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Davoudi M, Song M, Zhang M, Chen J, Lou Q. Long-distance control of pumpkin rootstock over cucumber scion under drought stress as revealed by transcriptome sequencing and mobile mRNAs identifications. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab033. [PMID: 35043177 PMCID: PMC8854630 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Grafting with pumpkin rootstock is commonly used not only to improve the quality of cucumber fruits but also to confer biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism of grafted cucumbers to drought stress and the possible roles of mobile mRNAs to improve stress tolerance have remained obscure. Hence, we conducted transcriptome sequencing and combined it with morpho-physiological experiments to compare the response of homografts (cucumber as scion and rootstock) (C) and heterografts (cucumber as scion and pumpkin as rootstock) (P) to drought stress. After applying drought stress, homografts and heterografts expressed 2960 and 3088 genes in response to drought stress, respectively. The identified DEGs in heterografts under drought stress were categorized into different stress-responsive groups, such as carbohydrate metabolism (involved in osmotic adjustment by sugar accumulation), lipid and cell wall metabolism (involved in cell membrane integrity by a reduction in lipid peroxidation), redox homeostasis (increased antioxidant enzymes activities), phytohormone (increased ABA content), protein kinases and transcription factors (TFs) using MapMan software. Earlier and greater H2O2 accumulation in xylem below the graft union was accompanied by leaf ABA accumulation in heterografts in response to drought stress. Greater leaf ABA helped heterografted cucumbers to sense and respond to drought stress earlier than homografts. The timely response of heterografts to drought stress led to maintain higher water content in the leaves even in the late stage of drought stress. The identified mobile mRNAs (mb-mRNAs) in heterografts were mostly related to photosynthesis which would be the possible reason for improved chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). The existence of some stress-responsive pumpkin (rootstock) mRNAs in cucumber (scion), such as heat shock protein (HSP70, a well-known stress-responsive gene), led to the higher proline accumulation than homografts. The expression of the mobile and immobile stress-responsive mRNAs and timely response of heterografts to drought stress could improve drought tolerance in pumpkin-rooted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Davoudi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street 13 No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street 13 No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street 13 No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street 13 No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street 13 No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
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Tackling Salinity in Sustainable Agriculture—What Developing Countries May Learn from Approaches of the Developed World. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11174558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a common problem of the developing world as well as the developed world. However, the pace to reduce salinity is much slower in the developing world. The application of short-term approaches with an unsustainable supply of funds are the major reasons of low success. In contrast, the developed world has focused on long-term and sustainable techniques, and considerable funds per unit area have been allocated to reduce soil salinity. Here, we review the existing approaches in both worlds. Approaches like engineering and nutrient use were proven to be unsustainable, while limited breeding and biosaline approaches had little success in the developing countries. In contrast, advanced breeding and genetics tools were implemented in the developed countries to improve the salinity tolerance of different crops with more success. Resultantly, developed countries not only reduced the area for soil salinity at a higher rate, but more sustainable and cheaper ways to resolve the issue were implemented at the farmers’ field. Similarly, plant microbial approaches and the application of fertigation through drip irrigation have great potential for both worlds, and farmer participatory approaches are required to obtain fruitful outcomes. In this regard, a challenging issue is the transition of sustainable approaches from developed countries to developing ones, and possible methods for this are discussed.
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Wei T, Wang Y, Xie Z, Guo D, Chen C, Fan Q, Deng X, Liu J. Enhanced ROS scavenging and sugar accumulation contribute to drought tolerance of naturally occurring autotetraploids in Poncirus trifoliata. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1394-1407. [PMID: 30578709 PMCID: PMC6576089 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tetraploids have been reported to exhibit increased stress tolerance, but the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, autotetraploid plants were identified by screening natural seedlings of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). The tetraploids exhibited different morphology and displayed significantly enhanced drought and dehydration tolerance in comparison with the diploid progenitor. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a number of stress-responsive genes and pathways were differentially influenced and enriched in the tetraploids, in particular those coding for enzymes related to antioxidant process and sugar metabolism. Transcript levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and sucrose-hydrolysing enzyme (vacuolar invertase) were increased in the tetraploids upon exposure to the drought, concomitant with greater levels of glucose but lower level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These data indicate that the tetraploids might undergo extensive transcriptome reprogramming of genes involved in ROS scavenging and sugar metabolism, which contributes, synergistically or independently, to the enhanced stress tolerance of the tetraploid. Our results reveal that the tetraploids take priority over the diploid for stress tolerance by maintaining a more robust system of ROS detoxification and osmotic adjustment via elevating antioxidant capacity and sugar accumulation in comparison with the diploid counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonglu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dayong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chuanwu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus BiologyGuangxi Academy of Specialty CropsGuilinChina
| | - Qijun Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus BiologyGuangxi Academy of Specialty CropsGuilinChina
| | - Xiaodong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ji‐Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Georgii E, Jin M, Zhao J, Kanawati B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Albert A, Winkler JB, Schäffner AR. Relationships between drought, heat and air humidity responses revealed by transcriptome-metabolome co-analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:120. [PMID: 28693422 PMCID: PMC5504741 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated temperature and reduced water availability are frequently linked abiotic stresses that may provoke distinct as well as interacting molecular responses. Based on non-targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic measurements from Arabidopsis rosettes, this study aims at a systematic elucidation of relevant components in different drought and heat scenarios as well as relationships between molecular players of stress response. RESULTS In combined drought-heat stress, the majority of single stress responses are maintained. However, interaction effects between drought and heat can be discovered as well; these relate to protein folding, flavonoid biosynthesis and growth inhibition, which are enhanced, reduced or specifically induced in combined stress, respectively. Heat stress experiments with and without supplementation of air humidity for maintenance of vapor pressure deficit suggest that decreased relative air humidity due to elevated temperature is an important component of heat stress, specifically being responsible for hormone-related responses to water deprivation. Remarkably, this "dry air effect" is the primary trigger of the metabolomic response to heat. In contrast, the transcriptomic response has a substantial temperature component exceeding the dry air component and including up-regulation of many transcription factors and protein folding-related genes. Data level integration independent of prior knowledge on pathways and condition labels reveals shared drought and heat responses between transcriptome and metabolome, biomarker candidates and co-regulation between genes and metabolic compounds, suggesting novel players in abiotic stress response pathways. CONCLUSIONS Drought and heat stress interact both at transcript and at metabolite response level. A comprehensive, non-targeted view of this interaction as well as non-interacting processes is important to be taken into account when improving tolerance to abiotic stresses in breeding programs. Transcriptome and metabolome may respond with different extent to individual stress components. Their contrasting behavior in response to temperature stress highlights that the protein folding machinery effectively shields the metabolism from stress. Disentangling the complex relationships between transcriptome and metabolome in response to stress is an enormous challenge. As demonstrated by case studies with supporting evidence from additional data, the large dataset provided in this study may assist in determining linked genetic and metabolic features as candidates for future mechanistic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Georgii
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ming Jin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jin Zhao
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Basem Kanawati
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr, 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr, 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Albert
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Ingolstädter Landstr, 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Barbro Winkler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Ingolstädter Landstr, 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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