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Xu M, Du Y, Hou X, Zhang Z, Yan N. Chemical structures, biosynthesis, bioactivities, and utilisation values for the diterpenes produced in tobacco trichomes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114117. [PMID: 38697243 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cembranoids and labdanes are two important types of diterpenes in tobacco (Nicotiana genus) that are predominantly found in the leaf and flower glandular trichome secretions. This is the first systematic review of the biosynthesis, chemical structures, bioactivities, and utilisation values of cembranoid and labdane diterpenes in tobacco. A total of 131 natural cembranoid diterpenes have been reported in tobacco since 1962; these were summarised and classified according to their chemical structure characteristics as isopropyl cembranoids (1-88), seco-cembranoids (89-103), chain cembranoids (104-123), and polycyclic cembranoids (124-131). Forty natural labdane diterpenes reported since 1961 were also summarised and divided into epoxy side chain labdanes (132-150) and epoxy-free side chain labdanes (151-171). Tobacco cembranoid and labdane diterpenes are both formed via the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway and are synthesised from geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Their biosynthetic pathways and the four key enzymes (cembratrienol synthase, cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, copalyl diphosphate synthase, and Z-abienol cyclase) that affect their biosynthesis have been described in detail. A systematic summary of the bioactivity and utilisation values of the cembranoid and labdane diterpenes is also provided. The agricultural bioactivities associated with cembranoid and labdane diterpenes include antimicrobial and insecticidal activities as well as induced resistance, while the medical bioactivities include cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities. Further research into the cembranoid and labdane diterpenes will help to promote their development and utilisation as plant-derived pesticides and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Xu H, Teng H, Zhang B, Liu W, Sui Y, Yan X, Wang Z, Cui H, Zhang H. NtHD9 modulates plant salt tolerance by regulating the formation of glandular trichome heads in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108765. [PMID: 38795550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the main abiotic factor affecting plant growth. We have previously identified a key gene (NtHD9) in Nicotiana tabacum L. that positively regulates the formation of long glandular trichomes (LGTs). Here, we verified that both abiotic stress (aphids, drought and salt stress) could restore the phenotype lacking LGTs in NtHD9-knockout (NtHD9-KO) plants. The abiotic stress response assays indicated that NtHD9 is highly sensitive to salt stress. Compared with cultivated tobacco "K326" (CK) plants, NtHD9-overexpressing (NtHD9-OE) plants with more LGTs exhibited stronger salt tolerance, whereas NtHD9-KO with no LGTs showed weaker tolerance to salt. The densities and sizes of the glandular heads gradually increased with increasing NaCl concentrations in NtHD9-KO plants. Mineral element determination showed that leaves and trichomes of NtHD9-OE plants accumulated less Na+ but had higher K+ contents under salt stress, thus maintaining ion homeostasis in plants, which could contribute to a robust photosynthetic and antioxidant system under salt stress. Therefore, NtHD9-OE plants maintained a larger leaf area and root length under high-salt conditions than CK and NtHD9-KO plants. We verified that NtHD9 could individually interact with NtHD5, NtHD7, NtHD12, and NtJAZ10 proteins. Salt stress led to an increase in jasmonic acid (JA) levels and activated the expression of NtHDs while inhibiting the expression of NtJAZ. This study suggests that the glandular heads play an important role in plant resistance to salt stress. The activation of JA signaling leading to JAZ protein degradation may be key factors regulating the glandular heads development under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Huanyu Teng
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bokai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yalin Sui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Chen M, Li Z, He X, Zhang Z, Wang D, Cui L, Xie M, Zhao Z, Sun Q, Wang D, Dai J, Gong D. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals genes involved in trichome development and metabolism in tobacco. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:541. [PMID: 38872084 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glandular trichomes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) can efficiently produce secondary metabolites. They act as natural bioreactors, and their natural products function to protect plants against insect-pests and pathogens and are also components of industrial chemicals. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of tobacco glandular trichome development and secondary metabolic regulation, glandular trichomes and glandless trichomes, as well as other different developmental tissues, were used for RNA sequencing and analysis. RESULTS By comparing glandless and glandular trichomes with other tissues, we obtained differentially expressed genes. They were obviously enriched in KEGG pathways, such as cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis, flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interaction. In particular, the expression levels of genes related to the terpenoid, flavonoid, and wax biosynthesis pathway mainly showed down-regulation in glandless trichomes, implying that they lack the capability to synthesize certain exudate compounds. Among the differentially expressed genes, 234 transcription factors were found, including AP2-ERFs, MYBs, bHLHs, WRKYs, Homeoboxes (HD-ZIP), and C2H2-ZFs. These transcription factor and genes that highly expressed in trichomes or specially expressed in GT or GLT. Following the overexpression of R2R3-MYB transcription factor Nitab4.5_0011760g0030.1 in tobacco, an increase in the number of branched glandular trichomes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide comprehensive gene expression information at the transcriptional level and an understanding of the regulatory pathways involved in glandular trichome development and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinxi He
- China Tobacco Hunan Industry Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- China Tobacco Hunan Industry Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Luying Cui
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Minmin Xie
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Quan Sun
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Dahai Wang
- Shandong Weifang Tobacco Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Jiameng Dai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, China , Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd, Kunming, China.
| | - Daping Gong
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Wu M, Bian X, Hu S, Huang B, Shen J, Du Y, Wang Y, Xu M, Xu H, Yang M, Wu S. A gradient of the HD-Zip regulator Woolly regulates multicellular trichome morphogenesis in tomato. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2375-2392. [PMID: 38470570 PMCID: PMC11132899 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Homeodomain (HD) proteins regulate embryogenesis in animals such as the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), often in a concentration-dependent manner. HD-leucine zipper (Zip) IV family genes are unique to plants and often function in the L1 epidermal cell layer. However, our understanding of the roles of HD-Zip IV family genes in plant morphogenesis is limited. In this study, we investigated the morphogenesis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) multicellular trichomes, a type of micro-organ in plants. We found that a gradient of the HD-Zip IV regulator Woolly (Wo) coordinates spatially polarized cell division and cell expansion in multicellular trichomes. Moreover, we identified a TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN BINDING FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor-encoding gene, SlBRANCHED2a (SlBRC2a), as a key downstream target of Wo that regulates the transition from cell division to cell expansion. High levels of Wo promote cell division in apical trichome cells, whereas in basal trichome cells, Wo mediates a negative feedback loop with SlBRC2a that forces basal cells to enter endoreduplication. The restricted high and low activities of Wo pattern the morphogenesis of tomato multicellular trichomes. These findings provide insights into the functions of HD-Zip IV genes during plant morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinLiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - XinXin Bian
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - ShouRong Hu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - BenBen Huang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - JingYuan Shen
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - YaDi Du
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - YanLi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - MengYuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - HuiMin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - MeiNa Yang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Zhang H, Sui Y, Liu W, Yan M, Wang Z, Yan X, Cui H. Identification of a cis-element for long glandular trichome-specific gene expression, which is targeted by a HD-ZIP IV protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130579. [PMID: 38432280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are epidermal outgrowths that secret a variety of secondary metabolites, which not only help plants adapt to environmental stresses but also have important commercial value in fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. In Nicotiana tabacum, it has been confirmed that a B-type cyclin, CycB2, negatively regulates the formation of long glandular trichomes (LGTs). This study aimed to identify the upstream regulatory gene involved in LGT formation by screening LGT-specific cis-elements within the NtCycB2 promoter. Using GUS as a reporter gene, the tissue-driven ability of NtCycB2 promoter showed that NtCycB2 promoter could drive GUS expression specifically in LGTs. Function analysis of a series of successive 5' truncations and synthetic segments of the NtCycB2 promoter indicated that the 87-bp region from -1221 to -1134 of the NtCycB2 promoter was required for gene expression in LGTs, and the L1-element (5'-AAAATTAATAAGAG-3') located in the 87-bp region contributed to the gene expression in the stalk of LGTs. Further Y1H and LUC assays confirmed that this L1-element exclusively binds to a HD-Zip IV protein, NtHD13. Gene function analysis revealed that NtHD13 positively controlled LGT formation, as overexpression of NtHD13 resulted in a high number of LGTs, whereas knockout of NtHD13 led to a decrease in LGTs. These findings demonstrate that NtHD13 can bind to an L1-element within the NtCycB2 promoter to regulate LGT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yalin Sui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meiqi Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Chang J, Wu S, You T, Wang J, Sun B, Xu B, Xu X, Zhang Y, Wu S. Spatiotemporal formation of glands in plants is modulated by MYB-like transcription factors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2303. [PMID: 38491132 PMCID: PMC10943084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
About one third of vascular plants develop glandular trichomes, which produce defensive compounds that repel herbivores and act as a natural biofactory for important pharmaceuticals such as artemisinin and cannabinoids. However, only a few regulators of glandular structures have been characterized so far. Here we have identified two closely-related MYB-like genes that redundantly inhibit the formation of glandular cells in tomatoes, and they are named as GLAND CELL REPRESSOR (GCR) 1 and 2. The GCR genes highly express in the apical cells of tomato trichomes, with expression gradually diminishing as the cells transition into glands. The spatiotemporal expression of GCR genes is coordinated by a two-step inhibition process mediated by SlTOE1B and GCRs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the GCR genes act by suppressing Leafless (LFS), a gene that promotes gland formation. Intriguingly, homologous GCR genes from tobacco and petunia also inhibit gland formation, suggesting that the GCR-mediated repression mechanism likely represents a conserved regulatory pathway for glands across different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shurong Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting You
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bingjing Sun
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bojun Xu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Li C, Jiang R, Wang X, Lv Z, Li W, Chen W. Feedback regulation of plant secondary metabolism: Applications and challenges. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111983. [PMID: 38211735 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.111983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites offer resistance to invasion by herbivorous organisms, and are also useful in the chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and fragrance industries. There are numerous approaches to enhancing secondary metabolite yields. However, a growing number of studies has indicated that feedback regulation may be critical in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Here, we review examples of feedback regulation in secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, phytohormone signal transduction, and complex deposition sites associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis. We propose a new strategy to enhance secondary metabolite production based on plant feedback regulation. We also discuss challenges in feedback regulation that must be overcome before its application to enhancing secondary metabolite yields. This review discusses recent advances in the field and highlights a strategy to overcome feedback regulation-related obstacles and obtain high secondary metabolite yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wankui Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Xu G, Zheng Q, Wei P, Zhang J, Liu P, Zhang H, Zhai N, Li X, Xu X, Chen Q, Cao P, Zhao J, Zhou H. Metabolic engineering of a 1,8-cineole synthase enhances aphid repellence and increases trichome density in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3342-3353. [PMID: 37132116 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is a harmful agricultural pest that causes severe crop damage by directly feeding or indirectly vectoring viruses. 1,8-cineole synthase (CINS) is a multiproduct enzyme that synthesizes monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole dominating the volatile organic compound profile. However, the relationship between aphid preference and CINS remains elusive. RESULTS Here, we present evidence that SoCINS, a protein from garden sage (Salvia officinalis), enhanced aphid repellence and increased trichome density in transgenic tobacco. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of SoCINS (SoCINS-OE) led to the emission of 1,8-cineole at a level of up to 181.5 ng per g fresh leaf. Subcellular localization assay showed that SoCINS localized to chloroplasts. A Y-tube olfactometer assay and free-choice assays revealed that SoCINS-OE plants had a repellent effect on aphids, without incurring developmental or fecundity-related penalties. Intriguingly, the SoCINS-OE plants displayed an altered trichome morphology, showing increases in trichome density and in the relative proportion of glandular trichomes, as well as enlarged glandular cells. We also found that SoCINS-OE plants had significantly higher jasmonic acid (JA) levels than wild-type plants. Furthermore, application of 1,8-cineole elicited increased JA content and trichome density. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that SoCINS-OE plants have a repellent effect on aphids, and suggest an apparent link between 1,8-cineole, JA and trichome density. This study presents a viable and sustainable approach for aphid management by engineering the expression of 1,8-cineole synthase gene in plants, and underscores the potential usefulness of monoterpene synthase for pest control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wei
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Niu Zhai
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Tobacco Research Center, Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xiangli Xu
- Tobacco Research Center, Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Qiansi Chen
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peijian Cao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Huina Zhou
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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9
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Li H, Bai H, Sun M, Shi L. Formation mechanism of glandular trichomes involved in the synthesis and storage of terpenoids in lavender. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:307. [PMID: 37291504 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lavender (genus Lavandula, family Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant widely grown as an ornamental plant. The chemical composition of lavender is characterized by monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and other compounds, which are primarily synthesized and stored in epidermal secretory structures called glandular trichomes (GTs). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are responsible for the aroma characteristics of plant oil that drive consumer preference. Aroma is usually regarded as a characteristic trait for the classification of aromatic plants. Interestingly, VOCs are synthesized and stored in GTs. Lamiaceae species such as purple perilla, peppermint, basil, thyme, and oregano usually possess two types of GTs: peltate glandular trichomes (PGTs) and capitate glandular trichomes (CGTs). But the development process of PGTs in lavender has been reported in only a few studies to date. RESULTS In this study, we identified and quantified the VOCs in four lavender cultivars by headspace-solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 66 VOCs were identified in these four cultivars, the most prominent of which were linalyl acetate and linalool, and flowers were the main site of accumulation of these VOCs. Here, we examined the developmental process of PGTs, including the formation of their base, body, and apex. The apex cells contained secretory cavities, which produced VOCs. Based on the reference genome sequence of the lavender cultivar 'Jingxun 2', several R2R3-MYB subfamily genes related to GT formation were identified. These results will guide the engineering of GTs and molecular breeding of lavender for improving the VOC content. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified the VOCs in four lavender cultivars. We analyzed the formation of GTs, and compared the number and diameter size of PGTs among four lavender cultivars. Additionally, we identified four candidate genes belonging to the R2R3-MYB family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Meiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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10
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Zhang H, Xu H, Xu M, Yan X, Wang Z, Yu J, Lei B, Cui H. Transcription factors NtHD9 and NtHD12 control long glandular trichome formation via jasmonate signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2385-2399. [PMID: 36617228 PMCID: PMC10069880 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are universal epidermal structures that produce abundant specialized metabolites. However, knowledge of the initiation of glandular heads in glandular trichomes is limited. Herein, we found an intrinsic link of morphogenesis between glandular trichomes and non-glandular trichomes. Two novel homeodomain leucine zipper II members in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), NtHD9 and NtHD12, played important roles in long glandular trichome formation: NtHD9 was responsible for glandular head formation, while NtHD12 simultaneously controlled the formation of stalks and glandular heads. DAP-seq analysis suggested that NtHD9 can bind to the KKGCATTWAWTR motif of the cytochromes P450 94C1 (NtCYP94C1) promoter, which is involved in jasmonoyl-isoleucine oxidation. RNA-seq analysis of non-transformed tobacco and nthd9 plants revealed that NtHD9 modulates the expression of jasmonate (JA) signaling- and six trichome development-related genes. Notably, MeJA treatment restored the morphogenesis of long glandular trichomes in nthd9 and nthd12 plants, and the size of glandular heads increased with increasing MeJA concentration. However, the phenotype of long glandular trichome absence in double mutants of NtHD9 and NtHD12 could not be restored by MeJA. Our data demonstrate that NtHD9 and NtHD12 have distinct major functions yet overlapping roles in long glandular trichome formation via JA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hanchi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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11
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Wu M, Chang J, Han X, Shen J, Yang L, Hu S, Huang BB, Xu H, Xu M, Wu S, Li P, Hua B, Yang M, Yang Z, Wu S. A HD-ZIP transcription factor specifies fates of multicellular trichomes via dosage-dependent mechanisms in tomato. Dev Cell 2023; 58:278-288.e5. [PMID: 36801006 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Hair-like structures are shared by most living organisms. The hairs on plant surfaces, commonly referred to as trichomes, form diverse types to sense and protect against various stresses. However, it is unclear how trichomes differentiate into highly variable forms. Here, we show that a homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) transcription factor named Woolly controls the fates of distinct trichomes in tomato via a dosage-dependent mechanism. The autocatalytic reinforcement of Woolly is counteracted by an autoregulatory negative feedback loop, creating a circuit with a high or low Woolly level. This biases the transcriptional activation of separate antagonistic cascades that lead to different trichome types. Our results identify the developmental switch of trichome formation and provide mechanistic insights into the progressive fate specification in plants, as well as a path to enhancing plant stress resistance and the production of beneficial chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minliang Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Han
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingyuan Shen
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liling Yang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shourong Hu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ben-Ben Huang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shurong Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pengxue Li
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bin Hua
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meina Yang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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12
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Xie Q, Xiong C, Yang Q, Zheng F, Larkin RM, Zhang J, Wang T, Zhang Y, Ouyang B, Lu Y, Ye J, Ye Z, Yang C. A novel regulatory complex mediated by Lanata (Ln) controls multicellular trichome formation in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2294-2310. [PMID: 36102042 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes that originate from plant aerial epidermis act as mechanical and chemical barriers against herbivores. Although several regulators have recently been identified, the regulatory pathway underlying multicellular trichome formation remains largely unknown in tomato. Here, we report a novel HD-ZIP IV transcription factor, Lanata (Ln), a missense mutation which caused the hairy phenotype. Biochemical analyses demonstrate that Ln separately interacts with two trichome regulators, Woolly (Wo) and Hair (H). Genetic and molecular evidence demonstrates that Ln directly regulates the expression of H. The interaction between Ln and Wo can increase trichome density by enhancing the expression of SlCycB2 and SlCycB3, which we previously showed are involved in tomato trichome formation. Furthermore, SlCycB2 represses the transactivation of the SlCycB3 gene by Ln and vice versa. Our findings provide new insights into the novel regulatory network controlling multicellular trichome formation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fangyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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13
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Yu J, Lei B, Zhao H, Wang B, Kakar KU, Guo Y, Zhang X, Jia M, Yang H, Zhao D. Cloning, characterization and functional analysis of NtMYB306a gene reveals its role in wax alkane biosynthesis of tobacco trichomes and stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1005811. [PMID: 36275561 PMCID: PMC9583951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1005811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized hair-like organs found on epidermal cells of many terrestrial plants, which protect plant from excessive transpiration and numerous abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the genetic basis and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown in Nicotiana tabacum (common tobacco), an established model system for genetic engineering and plant breeding. In present study, we identified, cloned and characterized an unknown function transcription factor NtMYB306a from tobacco cultivar K326 trichomes. Results obtained from sequence phylogenetic tree analysis showed that NtMYB306a-encoded protein belonged to S1 subgroup of the plants' R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs). Observation of the green fluorescent signals from NtMYB306a-GFP fusion protein construct exhibited that NtMYB306a was localized in nucleus. In yeast transactivation assays, the transformed yeast containing pGBKT7-NtMYB306a construct was able to grow on SD/-Trp-Ade+X-α-gal selection media, signifying that NtMYB306a exhibits transcriptional activation activity. Results from qRT-PCR, in-situ hybridization and GUS staining of transgenic tobacco plants revealed that NtMYB306a is primarily expressed in tobacco trichomes, especially tall glandular trichomes (TGTs) and short glandular trichomes (SGTs). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and qRT-PCR analysis of the NtMYB306a-overexpressing transgenic tobacco line revealed that NtMYB306a activated the expression of a set of key target genes which were associated with wax alkane biosynthesis. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) exhibited that the total alkane contents and the contents of n-C28, n-C29, n-C31, and ai-C31 alkanes in leaf exudates of NtMYB306a-OE lines (OE-3, OE-13, and OE-20) were significantly greater when compared to WT. Besides, the promoter region of NtMYB306a contained numerous stress-responsive cis-acting elements, and their differential expression towards salicylic acid and cold stress treatments reflected their roles in signal transduction and cold-stress tolerance. Together, these results suggest that NtMYB306a is necessarily a positive regulator of alkane metabolism in tobacco trichomes that does not affect the number and morphology of tobacco trichomes, and that it can be used as a candidate gene for improving stress resistance and the quality of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Huina Zhao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaleem U. Kakar
- Department of Microbiology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology and Managemnet Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Mengao Jia
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
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14
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Guo H, Cui Y, Huang L, Ge L, Xu X, Xue D, Tang M, Zheng J, Yi Y, Chen L. The RNA binding protein OsLa influences grain and anther development in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1397-1414. [PMID: 35322500 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
La proteins are found widely in eukaryotes and play a variety of vital roles. AtLa1 has been identified as an La protein that is necessary for embryogenesis in Arabidopsis; however, the existence and biological functions of La proteins in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remain unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized two La proteins in rice that are homologous to AtLa1 and named them OsLa1 and OsLa2. Both the OsLa1 and OsLa2 genes encode RNA-binding proteins with an La domain and two RNA-binding domains. Mutant OsLa1 reduced grain length and pollen fertility, whereas OsLa1 overexpression caused the opposite phenotypes. Further experiments indicated that OsLa1 modulates grain size by influencing cell expansion. Interestingly, mutant OsLa2 resulted in thin grains with decreased weight and a low seed-setting rate. We also found that OsLa1 interacted with OsLa2 and that both OsLa1 and OsLa2 interacted with OseIF6.1, a eukaryotic translation initiation factor involved in ribosome biogenesis. In addition, OsLa1 was able to bind to OseIF6.1 mRNA to modulate its expression. Complete OseIF6.1 knockout caused lethality and OseIF6.1/oseif6.1 heterozygous plants displayed low fertility and low seed setting. Together, our results enrich our knowledge of the role of La proteins in rice growth and development, as well as the relationship between La and eIF6 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Guo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuchao Cui
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Ge
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Danyang Xue
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingsheng Zheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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15
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Han G, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wang B. Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Trichome Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:910228. [PMID: 35720574 PMCID: PMC9198495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes, protrusions formed from specialized aboveground epidermal cells, provide protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Trichomes can be unicellular, bicellular or multicellular, with multiple branches or no branches at all. Unicellular trichomes are generally not secretory, whereas multicellular trichomes include both secretory and non-secretory hairs. The secretory trichomes release secondary metabolites such as artemisinin, which is valuable as an antimalarial agent. Cotton trichomes, also known as cotton fibers, are an important natural product for the textile industry. In recent years, much progress has been made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of trichome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, Gossypium hirsutum, Oryza sativa, Cucumis sativus, Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, and Artemisia annua. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying fate determination and initiation, elongation, and maturation of unicellular, bicellular and multicellular trichomes in several representative plants. We emphasize the regulatory roles of plant hormones, transcription factors, the cell cycle and epigenetic modifications in different stages of trichome development. Finally, we identify the obstacles and key points for future research on plant trichome development, and speculated the development relationship between the salt glands of halophytes and the trichomes of non-halophytes, which provides a reference for future studying the development of plant epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongran Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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16
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Dong M, Xue S, Bartholomew ES, Zhai X, Sun L, Xu S, Zhang Y, Yin S, Ma W, Chen S, Feng Z, Geng C, Li X, Liu X, Ren H. Transcriptomic and functional analysis provides molecular insights into multicellular trichome development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:301-314. [PMID: 35171294 PMCID: PMC9070826 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes, the hair-like structures located on aerial parts of most vascular plants, are associated with a wide array of biological processes and affect the economic value of certain species. The processes involved in unicellular trichome formation have been well-studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, our understanding of the morphological changes and the underlying molecular processes involved in multicellular trichome development is limited. Here, we studied the dynamic developmental processes involved in glandular and nonglandular multicellular trichome formation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and divided these processes into five sequential stages. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of multicellular trichome formation, we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing analysis. A total of 711 multicellular trichome-related genes were screened and a model for multicellular trichome formation was developed. The transcriptome and co-expression datasets were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization. In addition, virus-induced gene silencing analysis revealed that CsHOMEOBOX3 (CsHOX3) and CsbHLH1 are involved in nonglandular trichome elongation and glandular trichome formation, respectively, which corresponds with the transcriptome data. This study presents a transcriptome atlas that provides insights into the molecular processes involved in multicellular trichome formation in cucumber and can be an important resource for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dong
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shudan Xue
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ezra S Bartholomew
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuling Zhai
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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17
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Berhin A, Nawrath C, Hachez C. Subtle interplay between trichome development and cuticle formation in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2036-2046. [PMID: 34704619 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes and cuticles are key protective epidermal specializations. This review highlights the genetic interplay existing between trichome and cuticle formation in a variety of species. Controlling trichome development, the biosynthesis of trichome-derived specialized metabolites as well as cuticle biosynthesis and deposition can be viewed as different aspects of a common defensive strategy adopted by plants to protect themselves from environmental stresses. Existence of such interplay is based on the mining of published transcriptomic data as well as on phenotypic observations in trichome or cuticle mutants where the morphology of both structures often appear to be concomitantly altered. Given the existence of several trichome developmental pathways depending on the plant species and the types of trichomes, genetic interactions between cuticle formation and trichome development are complex to decipher and not easy to generalize. Based on our review of the literature, a schematic overview of the gene network mediating this transcriptional interplay is presented for two model plant species: Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. In addition to fundamental new insights on the regulation of these processes, identifying key transcriptional switches controlling both processes could also facilitate more applied investigations aiming at improving much desired agronomical traits in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Berhin
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Lausanne, Unil-Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles Hachez
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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18
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Yan X, Cui L, Liu X, Cui Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Chen L, Cui H. NbJAZ3 is required for jasmonate-meditated glandular trichome development in Nicotiana benthamiana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13666. [PMID: 35285962 PMCID: PMC10084120 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment induces glandular trichome development in Nicotiana benthamiana, but the function of JAZ proteins, acting as core repressors, and their downstream genes have not been clearly shown in plants. Here, a bioinformatics analysis of 71 JAZ genes from tobacco, Arabidopsis thaliana, and tomato was carried out and shown to share highly conserved domains. Then, the expression profile of 17 NbJAZs in different tissues was analyzed, and NbJAZ3 was highly expressed in trichome. Through transgenic technology, we demonstrated that the glandular trichome density of NbJAZ3-overexpression lines significantly decreased with lower expression levels of NbWo, NbCycB2, and NbMIXTA. In contrast, the trichome density of NbJAZ3 RNAi lines slightly increased with higher expression level of NbWo. Given the negative protein feedback regulation relationship between NbCycB2 and NbWo, we verified that MeJA induced NbWo expression. NbWo was a direct target gene of NbJAZ3 and further demonstrated that NbJAZ3 inhibited the transcriptional activation of NbCycB2 by NbWo. Together, our findings outline a novel JA-meditated glandular trichome development model consisting of the NbJAZ3-NbWo-NbCycB2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yan
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lipeng Cui
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuchao Cui
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hongying Zhang
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Liang Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Hong Cui
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Wang Z, Yan X, Zhang H, Meng Y, Pan Y, Cui H. NtCycB2 negatively regulates tobacco glandular trichome formation, exudate accumulation, and aphid resistance. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:65-76. [PMID: 34826009 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE NtCycB2 negatively regulates the initiation of tobacco long stalk glandular trichomes and influences the expression of diterpenoid biosynthesis- and environmental stress resistance-related genes. Many asterid plants possess multicellular trichomes on their surface, both glandular and non-glandular. The CycB2 gene plays a key role in multicellular trichome initiation, but has distinct effects on different types of trichomes; its mechanisms remain unknown. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SlCycB2 negatively regulates non-glandular trichome formation, but its effects on glandular trichomes are ambiguous. In this study, we cloned the SlCycB2 homolog of Nicotiana tabacum, NtCycB2, and analyzed its effect on three types of trichomes, long stalk glandular trichomes (LGT), short stalk glandular trichomes (SGT), and non-glandular trichomes (NGT). Knocking out NtCycB2 (NtCycB2-KO) promoted LGT formation, while overexpression of NtCycB2 (NtCycB2-OE) decreased LGT density. SGT and NGT were not significantly influenced in either NtCycB2-KO or NtCycB2-OE plants, indicating that NtCycB2 regulated only LGT formation in tobacco. In addition, compared with NtCycB2-OE and control plants, NtCycB2-KO plants produced more trichome exudates, including diterpenoids and sugar esters, and exhibited stronger aphid resistance. To further elucidate the function of NtCycB2, RNA-Seq analysis of the NtCycB2-KO, NtCycB2-OE, and control plants was conducted. 2,552 and 1,933 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in NtCycB2-KO and NtCycB2-OE plants, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis of the common DEGs revealed that ion transport, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, photosynthesis, and transcription regulation processes were significantly enriched. Among these DEGs, diterpenoid biosynthesis genes were upregulated in NtCycB2-KO plants and downregulated in NtCycB2-OE plants. Two MYB transcription factors and several stress resistance-related genes were also identified, suggesting they may participate in regulating LGT formation and aphid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Wang
- College of tobacco science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- College of tobacco science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- College of tobacco science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ying Meng
- College of tobacco science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yang Pan
- College of tobacco science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hong Cui
- College of tobacco science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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20
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Zhang H, Lu X, Wang Z, Yan X, Cui H. Excretion from long glandular trichomes contributes to alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Nicotiana tabacum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117184. [PMID: 33962307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The B-type cyclin gene, CycB2, serves as a negative regulator of glandular trichome initiation. Through targeted knockout of NtCycB2 in Nicotiana tabacum cv. K326 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we created a variety, HK326, which exhibits significantly increased density and larger glandular heads of long glandular trichomes. Under Cd-stress, HK326 exhibited enhanced Cd tolerance, as demonstrated by a robust root system, strengthened cell membrane stability, and higher photosynthetic parameters. HK326 exhibited enhanced Cd-stress tolerance due to a strong excretion capacity of long glandular trichomes by forming calcium oxalate crystals. Cd mainly accumulated in tobacco shoots rather than remained in roots. Specifically, Cd levels of the HK326 shoot surface were nearly two-fold of those of K326, resulting in less Cd internally in the roots and shoots. Gene expression patterns revealed 11 Cd transporter genes that were upregulated after Cd-stress in shoots, roots, and trichomes. Among them, the NtHMA2 gene encoding heavy metal ATPases and involved in the transport of divalent heavy metal cations was expressed consistently and significantly higher in HK326 than K326, both before and after Cd-stress. NtHMA2 expression was strong in trichomes, moderate in shoots, while weak in roots. The results indicate that NtHMA2 may be involved in Cd excretion from glandular trichomes. Our findings suggest HK326 may be an appropriate candidate plant for Cd-stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xinyong Lu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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21
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Feng Z, Bartholomew ES, Liu Z, Cui Y, Dong Y, Li S, Wu H, Ren H, Liu X. Glandular trichomes: new focus on horticultural crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:158. [PMID: 34193839 PMCID: PMC8245418 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant glandular trichomes (GTs) are epidermal outgrowths with the capacity to biosynthesize and secrete specialized metabolites, that are of great scientific and practical significance. Our understanding of the developmental process of GTs is limited, and no single plant species serves as a unique model. Here, we review the genetic mechanisms of GT initiation and development and provide a summary of the biosynthetic pathways of GT-specialized metabolites in nonmodel plant species, especially horticultural crops. We discuss the morphology and classification of GT types. Moreover, we highlight technological advancements in methods employed for investigating GTs. Understanding the molecular basis of GT development and specialized metabolites not only offers useful avenues for research in plant breeding that will lead to the improved production of desirable metabolites, but also provides insights for plant epidermal development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Feng
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Horticultural Crops Breeding and Propagation, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ezra S Bartholomew
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Horticultural Crops Breeding and Propagation, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Library of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Horticultural Crops Breeding and Propagation, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Dong
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Horticultural Crops Breeding and Propagation, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sen Li
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Horticultural Crops Breeding and Propagation, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haoying Wu
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Horticultural Crops Breeding and Propagation, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Horticultural Crops Breeding and Propagation, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Horticultural Crops Breeding and Propagation, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China.
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22
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Hua B, Chang J, Xu Z, Han X, Xu M, Yang M, Yang C, Ye Z, Wu S. HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN8 mediates jasmonate-triggered trichome elongation in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1063-1077. [PMID: 33474772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones can adjust the physiology and development of plants to enhance their adaptation to biotic and abiotic challenges. Jasmonic acid (JA), one of the immunity hormones in plants, triggers genome-wide transcriptional changes in response to insect attack and wounding. Although JA is known to affect the development of trichomes, epidermal appendages that form a protective barrier against various stresses, it remains unclear how JA interacts with developmental programs that regulate trichome development. In this study, we show that JA affects trichome length in tomato by releasing the transcriptional repression mediated by Jasmonate ZIM (JAZ) proteins. We identified SlJAZ4, a negative regulator preferentially expressed in trichomes, as the critical component in JA signaling in tomato trichomes. We also identified a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene, SlHD8, as the downstream regulator of JA signaling that promotes trichome elongation. SlHD8 is also highly expressed in trichomes and physically interacts with SlJAZ4. Loss-of-function mutations in SlHD8 caused shorter trichomes, a phenotype that was only partially rescued by methyl jasmonate treatment. Our dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR assays revealed that SlHD8 regulates trichome elongation by directly binding to the promoters of a set of cell-wall-loosening protein genes and activating their transcription. Together, our findings define SlHD8-SlJAZ4 as a key module mediating JA-induced trichome elongation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhijing Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Han
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meina Yang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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23
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Shi S, An L, Mao J, Aluko OO, Ullah Z, Xu F, Liu G, Liu H, Wang Q. The CBL-Interacting Protein Kinase NtCIPK23 Positively Regulates Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development in Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020323. [PMID: 33567573 PMCID: PMC7915007 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) family is a unique group of serine/threonine protein kinase family identified in plants. Among this family, AtCIPK23 and its homologs in some plants are taken as a notable group for their importance in ions transport and stress responses. However, there are limited reports on their roles in seedling growth and development, especially in Solanaceae plants. In this study, NtCIPK23, a homolog of AtCIPK23 was cloned from Nicotiana tabacum. Expression analysis showed that NtCIPK23 is mainly expressed in the radicle, hypocotyl, and cotyledons of young tobacco seedlings. The transcriptional level of NtCIPK23 changes rapidly and spatiotemporally during seed germination and early seedling growth. To study the biological function of NtCIPK23 at these stages, the overexpressing and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out (ntcipk23) tobacco lines were generated. Phenotype analysis indicated that knock-out of NtCIPK23 significantly delays seed germination and the appearance of green cotyledon of young tobacco seedling. Overexpression of NtCIPK23 promotes cotyledon expansion and hypocotyl elongation of young tobacco seedlings. The expression of NtCIPK23 in hypocotyl is strongly upregulated by darkness and inhibited under light, suggesting that a regulatory mechanism of light might underlie. Consistently, a more obvious difference in hypocotyl length among different tobacco materials was observed in the dark, compared to that under the light, indicating that the upregulation of NtCIPK23 contributes greatly to the hypocotyl elongation. Taken together, NtCIPK23 not only enhances tobacco seed germination, but also accelerate early seedling growth by promoting cotyledon greening rate, cotyledon expansion and hypocotyl elongation of young tobacco seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.S.); (L.A.); (J.M.); (O.O.A.); (Z.U.); (F.X.); (G.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Technology Center, Shanghai Tobacco Co., Ltd., Beijing 101121, China
| | - Lulu An
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.S.); (L.A.); (J.M.); (O.O.A.); (Z.U.); (F.X.); (G.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingjing Mao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.S.); (L.A.); (J.M.); (O.O.A.); (Z.U.); (F.X.); (G.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.S.); (L.A.); (J.M.); (O.O.A.); (Z.U.); (F.X.); (G.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zia Ullah
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.S.); (L.A.); (J.M.); (O.O.A.); (Z.U.); (F.X.); (G.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fangzheng Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.S.); (L.A.); (J.M.); (O.O.A.); (Z.U.); (F.X.); (G.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.S.); (L.A.); (J.M.); (O.O.A.); (Z.U.); (F.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.S.); (L.A.); (J.M.); (O.O.A.); (Z.U.); (F.X.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Q.W.); Tel.: +86-0532-8870-1031 (H.L. & Q.W.)
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.S.); (L.A.); (J.M.); (O.O.A.); (Z.U.); (F.X.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Q.W.); Tel.: +86-0532-8870-1031 (H.L. & Q.W.)
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24
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Hua B, Chang J, Wu M, Xu Z, Zhang F, Yang M, Xu H, Wang L, Chen X, Wu S. Mediation of JA signalling in glandular trichomes by the woolly/SlMYC1 regulatory module improves pest resistance in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:375-393. [PMID: 32888338 PMCID: PMC7868972 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Almost all plants form trichomes, which protect them against insect herbivores by forming a physical barrier and releasing chemical repellents. Glandular trichomes produce a variety of specialized defensive metabolites, including volatile terpenes. Previous studies have shown that the defence hormone jasmonic acid (JA) affects trichome development and induces terpene synthases (TPSs) but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we characterized a loss-of-function allele of the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor woolly (wo) and analysed its role in mediating JA signalling in tomato. We showed that knockout of wo led to extensive trichome defects, including structural and functional changes in type VI glandular trichomes, and a dramatic reduction in terpene levels. We further found that wo directly binds to TPS gene promoters to recruit SlMYC1, a JA signalling modulator, and that together these transcription factors promote terpene biosynthesis in tomato trichomes. The wo/SlMYC1 regulatory module is inhibited by SlJAZ2 through a competitive binding mechanism, resulting in a fine-tuned JA response in tomato trichomes. Enhanced expression of SlMYC1 substantially increased terpene levels and improved tomato resistance to spider mites. Interestingly, we also found that SlMYC1 plays an additional role in glandular cell division and expansion in type VI trichomes, independent of JA. Together, our results reveal a novel, JA-mediated regulatory mechanism that promotes insect resistance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hua
- College of HorticultureFAFU‐UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jiang Chang
- College of HorticultureFAFU‐UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Minliang Wu
- College of HorticultureFAFU‐UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhijing Xu
- College of HorticultureFAFU‐UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Fanyu Zhang
- College of HorticultureFAFU‐UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Meina Yang
- College of HorticultureFAFU‐UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of HorticultureFAFU‐UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ling‐Jian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Ya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghaiChina
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of HorticultureFAFU‐UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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25
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Liu S, Fan L, Liu Z, Yang X, Zhang Z, Duan Z, Liang Q, Imran M, Zhang M, Tian Z. A Pd1-Ps-P1 Feedback Loop Controls Pubescence Density in Soybean. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1768-1783. [PMID: 33065270 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are universally present in plants and their development is delicately regulated. Trichomes are responsible for pubescence, whose density is associated with some agronomic traits such as insect resistance, evapotranspiration, and yield. Almost a century ago, three dominant alleles related to pubescence density in soybean, namely Pd1 (dense pubescence), Ps (sparse pubescence), and P1 (glabrous), were identified. However, their molecular identity and genetic relationships remain unclear. In this study, through a genome-wide association study and map-based cloning, we determined the genetic basis of these three traits. The sparse-pubescence phenotype of Ps was attributed to a copy-number variation of a 25.6-kb sequence that includes a gene encoding a protein with WD40 and RING domains. The dense-pubescence phenotype of Pd1 was attributed to a T-C transition in the last exon of an HD-Zip transcription factor gene, and the glabrous phenotype of P1 was caused by a G-A transition in the first exon of a lipid transfer protein gene. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that Pd1 functions as a transcriptional activator that can bind the promoters of the P1 and Ps genes to induce their expression; Interestingly, Pd1 can also bind its own promoter and inhibit its gene transcription. In addition, Ps can interact with Pd1 and weaken the transcriptional activity of Pd1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Pd1, Ps, and P1 form a complex feedback loop to regulate pubescence formation in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongbiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianjin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Li J, Ye C, Chang C. Comparative transcriptomics analysis revealing flower trichome development during flower development in two Lonicera japonica Thunb. cultivars using RNA-seq. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:341. [PMID: 32680457 PMCID: PMC7368687 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera japonica Thunb. (L. japonica) has the functions of clearing away heat and detoxifying, broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-virus, etc. More than 70% of anti-inflammatory and cold Chinese patent medicines contain L. japonica. Trichomes comprise specialized multicellular structures that have the capacity to synthesize and secrete secondary metabolites and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The extraction of trichome secretions has great commercial value. However, little is known about the trichome formation mechanism in L. japonica. Therefore, the study of trichome development between different varieties provides a basis for selecting suitable planting resources. RESULTS Here, we present a genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis between two L. japonica cultivars, toward the identification of biological processes and functional gene activities that occur during flowering stage trichome development. In this study, the density and average lengths of flower trichomes were at their highest during three-green periods (S2). Using the Illumina RNA-Seq method, we obtained 134,304 unigenes, 33,733 of which were differentially expressed. In an analysis of 40 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) involved in trichome development, 29 of these were transcription factors. The DEGs analysis of plant hormone signal transduction indicated that plant growth and development may be independent of gibberellin (GA) and cytokinine (CTK) signaling pathways, and plant stress may be independent of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. We screened several genes involved in the floral biosynthesis of odors, tastes, colors, and plant hormones, and proposed biosynthetic pathways for sesquiterpenoid, triterpenoid, monoterpenoid, flavonoid, and plant hormones. Furthermore, 82 DEGs were assigned to cell cycles and 2616 were predicted as plant resistance genes (PRGs). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the expression profiles of flower development during the seven developmental stages of L. japonica, thereby offering valuable insights into the molecular networks that underly flower development in L. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Green Medicine Biotechnology Henan Engineering Laboratory, Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude Drugs in Henan Province, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Chenglin Ye
- Green Medicine Biotechnology Henan Engineering Laboratory, Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude Drugs in Henan Province, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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