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Dong C, Zhu W, Wei L, Kim JK, Ma Y, Kang SM, Wang BZ. Enhancing cross-protection against influenza by heterologous sequential immunization with mRNA LNP and protein nanoparticle vaccines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5800. [PMID: 38987276 PMCID: PMC11237032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing influenza vaccine cross-protection is imperative to alleviate the significant public health burden of influenza. Heterologous sequential immunization may synergize diverse vaccine formulations and routes to improve vaccine potency and breadth. Here we investigate the effects of immunization strategies on the generation of cross-protective immune responses in female Balb/c mice, utilizing mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) and protein-based PHC nanoparticle vaccines targeting influenza hemagglutinin. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of priming vaccination in shaping Th bias and immunodominance hierarchies. mRNA LNP prime favors Th1-leaning responses, while PHC prime elicits Th2-skewing responses. We demonstrate that cellular and mucosal immune responses are pivotal correlates of cross-protection against influenza. Notably, intranasal PHC immunization outperforms its intramuscular counterpart in inducing mucosal immunity and conferring cross-protection. Sequential mRNA LNP prime and intranasal PHC boost demonstrate optimal cross-protection against antigenically drifted and shifted influenza strains. Our study offers valuable insights into tailoring immunization strategies to optimize influenza vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Joo Kyung Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Yao Ma
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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Blinova VG, Zhdanov DD. Many Faces of Regulatory T Cells: Heterogeneity or Plasticity? Cells 2024; 13:959. [PMID: 38891091 PMCID: PMC11171907 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining the immune balance in normal and pathological conditions. In autoimmune diseases and transplantation, they restrain the loss of self-tolerance and promote engraftment, whereas in cancer, an increase in Treg numbers is mostly associated with tumor growth and poor prognosis. Numerous markers and their combinations have been used to identify Treg subsets, demonstrating the phenotypic diversity of Tregs. The complexity of Treg identification can be hampered by the unstable expression of some markers, the decrease in the expression of a specific marker over time or the emergence of a new marker. It remains unclear whether such phenotypic shifts are due to new conditions or whether the observed changes are due to initially different populations. In the first case, cellular plasticity is observed, whereas in the second, cellular heterogeneity is observed. The difference between these terms in relation to Tregs is rather blurred. Considering the promising perspectives of Tregs in regenerative cell-based therapy, the existing confusing data on Treg phenotypes require further investigation and analysis. In our review, we introduce criteria that allow us to distinguish between the heterogeneity and plasticity of Tregs normally and pathologically, taking a closer look at their diversity and drawing the line between two terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara G. Blinova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Jiang B, Zhou H, Xie X, Xia T, Ke C. Down-regulation of zinc finger protein 335 undermines natural killer cell function in mouse colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25721. [PMID: 38375265 PMCID: PMC10875430 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells constitute an active and potent anti-tumor effector population against multiple malignancies. NK cells exploit tumoricidal machinery to restrain colorectal carcinoma (CRC) expansion and invasion. Nonetheless, it is becoming increasingly evident that functional exhaustion considerably compromises the potency of NK cells in patients with CRC. To elucidate the factors that impair NK cell function in the context of CRC, we determined the role of zinc finger protein 335 (ZFP335) in modulating NK cell activity in mouse CRC induced by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. ZFP335 was profoundly decreased in NK cells in mesenteric lymph nodes of CRC-bearing mice. ZFP335 was especially diminished in NK cells that were both phenotypically and functionally exhausted. Besides, effective ZFP335 knockdown markedly undermined NK cell proliferation, tumoricidal protein production, degranulation, and cytotoxic efficacy on malignant cells, strongly suggesting that ZFP335 reinforces NK cell function. Importantly, ZFP335 knockdown lowered the expression of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and Janus kinase 3 (JAK3), both of which play crucial roles in NK cell homeostasis and activation. Collectively, ZFP335 down-regulation is essential for NK cell exhaustion in mesenteric lymph nodes of mice with CRC. We discovered a new ZFP335-JAK1/3 signaling pathway that modulates NK cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia, and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia, and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Xingwang Xie
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia, and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Tian Xia
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia, and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Chao Ke
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia, and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
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4
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Gihring A, Gärtner F, Mayer L, Roth A, Abdelrasoul H, Kornmann M, Elad L, Knippschild U. Influence of bariatric surgery on the peripheral blood immune system of female patients with morbid obesity revealed by high-dimensional mass cytometry. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131893. [PMID: 37266430 PMCID: PMC10230950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, altered levels of adipocytokines, and impaired regulation of gastrointestinal hormones. Secreted, these factors exert immunostimulatory functions directly influencing peripheral immune cells. Methods In the realm of this study, we aimed to investigate the composition and activation status of peripheral blood immune cells in female patients with morbid obesity compared to lean controls using high-dimensional mass cytometry. Besides, we also assessed the influence of bariatric surgery with respect to its ability to reverse obesity-associated alterations within the first-year post-surgery. Results Patients with morbid obesity showed typical signs of chronic inflammation characterized by increased levels of CRP and fibrinogen. Apart from that, metabolic alterations were characterized by increased levels of leptin and resistin as well as decreased levels of adiponectin and ghrelin compared to the healthy control population. All these however, except for ghrelin levels, rapidly normalized after surgery with regard to control levels. Furthermore, we found an increased population of monocytic CD14+, HLA-DR-, CD11b+, CXCR3+ cells in patients with morbid obesity and an overall reduction of the HLA-DR monocytic expression compared to the control population. Although CD14+, HLA-DR-, CD11b+, CXCR3+ decreased after surgery, HLA-DR expression did not recover within 9 - 11 months post-surgery. Moreover, compared to the control population, patients with morbid obesity showed a perturbed CD4+ T cell compartment, characterized by a strongly elevated CD127+ memory T cell subset and decreased naïve T cells, which was not recovered within 9 - 11 months post-surgery. Although NK cells showed an activated phenotype, they were numerically lower in patients with morbid obesity when compared to healthy controls. The NK cell population further decreased after surgery and did not recover quantitatively within the study period. Conclusions Our results clearly demonstrate that the rapid adaptions in inflammatory parameters and adipocytokine levels that occur within the first year post-surgery do not translate to the peripheral immune cells. Apart from that, we described highly affected, distinct immune cell subsets, defined as CD127+ memory T cells and monocytic CD14+, HLA-DR, CD11b+, CXCR3+ cells, that might play a significant role in understanding and further decoding the etiopathogenesis of morbid obesity.
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5
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Sun H, Kang X, Chen X, Cai L, Li Y, Yu J, Wu C, Deng X. Immunosenescence evaluation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 957 healthy adults from 20 to 95 years old. Exp Gerontol 2021; 157:111615. [PMID: 34728337 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is characterized by an age-related decline in immune system function. Major efforts have been made to identify changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets accompanying immunosenescence in elderly adults. However, the change trends of some lymphocyte subsets with age are still controversial, and populations of advanced ages, such as people in their 80s or 90s, have not yet been thoroughly investigated. To provide further insight, we recruited 957 healthy donors without certain diseases with ages ranging from 20 to 95 years. Peripheral lymphocyte subsets, including T cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells and NK cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio were measured by flow cytometry. Additionally, regulatory CD4 T cells with inhibitory functions marked by CD3+CD4+CD25hi and the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD28 on CD8 T cells were evaluated. Sex was considered at the same time. The data indicated that in elderly people, peripheral T (p < 0.001), CD4 T (p < 0.001) and B (p < 0.001) lymphocyte subsets decreased, but the NK cell population (p < 0.001) increased. More regulatory CD4 T cells may imply stronger inhibition in the elderly population. The decreased CD28 expression with age in females verified CD28 to be an immunosenescence marker and the sharply decreased CD28 expression after 75 years in males indicated a rapid immunosenescence at the late life span of the male populations. In addition, our study established reference values for peripheral lymphocyte subsets at different age stages in males and females, which are urgently needed for the clinical management and treatment of geriatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqiang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuru Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jihong Yu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Xinli Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Tong O, Duette G, O’Neil TR, Royle CM, Rana H, Johnson B, Popovic N, Dervish S, Brouwer MAE, Baharlou H, Patrick E, Ctercteko G, Palmer S, Lee E, Hunter E, Harman AN, Cunningham AL, Nasr N. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells have divergent effects on HIV infection of initial target cells and induce a pro-retention phenotype. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009522. [PMID: 33872331 PMCID: PMC8084337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although HIV infection inhibits interferon responses in its target cells in vitro, interferon signatures can be detected in vivo soon after sexual transmission, mainly attributed to plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In this study, we examined the physiological contributions of pDCs to early HIV acquisition using coculture models of pDCs with myeloid DCs, macrophages and the resting central, transitional and effector memory CD4 T cell subsets. pDCs impacted infection in a cell-specific manner. In myeloid cells, HIV infection was decreased via antiviral effects, cell maturation and downregulation of CCR5 expression. In contrast, in resting memory CD4 T cells, pDCs induced a subset-specific increase in intracellular HIV p24 protein expression without any activation or increase in CCR5 expression, as measured by flow cytometry. This increase was due to reactivation rather than enhanced viral spread, as blocking HIV entry via CCR5 did not alter the increased intracellular p24 expression. Furthermore, the load and proportion of cells expressing HIV DNA were restricted in the presence of pDCs while reverse transcriptase and p24 ELISA assays showed no increase in particle associated reverse transcriptase or extracellular p24 production. In addition, pDCs also markedly induced the expression of CD69 on infected CD4 T cells and other markers of CD4 T cell tissue retention. These phenotypic changes showed marked parallels with resident memory CD4 T cells isolated from anogenital tissue using enzymatic digestion. Production of IFNα by pDCs was the main driving factor for all these results. Thus, pDCs may reduce HIV spread during initial mucosal acquisition by inhibiting replication in myeloid cells while reactivating latent virus in resting memory CD4 T cells and retaining them for immune clearance. IFNs constitute one of the first and most important innate immune controls to restrict initial viral replication and spread. As HIV has evolved mechanisms to block IFN-I induction in its target cells, but not in infiltrating pDCs, understanding how pDCs influence HIV infection of target cells upon initial transmission is critical to prevent or control initial infection. Therefore, we modelled the early events occurring immediately as HIV enters the human genital mucosa. We showed that IFNα secreting pDC compensated for HIV inhibition of IFN-I production in its target cells in two different ways: i) reduced infection in DCs and macrophages which would limit viral spread to resident or newly infiltrating memory CD4 T cells; ii) reactivation of latent HIV in all subsets of resting memory CD4 T cell subsets, accompanied by limited viral spread, upregulation of MHC-I and induction of a tissue retention phenotype. The increased HIV protein, MHC-I expression and retention may enhance exposure to CD8 T cell surveillance. This model suggests that IFNα reactivation of latent HIV combined with adoptive immunotherapy using CD8 T cells or those expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) could provide a novel ‘kick and kill’ approach to eradicate HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orion Tong
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gabriel Duette
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas R. O’Neil
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caroline M. Royle
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hafsa Rana
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Blake Johnson
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Popovic
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suat Dervish
- Westmead research Hub, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle A. E. Brouwer
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heeva Baharlou
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ellis Patrick
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grahame Ctercteko
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Palmer
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eunok Lee
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric Hunter
- Emory Vaccine Centre, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew N. Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony L. Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (ALC); (NN)
| | - Najla Nasr
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (ALC); (NN)
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Pothlichet J, Rose T, Bugault F, Jeammet L, Meola A, Haouz A, Saul F, Geny D, Alcami J, Ruiz-Mateos E, Teyton L, Lambeau G, Thèze J. PLA2G1B is involved in CD4 anergy and CD4 lymphopenia in HIV-infected patients. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2872-2887. [PMID: 32436864 DOI: 10.1172/jci131842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanism leading to profound immunodeficiency of HIV-infected patients is still only partially understood. Here, we show that more than 80% of CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected patients have morphological abnormalities. Their membranes exhibited numerous large abnormal membrane microdomains (aMMDs), which trap and inactivate physiological receptors, such as that for IL-7. In patient plasma, we identified phospholipase A2 group IB (PLA2G1B) as the key molecule responsible for the formation of aMMDs. At physiological concentrations, PLA2G1B synergized with the HIV gp41 envelope protein, which appears to be a driver that targets PLA2G1B to the CD4+ T cell surface. The PLA2G1B/gp41 pair induced CD4+ T cell unresponsiveness (anergy). At high concentrations in vitro, PLA2G1B acted alone, independently of gp41, and inhibited the IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7 responses, as well as TCR-mediated activation and proliferation, of CD4+ T cells. PLA2G1B also decreased CD4+ T cell survival in vitro, likely playing a role in CD4 lymphopenia in conjunction with its induced IL-7 receptor defects. The effects on CD4+ T cell anergy could be blocked by a PLA2G1B-specific neutralizing mAb in vitro and in vivo. The PLA2G1B/gp41 pair constitutes what we believe is a new mechanism of immune dysfunction and a compelling target for boosting immune responses in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Rose
- Center for Innovation and Technological Research
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Haouz
- Plate-forme Cristallographie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Frederick Saul
- Plate-forme Cristallographie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David Geny
- INSERM U1266, NeurImag Facility, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - José Alcami
- Unidad de Immunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clinic, Institut d'investigations Biomèdiques August I Sunyer (IDIBASPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Luc Teyton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
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8
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Abrahams MR, Joseph SB, Garrett N, Tyers L, Moeser M, Archin N, Council OD, Matten D, Zhou S, Doolabh D, Anthony C, Goonetilleke N, Karim SA, Margolis DM, Pond SK, Williamson C, Swanstrom R. The replication-competent HIV-1 latent reservoir is primarily established near the time of therapy initiation. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/513/eaaw5589. [PMID: 31597754 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective at suppressing HIV-1 replication, the virus persists as a latent reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells during therapy. This reservoir forms even when ART is initiated early after infection, but the dynamics of its formation are largely unknown. The viral reservoirs of individuals who initiate ART during chronic infection are generally larger and genetically more diverse than those of individuals who initiate therapy during acute infection, consistent with the hypothesis that the reservoir is formed continuously throughout untreated infection. To determine when viruses enter the latent reservoir, we compared sequences of replication-competent viruses from resting peripheral CD4+ T cells from nine HIV-positive women on therapy to viral sequences circulating in blood collected longitudinally before therapy. We found that, on average, 71% of the unique viruses induced from the post-therapy latent reservoir were most genetically similar to viruses replicating just before ART initiation. This proportion is far greater than would be expected if the reservoir formed continuously and was always long lived. We conclude that ART alters the host environment in a way that allows the formation or stabilization of most of the long-lived latent HIV-1 reservoir, which points to new strategies targeted at limiting the formation of the reservoir around the time of therapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa-Rose Abrahams
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Sarah B Joseph
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Lynn Tyers
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Matthew Moeser
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nancie Archin
- UNC HIV Cure Center and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Olivia D Council
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David Matten
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Shuntai Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deelan Doolabh
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Colin Anthony
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Nilu Goonetilleke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,UNC HIV Cure Center and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,UNC HIV Cure Center and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sergei Kosakovsky Pond
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa. .,National Health Laboratory Services of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Ronald Swanstrom
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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9
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Goonetilleke N, Clutton G, Swanstrom R, Joseph SB. Blocking Formation of the Stable HIV Reservoir: A New Perspective for HIV-1 Cure. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1966. [PMID: 31507594 PMCID: PMC6714000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that the stable HIV-1 reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells is mostly formed from viruses circulating when combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is initiated. Here we explore the immunological basis for these observations. Untreated HIV-1 infection is characterized by a progressive depletion of memory CD4+ T cells which mostly express CD127, the α chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). Depletion results from both direct infection and bystander loss of memory CD4+ T cells in part attributed to dysregulated IL-7/IL-7R signaling. While IL-7/IL7R signaling is not essential for the generation of effector CD4+ T cells from naïve cells, it is essential for the further transition of effectors to memory CD4+ T cells and their subsequent homeostatic maintenance. HIV-1 infection therefore limits the transition of CD4+ T cells from an effector to long-lived memory state. With the onset of ART, virus load (VL) levels rapidly decrease and the frequency of CD127+ CD4+ memory T cells increases, indicating restoration of effector to memory transition in CD4+ T cells. Collectively these data suggest that following ART initiation, HIV-1 infected effector CD4+ T cells transition to long-lived, CD127+ CD4+ T cells forming the majority of the stable HIV-1 reservoir. We propose that combining ART initiation with inhibition of IL-7/IL-7R signaling to block CD4+ T cell memory formation will limit the generation of long-lived HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and reduce the overall size of the stable HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilu Goonetilleke
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC HIV-1 Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Genevieve Clutton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC HIV-1 Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ron Swanstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sarah B. Joseph
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Dzangué-Tchoupou G, Mariampillai K, Bolko L, Amelin D, Mauhin W, Corneau A, Blanc C, Allenbach Y, Benveniste O. CD8+ T-bet+ cells as a predominant biomarker for inclusion body myositis. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:325-333. [PMID: 30825520 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myositis is a heterogeneous group of muscular auto-immune diseases with clinical and pathological criteria that allow the classification of patients into different sub-groups. Inclusion body myositis is the most frequent myositis above fifty years of age. Diagnosing inclusion body myositis requires expertise and is challenging. Little is known concerning the pathogenic mechanisms of this disease in which conventional suppressive-immune therapies are inefficacious. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to deepen our understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in inclusion body myositis and identify specific biomarkers. METHODS Using a panel of thirty-six markers and mass cytometry, we performed deep immune profiling of peripheral blood cells from inclusion body myositis patients and healthy donors, divided into two cohorts: test and validation cohorts. Potential biomarkers were compared to myositis controls (anti-Jo1-, anti-3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase-, and anti-signal recognition particle-positive patients). RESULTS Unsupervised analyses revealed substantial changes only within CD8+ cells. We observed an increase in the frequency of CD8+ cells that expressed high levels of T-bet, and containing mainly both effector and terminally differentiated memory cells. The senescent marker CD57 was overexpressed in CD8+T-bet+ cells of inclusion body myositis patients. As expected, senescent CD8+T-bet+ CD57+ cells of both patients and healthy donors were CD28nullCD27nullCD127null. Surprisingly, non-senescent CD8+T-bet+ CD57- cells in inclusion body myositis patients expressed lower levels of CD28, CD27, and CD127, and expressed higher levels of CD38 and HLA-DR compared to healthy donors. Using classification and regression trees alongside receiver operating characteristics curves, we identified and validated a frequency of CD8+T-bet+ cells >51.5% as a diagnostic biomarker specific to inclusion body myositis, compared to myositis control patients, with a sensitivity of 94.4%, a specificity of 88.5%, and an area under the curve of 0.97. CONCLUSION Using a panel of thirty-six markers by mass cytometry, we identify an activated cell population (CD8+T-bet+ CD57- CD28lowCD27lowCD127low CD38+ HLA-DR+) which could play a role in the physiopathology of inclusion body myositis, and identify CD8+T-bet+ cells as a predominant biomarker of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Dzangué-Tchoupou
- Centre of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Kuberaka Mariampillai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, DHU I2B, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR 974, 75103 Paris, France
| | - Loïs Bolko
- Centre of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Damien Amelin
- Centre of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Wladimir Mauhin
- Centre of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Corneau
- Plateforme de Cytométrie (CyPS), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR 1135, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- Plateforme de Cytométrie (CyPS), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR 1135, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Yves Allenbach
- Centre of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, 75013 Paris, France; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, DHU I2B, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR 974, 75103 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- Centre of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, 75013 Paris, France; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, DHU I2B, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR 974, 75103 Paris, France
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Brill L, Lavon I, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Reduced expression of the IL7Ra signaling pathway in Neuromyelitis optica. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:81-89. [PMID: 30248528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that most commonly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. To characterize the immunological pathways involved in NMO, whole blood RNA expression array was performed using Nanostring nCounter technology. Two major clusters of genes were found associated with NMO: T cell-associated genes and the TNF/NF-kB signaling pathway. Analysis of the genes within the first cluster confirmed significantly reduced expression of IL7Ra (CD127) in the peripheral blood of NMO patients vs that in healthy controls. IL7Ra upstream transcription factors and its downstream survival signaling pathway were also markedly reduced. In line with the essential role of IL7Ra in T cell maturation and survival, a significantly lower number of naïve T cells, and reduced T cell survival signaling mediated by increased BID (BH3-interacting domain death agonist) expression and increased apoptosis was observed. Cumulatively, these findings indicate that the IL7Ra signaling pathway may play a role in the autoimmune process in NMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Brill
- Department of Neurology, the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah- Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | - Iris Lavon
- Department of Neurology, the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah- Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Israel; Leslie and Michael Center for Neuro-oncology, Hadassah-Medical Center, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Department of Neurology, the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah- Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Israel.
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