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Huang J, Ladd SN, Ingrisch J, Kübert A, Meredith LK, van Haren J, Bamberger I, Daber LE, Kühnhammer K, Bailey K, Hu J, Fudyma J, Shi L, Dippold MA, Meeran K, Miller L, O’Brien MJ, Yang H, Herrera-Ramírez D, Hartmann H, Trumbore S, Bahn M, Werner C, Lehmann MM. The mobilization and transport of newly fixed carbon are driven by plant water use in an experimental rainforest under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2545-2557. [PMID: 38271585 PMCID: PMC11358253 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are building blocks for biomass and fuel metabolic processes. However, it remains unclear how tropical forests mobilize, export, and transport NSCs to cope with extreme droughts. We combined drought manipulation and ecosystem 13CO2 pulse-labeling in an enclosed rainforest at Biosphere 2, assessed changes in NSCs, and traced newly assimilated carbohydrates in plant species with diverse hydraulic traits and canopy positions. We show that drought caused a depletion of leaf starch reserves and slowed export and transport of newly assimilated carbohydrates below ground. Drought effects were more pronounced in conservative canopy trees with limited supply of new photosynthates and relatively constant water status than in those with continual photosynthetic supply and deteriorated water status. We provide experimental evidence that local utilization, export, and transport of newly assimilated carbon are closely coupled with plant water use in canopy trees. We highlight that these processes are critical for understanding and predicting tree resistance and ecosystem fluxes in tropical forest under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbei Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - S Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Ingrisch
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angelika Kübert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Meredith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S. Biosphere Rd, Oracle, AZ 85739, USA
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S. Biosphere Rd, Oracle, AZ 85739, USA
- Honors College, University of Arizona, 1101 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Ines Bamberger
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Atmospheric Chemistry Group, University of Bayreuth (BayCEER), Germany
| | - L Erik Daber
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kühnhammer
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kinzie Bailey
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jia Hu
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jane Fudyma
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lingling Shi
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathiravan Meeran
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luke Miller
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S. Biosphere Rd, Oracle, AZ 85739, USA
| | - Michael J O’Brien
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Almería, Spain
| | - Hui Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Forest Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur-Straße 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Susan Trumbore
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Tsuji C, Dannoura M, Desalme D, Angeli N, Takanashi S, Kominami Y, Epron D. Drought affects the fate of non-structural carbohydrates in hinoki cypress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:784-796. [PMID: 34635913 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tree species that close stomata early in response to drought are likely to suffer from an imbalance between limited carbohydrate supply due to reduced photosynthesis and metabolic demand. Our objective was to clarify the dynamic responses of non-structural carbohydrates to drought in a water-saving species, the hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.). To this end, we pulse-labeled young trees with 13CO2 10 days after the beginning of the drought treatment. Trees were harvested 7 days later, early during drought progression, and 86 days later when they had suffered from a long and severe drought. The labeled carbon (C) was traced in phloem extract, in the organic matter and starch of all the organs, and in the soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) of the most metabolically active organs (foliage, green branches and fine roots). No drought-related changes in labeled C partitioning between belowground and aboveground organs were observed. The C allocation between non-structural carbohydrates was altered early during drought progression: starch concentration was lower by half in the photosynthetic organs, while the concentration of almost all soluble sugars tended to increase. The preferential allocation of labeled C to glucose and fructose reflected an increased demand for soluble sugars for osmotic adjustment. After 3 months of a lethal drought, the concentrations of soluble sugars and starch were admittedly lower in drought-stressed trees than in the controls, but the pool of non-structural carbohydrates was far from completely depleted. However, the allocation to storage had been impaired by drought; photosynthesis and the sugar translocation rate had also been reduced by drought. Failure to maintain cell turgor through osmoregulation and to refill embolized xylem due to the depletion in soluble sugars in the roots could have resulted in tree mortality in hinoki cypress, though the total pool of carbohydrate was not completely depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Tsuji
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masako Dannoura
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dorine Desalme
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 34 cours Léopold, Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Nicolas Angeli
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 34 cours Léopold, Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Satoru Takanashi
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kansai Research Centre, 68 Nagaikyutaroh, Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Yuji Kominami
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Daniel Epron
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 34 cours Léopold, Nancy F-54000, France
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Fan Y, Qi J, Xiao X, Li H, Lan J, Huang Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Tao J, Tang C. Transcript and Protein Profiling Provides Insights Into the Molecular Mechanisms of Harvesting-Induced Latex Production in Rubber Tree. Front Genet 2022; 13:756270. [PMID: 35222526 PMCID: PMC8869608 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.756270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber, an important industrial raw material with wide applications, is harvested in the form of latex (cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers) from Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree) by the way of tapping. Conspicuous stimulation on latex production is observed for the first few tappings conducted on virgin (untapped before) or resting (tapped before but no tapping for a period) rubber trees. To understand the underlying mechanisms, an integrative analysis of the latex transcriptome and proteome was conducted on virgin or resting Hevea trees for the first five tappings. A total of 505 non-redundant differentially expressed (DE) transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were identified by silver-staining cDNA-AFLP, with 217 exhibiting patterns of upregulated, 180 downregulated and 108 irregularly-regulated. Meanwhile, 117 two dimensional gel electrophoresis DE-protein spots were isolated and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis, with 89 and 57 being successfully identified by MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF, respectively. About 72.5% DE-TDFs and 76.1% DE-proteins were functionally annotated and categorized. Noteworthily, most of the DE-TDFs implicated in sugar transport and metabolism as well as rubber biosynthesis were upregulated by the tapping treatment. The importance of sugar metabolism in harvesting-induced latex production was reinforced by the identification of abundant relevant DE-protein spots. About 83.8% of the randomly selected DE-TDFs were validated for expression patterns by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and an 89.7% consistency for the 29 latex regeneration-related DE-TDFs examined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In brief, our results reveal extensive physiological and molecular changes in Hevea laticifers incurred by the tapping treatment, and the vast number of DE genes and proteins identified here contribute to unraveling the gene regulatory network of tapping-stimulated latex production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Fan
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Heping Li
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jixian Lan
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yacheng Huang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Chaorong Tang,
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