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Siadjeu C, Kadereit G. C 4-like Sesuvium sesuvioides (Aizoaceae) exhibits CAM in cotyledons and putative C 4-like + CAM metabolism in adult leaves as revealed by transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:688. [PMID: 39003461 PMCID: PMC11245778 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-occurrence of C4 and CAM photosynthesis in a single species seems to be unusual and rare. This is likely due to the difficulty in effectively co-regulating both pathways. Here, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves and cotyledons of the C4-like species Sesuvium sesuvioides (Aizoaceae) using RNA-seq. RESULTS When compared to cotyledons, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 4 (PEPC4) and some key C4 genes were found to be up-regulated in leaves. During the day, the expression of NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) was significantly higher in cotyledons than in leaves. The titratable acidity confirmed higher acidity in the morning than in the previous evening indicating the induction of weak CAM in cotyledons by environmental conditions. Comparison of the leaves of S. sesuvioides (C4-like) and S. portulacastrum (C3) revealed that PEPC1 was significantly higher in S. sesuvioides, while PEPC3 and PEPC4 were up-regulated in S. portulacastrum. Finally, potential key regulatory elements involved in the C4-like and CAM pathways were identified. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a new species in which C4-like and CAM co-occur and raise the question if this phenomenon is indeed so rare or just hard to detect and probably more common in succulent C4 lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Siadjeu
- Prinzessin Therese von Bayern Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, Munich, 80638, Germany.
| | - Gudrun Kadereit
- Prinzessin Therese von Bayern Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, Munich, 80638, Germany
- Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg Und Botanische Staatssammlung München, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, Menzinger Str. 65, Munich, 80638, Germany
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2
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Zhang W, Wang D, Cao D, Chen J, Wei X. Exploring the potentials of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. for edibility and bioremediation of saline soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1387102. [PMID: 38916037 PMCID: PMC11194377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1387102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Sesuvium portulacastrum L. is a flowering succulent halophyte in the ice plant family Aizoaceae. There are various ecotypes distributed in sandy coastlines and salty marshlands in tropical and subtropical regions with the common name of sea purslane. These plants are tolerant to salt, drought, and flooding stresses and have been used for the stabilization of sand dunes and the restoration of coastal areas. With the increased salinization of agricultural soils and the widespread pollution of toxic metals in the environment, as well as excessive nutrients in waterbodies, S. portulacastrum has been explored for the desalination of saline soils and the phytoremediation of metals from contaminated soils and nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophic water. In addition, sea purslane has nutraceutical and pharmaceutical value. Tissue analysis indicates that many ecotypes are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and mineral nutrients. Native Americans in Florida eat it raw, pickled, or cooked. In the Philippines, it is known as atchara after being pickled. S. portulacastrum contains high levels of ecdysteroids, which possess antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities in mammals. In this review article, we present the botanical information, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the tolerance of sea purslane to different stresses, its nutritional and pharmaceutical value, and the methods for its propagation and production in saline soils and waterbodies. Its adaptability to a wide range of stressful environments and its role in the production of valuable bioactive compounds suggest that S. portulacastrum can be produced in saline soils as a leafy vegetable and is a valuable genetic resource that can be used for the bioremediation of soil salinity and eutrophic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhang
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dingding Cao
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Xiangying Wei
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou, China
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Winter K, Holtum JAM. Shifting photosynthesis between the fast and slow lane: Facultative CAM and water-deficit stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 294:154185. [PMID: 38373389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Five decades ago, the first report of a shift from C3 to CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) photosynthesis following the imposition of stress was published in this journal. The annual, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Aizoaceae), was shown to be a C3 plant when grown under non-saline conditions, and a CAM plant when exposed to high soil salinity. This observation of environmentally triggered CAM eventually led to the introduction of the term facultative CAM, which categorises CAM that is induced or upregulated in response to water-deficit stress and is lost or downregulated when the stress is removed. Reversibility of C3-to-CAM shifts distinguishes stress-driven facultative-CAM responses from purely ontogenetic increases of CAM activity. We briefly review how the understanding of facultative CAM has developed, evaluate the current state of knowledge, and highlight questions of continuing interest. We demonstrate that the long-lived leaves of a perennial facultative-CAM arborescent species, Clusia pratensis, can repeatedly switch between C3 and CAM in response to multiple wet-dry-wet cycles. Undoubtedly, this is a dedicated response to environment, independent of ontogeny. We highlight the potential for engineering facultative CAM into C3 crops to provide a flexible capacity for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama.
| | - Joseph A M Holtum
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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4
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Kulkarni J, Sahoo SA, Herzyk P, Barvkar VT, Kumar SA, Ravichandran J, Samal A, Amtmann A, Borde M, Suprasanna P, Srivastava AK. Early-responsive molecular signatures associated with halophytic adaptation in Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:961-975. [PMID: 38044749 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) is a halophyte, adapted to grow naturally under saline environments. The ability to use Na and K interchangeably indicated its facultative halophyte nature. No significant growth reduction occurs in seedlings up to 250 mM NaCl, except for curling of the youngest leaf. Within 8 h of salt treatment, seedlings accumulate proline, glycine betaine and other amino acids in both root and shoot. Despite a continued increase of tissue Na content, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) decreases between 8 and 24 h of salt exposure, indicating transcriptional restoration after the initial osmotic challenge. At 8 h, upregulated genes mainly encode transporters and transcription factors, while genes in growth-related pathways such as photosynthesis and ribosome-associated biogenesis are suppressed. Overexpression of SpRAB18 (an ABA-responsive dehydrin), one of the most strongly induced DEGs, in soybean was found to increase biomass in control conditions and the growth benefit was maintained when plants were grown in 100 mM NaCl, indicating conservation of function in halophyte and glycophyte. An open-access transcriptome database "SesuviumKB" (https://cb.imsc.res.in/sesuviumkb/) was developed to involve the scientific community in wide-scale functional studies of S. portulacastrum genes, that could pave the way to engineer salt tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Kulkarni
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sripati A Sahoo
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Pawel Herzyk
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sanjukta A Kumar
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Janani Ravichandran
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Areejit Samal
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Anna Amtmann
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mahesh Borde
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish K Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Holtum JAM. The diverse diaspora of CAM: a pole-to-pole sketch. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:597-625. [PMID: 37303205 PMCID: PMC10800000 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is a successful adaptation that has evolved often in angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns and lycophytes. Present in ~5 % of vascular plants, the CAM diaspora includes all continents apart from Antarctica. Species with CAM inhabit most landscapes colonized by vascular plants, from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego, from below sea level to 4800 m a.s.l., from rainforests to deserts. They have colonized terrestrial, epiphytic, lithophytic, palustrine and aquatic systems, developing perennial, annual or geophyte strategies that can be structurally arborescent, shrub, forb, cladode, epiphyte, vine or leafless with photosynthetic roots. CAM can enhance survival by conserving water, trapping carbon, reducing carbon loss and/or via photoprotection. SCOPE This review assesses the phylogenetic diversity and historical biogeography of selected lineages with CAM, i.e. ferns, gymnosperms and eumagnoliids, Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Aizoaceae, Portulacineae (Montiaceae, Basellaceae, Halophytaceae, Didiereaceae, Talinaceae, Portulacaceae, Anacampserotaceae and Cactaceae) and aquatics. CONCLUSIONS Most extant CAM lineages diversified after the Oligocene/Miocene, as the planet dried and CO2 concentrations dropped. Radiations exploited changing ecological landscapes, including Andean emergence, Panamanian Isthmus closure, Sundaland emergence and submergence, changing climates and desertification. Evidence remains sparse for or against theories that CAM biochemistry tends to evolve before pronounced changes in anatomy and that CAM tends to be a culminating xerophytic trait. In perennial taxa, any form of CAM can occur depending upon the lineage and the habitat, although facultative CAM appears uncommon in epiphytes. CAM annuals lack strong CAM. In CAM annuals, C3 + CAM predominates, and inducible or facultative CAM is common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A M Holtum
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD4811, Australia
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6
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Berasategui JA, Žerdoner Čalasan A, Zizka A, Kadereit G. Global distribution, climatic preferences and photosynthesis-related traits of C 4 eudicots and how they differ from those of C 4 grasses. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10720. [PMID: 37964791 PMCID: PMC10641307 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
C₄ is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in flowering plants. It evolved independently more than 61 times in multiple angiosperm lineages and consists of a series of anatomical and biochemical modifications to the ancestral C3 pathway increasing plant productivity under warm and light-rich conditions. The C4 lineages of eudicots belong to seven orders and 15 families, are phylogenetically less constrained than those of monocots and entail an enormous structural and ecological diversity. Eudicot C4 lineages likely evolved the C4 syndrome along different evolutionary paths. Therefore, a better understanding of this diversity is key to understanding the evolution of this complex trait as a whole. By compiling 1207 recognised C4 eudicots species described in the literature and presenting trait data among these species, we identify global centres of species richness and of high phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, we discuss climatic preferences in the context of plant functional traits. We identify two hotspots of C4 eudicot diversity: arid regions of Mexico/Southern United States and Australia, which show a similarly high number of different C4 eudicot genera but differ in the number of C4 lineages that evolved in situ. Further eudicot C4 hotspots with many different families and genera are in South Africa, West Africa, Patagonia, Central Asia and the Mediterranean. In general, C4 eudicots are diverse in deserts and xeric shrublands, tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands. We found C4 eudicots to occur in areas with less annual precipitation than C4 grasses which can be explained by frequently associated adaptations to drought stress such as among others succulence and salt tolerance. The data indicate that C4 eudicot lineages utilising the NAD-ME decarboxylating enzyme grow in drier areas than those using the NADP-ME decarboxylating enzyme indicating biochemical restrictions of the later system in higher temperatures. We conclude that in most eudicot lineages, C4 evolved in ancestrally already drought-adapted clades and enabled these to further spread in these habitats and colonise even drier areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Berasategui
- Prinzessin Therese von Bayern Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der PflanzenLudwig‐Maximilians Universität MünchenMünchenGermany
- Institute for Molecular PhysiologyJohannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Anže Žerdoner Čalasan
- Prinzessin Therese von Bayern Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der PflanzenLudwig‐Maximilians Universität MünchenMünchenGermany
| | - Alexander Zizka
- Department of BiologyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Gudrun Kadereit
- Prinzessin Therese von Bayern Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der PflanzenLudwig‐Maximilians Universität MünchenMünchenGermany
- Botanischer Garten München‐Nymphenburg und Botanische Staatssammlung MünchenStaatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen BayernsMünchenGermany
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7
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Winter K, Garcia M, Virgo A, Smith JAC. Low-level CAM photosynthesis in a succulent-leaved member of the Urticaceae, Pilea peperomioides. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:683-690. [PMID: 33287950 DOI: 10.1071/fp20151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pilea peperomioides Diels (Urticaceae) is a semi-succulent herbaceous species native to south-western China that has become popular in cultivation as an ornamental plant. To investigate whether this species possesses the capacity for CAM photosynthesis, measurements were made of CO2 gas exchange and titratable acidity in plants under both well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Plants were found to assimilate CO2 almost exclusively in the light via C3 photosynthesis. However, distinct transient reductions in the rate of net nocturnal CO2 release were consistently observed during the course of the dark period, and under water-deficit conditions one plant exhibited a brief period of net nocturnal CO2 uptake, providing unequivocal evidence of CAM activity. Furthermore, nocturnal increases in titratable acidity in both leaf laminas and petioles were observed in all plants exposed to wet-dry-wet cycles. This is the first report of CAM in the family Urticaceae. The results are discussed in relation to the phylogenetic position of Pilea and the partially shaded montane habitats in which this species is typically found. An updated list of all plant families currently known to contain species with CAM is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama; and Corresponding author.
| | - Milton Garcia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Aurelio Virgo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - J Andrew C Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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Winter K, Garcia M, Virgo A, Ceballos J, Holtum JAM. Does the C 4 plant Trianthema portulacastrum (Aizoaceae) exhibit weakly expressed crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)? FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:655-665. [PMID: 33213694 DOI: 10.1071/fp20247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is present in Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae), a pantropical, salt-tolerant C4 annual herb with atriplicoid-type Kranz anatomy in leaves but not in stems. The leaves of T. portulacastrum are slightly succulent and the stems are fleshy, similar to some species of Portulaca, the only genus known in which C4 and CAM co-occur. Low- level nocturnal acidification typical of weakly expressed, predominantly constitutive CAM was measured in plants grown for their entire life-cycle in an outdoor raised garden box. Acidification was greater in stems than in leaves. Plants showed net CO2 uptake only during the light irrespective of soil water availability. However, nocturnal traces of CO2 exchange exhibited curved kinetics of reduced CO2 loss during the middle of the night consistent with low-level CAM. Trianthema becomes the second genus of vascular land plants in which C4 and features of CAM have been demonstrated to co-occur in the same plant and the first C4 plant with CAM-type acidification described for the Aizoaceae. Traditionally the stems of herbs are not sampled in screening studies. Small herbs with mildly succulent leaves and fleshy stems might be a numerically significant component of CAM biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama; and Corresponding author.
| | - Milton Garcia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Aurelio Virgo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Jorge Ceballos
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Joseph A M Holtum
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama; and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
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Leverett A, Hurtado Castaño N, Ferguson K, Winter K, Borland AM. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) supersedes the turgor loss point (TLP) as an important adaptation across a precipitation gradient, in the genus Clusia. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:703-716. [PMID: 33663679 DOI: 10.1071/fp20268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As future climates continue to change, precipitation deficits are expected to become more severe across tropical ecosystems. As a result, it is important that we identify plant physiological traits that act as adaptations to drought, and determine whether these traits act synergistically or independently of each other. In this study, we assessed the role of three leaf-level putative adaptations to drought: crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), the turgor loss point (TLPΨ) and water storage hydrenchyma tissue. Using the genus Clusia as a model, we were able to explore the extent to which these leaf physiological traits co-vary, and also how they contribute to species' distributions across a precipitation gradient in Central and South America. We found that CAM is independent of the TLPΨ and hydrenchyma depth in Clusia. In addition, we provide evidence that constitutive CAM is an adaptation to year-long water deficits, whereas facultative CAM appears to be more important for surviving acute dry seasons. Finally, we find that the other leaf traits tested did not correlate with environmental precipitation, suggesting that the reduced transpirational rates associated with CAM obviate the need to adapt the TLPΨ and hydrenchyma depth in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Leverett
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK; and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama; and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 West Gregory Drive, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; and Corresponding author.
| | - Natalia Hurtado Castaño
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK; and Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kate Ferguson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Anne M Borland
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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10
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Munroe SEM, McInerney FA, Andrae J, Welti N, Guerin GR, Leitch E, Hall T, Szarvas S, Atkins R, Caddy-Retalic S, Sparrow B. The photosynthetic pathways of plant species surveyed in Australia's national terrestrial monitoring network. Sci Data 2021; 8:97. [PMID: 33795698 PMCID: PMC8016977 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic pathway of plants is a fundamental trait that influences terrestrial environments from the local to global level. The distribution of different photosynthetic pathways in Australia is expected to undergo a substantial shift due to climate change and rising atmospheric CO2; however, tracking change is hindered by a lack of data on the pathways of species, as well as their distribution and relative cover within plant communities. Here we present the photosynthetic pathways for 2428 species recorded across 541 plots surveyed by Australia's Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) between 2011 and 2017. This dataset was created to facilitate research exploring trends in vegetation change across Australia. Species were assigned a photosynthetic pathway using published literature and stable carbon isotope analysis of bulk tissue. The photosynthetic pathway of species can be extracted from the dataset individually, or used in conjunction with vegetation surveys to study the occurrence and abundance of pathways across the continent. This dataset will be updated as TERN's plot network expands and new information becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E M Munroe
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Francesca A McInerney
- School of Physical Sciences and the Sprigg Geobiology Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Jake Andrae
- School of Physical Sciences and the Sprigg Geobiology Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Nina Welti
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Greg R Guerin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Emrys Leitch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Tony Hall
- School of Physical Sciences and the Sprigg Geobiology Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Steve Szarvas
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel Atkins
- School of Physical Sciences and the Sprigg Geobiology Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Stefan Caddy-Retalic
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ben Sparrow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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11
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Hultine KR, Cushman JC, Williams DG. New perspectives on crassulacean acid metabolism biology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6489-6493. [PMID: 31782509 PMCID: PMC6883260 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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12
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Winter K. Ecophysiology of constitutive and facultative CAM photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6495-6508. [PMID: 30810162 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In plants exhibiting crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), CAM photosynthesis almost always occurs together with C3 photosynthesis, and occasionally with C4 photosynthesis. Depending on species, ontogeny, and environment, CAM input to total carbon gain can vary from values of <1% to 100%. The wide range of CAM phenotypes between and within species is a fascinating example of functional diversity and plasticity, but poses a significant challenge when attempting to define CAM. CO2 gas exchange experiments designed for this review illustrate key patterns of CAM expression and highlight distinguishing features of constitutive and facultative CAM. Furthermore, they help to address frequently recurring questions on CAM terminology. The functional and evolutionary significance of contrasting CAM phenotypes and of intermediate states between extremes is discussed. Results from a study on nocturnal malate accumulation in 50 species of Aizoaceae exposed to drought and salinity stress suggest that facultative CAM is more widespread amongst vascular plants than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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