD10C, NtAREB, and NtCDPK2 in tobacco. Together, these results demonstrated that NtRHF1 plays a positive role in drought stress tolerance possibly through transcriptional regulation of several stress-responsive marker genes in tobacco. This study will facilitate to improve our understanding of molecular and functional properties of plant RING-H2 finger proteins and to provide genetic evidence on the involvement of the RING-H2 E3 ligase in drought stress response in Nicotiana tabacum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Núñez-Acuña G, Aguilar-Espinoza A, Chávez-Mardones J, Gallardo-Escárate C. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-like gene associated to pathogen response in Concholepas concholepas: SNP identification and transcription expression. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:1065-1068. [PMID: 22971731 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugated E2 enzyme (UBE2) is one of the main components of the proteasome degradation cascade. Previous studies have shown an increase of expression levels in individuals challenged to some pathogen organism such as virus and bacteria. The study was to characterize the immune response of UBE2 gene in the gastropod Concholepas concholepas through expression analysis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) discovery. Hence, UBE2 was identified from a cDNA library by 454 pyrosequencing, while SNP identification and validation were performed using De novo assembly and high resolution melting analysis. Challenge trials with Vibrio anguillarum was carried out to evaluate the relative transcript abundance of UBE2 gene from two to thirty-three hours post-treatment. The results showed a partial UBE2 sequence of 889 base pair (bp) with a partial coding region of 291 bp. SNP variation (A/C) was observed at the 546th position. Individuals challenged by V. anguillarum showed an overexpression of the UBE2 gene, the expression being significantly higher in homozygous individuals (AA) than (CC) or heterozygous individuals (A/C). This study contributes useful information relating to the UBE2 gene and its association with innate immune response in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Núñez-Acuña
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Genómica Acuícola, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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Luo X, Cui N, Zhu Y, Cao L, Zhai H, Cai H, Ji W, Wang X, Zhu D, Li Y, Bai X. Over-expression of GsZFP1, an ABA-responsive C2H2-type zinc finger protein lacking a QALGGH motif, reduces ABA sensitivity and decreases stomata size. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1192-202. [PMID: 22705253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA of the gene GsZFP1 was cloned from Glycine soja. GsZFP1 encodes a protein with one C2H2-type zinc finger motif. The QALGGH motif, which exists in most plant C2H2-type zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), does not exist in GsZFP1. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that GsZFP1 expression was significantly up-regulated by exogenous ABA, both in leaves and roots. Over-expression of this gene, in Arabidopsis thaliana, resulted in a reduced sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and seedling growth. Transcript levels of some stress and ABA marker genes, including RD29A, RD22, NCED3, COR47, COR15A and KIN1 were increased, in the GsZFP1 over-expression lines, when plants were treated with exogenous ABA. We further studied the effects of GsZFP1 over-expression on the regulation of genes involved in ABA signaling. Negative ABA signaling regulators, such as ABI1 and ABI2, were up-regulated in over-expression lines, while positive ABA signaling regulators, such as ABF4, ABI5, GTG1, GTG2, PYR1/RCAR11, PYL2/RCAR13, SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3, were down-regulated, in comparison to wild type plants. GsZFP1 over-expression lines also exhibited small stomata, impairment of ABA-induced stomata closure. The data presented, herein, suggests that GsZFP1 plays a crucial role in ABA signaling in A. thaliana, GsZFP1 may be a promising gene for negative regulating ABA signaling. Our findings broaden our understanding of this C2H2 ZFP subtype's function, and add to the body of evidence that has been developed in earlier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Abstract
An abundant class of E3 ubiquitin ligases encodes the RING-finger domain. The RING finger binds to the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and brings together both the E2 and substrate. It is predicted that 477 RING finger E3 ligases exist in Arabidopsis thaliana. A particular family among them, named Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura (ATL), consists of 91 members that contain the RING-H2 variation and a hydrophobic domain located at the N-terminal end. Transmembrane E3 ligases are important in several biological processes. For instance, some transmembrane RING finger E3 ligases are main participants in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway that targets misfolded proteins. Functional analysis of a number of ATLs has shown that some of them regulate distinct pathways in plants. Several ATLs have been shown to participate in defense responses, while others play a role in the regulation of the carbon/nitrogen response during post-germinative seedling growth transition, in the regulation of cell death during root development, in endosperm development, or in the transition to flowering under short day conditions. The ATL family has also been instrumental in evolution studies for showing how gene families are expanded in plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Guzmán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, México.
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Xia Z, Liu Q, Wu J, Ding J. ZmRFP1, the putative ortholog of SDIR1, encodes a RING-H2 E3 ubiquitin ligase and responds to drought stress in an ABA-dependent manner in maize. Gene 2012; 495:146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Aguilar-Hernández V, Aguilar-Henonin L, Guzmán P. Diversity in the architecture of ATLs, a family of plant ubiquitin-ligases, leads to recognition and targeting of substrates in different cellular environments. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23934. [PMID: 21887349 PMCID: PMC3161093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-ligases or E3s are components of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) that coordinate the transfer of ubiquitin to the target protein. A major class of ubiquitin-ligases consists of RING-finger domain proteins that include the substrate recognition sequences in the same polypeptide; these are known as single-subunit RING finger E3s. We are studying a particular family of RING finger E3s, named ATL, that contain a transmembrane domain and the RING-H2 finger domain; none of the member of the family contains any other previously described domain. Although the study of a few members in A. thaliana and O. sativa has been reported, the role of this family in the life cycle of a plant is still vague. To provide tools to advance on the functional analysis of this family we have undertaken a phylogenetic analysis of ATLs in twenty-four plant genomes. ATLs were found in all the 24 plant species analyzed, in numbers ranging from 20–28 in two basal species to 162 in soybean. Analysis of ATLs arrayed in tandem indicates that sets of genes are expanding in a species-specific manner. To get insights into the domain architecture of ATLs we generated 75 pHMM LOGOs from 1815 ATLs, and unraveled potential protein-protein interaction regions by means of yeast two-hybrid assays. Several ATLs were found to interact with DSK2a/ubiquilin through a region at the amino-terminal end, suggesting that this is a widespread interaction that may assist in the mode of action of ATLs; the region was traced to a distinct sequence LOGO. Our analysis provides significant observations on the evolution and expansion of the ATL family in addition to information on the domain structure of this class of ubiquitin-ligases that may be involved in plant adaptation to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Aguilar-Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, México
| | - Laura Aguilar-Henonin
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, México
| | - Plinio Guzmán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, México
- * E-mail:
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Wan X, Mo A, Liu S, Yang L, Li L. Constitutive expression of a peanut ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene in Arabidopsis confers improved water-stress tolerance through regulation of stress-responsive gene expression. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:478-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tirumalaraju SV, Jain M, Gallo M. Differential gene expression in roots of nematode-resistant and -susceptible peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars in response to early stages of peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) parasitization. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:481-92. [PMID: 20863592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The peanut root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne arenaria) can cause significant yield losses in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea). However, molecular events underlying successful RKN infection and host responses in peanut are sparsely understood. Using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), cDNA libraries, enriched with differentially expressed ESTs, were constructed from RKN-challenged root tissues in the pre-penetration and early infection stages from near-isogenic nematode-resistant and -susceptible peanut cultivars NemaTAM and Florunner. Following an initial screen of 960 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for at least three-fold differential expression between the two libraries, 70 ESTs (36 from the NemaTAM-specific library and 34 from the Florunner-specific library) were identified and annotated into seven functional categories (stress responses, metabolism, transcriptional regulation, protein synthesis and/or modification, transport functions, cellular architecture and proteins with unknown functions). Discreet gene tag clusters primarily including pathogenesis related (PR), patatin-like proteins and universal stress related proteins (USPs), as well as those implicated in alleviation of oxidative stress were primarily represented in RKN-infected NemaTAM roots, reflective of a basal level of resistance operative against invading nematodes. However, significant transcriptional reprogramming and upregulation of genes implicated in modification of cellular architecture, adhesion, and proliferation marked an early onset of compatible host-pathogen interactions discernible in Florunner roots.
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Berrocal-Lobo M, Stone S, Yang X, Antico J, Callis J, Ramonell KM, Somerville S. ATL9, a RING zinc finger protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity implicated in chitin- and NADPH oxidase-mediated defense responses. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14426. [PMID: 21203445 PMCID: PMC3009710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are signals detected by plants that activate basal defenses. One of these PAMPs is chitin, a carbohydrate present in the cell walls of fungi and in insect exoskeletons. Previous work has shown that chitin treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana induced defense-related genes in the absence of a pathogen and that the response was independent of the salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. One of these genes is ATL9 ( = ATL2G), which encodes a RING zinc-finger like protein. In the current work we demonstrate that ATL9 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The expression pattern of ATL9 is positively correlated with basal defense responses against Golovinomyces cichoracearum, a biotrophic fungal pathogen. The basal levels of expression and the induction of ATL9 by chitin, in wild type plants, depends on the activity of NADPH oxidases suggesting that chitin-mediated defense response is NADPH oxidase dependent. Although ATL9 expression is not induced by treatment with known defense hormones (SA, JA or ET), full expression in response to chitin is compromised slightly in mutants where ET- or SA-dependent signaling is suppressed. Microarray analysis of the atl9 mutant revealed candidate genes that appear to act downstream of ATL9 in chitin-mediated defenses. These results hint at the complexity of chitin-mediated signaling and the potential interplay between elicitor-mediated signaling, signaling via known defense pathways and the oxidative burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Berrocal-Lobo
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sophia Stone
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jay Antico
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Judy Callis
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Katrina M. Ramonell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shauna Somerville
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, United States of America
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