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Kumar D, Kumar A. Molecular Determinants Involved in Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Regulation. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1640-1659. [PMID: 37410258 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is known for its pathogenicity, although it lives within the human body as a commensal member. The commensal nature of C. albicans is well controlled and regulated by the host's immune system as they live in the harmonized microenvironment. However, the development of certain unusual microhabitat conditions (change in pH, co-inhabiting microorganisms' population ratio, debilitated host-immune system) pokes this commensal fungus to transform into a pathogen in such a way that it starts to propagate very rapidly and tries to breach the epithelial barrier to enter the host's systemic circulations. In addition, Candida is infamous as a major nosocomial (hospital-acquired infection) agent because it enters the human body through venous catheters or medical prostheses. The hysterical mode of C. albicans growth builds its microcolony or biofilm, which is pathogenic for the host. Biofilms propose additional resistance mechanisms from host immunity or extracellular chemicals to aid their survival. Differential gene expressions and regulations within the biofilms cause altered morphology and metabolism. The genes associated with adhesiveness, hyphal/pseudo-hyphal growth, persister cell transformation, and biofilm formation by C. albicans are controlled by myriads of cell-signaling regulators. These genes' transcription is controlled by different molecular determinants like transcription factors and regulators. Therefore, this review has focused discussion on host-immune-sensing molecular determinants of Candida during biofilm formation, regulatory descriptors (secondary messengers, regulatory RNAs, transcription factors) of Candida involved in biofilm formation that could enable small-molecule drug discovery against these molecular determinants, and lead to disrupt the well-structured Candida biofilms effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
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2
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Liu Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Jiao S, Xu T, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wei J, Du W, Fujita M, Du Y, Wang ZA. Unveiling the inverse antimicrobial impact of a hetero-chitooligosaccharide on Candida tropicalis growth and biofilm formation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121999. [PMID: 38494241 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan and chitooligosaccharide (COS) are renowned for their potent antimicrobial prowess, yet the precise antimicrobial efficacy of COS remains elusive due to scant structural information about the utilized saccharides. This study delves into the antimicrobial potential of COS, spotlighting a distinct hetero-chitooligosaccharide dubbed DACOS. In contrast to other COS, DACOS remarkably fosters the growth of Candida tropicalis planktonic cells and fungal biofilms. Employing gradient alcohol precipitation, DACOS was fractionated, unveiling diverse structural characteristics and differential impacts on C. tropicalis. Notably, in a murine model of systemic candidiasis, DACOS, particularly its 70 % alcohol precipitates, manifests a promotive effect on Candida infection. This research unveils a new pathway for exploring the intricate nexus between the structural attributes of chitosan oligosaccharides and their physiological repercussions, underscoring the imperative of crafting chitosan and COS with meticulously defined structural configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122,China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruilian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Siming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Du
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122,China; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhuo A Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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3
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Queiroz da Silva ML, Ferreira de Sousa N, Dos Santos ATL, de Sousa GR, Fonseca VJA, Douglas Melo Coutinho H, Barbosa Filho JM, de Souza Ferrari J, Scotti MT, Ribeiro-Filho J, Martins de Lima JP, da Rocha JBT, Bezerra Morais-Braga MF. Inhibition of the morphological transition of Candida spp. by riparins I-IV. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024:e13007. [PMID: 38738393 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Candida spp. is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing superficial to invasive infections. Morphological transition is one of the main virulence factors of this genus and, therefore, is an important variable to be considered in pharmacological interventions. Riparins I, II, III, and IV are alkamide-type alkaloids extracted from the unripe fruit of Aniba riparia, whose remarkable pharmacological properties were previously demonstrated. This work aimed to evaluate in silico and in vitro the inhibitory effects of Riparins on the morphological transition of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. Molecular docking was applied to analyze the inhibitory effects of riparins against proteins such as N-acetylglucosamine, CYP-51, and protein kinase A (PKA) using the Ramachandran plot. The ligands were prepared by MarvinSketch and Spartan software version 14.0, and MolDock Score and Rerank Score were used to analyze the affinity of the compounds. In vitro analyses were performed by culturing the strains in humid chambers in the presence of riparins or fluconazole (FCZ). The morphology was observed through optical microscopy, and the size of the hyphae was determined using the ToupView software. In silico analysis demonstrated that all riparins are likely to interact with the molecular targets: GlcNAc (>50%), PKA (>60%), and CYP-51 (>70%). Accordingly, in vitro analysis showed that these compounds significantly inhibited the morphological transition of all Candida strains. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that riparins inhibit Candida morphological transition and, therefore, can be used to overcome the pathogenicity of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Laboratório de Quimioinformática, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), São João do Cariri, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Ribeiro de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), São João do Cariri, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), São João do Cariri, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Laboratório de Quimioinformática, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), São João do Cariri, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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Díaz MS, Soria NW, Figueroa AC, Yang P, Badariotti EH, Alasino VR, Vélez P, Beltramo DM. Transcriptional study of genes involved in the passage from teliospore to hyphae stage in the fungus Thecaphora frezii, the causal agent of peanut smut. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024; 56:175-186. [PMID: 38336597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are among the most important leguminous crops in Argentina. During the growing season, they are frequently attacked by fungal diseases, including Thecaphora frezii. The spores of T. frezii are structures that confer resistance to this phytopathogen. The transition from teliospore to hypha is a characteristic process of some fungi, which is essential for completing their life cycle. Using the transcriptomes of teliospores and hyphae of T. frezii, we aimed to identify genes that were differentially expressed during this transition, and we found 134 up-regulated and 66 down-regulated genes, which would participate in different cellular processes such as: (a) cell cycle and DNA processing; (b) cell fate; (c) rescue, defense and cellular virulence; (d) detoxification by CYP450; (e) energy; (f) nutrient interaction and nutritional adaptation; (g) metabolism; (g) proteins with binding functions or cofactor requirements; (h) stress, cell differentiation and biogenesis of cell components; and (i) transport, cell communication and transcription. The identification of genes in T. frezii and their expression levels during different stages of differentiation could contribute to our understanding of the biological mechanisms in this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Díaz
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Pabellón CEPROCOR (X5164), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Néstor W Soria
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Av. Armada Argentina 3555 (X5016DHK), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Ana C Figueroa
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Pabellón CEPROCOR (X5164), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Yang
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Av. Armada Argentina 3555 (X5016DHK), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Esteban H Badariotti
- Cátedra Introducción a las Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Av. Armada Argentina 3555 (X5016DHK), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria R Alasino
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Pabellón CEPROCOR (X5164), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Pabellón CEPROCOR (X5164), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Vélez
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Pabellón CEPROCOR (X5164), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Dante M Beltramo
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Pabellón CEPROCOR (X5164), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Av. Armada Argentina 3555 (X5016DHK), Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Pabellón CEPROCOR (X5164), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
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5
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Amin Zadeh H, Zomorodkia AA, Hadi S, Mohammad Zadeh I, Sabetghadam SAA, Hadi V. Synthesis and evaluation of the antifungal activity of 5-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide for use in the oral environment. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:211-215. [PMID: 38445048 PMCID: PMC10912861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, can cause superficial infections of the oral mucosa as well as disseminated bloodstream and deep-tissue infections. The most frequently employed class of antifungals used for Candida infection treatment are the azole antifungals. Their low price, low toxic qualities, and availability for oral use make fluconazole and similar azole antifungals the preferred treatment for various infections caused by Candida. Nevertheless, developed and intrinsic resistance to antifungals of the azole family has been widely documented in association with various species of Candida. Candida infection management requires synthesizing new compounds to improve azole class antifungals, as Candida isolates resistant to azole are increasingly encountered in the clinical setting. This study aimed to synthesize a new azole compound and investigate its antifungal activity. Methods In this experimental study, 5-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide was synthesized by the reaction between thiosemecarbazide and ethylbezoylacetate. The structure of the synthesized compound was characterized by different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and its antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis was investigated by the Spread Plat method to determine its minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results and discussion The Spread Plat test demonstrated that with the increase in 5-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide concentration, colonies of fungi were increasingly eliminated at a significant level(p < 0.001). At a concentration of 1000 ppm, all Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis colonies were destroyed. Conclusions The results indicate that the synthesized compound showed a promising antifungal effect. On the other hand, it had a suitable spectrum of effect, because it showed antifungal effects on both Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amin Zadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 76169, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Zomorodkia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health and Nutriotion, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Mohammad Zadeh
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Hadi
- Department of Health and Nutriotion, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Lim SJ, Muhd Noor ND, Sabri S, Mohamad Ali MS, Salleh AB, Oslan SN. Bibliometric analysis and thematic review of Candida pathogenesis: Fundamental omics to applications as potential antifungal drugs and vaccines. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myad126. [PMID: 38061839 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis caused by the pathogenic Candida yeast species has resulted in elevating global mortality. The pathogenicity of Candida spp. is not only originated from its primary invasive yeast-to-hyphal transition; virulence factors (transcription factors, adhesins, invasins, and enzymes), biofilm, antifungal drug resistance, stress tolerance, and metabolic adaptation have also contributed to a greater clinical burden. However, the current research theme in fungal pathogenicity could hardly be delineated with the increasing research output. Therefore, our study analysed the research trends in Candida pathogenesis over the past 37 years via a bibliometric approach against the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Based on the 3993 unique documents retrieved, significant international collaborations among researchers were observed, especially between Germany (Bernhard Hube) and the UK (Julian Naglik), whose focuses are on Candida proteinases, adhesins, and candidalysin. The prominent researchers (Neils Gow, Alistair Brown, and Frank Odds) at the University of Exeter and the University of Aberdeen (second top performing affiliation) UK contribute significantly to the mechanisms of Candida adaptation, tolerance, and stress response. However, the science mapping of co-citation analysis performed herein could not identify a hub representative of subsequent work since the clusters were semi-redundant. The co-word analysis that was otherwise adopted, revealed three research clusters; the cluster-based thematic analyses indicated the severeness of Candida biofilm and antifungal resistance as well as the elevating trend on molecular mechanism elucidation for drug screening and repurposing. Importantly, the in vivo pathogen adaptation and interactions with hosts are crucial for potential vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Jie Lim
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Dina Muhd Noor
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Salleh
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ke CL, Lew SQ, Hsieh Y, Chang SC, Lin CH. Convergent and divergent roles of the glucose-responsive kinase SNF4 in Candida tropicalis. Virulence 2023; 14:2175914. [PMID: 36745535 PMCID: PMC9928470 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2175914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1) complex is a heterotrimeric protein kinase complex that is an ortholog of the mammalian AMPK complex and is evolutionally conserved in most eukaryotes. This complex contains a catalytic subunit (Snf1), a regulatory subunit (Snf4) and a scaffolding subunit (Sip1/Sip2/Gal73) in budding yeast. Although the function of AMPK has been well studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, the role of AMPK in Candida tropicalis has never been investigated. In this study, we focused on SNF4 in C. tropicalis as this fungus cannot produce a snf1Δ mutant. We demonstrated that C. tropicalis SNF4 shares similar roles in glucose derepression and is necessary for cell wall integrity and virulence. The expression of both SNF1 and SNF4 was significantly induced when glucose was limited. Furthermore, snf4Δ strains exhibited high sensitivity to many surface-perturbing agents because the strains contained lower levels of glucan, chitin and mannan. Interestingly, in contrast to C. albicans sak1Δ and snf4Δ, C. tropicalis snf4Δ exhibited phenotypes for cell aggregation and pseudohypha production. These data indicate that SNF4 performs convergent and divergent roles in C. tropicalis and possibly other unknown roles in the C. tropicalis SNF1-SNF4 AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ling Ke
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi Qian Lew
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Hsieh
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Cheng Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,CONTACT Ching-Hsuan Lin
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Polyphyllin I Effects Candida albicans via Inhibition of Virulence Factors. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:5645500. [PMID: 36726525 PMCID: PMC9886465 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5645500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Paris polyphylla is often used in Chinese medicine to treat conditions such as carbuncles, trauma, snake bites, and mosquito bites. In the present study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of the morphological transition and extracellular phospholipase activity of Candida albicans treated with polyphyllin I (PPI). First, the minimum inhibitory concentration and antifungal activity of PPI were evaluated using the multiple microdilution method and time-killing assays. Then, the effect of PPI on the morphological transition of Candida albicans in Spider liquid medium and Sabouraud-dextrose liquid medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum was observed under an inverted microscope and by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, egg yolk agar plates were used to evaluate extracellular phospholipase activity. Gene expression was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Our results suggest that PPI inhibited the transition from the yeast to the hyphal stage and decreased secreted aspartyl proteinase activity. We further confirmed that PPI significantly downregulated the expression of extracellular phospholipase genes and cAMP-PKA signaling pathway-related genes. Taken together, our results suggest that PPI exerts anti-Candida albicans activity by inhibiting virulence characteristics, including the yeast-to-hyphal transition and the secretion of aspartyl proteases and phospholipases. The study results also indicated that PPI could be a promising therapeutic strategy for Candida albicans.
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Figueroa AC, Díaz MS, Alasino RV, Yang P, Soria NW, Beltramo DM. Expression and localization of tubulin isotypes and its mRNAs during Thecaphora frezii developments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6753202. [PMID: 36208160 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thecaphora frezii is a phytopathogenic fungus that infects Arachys hypogaea L. and produces peanut smut. It has three ontological stages teliospores, basidiospores, and hyphae. Microtubules are cellular structures that participate in various important cellular processes. In this work, we analyzed the presence and location of α-tubulin isotypes and enzymes that participate in tyrosination-detyrosination in the three stages of T. frezii. Although both tyrosinated and detyrosinated tubulin seem to be associated with a membrane fraction component that gives it a similar behavior to integral proteins, in the soluble cytosolic fraction, only detyrosinated tubulin was detected, not tyrosinated tubulin. The presence of α-tubulin was not detected using the monoclonal antibody DM1A as neither acetylated tubulin. The RNA-Seq analysis showed the presence of α, β, and γ-tubulins and the genes that codes for tyrosine-tubulin ligase and cytosolic carboxypeptidase 1, enzymes that are involved in post-translational modification processes. These sequences showed a high percentage of identity and homology with Ustilago maydis, Thecaphora thlaspeos, and Anthracocystis flocculosa. This is the first report for tubulins subpopulations and the cellular distribution in T. frezii, which together with the data obtained by RNA-Seq contribute to the knowledge of the pathogen, which will allow the development of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Figueroa
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba - CEPROCOR- Complejo Hospitalario Santa María de Punilla X6154, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Díaz
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba - CEPROCOR- Complejo Hospitalario Santa María de Punilla X6154, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roxana Valeria Alasino
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba - CEPROCOR- Complejo Hospitalario Santa María de Punilla X6154, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Argentina, - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Pablo Yang
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad Asociada al CONICET: Área de Cs. Agrarias, Ingeniería, Cs. Biológicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Avenida Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Néstor Walter Soria
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad Asociada al CONICET: Área de Cs. Agrarias, Ingeniería, Cs. Biológicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Avenida Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Dante Miguel Beltramo
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba - CEPROCOR- Complejo Hospitalario Santa María de Punilla X6154, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Argentina, - CONICET, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad Asociada al CONICET: Área de Cs. Agrarias, Ingeniería, Cs. Biológicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Avenida Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina
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Qiu L, Song JZ, Li J, Zhang TS, Li Z, Hu SJ, Liu JH, Dong JC, Cheng W, Wang JJ. The transcription factor Ron1 is required for chitin metabolism, asexual development and pathogenicity in Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:875-885. [PMID: 35278517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ndt80-like transcription factor Ron1 is best known for its essential role in the regulation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) catabolism. Ron1 was again found to be essential for sensing GlcNAc in Beauveria bassiana. Importantly, our study revealed that Ron1 is involved in the metabolic processes of chitin and asexual development. To further investigate the novel functions of Ron1 in B. bassiana, extracellular chitinase activity in the ΔRon1 mutant was found to decrease by 84.73% compared with wild type. The deletion of Ron1 made it difficult for the fungus to accumulate intracellular GlcNAc. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that Ron1 exerted a significant effect on global transcription and positively regulated genes encoding chitin metabolism in respond to chitin nutrition. Yeast one-hybrid assay confirmed that Ron1 could bind to specific cis-acting elements in the promoters of chitinase and hexokinase. In addition, ΔRon1 displayed an impaired chitin component of the cell wall, with a chitin synthetase (ChsVII) predicted to function downstream of Ron1. Finally, the virulence of ΔRon1 mutant was significantly reduced in the Galleria mellonella insect model through cuticle infection or cuticle bypassing infection. These data functionally characterize Ron1 in B. bassiana and expand our understanding of how the transcription factor Ron1 works in pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ji-Zheng Song
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China; Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Tong-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shun-Juan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Chong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
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11
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Yang X, Huang X, Zhang L, Du L, Liu Y. The
NDT80
‐like transcription factor
CmNdt80a
affects the conidial formation and germination, mycoparasitism, and cell wall integrity of
Coniothyrium minitans. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:808-818. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sichuan Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sichuan Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sichuan Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu China
| | - Lei Du
- Institute of Plant Protection Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sichuan Chengdu China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sichuan Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu China
- Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 20 # Jingjusi Rd Chengdu Sichuan P.R. China
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12
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Razzaq I, Berg MD, Jiang Y, Genereaux J, Uthayakumar D, Kim GH, Agyare-Tabbi M, Halder V, Brandl CJ, Lajoie P, Shapiro RS. The SAGA and NuA4 component Tra1 regulates Candida albicans drug resistance and pathogenesis. Genetics 2021; 219:iyab131. [PMID: 34849885 PMCID: PMC8633099 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of death from fungal infections. The emergence of resistant strains reducing the efficacy of first-line therapy with echinocandins, such as caspofungin calls for the identification of alternative therapeutic strategies. Tra1 is an essential component of the SAGA and NuA4 transcriptional co-activator complexes. As a PIKK family member, Tra1 is characterized by a C-terminal phosphoinositide 3-kinase domain. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the assembly and function of SAGA and NuA4 are compromised by a Tra1 variant (Tra1Q3) with three arginine residues in the putative ATP-binding cleft changed to glutamine. Whole transcriptome analysis of the S. cerevisiae tra1Q3 strain highlights Tra1's role in global transcription, stress response, and cell wall integrity. As a result, tra1Q3 increases susceptibility to multiple stressors, including caspofungin. Moreover, the same tra1Q3 allele in the pathogenic yeast C. albicans causes similar phenotypes, suggesting that Tra1 broadly mediates the antifungal response across yeast species. Transcriptional profiling in C. albicans identified 68 genes that were differentially expressed when the tra1Q3 strain was treated with caspofungin, as compared to gene expression changes induced by either tra1Q3 or caspofungin alone. Included in this set were genes involved in cell wall maintenance, adhesion, and filamentous growth. Indeed, the tra1Q3 allele reduces filamentation and other pathogenesis traits in C. albicans. Thus, Tra1 emerges as a promising therapeutic target for fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Razzaq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Matthew D Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Julie Genereaux
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Deeva Uthayakumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Grace H Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Michelle Agyare-Tabbi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Viola Halder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Christopher J Brandl
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Patrick Lajoie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Rebecca S Shapiro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
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13
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Lew SQ, Lin CH. N-acetylglucosamine-mediated morphological transition in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Curr Genet 2021; 67:249-254. [PMID: 33388851 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Morphological transitions in Candida species are key factors in facilitating invasion and adapting to environmental changes. N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide signalling molecule that can regulate morphological transitions in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Interestingly, although the uptake and metabolic pathways of GlcNAc and GlcNAc-mediated white-to-opaque cell switching are similar between the two Candida species, GlcNAc induces hyphal development in C. albicans, whereas it suppresses hyphal development in C. tropicalis. These findings indicate that the characteristics of C. albicans and C. tropicalis in response to GlcNAc are remarkably different. Here, we compare the conserved and divergent GlcNAc-mediated signalling pathways and catabolism between the two Candida species. Deletion of NGT1, a GlcNAc transportation gene, inhibited hyphal formation in C. albicans but promoted hyphal development in C. tropicalis. To further understand these opposite effects on filamentous growth in response to GlcNAc in the two Candida species, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) signalling pathways in both C. albicans and C. tropicalis were compared. Interestingly, GlcNAc activated the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway of the two Candida species, suggesting that the hyphal development-regulated circuit is remarkably diverse between the two species. Indeed, the Ndt80-like gene REP1, which is critical for regulating GlcNAc catabolism, exhibits distinct roles in the hyphal development of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. These data suggest possible reasons for the divergent hyphal growth response in C. albicans and C. tropicalis upon GlcNAc induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qian Lew
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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