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Kaur M, Singla N, Bhalla M, Kundu R, Gulati N, Chander J. Aspergillus candidus eumycetoma with review of literature. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101135. [PMID: 33873148 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mycetoma is a slowly progressive, chronic granulomatous infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues with involvement of underlying fasciae and bones, usually affecting extremities. In India, among mycetoma, the eumycetoma constitutes about 35% of cases. Hereby, we report the first case of eumycetoma caused by uncommon fungus, Aspergillus candidus. CASE REPORT A 61 year old female presented to the Department of Dermatology with history of swelling of right foot associated with multiple firm nodules of approx. 1.5 × 1.5 cm each over dorsum of foot with discharging sinus containing white color granules. Biopsy of lesion on right foot on direct KOH examination revealed septate hyphae. Histopathology examination showed a histiocytic granuloma with fungal elements. Culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar grew white mycelial colonies which were identified to be Aspergillus species phenotypically. Genetic sequencing using Internal transcribed spacer gene, beta tubulin gene and Calmodulin gene was done and the isolate was identified to be Aspergillus candidus. Lesion was excised and patient was started on itraconazole. CONCLUSION Timely identification and starting of antifungal treatment can help in reducing morbidity due to eumycetoma to a large extent. As newer and newer species of fungi are emerging as significant causative agents of human infections, it is pertinent to report such findings from epidemiological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manharpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nidhi Singla
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Mala Bhalla
- Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Reetu Kundu
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagdish Chander
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India
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Chadeganipour M, Mohammadi R. A 9-Year Experience of Aspergillus Infections from Isfahan, Iran. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:2301-2309. [PMID: 32765006 PMCID: PMC7368557 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s259162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aspergillosis is an important fungal disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The genus of Aspergillus consist of various complexes, causing a wide spectrum of diseases from superficial infections in immunocompetent hosts to life-threatening disseminated infections among immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to identify Aspergillus species by phenotypic (total isolates) and molecular tests (35 isolates), obtained from patients in Isfahan (the third-largest city of Iran) between 2010 and 2018, and determine the susceptibility of 35 clinical isolates to itraconazole (ITR), amphotericin-B (AMB), and voriconazole (VOR). Patients and Methods Based on clinical signs, a total of 2385 suspected cases were included in this retrospective study from January 2010 to December 2018. Direct microscopic examination with potassium hydroxide, sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol, and czapekdox agar media was applied to identify etiologic agents. Thirty-five Aspergillus species collected from January 2016 to December 2018 were identified by PCR-sequencing of ITS1-5.8SrDNA-ITS2 region, and their susceptibility to ITR, AMB, and VOR was determined using E-test. Results Based on direct microscopy and positive culture, 132 out of 2385 suspected cases had Aspergillus infection (5.5%). Fifty-four patients were male, and 78 patients were female. Patients in the age groups of 41–50 and 21–30 years had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. Aspergillus flavus/oryzae (n=54), A. fumigatus (n=24), A. niger (n=15), and A. terreus (n=12) were the most prevalent Aspergillus species, respectively. Among 35 Aspergillus species, the MIC ranges of AMB, ITR, and VOR for A. flavus/oryzae, A. niger, and A. terreus were (0.5–4 μg/mL; 0.5–16 μg/mL; 0.25–8 μg/mL), (1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL), and (4–4 μg/mL, 0.5–1 μg/mL, 0.5–1 μg/mL), respectively. Conclusion Aspergillus infections have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and often occur in immunocompromised patients. Accurate identification at the species level is essential since the emergence of cryptic species is connected to different patterns of AFST that affect patient treatment outcomes. Azole-resistant Aspergillus spp. is a global concern, and the detection of the route of resistance is pivotal to prevent and control infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Chadeganipour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sarasan M, Job N, Puthumana J, R R, M P P, Thomas LC, Philip R. Exploration and profiling of hidden endophytic mycota of marine macroalgae with potential drug leads. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:fnaa078. [PMID: 32407482 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity studies of endophytic assemblages are emerging challenges, which unveil novel phenotypes producing interesting chemical entities and a better understanding of their ecological significance. In the present investigation, we selected an extremely complex and unique environment supporting unexplored endophytes, 'Macroalgae of Kerala coast, India'. Unlike terrestrial flora and mangroves, reports displaying endophytic assemblages of marine flora remain limited, especially from India. The main goal of this study was to expose hidden endophytic fungi from macroalgae and examination of their bioactive potential. An ecological investigation of four red, four green and three brown algae resulted in 133 fungal taxa with 29 distinct morphospecies. Aspergillus and Penicillium were found to be the dominant genera. Penicillium chrysogenum was the sole fungi that contributed 11% of the entire endophytic community. Antimicrobial activity against various aquaculture/human pathogens revealed that around 59% of endophytes inhibited at least one of the pathogens screened. The maximum number of isolates (37%) inhibited Escherichia coli tailed by Aspergillus fumigatus (27%). Antimicrobial profile of fungal endophytes endorses them as a potential source of bioactive molecules that can be explored to find a solution for drug resistance in microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manomi Sarasan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala 682016, India
| | - Neema Job
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala 682016, India
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala 682016, India
| | - Ravinesh R
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695034, India
| | - Prabhakaran M P
- Department of Fishery Hydrography, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Cochin, Kerala 682506, India
| | - Lathika Cicily Thomas
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala 682016, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala 682016, India
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Nguyen TTT, Pangging M, Bangash NK, Lee HB. Five New Records of the Family Aspergillaceae in Korea, Aspergillus europaeus, A. pragensis, A. tennesseensis, Penicillium fluviserpens, and P. scabrosum. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 48:81-94. [PMID: 32363036 PMCID: PMC7178850 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1726563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
During an investigation of the fungi from the Aspergillaceae family obtained from different environmental sources in Korea, we isolated six strains, including CNUFC WJC9-1, CNUFC BPM36-33, CNUFC MSW6, CNUFC ESW1, CNUFC TM6-2, and CNUFC WD17-1. The morphology and phylogeny of these isolates were analyzed based on their partial β-tubulin (BenA) and calmodulin (CaM) gene sequences. Based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analyses, the isolates CNUFC WJC9-1, CNUFC BPM36-33, CNUFC TM6-2, and CNUFC WD17-1 were identified as A. europaeus, A. pragensis, Penicillium fluviserpens, and P. scabrosum, respectively, and isolates CNUFC MSW6 and CNUFC ESW1 were identified as A. tennesseensis. To the best of our knowledge, the species A. europaeus, A. pragensis, A. tennesseensis, P. fluviserpens, and P. scabrosum have not been previously reported in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong T. T. Nguyen
- Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Monmi Pangging
- Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Naila Khan Bangash
- Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Frisvad J, Hubka V, Ezekiel C, Hong SB, Nováková A, Chen A, Arzanlou M, Larsen T, Sklenář F, Mahakarnchanakul W, Samson R, Houbraken J. Taxonomy of Aspergillus section Flavi and their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins. Stud Mycol 2019; 93:1-63. [PMID: 30108412 PMCID: PMC6080641 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins and ochratoxins are among the most important mycotoxins of all and producers of both types of mycotoxins are present in Aspergillus section Flavi, albeit never in the same species. Some of the most efficient producers of aflatoxins and ochratoxins have not been described yet. Using a polyphasic approach combining phenotype, physiology, sequence and extrolite data, we describe here eight new species in section Flavi. Phylogenetically, section Flavi is split in eight clades and the section currently contains 33 species. Two species only produce aflatoxin B1 and B2 (A. pseudotamarii and A. togoensis), and 14 species are able to produce aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2: three newly described species A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii and A. cerealis in addition to A. arachidicola, A. minisclerotigenes, A. mottae, A. luteovirescens (formerly A. bombycis), A. nomius, A. novoparasiticus, A. parasiticus, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudonomius, A. sergii and A. transmontanensis. It is generally accepted that A. flavus is unable to produce type G aflatoxins, but here we report on Korean strains that also produce aflatoxin G1 and G2. One strain of A. bertholletius can produce the immediate aflatoxin precursor 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin, and one strain of Aspergillus sojae and two strains of Aspergillus alliaceus produced versicolorins. Strains of the domesticated forms of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, A. oryzae and A. sojae, respectively, lost their ability to produce aflatoxins, and from the remaining phylogenetically closely related species (belonging to the A. flavus-, A. tamarii-, A. bertholletius- and A. nomius-clades), only A. caelatus, A. subflavus and A. tamarii are unable to produce aflatoxins. With exception of A. togoensis in the A. coremiiformis-clade, all species in the phylogenetically more distant clades (A. alliaceus-, A. coremiiformis-, A. leporis- and A. avenaceus-clade) are unable to produce aflatoxins. Three out of the four species in the A. alliaceus-clade can produce the mycotoxin ochratoxin A: A. alliaceus s. str. and two new species described here as A. neoalliaceus and A. vandermerwei. Eight species produced the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid: A. bertholletius, A. caelatus, A. luteovirescens, A. nomius, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudonomius, A. pseudotamarii and A. tamarii while the related mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid was produced by 13 species: A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii, A. bertholletius, A. cerealis, A. flavus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. mottae, A. oryzae, A. pipericola, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudotamarii, A. sergii and A. tamarii. Furthermore, A. hancockii produced speradine A, a compound related to cyclopiazonic acid. Selected A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii, A. cerealis, A. flavus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. pipericola and A. sergii strains produced small sclerotia containing the mycotoxin aflatrem. Kojic acid has been found in all species in section Flavi, except A. avenaceus and A. coremiiformis. Only six species in the section did not produce any known mycotoxins: A. aspearensis, A. coremiiformis, A. lanosus, A. leporis, A. sojae and A. subflavus. An overview of other small molecule extrolites produced in Aspergillus section Flavi is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU-Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - C.N. Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Rémo, Nigeria
| | - S.-B. Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea
| | - A. Nováková
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - A.J. Chen
- Institute of Medical Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Arzanlou
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - T.O. Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU-Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - F. Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - W. Mahakarnchanakul
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - R.A. Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Klas KR, Kato H, Frisvad JC, Yu F, Newmister SA, Fraley AE, Sherman DH, Tsukamoto S, Williams RM. Structural and stereochemical diversity in prenylated indole alkaloids containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system from marine and terrestrial fungi. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:532-558. [PMID: 29632911 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to February 2017 Various fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Malbranchea produce prenylated indole alkaloids possessing a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system. After the discovery of distinct enantiomers of the natural alkaloids stephacidin A and notoamide B, from A. protuberus MF297-2 and A. amoenus NRRL 35660, another fungi, A. taichungensis, was found to produce their diastereomers, 6-epi-stephacidin A and versicolamide B, as major metabolites. Distinct enantiomers of stephacidin A and 6-epi-stephacidin A may be derived from a common precursor, notoamide S, by enzymes that form a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core via a putative intramolecular hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition. This review provides our current understanding of the structural and stereochemical homologies and disparities of these alkaloids. Through the deployment of biomimetic syntheses, whole-genome sequencing, and biochemical studies, a unified biogenesis of both the dioxopiperazine and the monooxopiperazine families of prenylated indole alkaloids constituted of bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring systems is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Klas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Rajeshkumar KC, Yilmaz N, Marathe SD, Keith A Seifert. Morphology and multigene phylogeny of Talaromycesamyrossmaniae, a new synnematous species belonging to the section Trachyspermi from India. MycoKeys 2019:41-56. [PMID: 30728745 PMCID: PMC6361871 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.45.32549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Talaromyces species, T.amyrossmaniae, isolated from decaying fruit and litter of Terminalia bellerica, is described and illustrated. On the natural substrate, the new species produces determinate synnemata, with a well-defined, vivid orange red to orange red cylindrical stipe, and a greyish green capitulum. Conidiophores are typically biverticillate, or sometimes have subterminal branches, with acerose phialides that produce globose to subglobose, smooth to slightly roughened conidia. Multigene phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), and partial sequences of β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and DNA directed RNA polymerase second large subunit (RPB2) genes, along with morphological characterization, revealed that these isolates are distinct and form a unique lineage of Talaromyces in section Trachyspermi, closely allied to T.aerius, T.albobiverticillius, T.heiheensis, T.erythromellis, and T.solicola. The new species T.amyrossmaniae is the first species in section Trachyspermi with determinate synnemata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhiraman C Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Gr., Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India National Fungal Culture Collection of India Pune India
| | - Neriman Yilmaz
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Sayali D Marathe
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Gr., Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India National Fungal Culture Collection of India Pune India
| | - Keith A Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa Canada
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Siqueira JPZ, Wiederhold N, Gené J, García D, Almeida MTG, Guarro J. CrypticAspergillusfrom clinical samples in the USA and description of a new species in sectionFlavipedes. Mycoses 2018; 61:814-825. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João P. Z. Siqueira
- Unitat de Micologia; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; IISPV; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto; Laboratório de Microbiologia; São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory; University of Texas Health Science Center; San Antonio Texas
| | - Josepa Gené
- Unitat de Micologia; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; IISPV; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Dania García
- Unitat de Micologia; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; IISPV; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Margarete T. G. Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto; Laboratório de Microbiologia; São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; IISPV; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
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Tsang CC, Tang JY, Lau SK, Woo PC. Taxonomy and evolution of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces in the omics era - Past, present and future. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:197-210. [PMID: 30002790 PMCID: PMC6039702 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces are diverse, phenotypically polythetic genera encompassing species important to the environment, economy, biotechnology and medicine, causing significant social impacts. Taxonomic studies on these fungi are essential since they could provide invaluable information on their evolutionary relationships and define criteria for species recognition. With the advancement of various biological, biochemical and computational technologies, different approaches have been adopted for the taxonomy of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces; for example, from traditional morphotyping, phenotyping to chemotyping (e.g. lipotyping, proteotypingand metabolotyping) and then mitogenotyping and/or phylotyping. Since different taxonomic approaches focus on different sets of characters of the organisms, various classification and identification schemes would result. In view of this, the consolidated species concept, which takes into account different types of characters, is recently accepted for taxonomic purposes and, together with the lately implemented 'One Fungus - One Name' policy, is expected to bring a more stable taxonomy for Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces, which could facilitate their evolutionary studies. The most significant taxonomic change for the three genera was the transfer of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces (e.g. the medically important thermally dimorphic 'P. marneffei' endemic in Southeast Asia is now named T. marneffei), leaving both Penicillium and Talaromyces as monophyletic genera. Several distantly related Aspergillus-like fungi were also segregated from Aspergillus, making this genus, containing members of both sexual and asexual morphs, monophyletic as well. In the current omics era, application of various state-of-the-art omics technologies is likely to provide comprehensive information on the evolution of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces and a stable taxonomy will hopefully be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - James Y.M. Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K.P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C.Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Vieille Oyarzo P, Cruz Choappa R, Piontelli Laforet E. [Isolation of Aspergillus tritici from internal environment (Chile): Ecological and clinical scope]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2018; 51:66-70. [PMID: 29606397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor environments provide important protective habitats for humans, who live or work in them most of the time. Many of these environments lack ventilation, which affects the composition of microbial communities, especially that of the fungal community. The aim of this study is to report the isolation of Aspergillus section Candidi from indoor environments of the School of Medicine at Universidad de Valparaiso, Chile, and identification through morpho-physiological and molecular approaches. Their ecological and clinical features were highlighted. An environmental non-volumetric sampling was performed on PDA medium; 2 petri dishes were exposed in 10 different places to select the Aspergillus samples. Subcultures were performed on agar Czapek with yeast extract (CYA), malt extract agar (MEA) and creatin sacarose agar (CREA) media only for the morpho-physiological and later the molecular identification of white spore species. Of the 20 samples analyzed, one Aspergillus belonging to Candidi section was isolated. Based on its morphology and molecular features, it was classified as Aspergillustritici Mehrotra & Basu. Its ecology and medical relevance are reviewed and discussed.
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11
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Lyskova P, Hubka V, Svobodova L, Barrs V, Dhand NK, Yaguchi T, Matsuzawa T, Horie Y, Kolarik M, Dobias R, Hamal P. Antifungal Susceptibility of the Aspergillus viridinutans Complex: Comparison of Two In Vitro Methods. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01927-17. [PMID: 29437620 PMCID: PMC5913995 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01927-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptic species of Aspergillus fumigatus, including the Aspergillus viridinutans species complex, are increasingly reported to be causes of invasive aspergillosis. Their identification is clinically relevant, as these species frequently have intrinsic resistance to common antifungals. We evaluated the susceptibilities of 90 environmental and clinical isolates from the A. viridinutans species complex, identified by DNA sequencing of the calmodulin gene, to seven antifungals (voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin) using the reference European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) method. The majority of species demonstrated elevated MICs of voriconazole (geometric mean [GM] MIC, 4.46 mg/liter) and itraconazole (GM MIC, 9.85 mg/liter) and had variable susceptibility to amphotericin B (GM MIC, 2.5 mg/liter). Overall, the MICs of posaconazole and the minimum effective concentrations of echinocandins were low. The results obtained by the EUCAST method were compared with the results obtained with Sensititre YeastOne (YO) panels. Overall, there was 67% agreement (95% confidence interval [CI], 62 to 72%) between the results obtained by the EUCAST method and those obtained with YO panels when the results were read at 48 h and 82% agreement (95% CI, 78 to 86%) when the results were read at 72 h. There was a significant difference in agreement between antifungals; agreement was high for amphotericin B, voriconazole, and posaconazole (70 to 86% at 48 h and 88 to 93% at 72 h) but was very low for itraconazole (37% at 48 h and 57% at 72 h). The agreement was also variable between species, with the maximum agreement being observed for A. felis isolates (85 and 93% at 48 and 72 h, respectively). Elevated MICs of voriconazole and itraconazole were cross-correlated, but there was no correlation between the other azoles tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Lyskova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Mycobacteriology Prague, Public Health Institute in Usti nad Labem, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Svobodova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vanessa Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Navneet K Dhand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Horie
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miroslav Kolarik
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Dobias
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Institute of Public Health, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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12
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Hubka V, Nováková A, Jurjević Ž, Sklenář F, Frisvad JC, Houbraken J, Arendrup MC, Jørgensen KM, Siqueira JPZ, Gené J, Kolařík M. Polyphasic data support the splitting of Aspergillus candidus into two species; proposal of Aspergillus dobrogensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:995-1011. [PMID: 29458472 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus candidus is a species frequently isolated from stored grain, food, indoor environments, soil and occasionally also from clinical material. Recent bioprospecting studies highlighted the potential of using A. candidus and its relatives in various industrial sectors as a result of their significant production of enzymes and bioactive compounds. A high genetic variability was observed among A. candidus isolates originating from various European countries and the USA, that were mostly isolated from indoor environments, caves and clinical material. The A. candidus sensu lato isolates were characterized by DNA sequencing of four genetic loci, and agreement between molecular species delimitation results, morphological characters and exometabolite spectra were studied. Classical phylogenetic methods (maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference) and species delimitation methods based on the multispecies coalescent model supported recognition of up to three species in A. candidus sensu lato. After evaluation of phenotypic data, a broader species concept was adopted, and only one new species, Aspergillus dobrogensis, was proposed. This species is represented by 22 strains originating from seven countries (ex-type strain CCF 4651T=NRRL 62821T=IBT 32697T=CBS 143370T) and its differentiation from A. candidus is relevant for bioprospecting studies because these species have different exometabolite profiles. Evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of section Candidi members to six antifungals using the reference EUCAST method showed that all species have low minimum inhibitory concentrations for all tested antifungals. These results suggest applicability of a wide spectrum of antifungal agents for treatment of infections caused by species from section Candidi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Hubka
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Nováková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - František Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jens C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maiken C Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - João P Z Siqueira
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de SãoJosé do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Josepa Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Proven Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Stem Cell Transplant Recipient Due to Aspergillus sublatus, a Cryptic Species of A. nidulans. Mycopathologia 2017; 183:423-429. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Aspergillus section Restricti together with sister section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium) comprises xerophilic species, that are able to grow on substrates with low water activity and in extreme environments. We adressed the monophyly of both sections within subgenus Aspergillus and applied a multidisciplinary approach for definition of species boundaries in sect. Restricti. The monophyly of sections Aspergillus and Restricti was tested on a set of 102 isolates comprising all currently accepted species and was strongly supported by Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inferrence (BI) analysis based on β-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) loci. More than 300 strains belonging to sect. Restricti from various isolation sources and four continents were characterized by DNA sequencing, and 193 isolates were selected for phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic studies. Species delimitation methods based on multispecies coalescent model were employed on DNA sequences from four loci, i.e., ID region of rDNA (ITS + 28S), CaM, benA and RPB2, and supported recognition of 21 species, including 14 new. All these species were also strongly supported in ML and BI analyses. All recognised species can be reliably identified by all four examined genetic loci. Phenotype analysis was performed to support the delimitation of new species and includes colony characteristics on seven cultivation media incubated at several temperatures, growth on an osmotic gradient (six media with NaCl concentration from 0 to 25 %) and analysis of morphology including scanning electron microscopy. The micromorphology of conidial heads, vesicle dimensions, temperature profiles and growth parameters in osmotic gradient were useful criteria for species identification. The vast majority of species in sect. Restricti produce asperglaucide, asperphenamate or both in contrast to species in sect. Aspergillus. Mycophenolic acid was detected for the first time in at least six members of the section. The ascomata of A. halophilicus do not contain auroglaucin, epiheveadride or flavoglaucin which are common in sect. Aspergillus, but shares the echinulins with sect. Aspergillus.
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Key Words
- Aspergillus canadensis Visagie, Yilmaz, F. Sklenar & Seifert
- Aspergillus clavatophorus F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Aspergillus destruens Zalar, F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Aspergillus domesticus F. Sklenar, Houbraken, Zalar & Hubka
- Aspergillus glabripes F. Sklenar, Ž. Jurjević & Hubka
- Aspergillus hordei F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Aspergillus infrequens F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Aspergillus magnivesiculatus F. Sklenar, Zalar, Ž. Jurjević & Hubka
- Aspergillus pachycaulis F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson, Ž. Jurjević & Hubka
- Aspergillus penicillioides
- Aspergillus pseudogracilis F. Sklenar, Ž. Jurjević & Hubka
- Aspergillus restrictus
- Aspergillus reticulatus F. Sklenar, Ž. Jurjević, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Aspergillus salinicola Zalar, F. Sklenar, Visagie & Hubka
- Aspergillus tardicrescens F. Sklenar, Houbraken, Zalar, & Hubka
- Aspergillus villosus F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Eurotium
- food spoilage
- indoor fungi
- linear discriminant analysis
- multigene phylogeny
- multispecies coalescent model
- sick building syndrome
- xerophilic fungi
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15
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Řehulka J, Kolařík M, Hubka V. Disseminated infection due to Exophiala pisciphila in Cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1015-1024. [PMID: 27982440 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi (Schultz, 1956), kept in an ornamental tank, was found to be affected by severe invasive mycosis. Externally, the disease manifested as abdominal swelling, and internally, the anterior part of the intestine was extremely bloated with abundant dematiaceous septate hyphae and an accumulation of fluid. Histopathologically, a granulomatous inflammatory response was observed in the intestine wall, kidney and spleen. We assume that the mycotic agent was primarily deposited in the intestine and was then gradually disseminated to the other organs. DNA sequencing of ITS and LSU rDNA regions and phenotypic characterization were used for identification of the isolated fungus. The obtained data confirmed that the infection was caused by Exophiala pisciphila. The disease was subsequently reproduced in the carp fingerling using intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection of a spore suspension. The 13th day after intramuscular infection, a marked elevation of neutrophils was recorded in the peripheral blood; this involved a proliferation of band forms and segmented forms. As far as we know, this is the first report of infection due to E. pisciphila in Cardinal tetra.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Řehulka
- Department of Zoology, Silesian Museum, Opava, Czech Republic
| | - M Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - V Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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16
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Kirschner R, Sun PL, Huang SL, Chen CL, Yang CP. A case of bilateral otomycosis associated with Aspergillus flavus and A. terreus in Taiwan. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:412-416. [PMID: 28501466 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Otitis externa caused by fungi (otomycosis) occurs more commonly in tropical areas with high moisture than in temperate regions. Bilateral otomycosis is, however, rarely reported. In a case of bilateral otitis externa in a 56-year-old male patient in Taiwan, direct microscopic examination of the cerumen as well as isolation of strains indicated the presence of two Aspergillus species being different in each of both ears. The species were identified by DNA sequence comparisons and additional morphological confirmation of diagnostic characteristics as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus. The rarely reported occurrence of two Aspergillus species in otitis of the same patient deserves attention in other cases of otomycosis, particularly with respect to potentially different resistances of different species against antifungals. Treatment with nystatin/neomycin was not successful, but with clotrimazole was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kirschner
- Department of life sciences, National Central university, Zhongda Rd. 300, Zhongli District, 320, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - P-L Sun
- Department of dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of medicine, Chang Gung university, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - S-L Huang
- Institute of microbiology and immunology, National Yang Ming university, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - C-L Chen
- Division of nephrology, department of medicine, Taiwan Landseed hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - C-P Yang
- Chunghwa chemical synthesis & biotech company, 23850 New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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17
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Abstract
This article lists proposed new or revised species names and classification changes associated with fungi of medical importance for the years 2012 through 2015. While many of the revised names listed have been widely adopted without further discussion, some may take longer to achieve more general usage.
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18
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Řehulka J, Kubátová A, Hubka V. Cephalotheca sulfurea (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes), a new fungal pathogen of the farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1413-1419. [PMID: 27136201 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The first case of visceral mycotic infection due to Cephalotheca sulfurea (Cephalothecaceae, Ascomycota) is documented in farmed rainbow trout from a raceway culture system. The disease clinically manifested as a hyperaemic area in the liver of the fish, and histological examination using silver and PAS staining showed the presence of numerous foci of hyphae and spores. The causative agent was first isolated in pure culture from the liver and identified using morphological characteristics. Sequence data from ITS and LSU rDNA also clearly confirmed C. sulfurea as the causal agent. The pathogenicity of related species belonging to the family Cephalothecaceae has been well-documented in humans and dogs (superficial as well as systemic infections). However, C. sulfurea has never been reported as a pathogen of humans or animals, including marine and freshwater fishes. The morphological identification of C. sulfurea is difficult due to its similarity to several different fungal genera, and molecular methods are strongly recommended for reliable identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Řehulka
- Department of Zoology, Silesian Museum, Opava, Czech Republic
| | - A Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - V Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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19
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Lyskova P, Kubanek M, Hubka V, Sticova E, Voska L, Kautznerova D, Kolarik M, Hamal P, Vasakova M. Successful Posaconazole Therapy of Disseminated Alternariosis due to Alternaria infectoria in a Heart Transplant Recipient. Mycopathologia 2016; 182:297-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Réblová M, Hubka V, Thureborn O, Lundberg J, Sallstedt T, Wedin M, Ivarsson M. From the Tunnels into the Treetops: New Lineages of Black Yeasts from Biofilm in the Stockholm Metro System and Their Relatives among Ant-Associated Fungi in the Chaetothyriales. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163396. [PMID: 27732675 PMCID: PMC5061356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rock-inhabiting fungi harbour species-rich, poorly differentiated, extremophilic taxa of polyphyletic origin. Their closest relatives are often well-known species from various biotopes with significant pathogenic potential. Speleothems represent a unique rock-dwelling habitat, whose mycobiota are largely unexplored. Isolation of fungi from speleothem biofilm covering bare granite walls in the Kungsträdgården metro station in Stockholm yielded axenic cultures of two distinct black yeast morphotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from six nuclear loci, ITS, nuc18S and nuc28S rDNA, rpb1, rpb2 and β-tubulin, support their placement in the Chaetothyriales (Ascomycota). They are described as a new genus Bacillicladium with the type species B. lobatum, and a new species Bradymyces graniticola. Bacillicladium is distantly related to the known five chaetothyrialean families and is unique in the Chaetothyriales by variable morphology showing hyphal, meristematic and yeast-like growth in vitro. The nearest relatives of Bacillicladium are recruited among fungi isolated from cardboard-like construction material produced by arboricolous non-attine ants. Their sister relationship is weakly supported by the Maximum likelihood analysis, but strongly supported by Bayesian inference. The genus Bradymyces is placed amidst members of the Trichomeriaceae and is ecologically undefined; it includes an opportunistic animal pathogen while two other species inhabit rock surfaces. ITS rDNA sequences of three species accepted in Bradymyces and other undescribed species and environmental samples were subjected to phylogenetic analysis and in-depth comparative analysis of ITS1 and ITS2 secondary structures in order to study their intraspecific variability. Compensatory base change criterion in the ITS2 secondary structure supported delimitation of species in Bradymyces, which manifest a limited number of phenotypic features useful for species recognition. The role of fungi in the speleothem biofilm and relationships of Bacillicladium and Bradymyces with other members of the Chaetothyriales are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Réblová
- Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 01, Prague, 2, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague, 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olle Thureborn
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Lundberg
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Sallstedt
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Wedin
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ivarsson
- Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Scholtz V, Soušková H, Hubka V, Švarcová M, Julák J. Inactivation of human pathogenic dermatophytes by non-thermal plasma. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 119:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Tsang CC, Hui TWS, Lee KC, Chen JHK, Ngan AHY, Tam EWT, Chan JFW, Wu AL, Cheung M, Tse BPH, Wu AKL, Lai CKC, Tsang DNC, Que TL, Lam CW, Yuen KY, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Genetic diversity of Aspergillus species isolated from onychomycosis and Aspergillus hongkongensis sp. nov., with implications to antifungal susceptibility testing. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 84:125-34. [PMID: 26658315 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen Aspergillus isolates recovered from nails of 13 patients (fingernails, n=2; toenails, n=11) with onychomycosis were characterized. Twelve strains were identified by multilocus sequencing as Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus sydowii [n=4], Aspergillus welwitschiae [n=3], Aspergillus terreus [n=2], Aspergillus flavus [n=1], Aspergillus tubingensis [n=1], and Aspergillus unguis [n=1]). Isolates of A. terreus, A. flavus, and A. unguis were also identifiable by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The 13th isolate (HKU49(T)) possessed unique morphological characteristics different from other Aspergillus spp. Molecular characterization also unambiguously showed that HKU49(T) was distinct from other Aspergillus spp. We propose the novel species Aspergillus hongkongensis to describe this previously unknown fungus. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed most Aspergillus isolates had low MICs against itraconazole and voriconazole, but all Aspergillus isolates had high MICs against fluconazole. A diverse spectrum of Aspergillus species is associated with onychomycosis. Itraconazole and voriconazole are probably better drug options for Aspergillus onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Teresa W S Hui
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kim-Chung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Antonio H Y Ngan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Emily W T Tam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Andrea L Wu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mei Cheung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Brian P H Tse
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Alan K L Wu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Tak-Lun Que
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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23
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Tyll T, Lyskova P, Hubka V, Muller M, Zelenka L, Curdova M, Tuckova I, Kolarik M, Hamal P. Early Diagnosis of Cutaneous Mucormycosis Due to Lichtheimia corymbifera After a Traffic Accident. Mycopathologia 2015; 181:119-24. [PMID: 26363921 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A case report of cutaneous mucormycosis and obstacles to early diagnosis is presented. A 38-year-old male was involved in a car accident that led to amputation of both lower limbs. Subsequently, he developed fungal wound infection of the left lower limb stump. The infection was detected very early, although the diagnosis was difficult because only a small area was affected and histopathological examination was initially negative. The infection was proven by microscopy, culture and histopathology. The isolate was identified by sequencing of the rDNA ITS region gene (internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA) as Lichtheimia corymbifera. Liposomal amphotericin B and surgery were successful in management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Tyll
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and the Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Lyskova
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Mycobacteriology Prague, Public Health Institute in Usti nad Labem, Sokolovska 60, 186 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, 128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Muller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and the Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Zelenka
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and the Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Curdova
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Inna Tuckova
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolarik
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, 128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Lyskova P, Hubka V, Petricakova A, Dobias R, Cmokova A, Kolarik M. Equine Dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton bullosum, a Poorly Known Zoophilic Dermatophyte Masquerading as T. verrucosum. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:407-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hubka V, Nissen CV, Jensen RH, Arendrup MC, Cmokova A, Kubatova A, Skorepova M, Kolarik M. Discovery of a sexual stage inTrichophyton onychocola, a presumed geophilic dermatophyte isolated from toenails of patients with a history ofT. rubrumonychomycosis. Med Mycol 2015; 53:798-809. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Visagie CM, Hirooka Y, Tanney JB, Whitfield E, Mwange K, Meijer M, Amend AS, Seifert KA, Samson RA. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces isolated from house dust samples collected around the world. Stud Mycol 2014; 78:63-139. [PMID: 25492981 PMCID: PMC4255536 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of a worldwide survey of the indoor mycobiota, dust was collected from nine countries. Analyses of dust samples included the culture-dependent dilution-to-extinction method and the culture-independent 454-pyrosequencing. Of the 7 904 isolates, 2 717 isolates were identified as belonging to Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces. The aim of this study was to identify isolates to species level and describe the new species found. Secondly, we wanted to create a reliable reference sequence database to be used for next-generation sequencing projects. Isolates represented 59 Aspergillus species, including eight undescribed species, 49 Penicillium species of which seven were undescribed and 18 Talaromyces species including three described here as new. In total, 568 ITS barcodes were generated, and 391 β-tubulin and 507 calmodulin sequences, which serve as alternative identification markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Visagie
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Hirooka
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| | - J B Tanney
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| | - E Whitfield
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| | - K Mwange
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| | - M Meijer
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A S Amend
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - K A Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| | - R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hubka V, Nováková A, Kolařík M, Jurjević Ž, Peterson SW. Revision of Aspergillus section Flavipedes: seven new species and proposal of section Jani sect. nov. Mycologia 2014; 107:169-208. [PMID: 25344259 DOI: 10.3852/14-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus section Flavipedes contains species found worldwide in soils and rhizospheres, indoor and cave environments, as endophytes, food contaminants and occasionally as human pathogens. They produce many extensively studied bioactive secondary metabolites and biotechnologically relevant enzymes. The taxa were revised based on phylogenetic analysis of sequences from four loci (β-tubulin, calmodulin, RPB2, ITS rDNA), two PCR fingerprinting methods, micro- and macromorphology and physiology. Section Flavipedes includes three known and seven new species: A. ardalensis, A. frequens, A. luppii, A. mangaliensis, A. movilensis, A. polyporicola and A. spelaeus. The name A. neoflavipes was proposed for Fennellia flavipes a distinct species from its supposed asexual state A. flavipes. Aspergillus iizukae, A. frequens and A. mangaliensis are the most common and widely distributed species, whereas A. flavipes s. str. is rare. A dichotomous key based on the combination of morphology and physiology is provided for all recognized species. Aspergillus section Jani is established to contain A. janus and A. brevijanus, species previously classified as members of sect. Versicolores, Terrei or Flavipedes. This new section is strongly supported by phylogenetic data and morphology. Section Jani species produce three types of conidiophores and conidia, and colonies have green and white sectors making them distinctive. Accessory conidia found in pathogenic A. terreus were found in all members of sects. Flavipedes and Jani. Our data indicated that A. frequens is a clinically relevant and produces accessory conidia during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech RepublicInstitute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Nováková
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, and Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre AS CR, v.v.i., Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Željko Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, New Jersey 08077
| | - Stephen W Peterson
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604
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