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Rady MO, Semida WM, Howladar S, Abd El-Mageed TA. Raised beds modulate physiological responses, yield and water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under deficit irrigation. AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT 2021; 245:106629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Hou X, Zhang W, Du T, Kang S, Davies WJ. Responses of water accumulation and solute metabolism in tomato fruit to water scarcity and implications for main fruit quality variables. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1249-1264. [PMID: 31750924 PMCID: PMC7242001 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit is important for human health, and applying deficit irrigation in fruit production is a strategy to regulate fruit quality and support environmental sustainability. Responses of different fruit quality variables to deficit irrigation have been widely documented, and much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of these responses. We review the effects of water shortage on fruit water accumulation considering water transport from the parent plant into the fruit determined by hydraulic properties of the pathway (including xylem water transport and transmembrane water transport regulated by aquaporins) and the driving force for water movement. We discuss water relations and solute metabolism that affect the main fruit quality variables (e.g. size, flavour, nutrition, and firmness) at the cellular level under water shortage. We also summarize the most recent advances in the understanding of responses of the main fruit quality variables to water shortage, considering the effects of variety, the severity of water deficit imposed, and the developmental stage of the fruit. We finally identify knowledge gaps and suggest avenues for future research. This review provides new insights into the stress physiology of fleshy fruit, which will be beneficial for the sustainable production of high-quality fruit under deficit irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Hou
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Du
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozhong Kang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - William J Davies
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
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Piñero MC, Pérez-Jiménez M, López-Marín J, Del Amor FM. Fruit quality of sweet pepper as affected by foliar Ca applications to mitigate the supply of saline water under a climate change scenario. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1071-1078. [PMID: 28722753 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet pepper fruit quality disorders have been related mainly to an unbalanced nutrient supply and non-optimal growth conditions. Increases in the atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2 ]) have been associated with a reduction of transpiration, which can affect calcium (Ca) uptake as it is linked closely to water uptake. We investigated whether foliar application of Ca can counterbalance the effects of saline water and elevated [CO2 ]. RESULTS High CO2 favoured generative growth instead of vegetative growth. Foliar Ca supply did not affect the marketable yield, but reduced the total yield when combined with salinity and 400 µmol mol-1 CO2 . Salinity affected negatively the total yield but this was overcome when CO2 was applied. The B and K concentrations were reduced by foliar Ca application, while Ca and Mn were increased at 400 µmol mol-1 CO2 . Salinity increased the Mn, Cl, and Na concentrations, regardless of the [CO2 ], and decreased K at 800 µmol mol-1 CO2 . The total protein was affected negatively only by elevated [CO2 ], and the total free amino acid concentration was reduced by all treatments. CONCLUSION The effect of Ca application differed according to the other treatments applied. This procedure should be optimised to overcome future climate impacts on fruit quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Piñero
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa López-Marín
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain
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Jovanovic Z, Stikic R. Partial Root-Zone Drying Technique: from Water Saving to the Improvement of a Fruit Quality. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wei Z, Du T, Li X, Fang L, Liu F. Interactive Effects of Elevated CO 2 and N Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Tomato Grown Under Reduced Irrigation Regimes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:328. [PMID: 29636756 PMCID: PMC5880949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The interactive effects of CO2 elevation, N fertilization, and reduced irrigation regimes on fruit yield (FY) and quality in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were investigated in a split-root pot experiment. The plants were grown in two separate climate-controlled greenhouse cells at atmospheric [CO2] of 400 and 800 ppm, respectively. In each cell, the plants were fertilized at either 100 or 200 mg N kg-1 soil and were either irrigated to full water holding capacity [i.e., a volumetric soil water content of 18%; full irrigation (FI)], or using 70% water of FI to the whole pot [deficit irrigation (DI)] or alternately to only half of the pot [partial root-zone irrigation (PRI)]. The yield and fruit quality attributes mainly from sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) and organic acids (OAs; citric acid and malic acid) to various ionic (NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NO3-, SO42-, and PO43-) concentrations in fruit juice were determined. The results indicated that lower N supply reduced fruit number and yield, whereas it enhanced some of the quality attributes of fruit as indicated by greater firmness and higher concentrations of sugars and OAs. Elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) attenuated the negative influence of reduced irrigation (DI and PRI) on FY. Principal component analysis revealed that the reduced irrigation regimes, especially PRI, in combination with e[CO2] could synergistically improve the comprehensive quality of tomato fruits at high N supply. These findings provide useful knowledge for sustaining tomato FY and quality in a future drier and CO2-enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wei
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Taisheng Du
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Taisheng Du, Fulai Liu,
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Taisheng Du, Fulai Liu,
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Scartazza A, Picciarelli P, Mariotti L, Curadi M, Barsanti L, Gualtieri P. The role of Euglena gracilis paramylon in modulating xylem hormone levels, photosynthesis and water-use efficiency in Solanum lycopersicum L. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:486-501. [PMID: 28767129 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
β-1,3-glucans such as paramylon act as elicitors in plants, modifying the hormonal levels and the physiological responses. Plant hormones affect all phases of the plant life cycle and their responses to environmental stresses, both biotic and abiotic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a root treatment with Euglena gracilis paramylon on xylem hormonal levels, photosynthetic performance and dehydration stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Paramylon granules were processed to obtain the linear fibrous structures capable to interact with tomato cell membrane. Modulation of hormone levels (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid) and related physiological responses such as CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal and mesophyll conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, water-use efficiency, quantum yield of photosystem II and leaf water potential were investigated. The results indicate a clear dose-dependent effect of paramylon on the hormonal content of xylem sap, photosynthetic performance and dehydration tolerance. Paramylon has the capability to enhance plant defense capacity against abiotic stress, such as drought, by modulating the conductance to CO2 diffusion from air to the carboxylation sites and improving the water-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scartazza
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, CNR, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Piero Picciarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Curadi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Sun Y, Yan F, Cui X, Liu F. Plasticity in stomatal size and density of potato leaves under different irrigation and phosphorus regimes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1248-55. [PMID: 25014260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The morphological features of stomata including their size and density could be modulated by environmental cues; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, the effect of different irrigation and phosphorus (P) regimes on stomatal size (SS) and stomatal density (SD) of potato leaves was investigated. The plants were grown in split-root pots under two P fertilization rates (viz., 0 and 100mgkg(-1) soil, denoted as P0 and P1, respectively) and subjected to full (FI), deficit (DI), and partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation regimes. Results showed that SS and SD were unresponsive to P but significantly affected by the irrigation treatment. FI plants had the largest SS, followed by DI, and PRD the smallest; and the reverse was the case for SD. Compared to FI and DI, PRD plants had significantly lower values of specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Δ(13)C) under P0. Midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf) and stomatal conductance (gs) was similar for DI and PRD, which was significantly lower than that of FI. Leaf contents of C, N, K, Ca and Mg were higher in PRD than in DI plants, particularly under P0. When analyzed across the three irrigation regimes, it was found that the P1 plants had significantly higher leaf contents of P and Mg, but significantly lower leaf K content compared to the P0 plants. Linear correlation analyses revealed that SS was positively correlated with Ψleaf and Δ(13)C; whereas SD was negatively correlated with Ψleaf, Δ(13)C and SLA, and positively correlated with leaf C, N and Ca contents. And gs was positively correlated with SS but negatively correlated with SD. Collectively, under low P level, the smaller and denser stomata in PRD plants may bring about a more efficient stomatal control over gas exchange, hereby potentially enhance water-use efficiency as exemplified by the lowered leaf Δ(13)C under fluctuating soil moisture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Sun
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing, China.
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