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Mou L, Zhang L, Qiu Y, Liu M, Wu L, Mo X, Chen J, Liu F, Li R, Liu C, Tian M. Endogenous Hormone Levels and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Mechanisms of Bulbil Initiation in Pinellia ternata. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6149. [PMID: 38892337 PMCID: PMC11173086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinellia ternata is a medicinal plant that has important pharmacological value, and the bulbils serve as the primary reproductive organ; however, the mechanisms underlying bulbil initiation remain unclear. Here, we characterized bulbil development via histological, transcriptomic, and targeted metabolomic analyses to unearth the intricate relationship between hormones, genes, and bulbil development. The results show that the bulbils initiate growth from the leaf axillary meristem (AM). In this stage, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), isopentenyl adenosine (IPA), and salicylic acid (SA) were highly enriched, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and 5-dexoxystrigol (5-DS) were notably decreased. Through OPLS-DA analysis, SA has emerged as the most crucial factor in initiating and positively regulating bulbil formation. Furthermore, a strong association between IPA and SA was observed during bulbil initiation. The transcriptional changes in IPT (Isopentenyltransferase), CRE1 (Cytokinin Response 1), A-ARR (Type-A Arabidopsis Response Regulator), B-ARR (Type-B Arabidopsis Response Regulator), AUX1 (Auxin Resistant 1), ARF (Auxin Response Factor), AUX/IAA (Auxin/Indole-3-acetic acid), GH3 (Gretchen Hagen 3), SAUR (Small Auxin Up RNA), GA2ox (Gibberellin 2-oxidase), GA20ox (Gibberellin 20-oxidase), AOS (Allene oxide synthase), AOC (Allene oxide cyclase), OPR (Oxophytodienoate Reductase), JMT (JA carboxy l Methyltransferase), COI1 (Coronatine Insensitive 1), JAZ (Jasmonate ZIM-domain), MYC2 (Myelocytomatosis 2), D27 (DWARF27), SMAX (Suppressor of MAX2), PAL (Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase), ICS (Isochorismate Synthase), NPR1 (Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-related Genes1), TGA (TGACG Sequence-specific Binding), PR-1 (Pathogenesis-related), MCSU (Molybdenium Cofactor Sulfurase), PP2C (Protein Phosphatase 2C), and SnRK (Sucrose Non-fermenting-related Protein Kinase 2) were highly correlated with hormone concentrations, indicating that bulbil initiation is coordinately controlled by multiple phytohormones. Notably, eight TFs (transcription factors) that regulate AM initiation have been identified as pivotal regulators of bulbil formation. Among these, WUS (WUSCHEL), CLV (CLAVATA), ATH1 (Arabidopsis Thaliana Homeobox Gene 1), and RAX (Regulator of Axillary meristems) have been observed to exhibit elevated expression levels. Conversely, LEAFY demonstrated contrasting expression patterns. The intricate expression profiles of these TFs are closely associated with the upregulated expression of KNOX(KNOTTED-like homeobox), suggesting a intricate regulatory network underlying the complex process of bulbil initiation. This study offers a profound understanding of the bulbil initiation process and could potentially aid in refining molecular breeding techniques specific to P. ternata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mengliang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.M.); (L.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.L.); (L.W.); (X.M.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (R.L.); (C.L.)
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2
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Wang XY, Zhu NN, Yang JS, Zhou D, Yuan ST, Pan XJ, Jiang CX, Wu ZG. CwJAZ4/9 negatively regulates jasmonate-mediated biosynthesis of terpenoids through interacting with CwMYC2 and confers salt tolerance in Curcuma wenyujin. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38679901 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Plant JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) genes play crucial roles in regulating the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and stressful responses. However, understanding of JAZs controlling these biological processes lags due to numerous JAZ copies. Here, we found that two leaf-specific CwJAZ4/9 genes from Curcuma wenyujin are strongly induced by methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) and negatively correlated with terpenoid biosynthesis. Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation imaging and in vitro pull-down assays confirmed that CwJAZ4/9 proteins interact with CwMYC2 to form the CwJAZ4/9-CwMYC2 regulatory cascade. Furthermore, transgenic hairy roots showed that CwJAZ4/9 acts as repressors of MeJA-induced terpenoid biosynthesis by inhibiting the terpenoid pathway and jasmonate response, thus reducing terpenoid accumulation. In addition, we revealed that CwJAZ4/9 decreases salt sensitivity and sustains the growth of hairy roots under salt stress by suppressing the salt-mediated jasmonate responses. Transcriptome analysis for MeJA-mediated transgenic hairy root lines further confirmed that CwJAZ4/9 negatively regulates the terpenoid pathway genes and massively alters the expression of genes related to salt stress signaling and responses, and crosstalks of multiple phytohormones. Altogether, our results establish a genetic framework to understand how CwJAZ4/9 inhibits terpenoid biosynthesis and confers salt tolerance, which provides a potential strategy for producing high-value pharmaceutical terpenoids and improving resistant C. wenyujin varieties by a genetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Shun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ton Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Pan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Shu F, Wang D, Sarsaiya S, Jin L, Liu K, Zhao M, Wang X, Yao Z, Chen G, Chen J. Bulbil initiation: a comprehensive review on resources, development, and utilisation, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms, advanced technologies, and future prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343222. [PMID: 38650701 PMCID: PMC11033377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bulbil is an important asexual reproductive structure of bulbil plants. It mainly grows in leaf axils, leaf forks, tubers and the upper and near ground ends of flower stems of plants. They play a significant role in the reproduction of numerous herbaceous plant species by serving as agents of plant propagation, energy reserves, and survival mechanisms in adverse environmental conditions. Despite extensive research on bulbil-plants regarding their resources, development mechanisms, and utilisation, a comprehensive review of bulbil is lacking, hindering progress in exploiting bulbil resources. This paper provides a systematic overview of bulbil research, including bulbil-plant resources, identification of development stages and maturity of bulbils, cellular and molecular mechanisms of bulbil development, factors influencing bulbil development, gene research related to bulbil development, multi-bulbil phenomenon and its significance, medicinal value of bulbils, breeding value of bulbils, and the application of plant tissue culture technology in bulbil production. The application value of the Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System (TIBS) and Terahertz (THz) in bulbil breeding is also discussed, offering a comprehensive blueprint for further bulbil resource development. Additionally, additive, seven areas that require attention are proposed: (1) Utilization of modern network technologies, such as plant recognition apps or websites, to collect and identify bulbous plant resources efficiently and extensively; (2) Further research on cell and tissue structures that influence bulb cell development; (3) Investigation of the network regulatory relationship between genes, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetics in bulbil development; (4) Exploration of the potential utilization value of multiple sprouts, including medicinal, ecological, and horticultural applications; (5) Innovation and optimization of the plant tissue culture system for bulbils; (6) Comprehensive application research of TIBS for large-scale expansion of bulbil production; (7) To find out the common share genetics between bulbils and flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Leilei Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Bozhou Xinghe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Bozhou, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui of Institution of Health and Medicine, Bozhou, Anhui Provence, China
| | - Mengru Zhao
- Bozhou Xinghe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Bozhou, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yao
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guoguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Xin Y, Chen X, Liang J, Wang S, Pan W, Wu J, Zhang M, Zaccai M, Yu X, Zhang X, Wu J, Du Y. Auxin regulates bulbil initiation by mediating sucrose metabolism in Lilium lancifolium. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae054. [PMID: 38706581 PMCID: PMC11069426 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Lily bulbils, which serve as advantageous axillary organs for vegetative propagation, have not been extensively studied in terms of the mechanism of bulbil initiation. The functions of auxin and sucrose metabolism have been implicated in axillary organ development, but their relationship in regulating bulbil initiation remains unclear. In this study, exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatment increased the endogenous auxin levels at leaf axils and significantly decreased bulbil number, whereas treatment with the auxin polar transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), which resulted in a low auxin concentration at leaf axils, stimulated bulbil initiation and increased bulbil number. A low level of auxin caused by NPA spraying or silencing of auxin biosynthesis genes YUCCA FLAVIN MONOOXYGENASE-LIKE 6 (LlYUC6) and TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASERELATED 1 (LlTAR1) facilitated sucrose metabolism by activating the expression of SUCROSE SYNTHASES 1 (LlSusy1) and CELL WALL INVERTASE 2 (LlCWIN2), resulting in enhanced bulbil initiation. Silencing LlSusy1 or LlCWIN2 hindered bulbil initiation. Moreover, the transcription factor BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 35 (LlbHLH35) directly bound the promoter of LlSusy1, but not the promoter of LlCWIN2, and activated its transcription in response to the auxin content, bridging the gap between auxin and sucrose metabolism. In conclusion, our results reveal that an LlbHLH35-LlSusy1 module mediates auxin-regulated sucrose metabolism during bulbil initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xin
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Michele Zaccai
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Xu W, Fan H, Pei X, Hua X, Xu T, He Q. mRNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq Analyses Provide Insights into the Mechanism of Pinellia ternata Bulbil Initiation Induced by Phytohormones. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1727. [PMID: 37761867 PMCID: PMC10531394 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit (abbreviated as P. ternata) is a plant with an important medicinal value whose yield is restricted by many factors, such as low reproductive efficiency and continuous cropping obstacles. As an essential breeding material for P. ternata growth and production, the bulbils have significant advantages such as a high survival rate and short breeding cycles. However, the location effect, influencing factors, and molecular mechanism of bulbil occurrence and formation have not been fully explored. In this study, exogenously applied phytohormones were used to induce in vitro petiole of P. ternata to produce bulbil structure. Transcriptome sequencing of mRNA and miRNA were performed in the induced petiole (TCp) and the induced bulbil (TCb). Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed for the identification of key genes and pathways involved in bulbil development. A total of 58,019 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The GO and KEGG analysis indicated that DEGs were mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. The expression profiles of miR167a, miR171a, and miR156a during bulbil induction were verified by qRT-PCR, indicating that these three miRNAs and their target genes may be involved in the process of bulbil induction and play an important role. However, further molecular biological experiments are required to confirm the functions of the identified bulbil development-related miRNAs and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.X.); (H.F.); (X.P.); (X.H.)
| | - Haoyu Fan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.X.); (H.F.); (X.P.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaomin Pei
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.X.); (H.F.); (X.P.); (X.H.)
| | - Xuejun Hua
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.X.); (H.F.); (X.P.); (X.H.)
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.X.); (H.F.); (X.P.); (X.H.)
| | - Qiuling He
- Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Wang H, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Yang H, Liu J, Li M, Cui X, Liang S, Cheng Q, Shen H. Characterization of the Molecular Events Underlying the Establishment of Axillary Meristem Region in Pepper. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12718. [PMID: 37628899 PMCID: PMC10454251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture is a major motif of plant diversity, and shoot branching patterns primarily determine the aerial architecture of plants. In this study, we identified an inbred pepper line with fewer lateral branches, 20C1734, which was free of lateral branches at the middle and upper nodes of the main stem with smooth and flat leaf axils. Successive leaf axil sections confirmed that in normal pepper plants, for either node n, Pn (Primordium n) < 1 cm and Pn+1 < 1 cm were the critical periods between the identification of axillary meristems and the establishment of the region, whereas Pn+3 < 1 cm was fully developed and formed a completely new organ. In 20C1734, the normal axillary meristematic tissue region establishment and meristematic cell identity confirmation could not be performed on the axils without axillary buds. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that "auxin-activated signaling pathway", "response to auxin", "response to abscisic acid", "auxin biosynthetic process", and the biosynthesis of the terms/pathways, such as "secondary metabolites", were differentially enriched in different types of leaf axils at critical periods of axillary meristem development. The accuracy of RNA-seq was verified using RT-PCR for some genes in the pathway. Several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to endogenous phytohormones were targeted, including several genes of the PINs family. The endogenous hormone assay showed extremely high levels of IAA and ABA in leaf axils without axillary buds. ABA content in particular was unusually high. At the same time, there is no regular change in IAA level in this type of leaf axils (normal leaf axils will be accompanied by AM formation and IAA content will be low). Based on this, we speculated that the contents of endogenous hormones IAA and ABA in 20C1734 plant increased sharply, which led to the abnormal expression of genes in related pathways, which affected the formation of Ams in leaf axils in the middle and late vegetative growth period, and finally, nodes without axillary buds and side branches appeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sujun Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijie Ma
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiankun Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyun Cui
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sun Liang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Huolin Shen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
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7
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Lv Z, Zhou D, Shi X, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhong C, Kang S, Zhao X, Yu H, Wang C. The determination of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod-sizes during the rapid-growth stage by phytohormones. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:371. [PMID: 37491223 PMCID: PMC10369843 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pod size is an important yield target trait for peanut breeding. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the determination of peanut pod size still remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, two peanut varieties with contrasting pod sizes were used for comparison of differences on the transcriptomic and endogenous hormonal levels. Developing peanut pods were sampled at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after pegging (DAP). Our results showed that the process of peanut pod-expansion could be divided into three stages: the gradual-growth stage, the rapid-growth stage and the slow-growth stage. Cytological analysis confirmed that the faster increase of cell-number during the rapid-growth stage was the main reason for the formation of larger pod size in Lps. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the expression of key genes related to the auxin, the cytokinin (CK) and the gibberellin (GA) were mostly up-regulated during the rapid-growth stage. Meanwhile, the cell division-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mostly up-regulated at 10DAP which was consistent with the cytological-observation. Additionally, the absolute quantification of phytohormones were carried out by liquid-chromatography coupled with the tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and results supported the findings from comparative transcriptomic studies. CONCLUSIONS It was speculated that the differential expression levels of TAA1 and ARF (auxin-related), IPT and B-ARR (CK-related), KAO, GA20ox and GA3ox (GA-related), and certain cell division-related genes (gene-LOC112747313 and gene-LOC112754661) were important participating factors of the determination-mechanism of peanut pod sizes. These results were informative for the elucidation of the underlying regulatory network in peanut pod-growth and would facilitate further identification of valuable target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Lv
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongying Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyao Ren
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuli Kang
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiqiu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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A 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach for the identification of differential metabolites between Chinese yam tubers and yam bulbils. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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He G, Cao Y, Wang J, Song M, Bi M, Tang Y, Xu L, Ming J, Yang P. WUSCHEL-related homeobox genes cooperate with cytokinin to promote bulbil formation in Lilium lancifolium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:387-402. [PMID: 35670734 PMCID: PMC9773970 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bulbil is an important vegetative reproductive organ in triploid tiger lily (Lilium lancifolium). Based on our previously obtained transcriptome data, we screened two WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes closely related to bulbil formation, LlWOX9 and LlWOX11. However, the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of LlWOX9 and LlWOX11 are unclear. In this study, we cloned the full-length coding sequences of LlWOX9 and LlWOX11. Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed increased branch numbers, and the overexpression of LlWOX9 and LlWOX11 in stem segments promoted bulbil formation, while the silencing of LlWOX9 and LlWOX11 inhibited bulbil formation, indicating that LlWOX9 and LlWOX11 are positive regulators of bulbil formation. Cytokinin type-B response regulators could bind to the promoters of LlWOX9 and LlWOX11 and promote their transcription. LlWOX11 could enhance cytokinin pathway signaling by inhibiting the transcription of type-A LlRR9. Our study enriches the understanding of the regulation of plant development by the WOX gene family and lays a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of bulbil formation in lily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoren He
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Cao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Bi
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchao Tang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leifeng Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ming
- Authors for correspondence: (P.P.Y.); (J.M.)
| | - Panpan Yang
- Authors for correspondence: (P.P.Y.); (J.M.)
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Chen P, Yang R, Bartels D, Dong T, Duan H. Roles of Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins in Stem/Root Tuber Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094955. [PMID: 35563355 PMCID: PMC9102914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Root and tuber crops are of great importance. They not only contribute to feeding the population but also provide raw material for medicine and small-scale industries. The yield of the root and tuber crops is subject to the development of stem/root tubers, which involves the initiation, expansion, and maturation of storage organs. The formation of the storage organ is a highly intricate process, regulated by multiple phytohormones. Gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA), as antagonists, are essential regulators during stem/root tuber development. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the roles of GA and ABA during stem/root tuber development in various tuber crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.C.); (R.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Ruixue Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.C.); (R.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Tianyu Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.C.); (R.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Hongying Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.C.); (R.Y.); (T.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Guo C, Li J, Li M, Xu X, Chen Y, Chu J, Yao X. Regulation Mechanism of Exogenous Brassinolide on Bulbil Formation and Development in Pinellia ternata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:809769. [PMID: 35069668 PMCID: PMC8766408 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.809769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The bulbil is the propagative organ of the P. ternata, which has a great effect on the yield of P. ternata. It is well known that plant hormones play important roles in bulbil formation and development. However, there is not clear about brassinolide (BR) regulation on bulbil formation and development. In this study, we revealed the effects of BR and BR biosynthesis inhibitors (propiconazole, Pcz) application on the histological observation, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis pathway, and hormone signaling pathway of P. ternata. The results showed that BR treatment reduced starch catabolism to maltodextrin and maltose in bulbil by decreasing BAM and ISA genes expression and increased cellulose catabolism to D-glucose in bulbil by enhancing edg and BGL genes expression. BR treatment enhanced the photosynthetic pigment content and potential maximum photosynthetic capacity and improved the photoprotection ability of P. ternata by increasing the dissipation of excess light energy to heat, thus reduced the photodamage in the PSII center. BR treatment increased the GA and BR content in bulbil of P. ternata, and decreased the ABA content in bulbil of P. ternata. Pcz treatment increased the level of GA, SL, ABA, and IAA in bulbil of P. ternata. BR regulated the signal transduction of BR, IAA, and ABA to regulate the formation and development of bulbil in P. ternata. These results provide molecular insight into BR regulation on bulbil formation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jigang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Minghui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xihang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianzhou Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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