1
|
Sun Q, Gilgen AK, Signarbieux C, Klaus VH, Buchmann N. Cropping systems alter hydraulic traits of barley but not pea grown in mixture. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2912-2924. [PMID: 33763869 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extreme events such as drought and heatwaves are among the biggest challenges to agricultural production and food security. However, the effects of cropping systems on drought resistance of arable crops via their hydraulic behaviour remain unclear. We investigated how hydraulic traits of a field-grown pea-barley (Pisum sativum L. and Hordeum vulgare L.) mixture were affected by different cropping systems, that is, organic and conventional farming with intensive or conservation tillage. Xylem vulnerability to cavitation of both species was estimated by measuring the pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50 ), while the water stress plants experienced in the field were assessed using native percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (nPLC). Pea and barley showed contrasting hydraulic behaviours: pea was less vulnerable to xylem cavitation and less stressed than barley; cropping systems affected the xylem vulnerability of barley, but not of pea. Barley grown under conventional farming with no tillage was more vulnerable and stressed than under organic farming with intensive tillage. nPLC proved to be a valuable indicator for plant water stress. Our results highlight the impact of cropping systems on crop xylem vulnerability and drought resistance, thus plant hydraulic traits, for protecting food security under future climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna K Gilgen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constant Signarbieux
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Ecological Systems Laboratory (ECOS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matzner SL, Ronning N, Hawkinson J, Cummiskey T, Buchanan J, Miller E, Carlisle G. Does acclimation in cavitation resistance due to mechanical perturbation support the pit area or conduit reinforcement hypotheses in Phaseolus vulgaris? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:378-390. [PMID: 30537192 PMCID: PMC6557702 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars were exposed to reduced water and stem mechanical perturbation treatments (flexing) to determine if acclimation to these treatments induced hydraulic changes, altered cavitation resistance and changed stem mechanical properties. Additionally, this study sought to determine if changes in cavitation resistance would support the pit area or conduit reinforcement hypotheses. Flexing reduced biomass, leaf area, xylem vessel area and hydraulic conductivity. One cultivar had greater measures of stem strength and cavitation resistance. Flexing increased cavitation resistance (P50 ) but did not increase Young's modulus, rigidity or flexural strength on dried stems. Stem rigidity and basal diameter were correlated with leaf mass. The ratio of conduit wall thickness to span [(t/b)h 2 ] increased under high water and flexing treatments while rigidity decreased for one cultivar exposed to both flexing and lower water suggesting an inability to compensate for two simultaneous stresses. Although P50 was not correlated with measures of mechanical strength, P50 was correlated with vessel diameter, consistent with the pit area hypothesis. This study confirmed that mechanical perturbation can impact xylem structural properties and result in altered plant water flow characteristics and cavitation resistance. Long-term hydraulic acclimation in these herbaceous annuals was constrained by similar tradeoffs that constrain hydraulic properties across species.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dayer S, Peña JP, Gindro K, Torregrosa L, Voinesco F, Martínez L, Prieto JA, Zufferey V. Changes in leaf stomatal conductance, petiole hydraulics and vessel morphology in grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Chasselas) under different light and irrigation regimes. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:679-693. [PMID: 32480598 DOI: 10.1071/fp16041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic conductance and water transport in plants may be affected by environmental factors, which in turn regulate leaf gas exchange, plant growth and yield. In this study, we assessed the combined effects of radiation and water regimes on leaf stomatal conductance (gs), petiole specific hydraulic conductivity (Kpetiole) and anatomy (vessel number and size); and leaf aquaporin gene expression of field-grown grapevines at the Agroscope Research Station (Leytron, Switzerland). Chasselas vines were subjected to two radiation (sun and shade) levels combined with two water (irrigated and water-stressed) regimes. The sun and shade leaves received ~61.2 and 1.48molm-2day-1 of photosynthetically active radiation, respectively, during a clear-sky day. The irrigated vines were watered weekly from bloom to veraison whereas the water-stressed vines did not receive any irrigation during the season. Water stress reduced gs and Kpetiole relative to irrigated vines throughout the season. The petioles from water-stressed vines showed fewer large-sized vessels than those from irrigated vines. The shaded leaves from the irrigated vines exhibited a higher Kpetiole than the sun leaves at the end of the season, which was partially explained by a higher number of vessels per petiole and possibly by the upregulation of some of the aquaporins measured in the leaf. These results suggest that not only plant water status but also the light environment at the leaf level affected leaf and petiole hydraulics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Dayer
- INTA EEA Mendoza, San Martín 3853, Luján de Cuyo (5507), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jorge Perez Peña
- INTA EEA Mendoza, San Martín 3853, Luján de Cuyo (5507), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Katia Gindro
- Agroscope, Institut des sciences en production végétale IPV, Route de Duillier 50, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Torregrosa
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR AGAP - DAAV research group, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France
| | - Francine Voinesco
- Agroscope, Institut des sciences en production végétale IPV, Route de Duillier 50, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Liliana Martínez
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNCuyo, Almirante Brown 500, 5507 Chacras de Coria, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Prieto
- INTA EEA Mendoza, San Martín 3853, Luján de Cuyo (5507), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Vivian Zufferey
- Agroscope, Institut des sciences en production végétale IPV, Route de Duillier 50, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|