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Liu S, Wu Z, Yang T, Xu J, Aishan S, Qin E, Ma K, Liu J, Qin R, Wang J, Tie J, Liu H. The Chrysosplenium sinicum genome provides insights into adaptive evolution of shade plants. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1004. [PMID: 39152309 PMCID: PMC11329650 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrysosplenium sinicum, a traditional Tibetan medicinal plant, can successfully thrive in low-light environments for long periods of time. To investigate the adaptive evolution of shade plants in low-light environments, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly (~320 Mb) for C. sinicum by combining PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technologies. Based on our results, gene families related to photosynthesis and cell respiration greatly expanded and evolved in C. sinicum genome due to intracellular DNA transfer from organelle genome to nuclear genome. Under positive selective pressure, adaptive evolution of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) component protein CsLhcb1s resulted in the expansion of threonine residues at the phosphorylation site of STN7 kinase, potentially establishing a crucial genomic foundation for enhancing C. sinicum's adaptability in low-light environments. Through transcriptome and metabolome analysis, we identified chrysosplenol and chrysosplenoside as predominant flavonoid metabolites of C. sinicum and predicted their synthesis pathways. In addition, analysis of alternative splicing (AS) revealed that AS events help regulate state transition and flavonoid biosynthesis. The present study provides new insights into the genomes of shade plants exposed to low-light conditions and adaptive evolution of these genomes; in addition, the results improve our current knowledge on the biosynthetic and regulatory processes of chrysosplenol and chrysosplenoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Tiange Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jindong Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saimire Aishan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Erdai Qin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Ma
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangqing Wang
- College of Computer Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Tie
- College of Computer Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China.
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Chang J, Wei P, Tian M, Zou Y, Zhang S. The responses and tolerance of photosynthetic system in Chlorella vulgaris to the pharmaceutical pollutant carbamazepine. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142608. [PMID: 38878981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Screening for sensitive toxicological indicators and understanding algal tolerance to pharmaceutical contaminants (PhCs) are essential for assessing PhCs risk and their removal by microalgae. Carbamazepine (CBZ) showed adverse effects on microalgae, but the specific toxicity mechanisms on the most sensitive algal photosynthetic system (PS) remain limited. This study delved into the impact of CBZ exposure on the growth, cell viability, pigment content, and PS of Chlorella vulgaris. The findings revealed a notable inhibition of C. vulgaris growth by CBZ, with an IC50 value of 27.2 mg/L at 96 h. CBZ exposure induced algal membrane damage and cell viability. Intriguingly, CBZ drastically diminished intracellular pigment levels, notably showing "low promotion and high inhibition" of chlorophyll b (Chl b) by 72 h. Moreover, the study identified a decreased number of active reaction centers (RCs) within algal PSII alongside inhibited electron transport from QA to QB on the PSII receptor side, leading to PSII disruption. As an adaptive response to CBZ stress, C. vulgaris stimulated its Chl b synthesis, increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and adapted its tolerance to bright light. Additionally, the alga attempted to compensate for the CBZ-induced reduction in electron transfer efficiency at the PSII receptor side and light energy utilization by increasing its electron transfer from downstream. Principal component analysis (PCA) further verified that the parameters on non-photochemical dissipation, electron transport, and integrative performance were the most sensitive algal toxicological indicators for CBZ exposure, and algal PS has energy protection capability through negative feedback regulation. However, prolonged exposure to high doses of CBZ will eventually result in permanent damage to the algal PS. Hence, attention should be paid to the concentration of CBZ in the effluent and the exposure time, while methods to mitigate algal photodamage should be appropriately sought for algal treatment of dense effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Peiling Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Meng Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Ying Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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Ashikhmin A, Bolshakov M, Pashkovskiy P, Vereshchagin M, Khudyakova A, Shirshikova G, Kozhevnikova A, Kosobryukhov A, Kreslavski V, Kuznetsov V, Allakhverdiev SI. The Adaptive Role of Carotenoids and Anthocyanins in Solanum lycopersicum Pigment Mutants under High Irradiance. Cells 2023; 12:2569. [PMID: 37947647 PMCID: PMC10650732 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of high-intensity light on the pigment content, photosynthetic rate, and fluorescence parameters of photosystem II in high-pigment tomato mutants (hp 3005) and low-pigment mutants (lp 3617) were investigated. This study also evaluated the dry weight percentage of low molecular weight antioxidant capacity, expression patterns of some photoreceptor-regulated genes, and structural aspects of leaf mesophyll cells. The 3005 mutant displayed increased levels of photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins, whereas the 3617 mutant demonstrated a heightened content of ultraviolet-absorbing pigments. The photosynthetic rate, photosystem II activity, antioxidant capacity, and carotenoid content were most pronounced in the high-pigment mutant after 72 h exposure to intense light. This mutant also exhibited an increase in leaf thickness and water content when exposed to high-intensity light, suggesting superior physiological adaptability and reduced photoinhibition. Our findings indicate that the enhanced adaptability of the high-pigment mutant might be attributed to increased flavonoid and carotenoid contents, leading to augmented expression of key genes associated with pigment synthesis and light regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ashikhmin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Maksim Bolshakov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Mikhail Vereshchagin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Alexandra Khudyakova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Galina Shirshikova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Anna Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Anatoliy Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
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Li D, Yu F, Zhang Y, Hu K, Dai D, Song S, Zhang F, Sa R, Lian H, Sheng Y. Integrative analysis of different low-light-tolerant cucumber lines in response to low-light stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1093859. [PMID: 36743563 PMCID: PMC9891299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1093859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low light stress inhibits plant growth due to a line of physiological disruptions in plants, and is one of the major barriers to protected cucumber cultivation in northern China. METHODS To comprehensively understand the responses of cucumber seedlings to low-light stress, the low-light-tolerant line (M67) and The low-light-sensitive line (M14) were conducted for the analysis of photosynthetic phenotype, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and the expression level of photosynthesis-related genes in leaves under low-light stress and normal light condition (control). RESULTS The results showed that there was a sharp decrease in the photosynthate accumulation in the leaves of the sensitive line, M14, resulting in a large decrease in the photosynthetic rate (Pn) (with 31.99%) of leaves compared to that of the control, which may have been caused by damage to chloroplast ultrastructure or a decrease in chlorophyll (Chl) content. However, under the same low-light treatment, there was no large drop in the photosynthate accumulation and even no decrease in Pn and Chl content for the tolerant line, M67. Moreover, results of gene expression analysis showed that the expression level of genes CsPsbQ (the photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3 gene) and Csgamma (ATPase, F1 complex gene) in the M14 leaves decreased sharply (by 35.04% and 30.58%, respectively) compared with the levels in the M67 leaves, which decreased by 14.78% and 23.61%, respectively. The expression levels of genes involved in Chl synthesis and carbohydrate biosynthesis in the leaves of M14 decreased markedly after low-light treatment; in contrast, there were no sharp decreases or changes in leaves of M67. DISCUSSION Over all, the ability of cucumber to respond to low-light stress, as determined on the basis of the degree of damage in leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure, which corresponded to decreased gene expression levels and ATP phosphorylase activity, significantly differed between different low-light-tolerant lines, which was manifested as significant differences in photosynthetic capacity between them. Results of this study will be a reference for comprehensive insight into the physiological mechanism involved in the low-light tolerance of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- *Correspondence: Dandan Li, ; Yunyan Sheng,
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Senavirathna MDHJ, Jayasekara MADD. Temporal variation of 2-MIB and geosmin production by Pseudanabaena galeata and Phormidium ambiguum exposed to high-intensity light. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10834. [PMID: 36635233 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the temporal variation of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM) production of two filamentous cyanobacteria species Pseudanabaena galeata (NIES-512; planktonic) and Phormidium ambiguum (NIES-2119; benthic) exposed to high light intensity (950-1000 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetically active radiation). The production of 2-MIB and GSM was quantified together with oxidative stress, chlorophyll content, and cellular protein content. The relative chlorophyll bleaching and cell degradations were compared through microscopic images. The 2-MIB production of P. galeata increased by over 42 ± 17% on the second day of exposure and remained leveled through the exposure period. P. ambiguum showed a continuous increase of 2-MIB until the 10th day, recording a 95 ± 4% increment. The GSM production was elevated until the fourth day of exposure by 46 ± 10% for P. galeata and by 74 ± 21% on the second day for P. ambiguum and reduced with prolonged exposure for both species. The chlorophyll content of P. galeata was reduced by 62 ± 7% on the second day, and that of P. ambiguum was reduced by 52 ± 9% on the fourth day and remained low. Protein and H2 O2 contents of both species were changed inconsistently. Exposure to high-intensity light can photobleach and deteriorate cells of both species, but elevations in odorous compounds can be expected.
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An J, Wei X, Huo H. Transcriptome analysis reveals the accelerated expression of genes related to photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis contribution to shade-tolerant in Phoebe bournei. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:268. [PMID: 35650536 PMCID: PMC9158164 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phoebe bournei (P. bournei) is an important and endemic wood species in China. However, the plantation, nursing, and preservation of P. bournei are often affected by light. To investigate its physiological changes and molecular mechanism of low light tolerance, two-year-old P. bournei seedlings were subjected to different shading conditions. With the increase of light intensity in the shade, the leaf color of P. bournei seedlings became darkened, the aboveground/underground biomass significantly increased, the content of chlorophyll increased and the net photosynthetic rate significantly increased. RESULTS de novo transcriptome analysis showed that 724 and 3,248 genes were differentially expressed due to low light intensity at T1 (35% light exposure) and T2 (10% light exposure), respectively, when compared to the controls. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were implicated in photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum by functional enrichment analysis. Moreover, the expression of HSP, CAB, HEMA1, GSA, DVR, MYB, bHLH, PORA, CAO, GLK, and photosystem I and II complex-related genes significantly increased after low light exposure at T2 and T1. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the rapid growth of P. bournei seedlings under shading conditions may be the result of the accelerated expression of genes related to photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis, which enable plants to maintain a high photosynthesis rate even under low light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Geography & Environmental Science College, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Honghao Huo
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Quantifying the long-term interplay between photoprotection and repair mechanisms sustaining photosystem II activity. Biochem J 2022; 479:701-717. [PMID: 35234841 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The photosystem II reaction centre (RCII) protein subunit D1 is the main target of light-induced damage in the thylakoid membrane. As such, it is constantly replaced with newly synthesised proteins, in a process dubbed the 'D1 repair cycle'. The mechanism of relief of excitation energy pressure on RCII, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), is activated to prevent damage. The contribution of the D1 repair cycle and NPQ in preserving the photochemical efficiency of RCII is currently unclear. In this work, we seek to (1) quantify the relative long-term effectiveness of photoprotection offered by NPQ and the D1 repair cycle, and (2) determine the fraction of sustained decrease in RCII activity that is due to long-term protective processes. We found that while under short-term, sunfleck-mimicking illumination, NPQ is substantially more effective in preserving RCII activity than the D1 repair cycle (Plant. Cell Environ. 41, 1098-1112, 2018). Under prolonged constant illumination, its contribution is less pronounced, accounting only for up to 30% of RCII protection, while D1 repair assumes a predominant role. Exposure to a wide range of light intensities yields comparable results, highlighting the crucial role of a constant and rapid D1 turnover for the maintenance of RCII efficiency. The interplay between NPQ and D1 repair cycle is crucial to grant complete phototolerance to plants under low and moderate light intensities, and limit damage to photosystem II under high light. Additionally, we disentangled and quantified the contribution of a slowly-reversible NPQ component that does not impair RCII activity, and is therefore protective.
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Colpo A, Baldisserotto C, Pancaldi S, Sabia A, Ferroni L. Photosystem II photoinhibition and photoprotection in a lycophyte, Selaginella martensii. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13604. [PMID: 34811759 PMCID: PMC9300044 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Lycophyte Selaginella martensii efficiently acclimates to diverse light environments, from deep shade to full sunlight. The plant does not modulate the abundance of the Light Harvesting Complex II, mostly found as a free trimer, and does not alter the maximum capacity of thermal dissipation (NPQ). Nevertheless, the photoprotection is expected to be modulatable upon long-term light acclimation to preserve the photosystems (PSII, PSI). The effects of long-term light acclimation on PSII photoprotection were investigated using the chlorophyll fluorometric method known as "photochemical quenching measured in the dark" (qPd ). Singularly high-qPd values at relatively low irradiance suggest a heterogeneous antenna system (PSII antenna uncoupling). The extent of antenna uncoupling largely depends on the light regime, reaching the highest value in sun-acclimated plants. In parallel, the photoprotective NPQ (pNPQ) increased from deep-shade to high-light grown plants. It is proposed that the differences in the long-term modulation in the photoprotective capacity are proportional to the amount of uncoupled LHCII. In deep-shade plants, the inconsistency between invariable maximum NPQ and lower pNPQ is attributed to the thermal dissipation occurring in the PSII core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Colpo
- Department of Environmental and Prevention SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara
| | | | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara
| | - Alessandra Sabia
- Department of Environmental and Prevention SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara
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Joun J, Hong ME, Sirohi R, Sim SJ. Enhanced biomass production through a repeated sequential auto-and heterotrophic culture mode in Chlorella protothecoides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125532. [PMID: 34274588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A repeated sequential auto-and heterotrophic (RSAH) culture mode was designed to enhancebiomass ofChlorella protothecoides. Based on the result that the photosynthesis system may receive damage if the light period is more than 16 h, autotrophy was applied in the 16 h of the light cycle and mixotrophy using acetic acid and glucose in the 8 h of dark cycle. In the dark cycle, an organic carbon source was added according to the Monod equation to maintain activation of the TCA cycle and organic carbon source-to-cell conversion. When acetic acid and glucose were used as organic carbon sources, this culture method was found to be 32.3% and 12.6% higher in biomass, 2.59 and 2.67 times higher in the organic carbon source-to-cell conversion factor, and 2.17 and 2.32 times higher in ATP/ADP ratio, respectively, compared to mixotrophy. Through this new culture method, economic feasibility and carbon reduction capabilities in large-scale cultures can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Joun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Eui Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Steen CJ, Morris JM, Short AH, Niyogi KK, Fleming GR. Complex Roles of PsbS and Xanthophylls in the Regulation of Nonphotochemical Quenching in Arabidopsis thaliana under Fluctuating Light. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10311-10325. [PMID: 33166148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protection of photosystem II against damage from excess light by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) includes responses on a wide range of timescales. The onset of the various phases of NPQ overlap in time making it difficult to discern if they influence each other or involve different photophysical mechanisms. To unravel the complex relationship of the known actors in NPQ, we perform fluorescence lifetime snapshot measurements throughout multiple cycles of alternating 2 min periods of high light and darkness. By comparing the data with an empirically based mathematical model that describes both fast and slow quenching responses, we suggest that the rapidly reversible quenching response depends on the state of the slower response. By studying a series of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, we find that removing zeaxanthin (Zea) or enhancing PsbS concentration, for example, influences the amplitudes of the slow quenching induction and recovery, but not the timescales. The plants' immediate response to high light appears independent of the illumination history, while PsbS and Zea have distinct roles in both quenching and recovery. We further identify two parameters in our model that predominately influence the recovery amplitude and propose that our approach may prove useful for screening new mutants or overexpressors with enhanced biomass yields under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J Steen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan M Morris
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Graduate Group in Applied Science & Technology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Audrey H Short
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Graduate Group in Applied Science & Technology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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11
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Liu Y, Pan T, Tang Y, Zhuang Y, Liu Z, Li P, Li H, Huang W, Tu S, Ren G, Wang T, Wang S. Proteomic Analysis of Rice Subjected to Low Light Stress and Overexpression of OsGAPB Increases the Stress Tolerance. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:30. [PMID: 32488648 PMCID: PMC7266901 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light provides the energy for photosynthesis and determines plant morphogenesis and development. Low light compromises photosynthetic efficiency and leads to crop yield loss. It remains unknown how rice responds to low light stress at a proteomic level. RESULTS In this study, the quantitative proteomic analysis with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used and 1221 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified from wild type rice plants grown in control or low light condition (17% light intensity of control), respectively. Bioinformatic analysis of DEPs indicated low light remarkably affects the abundance of chloroplastic proteins. Specifically, the proteins involved in carbon fixation (Calvin cycle), electron transport, and ATPase complex are severely downregulated under low light. Furthermore, overexpression of the downregulated gene encoding rice β subunit of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (OsGAPB), an enzyme in Calvin cycle, significantly increased the CO2 assimilation rate, chlorophyll content and fresh weight under low light conditions but have no obvious effect on rice growth and development under control light. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that low light stress on vegetative stage of rice inhibits photosynthesis possibly by decreasing the photosynthetic proteins and OsGAPB gene is a good candidate for manipulating rice tolerance to low light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxuan Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuying Tang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Weizao Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengbin Tu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangjun Ren
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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12
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Murchie EH, Ruban AV. Dynamic non-photochemical quenching in plants: from molecular mechanism to productivity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:885-896. [PMID: 31686424 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotection refers to a set of well defined plant processes that help to prevent the deleterious effects of high and excess light on plant cells, especially within the chloroplast. Molecular components of chloroplast photoprotection are closely aligned with those of photosynthesis and together they influence productivity. Proof of principle now exists that major photoprotective processes such as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) directly determine whole canopy photosynthesis, biomass and yield via prevention of photoinhibition and a momentary downregulation of photosynthetic quantum yield. However, this phenomenon has neither been quantified nor well characterized across different environments. Here we address this problem by assessing the existing literature with a different approach to that taken previously, beginning with our understanding of the molecular mechanism of NPQ and its regulation within dynamic environments. We then move to the leaf and the plant level, building an understanding of the circumstances (when and where) NPQ limits photosynthesis and linking to our understanding of how this might take place on a molecular and metabolic level. We argue that such approaches are needed to fine tune the relevant features necessary for improving dynamic NPQ in important crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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13
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Upadhyaya S, Rao BJ. Reciprocal regulation of photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration by TOR kinase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00184. [PMID: 31832599 PMCID: PMC6854518 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
While the role of TOR kinase in the chloroplast biogenesis and transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis is well documented in Arabidopsis, the functional relevance of this metabolic sensor kinase in chloroplast-mitochondria cross talk is unknown. Using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as the model system, we demonstrate the role of TOR kinase in the regulation of chloroplast and mitochondrial functions: We show that TOR kinase inhibition impairs the maintenance of high ETR associated with PSII and low NPQ and inhibits efficient state transitions between PSII and PSI. While compromised photosynthetic functions are observed in TOR kinase inhibited cells, same conditions lead to augmentation in mitochondrial basal respiration rate by twofold and concomitantly a rise in ATP production. Interestingly, such upregulated mitochondrial functions in TOR-inhibited cells are mediated by fragmented mitochondria via upregulating COXIIb and downregulating Hxk1 and AOX1 protein levels. We propose that TOR kinase may act as a sensor that counter-regulates chloroplast versus mitochondrial functions in a normal C. reinhardtii cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Upadhyaya
- Department of Biological SciencesTata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)MumbaiIndia
| | - Basuthkar Jagadeeshwar Rao
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) TirupatiTransit Campus: Sree Rama Engineering CollegeTirupatiIndia
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14
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Pinnola A. The rise and fall of Light-Harvesting Complex Stress-Related proteins as photoprotection agents during evolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5527-5535. [PMID: 31424076 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis depends on light. However, excess light can be harmful for the photosynthetic apparatus because it produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause photoinhibition. Oxygenic organisms evolved photoprotection mechanisms to counteract light-dependent ROS production, including preventive dissipation of excited states of chlorophyll (1Chl*) into heat in the process termed non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). This consists in the activation of 1Chl* quenching reactions when the thylakoid luminal pH drops below 5.2. In turn, acidification occurs when the rate of the CO2 reducing cycle is saturated and cannot regenerate ADP+Pi, thus inhibiting ATPase activity and the return of protons (H+) to the stromal compartment. The major and fastest component of NPQ is energy quenching, qE, which in algae depends on the Light-Harvesting Complex Stress-Related (LHCSR) proteins. In mosses, LHCSR proteins have remained the major catalysts of energy dissipation, but a minor contribution also occurs via a homologous protein, Photosystem II Subunit S (PSBS). In vascular plants, however, LHCSR has disappeared and PSBS is the only pH-sensitive trigger of qE. Why did PSBS replace LHCSR in the later stages of land colonization? Both PSBS and LHCSR belong to the Light Harvesting Complex superfamily (LHC) and share properties such as harboring protonatable residues that are exposed to the chloroplast lumen, which is essential for pH sensing. However, there are also conspicuous differences: LHCSR binds chlorophylls and xanthophylls while PSBS does not, implying that the former may well catalyse quenching reactions while the latter needs pigment-binding partners for its quenching function. Here, the evolution of quenching mechanisms for excess light is reviewed with a focus on the role of LHCSR versus PSBS, and the reasons for the redundancy of LHCSR in vascular plants as PSBS became established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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15
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Hamdani S, Khan N, Perveen S, Qu M, Jiang J, Zhu XG. Changes in the photosynthesis properties and photoprotection capacity in rice (Oryza sativa) grown under red, blue, or white light. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:107-121. [PMID: 30456488 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited state of chlorophyll a is a major photoprotective mechanism plants utilize to survive under high light. Here, we report the impact of long-term light quality treatment on photosynthetic properties, especially NPQ in rice. We used three LED-based light regimes, i.e., red (648-672 nm), blue (438-460 nm), and "warm" white light (529-624 nm), with the incident photon flux density of 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1, the difference in the absorbed photon flux densities by leaves grown under different light quality being less than 7%. Our results show that blue light, as compared to white light, induced a significant decrease in Fv/Fm, a decreased rate of reduction of P700+ after P700 was completely oxidized; furthermore, blue light also induced higher NPQ with an increased initial speed of NPQ induction, which corresponds to the qE component of NPQ, and a lower maximum quantum yield of PSII, i.e., Y(II). In contrast, rice grown under long-term red light showed decreased Y(II) and increased NPQ, but with no change in Fv/Fm. Furthermore, we found that rice grown under either blue or red light showed decreased transcript abundance of both catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, together with an increased H2O2 content, as compared to rice grown under white light. All these data suggest that even under a moderate incident light level, rice grown under blue or red light led to compromised antioxidant system, which contributed to decreased quantum yield of photosystem II and increased NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Hamdani
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Naveed Khan
- Max-Planck Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingnan Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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16
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Pinnola A, Alboresi A, Nosek L, Semchonok D, Rameez A, Trotta A, Barozzi F, Kouřil R, Dall'Osto L, Aro EM, Boekema EJ, Bassi R. A LHCB9-dependent photosystem I megacomplex induced under low light in Physcomitrella patens. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:910-919. [PMID: 30374091 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I of the moss Physcomitrella patens has special properties, including the capacity to undergo non-photochemical fluorescence quenching. We studied the organization of photosystem I under different light and carbon supply conditions in wild-type moss and in moss with the lhcb9 (light-harvesting complex) knockout genotype, which lacks an antenna protein endowed with red-shifted absorption forms. Wild-type moss, when grown on sugars and in low light, accumulated LHCB9 proteins and a large form of the photosystem I supercomplex, which, besides the canonical four LHCI subunits, included a LHCII trimer and four additional LHC monomers. The lhcb9 knockout produced an angiosperm-like photosystem I supercomplex with four LHCI subunits irrespective of the growth conditions. Growth in the presence of sublethal concentrations of electron transport inhibitors that caused oxidation or reduction of the plastoquinone pool prevented or promoted, respectively, the accumulation of LHCB9 and the formation of the photosystem I megacomplex. We suggest that LHCB9 is a key subunit regulating the antenna size of photosystem I and the ability to avoid the over-reduction of plastoquinone: this condition is potentially dangerous in the shaded and sunfleck-rich environment typical of mosses, whose plastoquinone pool is reduced by both photosystem II and the oxidation of sugar substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani'(DBB), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Lukáš Nosek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Semchonok
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arshad Rameez
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Fabrizio Barozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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