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Zhao T, Huang C, Li N, Ge Y, Wang L, Tang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang C. Ubiquitin ligase VvPUB26 in grapevine promotes proanthocyanidin synthesis and resistance to powdery mildew. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2891-2910. [PMID: 38688011 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are an important group of flavonoids that contribute to astringency, color, and flavor in grapes (Vitis vinifera) and wines. They also play a crucial role in enhancing plant resistance to various stresses. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism governing PAs biosynthesis, particularly in relation to conferring resistance to powdery mildew, has not been extensively explored. This study focused on identifying a key player in PAs biosynthesis, namely the plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligase VvPUB26. We discovered that overexpression of VvPUB26 in grapes leads to a significant increase in PAs content, whereas interfering with VvPUB26 has the opposite effect. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that overexpression of VvPUB26 in transgenic grapevines enhances defense against powdery mildew while interfering with VvPUB26 results in increased susceptibility to the pathogen. Interestingly, we observed that VvPUB26 interacts with the WRKY transcription factor VvWRKY24, thereby facilitating ubiquitination and degradation processes. Through RNA-Seq analysis, we found that VvWRKY24 primarily participates in secondary metabolites biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and plant-pathogen interaction. Notably, VvWRKY24 directly interacts with the promoters of dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) to inhibit PAs biosynthesis. Meanwhile, VvWRKY24 also influences the expression of MYB transcription factor genes related to PAs synthesis. In conclusion, our results unveil a regulatory module involving VvPUB26-VvWRKY24-VvDFR/VvLAR that plays a fundamental role in governing PAs biosynthesis in grapevines. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between PAs biosynthesis and defense mechanisms against powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Congbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yaqi Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Shin D, Cho KH, Tucker E, Yoo CY, Kim J. Identification of tomato F-box proteins functioning in phenylpropanoid metabolism. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:85. [PMID: 38995464 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids, a class of specialized metabolites, play crucial roles in plant growth and stress adaptation and include diverse phenolic compounds such as flavonoids. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) are essential enzymes functioning at the entry points of general phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis, respectively. In Arabidopsis, PAL and CHS are turned over through ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation. Specific kelch domain-containing F-Box (KFB) proteins as components of ubiquitin E3 ligase directly interact with PAL or CHS, leading to polyubiquitinated PAL and CHS, which in turn influences phenylpropanoid and flavonoid production. Although phenylpropanoids are vital for tomato nutritional value and stress responses, the post-translational regulation of PAL and CHS in tomato remains unknown. We identified 31 putative KFB-encoding genes in the tomato genome. Our homology analysis and phylogenetic study predicted four PAL-interacting SlKFBs, while SlKFB18 was identified as the sole candidate for the CHS-interacting KFB. Consistent with their homolog function, the predicted four PAL-interacting SlKFBs function in PAL degradation. Surprisingly, SlKFB18 did not interact with tomato CHS and the overexpression or knocking out of SlKFB18 did not affect phenylpropanoid contents in tomato transgenic lines, suggesting its irreverence with flavonoid metabolism. Our study successfully discovered the post-translational regulatory machinery of PALs in tomato while highlighting the limitation of relying solely on a homology-based approach to predict interacting partners of F-box proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doosan Shin
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Keun Ho Cho
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ethan Tucker
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chan Yul Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jeongim Kim
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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3
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Palkina KA, Karataeva TA, Perfilov MM, Fakhranurova LI, Markina NM, Somermeyer LG, Garcia-Perez E, Vazquez-Vilar M, Rodriguez-Rodriguez M, Vazquez-Vilriales V, Shakhova ES, Mitiouchkina T, Belozerova OA, Kovalchuk SI, Alekberova A, Malyshevskaia AK, Bugaeva EN, Guglya EB, Balakireva A, Sytov N, Bezlikhotnova A, Boldyreva DI, Babenko VV, Kondrashov FA, Choob VV, Orzaez D, Yampolsky IV, Mishin AS, Sarkisyan KS. A hybrid pathway for self-sustained luminescence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk1992. [PMID: 38457503 PMCID: PMC10923510 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The fungal bioluminescence pathway can be reconstituted in other organisms allowing luminescence imaging without exogenously supplied substrate. The pathway starts from hispidin biosynthesis-a step catalyzed by a large fungal polyketide synthase that requires a posttranslational modification for activity. Here, we report identification of alternative compact hispidin synthases encoded by a phylogenetically diverse group of plants. A hybrid bioluminescence pathway that combines plant and fungal genes is more compact, not dependent on availability of machinery for posttranslational modifications, and confers autonomous bioluminescence in yeast, mammalian, and plant hosts. The compact size of plant hispidin synthases enables additional modes of delivery of autoluminescence, such as delivery with viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia A. Palkina
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Karataeva
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim M. Perfilov
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliia I. Fakhranurova
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda M. Markina
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elena Garcia-Perez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Vazquez-Vilar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Vazquez-Vilriales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ekaterina S. Shakhova
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Mitiouchkina
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Belozerova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I. Kovalchuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Alekberova
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena K. Malyshevskaia
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elena B. Guglya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasia Balakireva
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Sytov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Daria I. Boldyreva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Babenko
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fyodor A. Kondrashov
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - Vladimir V. Choob
- Botanical Garden of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory 1 b.12, Moscow 119234 Russia
| | - Diego Orzaez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ilia V. Yampolsky
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Light Bio Inc., Ketchum, ID, USA
| | - Alexander S. Mishin
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Karen S. Sarkisyan
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Light Bio Inc., Ketchum, ID, USA
- Synthetic Biology Group, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Chen L, Li Y, Zhu J, Li Z, Wang W, Qi Z, Li D, Yao P, Bi Z, Sun C, Liu Y, Liu Z. Comprehensive Characterization of the C3HC4 RING Finger Gene Family in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.): Insights into Their Involvement in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2082. [PMID: 38396758 PMCID: PMC10889778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The C3HC4 RING finger gene (RING-HC) family is a zinc finger protein crucial to plant growth. However, there have been no studies on the RING-HC gene family in potato. In this study, 77 putative StRING-HCs were identified in the potato genome and grouped into three clusters based on phylogenetic relationships, the chromosome distribution, gene structure, conserved motif, gene duplication events, and synteny relationships, and cis-acting elements were systematically analyzed. By analyzing RNA-seq data of potato cultivars, the candidate StRING-HC genes that might participate in tissue development, abiotic stress, especially drought stress, and anthocyanin biosynthesis were further determined. Finally, a StRING-HC gene (Soltu.DM.09G017280 annotated as StRNF4-like), which was highly expressed in pigmented potato tubers was focused on. StRNF4-like localized in the nucleus, and Y2H assays showed that it could interact with the anthocyanin-regulating transcription factors (TFs) StbHLH1 of potato tubers, which is localized in the nucleus and membrane. Transient assays showed that StRNF4-like repressed anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana by directly suppressing the activity of the dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) promoter activated by StAN1 and StbHLH1. The results suggest that StRNF4-like might repress anthocyanin accumulation in potato tubers by interacting with StbHLH1. Our comprehensive analysis of the potato StRING-HCs family contributes valuable knowledge to the understanding of their functions in potato development, abiotic stress, hormone signaling, and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Yuanming Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Jinyong Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zhitao Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Weilu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zheying Qi
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Dechen Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Panfeng Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zhen Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
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Chachar Z, Lai R, Ahmed N, Lingling M, Chachar S, Paker NP, Qi Y. Cloned genes and genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, a comparative review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1310634. [PMID: 38328707 PMCID: PMC10847539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1310634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant-based pigments that are primarily present in berries, grapes, purple yam, purple corn and black rice. The research on fruit corn with a high anthocyanin content is not sufficiently extensive. Considering its crucial role in nutrition and health it is vital to conduct further studies on how anthocyanin accumulates in fruit corn and to explore its potential for edible and medicinal purposes. Anthocyanin biosynthesis plays an important role in maize stems (corn). Several beneficial compounds, particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and their malonylated derivatives have been identified. C1, C2, Pl1, Pl2, Sh2, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 harbored functional alleles that played a role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in maize. The Sh2 gene in maize regulates sugar-to-starch conversion, thereby influencing kernel quality and nutritional content. ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 are key regulatory genes in maize that control light responses and photomorphogenesis. This review concludes the molecular identification of all the genes encoding structural enzymes of the anthocyanin pathway in maize by describing the cloning and characterization of these genes. Our study presents important new understandings of the molecular processes behind the manufacture of anthocyanins in maize, which will contribute to the development of genetically modified variants of the crop with increased color and possible health advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - RuiQiang Lai
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ma Lingling
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - YongWen Qi
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang X, Li C, Hao Z, Liu Y. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into coumarin biosynthesis in the medicinal plant Angelica dahurica cv. Yubaizhi. Gene 2023; 888:147757. [PMID: 37661027 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Angelica dahurica roots have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine due to their high coumarin content. To address the increasing demand for these roots, a synthetic biology approach has been proposed. Nevertheless, our comprehension of coumarin biosynthesis and its regulation remains limited. In this study, we utilized Hiseq2500 sequencing to analyze the transcriptomes of A. dahurica at different growth stages while concurrently quantifying coumarin content. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was employed to identify key genes involved in coumarin and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify gene modules strongly associated with coumarin content, elucidating the regulatory relationships between transcription factors (TFs) and pathway genes. Furthermore, KEGG enrichment analysis was used to explore essential pathways governing coumarin biosynthesis, with the identification of hub genes. Our results indicated that total coumarin content was highest in the roots, followed by leaves and stems, across all three developmental stages. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 92,478 genes, among which 215 and 30 genes were implicated in coumarin and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, respectively. Within the 73 identified gene modules by WGCNA, three modules-namely aquamarine1 (comprising two OMTs, one CSE, one AACT, one HDS, two PSs, one 2OGO, four UGTs, and seven CYP450s), darkmagenta (containing one UGT and one HDR), and navajowhite2 (consisting of one HCT, three UGTs, one CYP71A25, one OMT, one CSE, one HDS, and one PT)-were strongly associated with imperatorin, oxypeucedanin, and isoimperatorin content, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted significant enrichment of cytochrome P450, transporter, and ubiquitin system pathways. Moreover, TF-gene regulatory analysis unveiled the complexity of coumarin biosynthesis, with 17 TF families regulating 17 genes in the aquamarine1 module, 8 TF families regulating 2 genes in the darkmagenta module, and 8 TF families regulating 7 genes in the navajowhite2 module. These comprehensive findings provide valuable insights into coumarin biosynthesis in A. dahurica, facilitating future research and potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine and synthetic biology strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China.
| | - Caixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China.
| | - Zhanchao Hao
- Yuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Standardization Center, Yuzhou 461600, China.
| | - Yongjiang Liu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China.
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Zhao T, Huang C, Li S, Jia M, Wang L, Tang Y, Zhang C, Li Y. VviKFB07 F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes stilbene accumulation by ubiquitinating and degrading VviCHSs protein in grape. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 331:111687. [PMID: 36958599 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stilbene and flavonoid are phytochemicals in plants and play an important role in plant disease resistance and human health. The regulation of stilbene and flavonoid synthesis in plants has been extensively studied at the transcriptional level, but translational and post-translational controls of stilbene and flavonoid biosynthesis are still poorly understood. In this study, a grape F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase VviKFB07 associated with the metabolism of stilbene and flavonoid was screened out with transcriptome. Overexpression of VviKFB07 in the Nicotiana tabacum resulted in a decrease in flavonol and anthocyanin content in corolla, and stable overexpression assays of VviKFB07 in grape callus promoted the accumulation of resveratrol. Subsequently, Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays identified the physical interaction between VviKFB07 and VviCHSs proteins. In vivo experiments verified that VviKFB07 was involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of VviCHSs protein. Taken together, our findings clarify the role of ubiquitin ligase VviKFB07 in the synthesis of stilbene and flavonoid in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqiong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Li S, Zhang L, Sun M, Lv M, Yang Y, Xu W, Wang L. Biogenesis of flavor-related linalool is diverged and genetically conserved in tree peony ( Paeonia × suffruticosa). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac253. [PMID: 36751271 PMCID: PMC9896599 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Floral scent is an important and genetically complex trait in horticultural plants. Tree peony (Paeonia × suffruticosa) originates in the Pan-Himalaya and has nine wild species divided into two subsections, Delavayanae and Vaginatae. Their flowers are beloved worldwide for their sweet floral fragrance, yet the flavor-related volatiles and underlying biosynthetic pathways remain unknown. Here, we characterized the volatile blends of all wild tree peony species and found that the flavor-related volatiles were highly divergent, but linalool was a unique monoterpene in subsect. Delavayanae. Further detection of volatiles in 97 cultivars with various genetic backgrounds showed that linalool was also the characteristic aroma component in Paeonia delavayi hybrid progenies, suggesting that linalool was conserved and dominant within subsect. Delavayanae and its hybrids, instead of species and cultivars from subsect. Vaginatae. Global transcriptome analysis of all wild tree peony species and 60 cultivars revealed five candidate genes that may be involved in key steps of linalool biosynthesis; especially the expressions of three TPS genes, PdTPS1, PdTPS2, and PdTPS4, were significantly positively correlated with linalool emissions across tree peony cultivars. Further biochemical evidence demonstrated that PdTPS1 and PdTPS4 were the pivotal genes determining the species-specific and cultivar-specific emission of linalool. This study revealed a new insight into floral scent divergence in tree peony and would greatly facilitate our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of Paeonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengwen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
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9
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Wang Y, Kong L, Wang W, Qin G. Global ubiquitinome analysis reveals the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase FaBRIZ in strawberry fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:214-232. [PMID: 36215033 PMCID: PMC9786855 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that mediates protein degradation in eukaryotic cells, participating in multiple biological processes. However, the profiling of protein ubiquitination and the function of this crucial modification in fruit ripening remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that suppression of proteasome by the inhibitor MG132 retarded strawberry fruit ripening. Using K-ɛ-GG antibody enrichment combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry, we performed a comprehensive ubiquitinome analysis in strawberry fruit. We identified 2947 ubiquitination sites for 2878 peptides within 1487 proteins, which are involved in a variety of cellular functions. The lysine at position 48 (K48)-linked poly-ubiquitin chains appeared to be the most prevalent type of modification among the identified ubiquitinated proteins. A large number of ubiquitination sites exhibited altered ubiquitination levels after proteasome inhibition, including those within ripening-related proteins associated with sugar and acid metabolism, cell wall metabolism, anthocyanin synthesis, and ABA biosynthesis and signalling. We further demonstrated that FaBRIZ, a RING-type E3 ligase, functions as a negative regulator of ripening in strawberry fruit. Our findings highlight the critical regulatory roles of protein ubiquitination in fruit ripening. The ubiquitinome data provide a basis for further exploration of the function of ubiquitination on specific proteins.
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10
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Azam M, Zhang S, Huai Y, Abdelghany AM, Shaibu AS, Qi J, Feng Y, Liu Y, Li J, Qiu L, Li B, Sun J. Identification of genes for seed isoflavones based on bulk segregant analysis sequencing in soybean natural population. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:13. [PMID: 36662254 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We identified four hub genes for isoflavone biosynthesis based on BSA-seq and WGCNA methods and validated that GmIE3-1 positively contribute to isoflavone accumulation in soybean. Soybean isoflavones are secondary metabolites of great interest owing to their beneficial impact on human health. Herein, we profiled the seed isoflavone content by HPLC in 1551 soybean accessions grown in two locations for two years and constructed two extreme pools with high (4065.1 µg g-1) and low (1427.23 µg g-1) isoflavone contents to identify candidate genes involved in isoflavone biosynthesis pathways using bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) approach. The results showed that the average sequencing depths were 50.3× and 65.7× in high and low pools, respectively. A total of 23,626 polymorphic SNPs and 5299 InDels were detected between both pools and 1492 genes with different variations were identified. Based on differential genes in BSA-seq and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), four hub genes, Glyma.06G290400 (designated as GmIE3-1), Glyma.01G239200, Glyma.01G241500, Glyma.13G256100 were identified, encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, arm repeat protein interacting with ABF2, zinc metallopeptidase EGY3, and dynamin-related protein 3A, respectively. The allelic variation in GmIE3-1 showed a significant influence on isoflavone accumulation. The virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and RNAi hairy root transformation of GmIE3-1 revealed partial suppression of this gene could cause a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) of total isoflavone content, suggesting GmIE3-1 is a positive regulator for isoflavones. The present study demonstrated that the BSA-seq approach combined with WGCNA, VIGS and hairy root transformation can efficiently identify isoflavone candidate genes in soybean natural population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azam
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengrui Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huai
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ahmed M Abdelghany
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516, Egypt
| | - Abdulwahab S Shaibu
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Agronomy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Jie Qi
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Feng
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yitian Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Li
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bin Li
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Junming Sun
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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11
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Li Y, Kong F, Liu Z, Peng L, Shu Q. PhUGT78A22, a novel glycosyltransferase in Paeonia 'He Xie', can catalyze the transfer of glucose to glucosylated anthocyanins during petal blotch formation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:405. [PMID: 35982415 PMCID: PMC9386992 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flower color patterns play an important role in the evolution and subsequent diversification of flowers by attracting animal pollinators. This interaction can drive the diversity observed in angiosperms today in many plant families such as Liliaceae, Paeoniaceae, and Orchidaceae, and increased their ornamental values. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the differential distribution of anthocyanins within petals remains unclear in Paeonia. RESULTS In this study, we used an intersectional hybrid between the section Moutan and Paeonia, hereafter named Paeonia 'He Xie', which has purple flowers with dark purple blotches. After Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UPLC-DAD) analysis of blotched and non-blotched parts of petals, we found the anthocyanin content in the blotched part was always higher than that in the non-blotched part. Four kinds of anthocyanins, namely cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G), cyanidin-3,5-O-glucoside (Cy3G5G), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pn3G), and peonidin-3,5-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G) were detected in the blotched parts, while only Cy3G5G and Pn3G5G were detected in the non-blotched parts. This suggests that glucosyltransferases may play a vital role in the four kinds of glucosylated anthocyanins in the blotched parts. Moreover, 2433 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from transcriptome analysis of blotched and non-blotched parts, and a key UDP-glycosyltransferase named PhUGT78A22 was identified, which could use Cy3G and Pn3G as substrates to produce Cy3G5G and Pn3G5G, respectively, in vitro. Furthermore, silencing of PhUGT78A22 reduced the content of anthocyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside in P. 'He Xie'. CONCLUSIONS A UDP-glycosyltransferase, PhUGT78A22, was identified in P. 'He Xie', and the molecular mechanism underlying differential distribution of anthocyanins within petals was elucidated. This study provides new insights on the biosynthesis of different kinds of anthocyanins within colorful petals, and helps to explain petal blotch formation, which will facilitate the cultivar breeding with respect to increasing ornamental value. Additionally, it provides a reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for precise regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Fan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng'an Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Liping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qingyan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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12
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Li J, Yuan J, Li Y, Sun H, Ma T, Huai J, Yang W, Zhang W, Lin R. The CDC48 complex mediates ubiquitin-dependent degradation of intra-chloroplast proteins in plants. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110664. [PMID: 35417702 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the site of numerous biochemical reactions including photosynthesis, but they also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that negatively affect chloroplast integrity. The chaperone-like CDC48 complex plays critical roles in ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation in yeast and mammals, but its function in plants is largely unknown. Here, we show that defects in CDC48A and its cofactors UFD1 and NPL4 lead to the accumulation of ubiquitinated chloroplast proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. We reveal that two plastid genome-encoded proteins, RbcL and AtpB, associate with the CDC48 complex. Strikingly, RbcL and AtpB are ubiquitinated and degraded by the 26S proteasome pathway upon ROS stress, and these processes are impaired by defects of the CDC48 complex. Functional analysis demonstrates that the CDC48 complex is required for plant tolerance to ROS. This study reveals a role for the plant CDC48 complex in modulating ubiquitin-dependent degradation of intra-chloroplast proteins in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jiarui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huilun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Junling Huai
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Mao W, Han Y, Chen Y, Sun M, Feng Q, Li L, Liu L, Zhang K, Wei L, Han Z, Li B. Low temperature inhibits anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry fruit by activating FvMAPK3-induced phosphorylation of FvMYB10 and degradation of Chalcone Synthase 1. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1226-1249. [PMID: 35018459 PMCID: PMC8972286 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature causes poor coloration of strawberry (Fragaria sp.) fruits, thus greatly reducing their commercial value. Strawberry fruits accumulate anthocyanins during ripening, but how low temperature modulates anthocyanin accumulation in plants remains largely unknown. We identified MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 (FvMAPK3) as an important negative regulator of anthocyanin accumulation that mediates the poor coloration of strawberry fruits in response to low temperature. FvMAPK3 activity was itself induced by low temperature, leading to the repression of anthocyanin accumulation via two mechanisms. Activated FvMAPK3 acted as the downstream target of MAPK KINASE4 (FvMKK4) and SUCROSE NONFERMENTING1-RELATED KINASE2.6 (FvSnRK2.6) to phosphorylate the transcription factor FvMYB10 and reduce its transcriptional activity. In parallel, FvMAPK3 phosphorylated CHALCONE SYNTHASE1 (FvCHS1) to enhance its proteasome-mediated degradation. These results not only provide an important reference to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying low-temperature-mediated repression of anthocyanin accumulation in plants, but also offer valuable candidate genes for generating strawberry varieties with high tolerance to low temperature and good fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Mao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kaikai Zhang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingzhi Wei
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Author for correspondence:
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Hou Q, Li S, Shang C, Wen Z, Cai X, Hong Y, Qiao G. Genome-wide characterization of chalcone synthase genes in sweet cherry and functional characterization of CpCHS1 under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989959. [PMID: 36061761 PMCID: PMC9437463 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cherries are one of the important fruit trees. The growth of cherry is greatly affected by abiotic stresses such as drought, which hinders its development. Chalcone synthase (CHS, EC 2.3.1.74) is a crucial rate-limiting enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway that plays an important role in regulating plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. In the current study, three genes encoding chalcone synthase were identified in the genome of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). The three genes contained fewer introns and showed high homology with CHS genes of other Rosaceae members. All members are predicted to localize in the cytoplasm. The conserved catalytic sites may be located at the Cys163, Phe214, His302, and Asn335 residues. These genes were differentially expressed during flower bud dormancy and fruit development. The total flavonoid content of Chinese cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl.) was highest in the leaves and slightly higher in the pulp than in the peel. No significant difference in total flavonoid content was detected between aborted kernels and normally developing kernels. Overexpression of Chinese cherry CpCHS1 in tobacco improved the germination frequency of tobacco seeds under drought stress, and the fresh weight of transgenic seedlings under drought stress was higher than that of the wild type, and the contents of SOD, POD, CAT, and Pro in OE lines were significantly increased and higher than WT under drought stress. These results indicate cherry CHS genes are conserved and functionally diverse and will assist in elucidating the functions of flavonoid synthesis pathways in cherry and other Rosaceae species under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- College of Forestry, Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Qiao,
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15
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Accumulation Pattern of Flavonoids during Fruit Development of Lonicera maackii Determined by Metabolomics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226913. [PMID: 34834005 PMCID: PMC8624894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae) is a large, upright shrub with fruits that contain many bioactive compounds. Flavonoids are common active substances in L. maackii. However, there is a dearth of information about the accumulation of these flavonoids and their possible medicinal value. We used targeted metabolomics analysis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to analyze five developmental stages of L. maackii fruit. A total of 438 metabolites were identified in the five developmental stages, including 81 flavonoids and derivatives. The 81 flavonoids included 25 flavones and derivatives, 35 flavonols and derivatives, two isoflavones, three cyanidins and derivatives, eight procyanidins, and eight flavanones. In addition, we outlined the putative flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and screened their upstream metabolites. More importantly, we analyzed the accumulation patterns of several typical flavones and flavonols. The results reported here improved our understanding of the dynamic changes in flavonoids during fruit development and contributed to making full use of the medicinal value of L. maackii fruit.
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16
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Wang Y, Cheng X, Yang T, Su Y, Lin S, Zhang S, Zhang Z. Nitrogen-Regulated Theanine and Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Tea Plant Roots: Protein-Level Regulation Revealed by Multiomics Analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10002-10016. [PMID: 34406741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Theanine and flavonoids (especially proanthocyanidins) are the most important and abundant secondary metabolites synthesized in the roots of tea plants. Nitrogen promotes theanine and represses flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plant roots, but the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Here, we analyzed theanine and flavonoid metabolism in tea plant roots under nitrogen deficiency and explored the regulatory mechanism using proteome and ubiquitylome profiling together with transcriptome data. Differentially expressed proteins responsive to nitrogen deficiency were identified and found to be enriched in flavonoid, nitrogen, and amino acid metabolism pathways. The proteins responding to nitrogen deficiency at the transcriptional level, translational level, and both transcriptional and translational levels were classified. Nitrogen-deficiency-responsive and ubiquitinated proteins were further identified. Our results showed that most genes encoding enzymes in the theanine synthesis pathway, such as CsAlaDC, CsGDH, and CsGOGATs, were repressed by nitrogen deficiency at transcriptional and/or protein level(s). While a large number of enzymes in flavonoid metabolism were upregulated at the transcriptional and/or translational level(s). Importantly, the ubiquitylomic analysis identified important proteins, especially the hub enzymes in theanine and flavonoid biosynthesis, such as CsAlaDC, CsTSI, CsGS, CsPAL, and CsCHS, modified by ubiquitination. This study provided novel insights into the regulation of theanine and flavonoid biosynthesis and will contribute to future studies on the post-translational regulation of secondary metabolism in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunmin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shupei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
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Yu H, Li D, Yang D, Xue Z, Li J, Xing B, Yan K, Han R, Liang Z. SmKFB5 protein regulates phenolic acid biosynthesis by controlling the degradation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Salvia miltiorrhiza. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4915-4929. [PMID: 33961691 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are the major secondary metabolites and significant bioactive constituents of the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. Many enzyme-encoding genes and transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acids have been identified, but the underlying post-translational regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the S. miltiorrhiza Kelch repeat F-box protein SmKFB5 physically interacts with three phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) isozymes and mediates their proteolytic turnover via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. Disturbing the expression of SmKFB5 reciprocally affected the abundance of SmPAL protein and the accumulation of phenolic acids, suggesting that SmKFB5 is a post-translational regulator responsible for the turnover of PAL and negatively controlling phenolic acids. Furthermore, we discovered that treatment of the hairy root of S. miltiorrhiza with methyl jasmonate suppressed the expression of SmKFB5 while inducing the transcription of SmPAL1 and SmPAL3. These data suggested that methyl jasmonate consolidated both transcriptional and post-translational regulation mechanisms to enhance phenolic acid biosynthesis. Taken together, our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which SmKFB5 mediates the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthesis by jasmonic acid, and suggest valuable targets for plant breeders in tailoring new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizheng Yu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Bingcong Xing
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilian Han
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Tong NN, Zhou XY, Peng LP, Liu ZA, Shu QY. A comprehensive study of three species of Paeonia stem and leaf phytochemicals, and their antioxidant activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113985. [PMID: 33667571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeonia plants have been widely used as traditional Chinese medicinal materials for more than 2,000 years in the treatment of cardiovascular, extravasated blood and female genital diseases; paeoniflorin and paeonol have been implicated as the plants' primary active ingredients. AIM OF THE STUDY Previous studies have been singularly focused on the chemical constituents and content variation of the Paeonia roots in the advancement of traditional Chinese medicine, with the plants' stems and leaves considered useless. This study aims to explore the chemical constituents, content variation, and antioxidant capacity in Paeonia stems and leaves for the future utilization of traditional Chinese medicine, given that current practices of digging and trade endanger Paeonia in the wild. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, secondary metabolites from the stems and leaves from six developmental stages of the annual growth cycle of Paeonia ostii T. Hong & J. X. Zhang, P. 'Hexie', and P. lactiflora Pall. were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Antioxidant capacity at each stage was also evaluated by various free radical scavenging assays. RESULTS A total of 24 metabolites were detected and identified, including 5 monoterpene glycosides, 4 tannins, 5 phenols, 9 flavonoids, and paeonol. Excepting paeonol and the phenols, the levels of each metabolite category were significantly higher in the leaves than the stems during all developmental stages. The paeoniflorin content in the P. ostii leaves was the highest during the first developmental stage and higher than the standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, suggesting it to be the optimal harvesting stage for medicinal uses. Notably, the antioxidant capacity of the leaves was significantly greater than in the stems, particularly for the leaves of P. 'Hexie'. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that the leaves of P. 'Hexie' have the potential to be a worthy medicinal substitute to Paeonia roots due to their high monoterpene glycosides, phenols, and flavonoids as well as their strong antioxidant capacity. Further, this study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of non-root Paeonia plant sections as medicinal plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Tong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Li-Ping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Zheng-An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Qing-Yan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Peng LP, Hao Q, Men SQ, Wang XR, Huang WY, Tong NN, Chen M, Liu ZA, Ma XF, Shu QY. Ecotopic over-expression of PoCHS from Paeonia ostii altered the fatty acids composition and content in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:64-76. [PMID: 33247451 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and has been studied in many plants, but the function of the CHS gene has not been well characterized in Paeonia ostii. In this study, we obtained a CHS homolog gene from P. ostii, which possessed the putative conserved amino acids of chalcone synthase by multiple alignment analysis and demonstrated the highest expression in developing seeds. In vitro assays of the recombinant PoCHS protein confirmed enzymatic activity using malonyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA as substrates, and the optimal pH and reaction temperature were 7.5 and 40 °C, respectively. Furthermore, ectopic over-expression of PoCHS in Arabidopsis up-regulated the expression levels of genes involved in seed development (ABI), glycolysis (PKp2, PDH-E1a, and SUS2/3), and especially fatty acid biosynthesis (BCCP2, CAC2, CDS2, FatA, and FAD3). This resulted in an increased unsaturated fatty acid content, especially α-linolenic acid, in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. In this study, we examined the functions of CHS homolog of P. ostii and demonstrated its new function in seed fatty acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Hao
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Si-Qi Men
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Ruo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Ning Tong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zheng T, Li P, Li L, Zhang Q. Research advances in and prospects of ornamental plant genomics. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:65. [PMID: 33790259 PMCID: PMC8012582 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The term 'ornamental plant' refers to all plants with ornamental value, which generally have beautiful flowers or special plant architectures. China is rich in ornamental plant resources and known as the "mother of gardens". Genomics is the science of studying genomes and is useful for carrying out research on genome evolution, genomic variations, gene regulation, and important biological mechanisms based on detailed genome sequence information. Due to the diversity of ornamental plants and high sequencing costs, the progress of genome research on ornamental plants has been slow for a long time. With the emergence of new sequencing technologies and a reduction in costs since the whole-genome sequencing of the first ornamental plant (Prunus mume) was completed in 2012, whole-genome sequencing of more than 69 ornamental plants has been completed in <10 years. In this review, whole-genome sequencing and resequencing of ornamental plants will be discussed. We provide analysis with regard to basic data from whole-genome studies of important ornamental plants, the regulation of important ornamental traits, and application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangchun Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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21
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Chen C, Zhou G, Chen J, Liu X, Lu X, Chen H, Tian Y. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Unveils Novel Pathway Involved in the Formation of Yellow Peel in Cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031494. [PMID: 33540857 PMCID: PMC7867363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow peel will adversely affect the appearance quality of cucumber fruit, but the metabolites and the molecular mechanism of pigment accumulation in cucumber peel remain unclear. Flavonoid metabolome and transcriptome analyses were carried out on the young peel and old peel of the color mutant L19 and the near-isogenic line L14. The results showed that there were 165 differential flavonoid metabolites in the old peel between L14 and L19. The total content of representative flavonoid metabolites in the old peel of L14 was 95 times that of L19, and 35 times that of young peel of L14, respectively. This might explain the difference of pigment accumulation in yellow peel. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed that there were 3396 and 1115 differentially expressed genes in the yellow color difference group (Young L14 vs. Old L14 and Old L14 vs. Old L19), respectively. These differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway-plant, plant-pathogen interaction, flavonoid biosynthesis and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis pathways. By analyzing the correlation between differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes, six candidate genes related to the synthesis of glycitein, kaempferol and homoeriodictyol are potentially important. In addition, four key transcription factors that belong to R2R3-MYB, bHLH51 and WRKY23 might be the major drivers of transcriptional changes in the peel between L14 and L19. Then, the expression patterns of these important genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR. These results suggested that the biosynthesis pathway of homoeriodictyol was a novel way to affect the yellowing of cucumber peel. Together, the results of this study provide a research basis for the biosynthesis and regulation of flavonoids in cucumber peel and form a significant step towards identifying the molecular mechanism of cucumber peel yellowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.Z.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Geng Zhou
- Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.Z.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.Z.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.Z.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangyang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Huiming Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.Z.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.T.); Tel.: +86-731-8463-5292 (H.C. & Y.T.)
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.T.); Tel.: +86-731-8463-5292 (H.C. & Y.T.)
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Mohanty P, Ayachit G, Mohanty JN, Pandya H, Mankad AU, Das J. Documentation of conserved and novel miRNAs participated in plant secondary metabolic pathways of sanctified Aegle marmelos. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Jo YD, Ryu J, Kim YS, Kang KY, Hong MJ, Choi HI, Lim GH, Kim JB, Kim SH. Dramatic Increase in Content of Diverse Flavonoids Accompanied with Down-Regulation of F-Box Genes in a Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.) Mutant Cultivar Producing Dark-Purple Ray Florets. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E865. [PMID: 32751443 PMCID: PMC7464468 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (a subclass of flavonoids) and flavonoids are crucial determinants of flower color and substances of pharmacological efficacy, respectively, in chrysanthemum. However, metabolic and transcriptomic profiling regarding flavonoid accumulation has not been performed simultaneously, thus the understanding of mechanisms gained has been limited. We performed HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) and transcriptome analyses using "ARTI-Dark Chocolate" (AD), which is a chrysanthemum mutant cultivar producing dark-purple ray florets, and the parental cultivar "Noble Wine" for metabolic characterization and elucidation of the genetic mechanism determining flavonoid content. Among 26 phenolic compounds identified, three cyanidins and eight other flavonoids were detected only in AD. The total amounts of diverse flavonoids were 8.0 to 10.3 times higher in AD. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were not up-regulated in AD at the early flower stage, implying that the transcriptional regulation of the pathway did not cause flavonoid accumulation. However, genes encoding post-translational regulation-related proteins, especially F-box genes in the mutated gene, were enriched among down-regulated genes in AD. From the combination of metabolic and transcriptomic data, we suggest that the suppression of post-translational regulation is a possible mechanism for flavonoid accumulation in AD. These results will contribute to research on the regulation and manipulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Deuk Jo
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Jaihyunk Ryu
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Ye-Sol Kim
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Kyung-Yun Kang
- Suncheon Research Center for Natural Medicines, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Min Jeong Hong
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Hong-Il Choi
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
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The dynamic response of the Arabidopsis root metabolome to auxin and ethylene is not predicted by changes in the transcriptome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:679. [PMID: 31959762 PMCID: PMC6971091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While the effects of phytohormones on plant gene expression have been well characterized, comparatively little is known about how hormones influence metabolite profiles. This study examined the effects of elevated auxin and ethylene on the metabolome of Arabidopsis roots using a high-resolution 24 h time course, conducted in parallel to time-matched transcriptomic analyses. Mass spectrometry using orthogonal UPLC separation strategies (reversed phase and HILIC) in both positive and negative ionization modes was used to maximize identification of metabolites with altered levels. The findings show that the root metabolome responds rapidly to hormone stimulus and that compounds belonging to the same class of metabolites exhibit similar changes. The responses were dominated by changes in phenylpropanoid, glucosinolate, and fatty acid metabolism, although the nature and timing of the response was unique for each hormone. These alterations in the metabolome were not directly predicted by the corresponding transcriptome data, suggesting that post-transcriptional events such as changes in enzyme activity and/or transport processes drove the observed changes in the metabolome. These findings underscore the need to better understand the biochemical mechanisms underlying the temporal reconfiguration of plant metabolism, especially in relation to the hormone-metabolome interface and its subsequent physiological and morphological effects.
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Pandith SA, Ramazan S, Khan MI, Reshi ZA, Shah MA. Chalcone synthases (CHSs): the symbolic type III polyketide synthases. PLANTA 2019; 251:15. [PMID: 31776718 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Present review provides a thorough insight on some significant aspects of CHSs over a period of about past three decades with a better outlook for future studies toward comprehending the structural and mechanistic intricacy of this symbolic enzyme. Polyketide synthases (PKSs) form a large family of iteratively acting multifunctional proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis of spectrum of natural products. They exhibit remarkable versatility in the structural configuration and functional organization with an incredible ability to generate different classes of compounds other than the characteristic secondary metabolite constituents. Architecturally, chalcone synthase (CHS) is considered to be the simplest representative of Type III PKSs. The enzyme is pivotal for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and is also well known for catalyzing the initial step of the flavonoid/isoflavonoid pathway. Being the first Type III enzyme to be discovered, CHS has been subjected to ample investigations which, to a greater extent, have tried to understand its structural complexity and promiscuous functional behavior. In this context, we vehemently tried to collect the fragmented information entirely focussed on this symbolic enzyme from about past three-four decades. The aim of this review is to selectively summarize data on some of the fundamental aspects of CHSs viz, its history and distribution, localization, structure and analogs in non-plant hosts, promoter analyses, and role in defense, with an emphasis on mechanistic studies in different species and vis-à-vis mutation-led changes, and evolutionary significance which has been discussed in detail. The present review gives an insight with a better perspective for the scientific community for future studies devoted towards delimiting the mechanistic and structural basis of polyketide biosynthetic machinery vis-à-vis CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad A Pandith
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Salika Ramazan
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Mohd Ishfaq Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
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