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de Souza PA, dos Santos MCS, de Miranda RVDSL, da Costa LV, da Silva RPP, de Miranda CAC, da Silva APR, Forsythe SJ, Bôas MHSV, Brandão MLL. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated among COVID-19 Patients in Brazil Typed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1079. [PMID: 39337864 PMCID: PMC11433527 DOI: 10.3390/life14091079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was achieved using phenotypic and molecular techniques, including their antimicrobial resistance profile and biofilm formation. Eighteen strains were isolated from a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and identified by VITEK®2, MALDI-TOF/MS (VITEK MS® and MALDI Biotyper®), and 16S rRNA sequencing. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and biofilm formation and disinfectant tolerance tests were applied to evaluate the virulence characteristics of the strains. VITEK®2 (≥99%), VITEK MS® (≥82.7%), and MALDI Biotyper® (score ≥ 2.01) accurately identified the P. aeruginosa strains, but 16S rRNA sequencing did not differentiate the species P. aeruginosa from P. paraeruginosa. FTIR typing identified three different clusters, but no correlation between the phenotypical or antimicrobial susceptibility testing patterns was found. Most strains exhibited resistance to various antimicrobials. The exceptions were sensitivity to amikacin and norfloxacin, and consequently, these could be considered potential treatment options. Most strains (n = 15, 83.3%) produced biofilms on polystyrene. Sodium hypochlorite treatment (0.5%/15 min) was shown to be the most effective disinfectant for biofilm elimination. P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and tolerance to disinfectants demonstrate the need for effective cleaning protocols to eliminate contamination by this organism in the hospital environment and medical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Araujo de Souza
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Food and Sanitizes, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Microbiological Control, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.C.S.d.S.); (R.V.d.S.L.d.M.); (L.V.d.C.); (M.L.L.B.)
| | - Milena Cristina Silva dos Santos
- Laboratory of Microbiological Control, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.C.S.d.S.); (R.V.d.S.L.d.M.); (L.V.d.C.); (M.L.L.B.)
| | | | - Luciana Veloso da Costa
- Laboratory of Microbiological Control, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.C.S.d.S.); (R.V.d.S.L.d.M.); (L.V.d.C.); (M.L.L.B.)
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Roque da Silva
- Analytical Indicators and Data Systems Section, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Marcelo Luiz Lima Brandão
- Laboratory of Microbiological Control, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.C.S.d.S.); (R.V.d.S.L.d.M.); (L.V.d.C.); (M.L.L.B.)
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Costa-Ribeiro A, Azinheiro S, Mota S, Prado M, Lamas A, Garrido-Maestu A. Assessment of the presence of Acinetobacter spp. resistant to β-lactams in commercial ready-to-eat salad samples. Food Microbiol 2024; 118:104410. [PMID: 38049272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a well-known nosocomial infection causing agent. However, other Acinetobacter spp. have also been implicated in cases of human infection. Additionally, these bacteria are known for the development of antibiotic resistance thus making the treatment of the infections they cause, challenging. Due to their relevance in clinical setups less attention has been paid to their presence in foods, and its relation with infection/dissemination routes. In the current study commercial Ready-To-Eat (RTE) salads were analyzed seeking for antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter spp. A preliminary screening allowed us to recover Gram-negative bacteria resistant to β - lactams using cefotaxime, third generation cephalosporins, as the selective agent, and this was followed by identification with CHROMagar™ Acinetobacter and 16S rDNA sequencing. Finally, the isolates identified as Acinetobacter spp. were reanalyzed by PCR to determine the presence of nine potential Extended Spectrum β Lactamases (ESBL). Two commercial RTE salad brands were included in the study (2 batches per brand and 8 samples of each batch making a total of 32 independent samples), and compared against an organic lettuce. High concentrations of β - lactam, resistant bacteria were found in all the samples tested (5 log CFU/g). Additionally, 209 isolates were phenotypically characterized on CHROMagar Acinetobacter. Finally, PCR analysis identified the presence of different ESBL genes, being positive for blaACC, blaSHV, blaDHA and blaVEB; out of these, blaACC was the most prevalent. None of the isolates screened were positive for more than one gene. To conclude, it is important to highlight the fact that pathogenic species within the genus Acinetobacter spp., other than A. baumannii, have been identified bearing resistance genes not typically associated to these microorganisms highlight the importance of continuous surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa-Ribeiro
- Health and Environment Research Center, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 712, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sarah Azinheiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sandra Mota
- Health and Environment Research Center, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 712, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Prado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.
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