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Lei C, Liu J, Zhang R, Pan Y, Lu Y, Gao Y, Ma X, Yang Y, Guan Y, Mamatyusupu D, Xu S. Ancestral Origins and Admixture History of Kazakhs. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae144. [PMID: 38995236 PMCID: PMC11272102 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Kazakh people, like many other populations that settled in Central Asia, demonstrate an array of mixed anthropological features of East Eurasian (EEA) and West Eurasian (WEA) populations, indicating a possible scenario of biological admixture between already differentiated EEA and WEA populations. However, their complex biological origin, genomic makeup, and genetic interaction with surrounding populations are not well understood. To decipher their genetic structure and population history, we conducted, to our knowledge, the first whole-genome sequencing study of Kazakhs residing in Xinjiang (KZK). We demonstrated that KZK derived their ancestries from 4 ancestral source populations: East Asian (∼39.7%), West Asian (∼28.6%), Siberian (∼23.6%), and South Asian (∼8.1%). The recognizable interactions of EEA and WEA ancestries in Kazakhs were dated back to the 15th century BCE. Kazakhs were genetically distinctive from the Uyghurs in terms of their overall genomic makeup, although the 2 populations were closely related in genetics, and both showed a substantial admixture of western and eastern peoples. Notably, we identified a considerable sex-biased admixture, with an excess of western males and eastern females contributing to the KZK gene pool. We further identified a set of genes that showed remarkable differentiation in KZK from the surrounding populations, including those associated with skin color (SLC24A5, OCA2), essential hypertension (HLA-DQB1), hypertension (MTHFR, SLC35F3), and neuron development (CNTNAP2). These results advance our understanding of the complex history of contacts between Western and Eastern Eurasians, especially those living or along the old Silk Road.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xixian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaqun Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Preclinical Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Dolikun Mamatyusupu
- College of the Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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King B, Greenhill SJ, Reid LA, Ross M, Walworth M, Gray RD. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Philippine languages supports a rapid migration of Malayo-Polynesian languages. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14967. [PMID: 38942799 PMCID: PMC11213883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The Philippines are central to understanding the expansion of the Austronesian language family from its homeland in Taiwan. It remains unknown to what extent the distribution of Malayo-Polynesian languages has been shaped by back migrations and language leveling events following the initial Out-of-Taiwan expansion. Other aspects of language history, including the effect of language switching from non-Austronesian languages, also remain poorly understood. Here we apply Bayesian phylogenetic methods to a core-vocabulary dataset of Philippine languages. Our analysis strongly supports a sister group relationship between the Sangiric and Minahasan groups of northern Sulawesi on one hand, and the rest of the Philippine languages on the other, which is incompatible with a simple North-to-South dispersal from Taiwan. We find a pervasive geographical signal in our results, suggesting a dominant role for cultural diffusion in the evolution of Philippine languages. However, we do find some support for a later migration of Gorontalo-Mongondow languages to northern Sulawesi from the Philippines. Subsequent diffusion processes between languages in Sulawesi appear to have led to conflicting data and a highly unstable phylogenetic position for Gorontalo-Mongondow. In the Philippines, language switching to Austronesian in 'Negrito' groups appears to have occurred at different time-points throughout the Philippines, and based on our analysis, there is no discernible effect of language switching on the basic vocabulary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict King
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Simon J Greenhill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence A Reid
- National Museum of the Philippines, 1000, Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Department of Linguistics, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Malcolm Ross
- School of Culture, History and Language, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Mary Walworth
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Russell D Gray
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Malyarchuk BA, Derenko MV. Genetic history of the Koryaks and Evens of the Magadan region based on Y chromosome polymorphism data. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:90-97. [PMID: 38465253 PMCID: PMC10917666 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to clarify the history of gene pool formation of the indigenous populations of the Northern Priokhotye (the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk), Y-chromosome polymorphisms were studied in the Koryaks and Evens living in the Magadan region. The results of the study showed that the male gene pool of the Koryaks is represented by haplogroups C-B90-B91, N-B202, and Q-B143, which are also widespread in other peoples of Northeastern Siberia, mainly of Paleo-Asiatic origin. High frequency of haplogroup C-B80, typical of other Tungus-Manchurian peoples, is characteristic of the Evens of the Magadan region. The shared components of the gene pools of the Koryaks and Evens are haplogroups R-M17 and I-P37.2 inherited as a result of admixture with Eastern Europeans (mainly Russians). The high frequency of such Y chromosome haplogroups in the Koryaks (16.7 %) and Evens (37.8 %) is indicative of close interethnic contacts during the last centuries, and most probably especially during the Soviet period. The genetic contribution of the European males' Y chromosome significantly prevails over that of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. The study of the Y chromosome haplogroup diversity has shown that only relatively young phylogenetic branches have been preserved in the Koryak gene pool. The age of the oldest component of the Koryak gene pool (haplogroup C-B90-B91) is estimated to be about 3.8 thousand years, the age of the younger haplogroups Q-B143 and N-B202 is about 2.8 and 2.4 thousand years, respectively. Haplogroups C-B90-B91 and N-B202 are Siberian in origin, and haplogroup Q-B143 was apparently inherited by the ancestors of the Koryaks and other Paleo-Asiatic peoples from the Paleo-Eskimos as a result of their migrations to Northeast Asia from the Americas. The analysis of microsatellite loci for haplogroup Q-B143 in the Eskimos of Greenland, Canada and Alaska as well as in the indigenous peoples of Northeastern Siberia showed a decrease in genetic diversity from east to west, pointing to the direction of distribution of the Paleo-Eskimo genetic component in the circumpolar region of America and Asia. At the same time, the Evens appeared in the Northern Priokhotye much later (in the XVII century) as a result of the expansion of the Tungusic tribes, which is confirmed by the results of the analysis of haplogroup C-B80 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Malyarchuk
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - M V Derenko
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
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Derenko M, Denisova G, Litvinov A, Dambueva I, Malyarchuk B. Mitogenomics of the Koryaks and Evens of the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:705-712. [PMID: 37316650 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the geographical proximity of the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and Kamchatka Peninsula to the Beringia, the indigenous populations of these territories are of great interest for elucidating the human settlement history of northern Asia and America. Meanwhile, there is a clear shortage of genetic studies of the indigenous populations of the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. Here, in order to examine their fine-scale matrilineal genetic structure, ancestry and relationships with neighboring populations, we analyzed 203 complete mitogenomes (174 of which are new) from population samples of the Koryaks and Evens of the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Chukchi of the extreme northeast Asia. The patterns observed underscore the reduced level of genetic diversity found in the Koryak, Even, and Chukchi populations, which, along with the high degree of interpopulation differentiation, may be the result of genetic drift. Our phylogeographic analysis reveals common Paleo-Asiatic ancestry for 51.1% of the Koryaks and 17.8% of the Evens. About third of the mitogenomes found in the Koryaks and Evens might be considered as ethno-specific, as these are virtually absent elsewhere in North, Central and East Asia. Coalescence ages of most of these lineages coincide well with the emergence and development of the Tokarev and Old Koryak archaeological cultures associated with the formation of the Koryaks, as well as with the period of separation and split of the North Tungusic groups migrated northwards from the Lake Baikal or the Amur River area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Derenko
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street, 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia.
| | - Galina Denisova
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street, 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
| | - Andrey Litvinov
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street, 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
| | - Irina Dambueva
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street, 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
| | - Boris Malyarchuk
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street, 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
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Oliveira S, Fehn AM, Amorim B, Stoneking M, Rocha J. Genome-wide variation in the Angolan Namib Desert reveals unique pre-Bantu ancestry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh3822. [PMID: 37738339 PMCID: PMC10516492 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Ancient DNA studies reveal the genetic structure of Africa before the expansion of Bantu-speaking agriculturalists; however, the impact of now extinct hunter-gatherer and herder societies on the genetic makeup of present-day African groups remains elusive. Here, we uncover the genetic legacy of pre-Bantu populations from the Angolan Namib Desert, where we located small-scale groups associated with enigmatic forager traditions, as well as the last speakers of the Khoe-Kwadi family's Kwadi branch. By applying an ancestry decomposition approach to genome-wide data from these and other African populations, we reconstructed the fine-scale histories of contact emerging from the migration of Khoe-Kwadi-speaking pastoralists and identified a deeply divergent ancestry, which is exclusively shared between groups from the Angolan Namib and adjacent areas of Namibia. The unique genetic heritage of the Namib peoples shows how modern DNA research targeting understudied regions of high ethnolinguistic diversity can complement ancient DNA studies in probing the deep genetic structure of the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Oliveira
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Maria Fehn
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Biopolis Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Amorim
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Biopolis Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mark Stoneking
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jorge Rocha
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Biopolis Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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Yu HX, Ao C, Zhang XP, Liu KJ, Wang YB, Meng SL, Li H, Wei LH, Man D. Unveiling 2,000 years of differentiation among Tungusic-speaking populations: a revised phylogeny of the paternal founder lineage C2a-M48-SK1061. Front Genet 2023; 14:1243730. [PMID: 37554407 PMCID: PMC10405515 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1243730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated Y chromosome haplogroup C2a-M48-SK1061 is the only founding paternal lineage of all Tungusic-speaking populations. To infer the differentiation history of these populations, we studied more sequences and constructed downstream structure of haplogroup C2a-M48-SK1061 with better resolution. In this study, we generated 100 new sequences and co-analyzed 140 sequences of C2a-M48-SK1061 to reconstruct a highly revised phylogenetic tree with age estimates. We also performed the analysis of the geographical distribution and spatial autocorrelation of sub-branches. Dozens of new sub-branches were discovered, many sub-branches were nearly unique for Ewenki, Evens, Oroqen, Xibe, Manchu, Daur, and Mongolian. The topology of these unique sub-branches is the key evidence for understanding the complex evolutionary relationship between different Tungusic-speaking populations. The revised phylogeny provided a clear pattern for the differentiation history of haplogroup C2a-M48-SK1061 in the past 2,000 years. This study showed that the divergence pattern of founder lineage is essential to understanding the differentiation history of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xin Yu
- Institute of Anthropology and Human Sciences, School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cheligeer Ao
- Institute of Anthropology and Human Sciences, School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xian-Peng Zhang
- Institute of Anthropology and Human Sciences, School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Kai-Jun Liu
- Chengdu 23Mofang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Bing Wang
- Institute of Anthropology and Human Sciences, School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Song-Lin Meng
- School of History and Ethnic Culture, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Hui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- B&R International Joint Laboratory for Eurasian Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Hai Wei
- Institute of Anthropology and Human Sciences, School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- B&R International Joint Laboratory for Eurasian Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Da Man
- Institute of Anthropology and Human Sciences, School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
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Kovalenko E, Vergasova E, Shoshina O, Popov I, Ilinskaya A, Kim A, Plotnikov N, Barenbaum I, Elmuratov A, Ilinsky V, Volokh O, Rakitko A. Lactase deficiency in Russia: multiethnic genetic study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023:10.1038/s41430-023-01294-8. [PMID: 37311868 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactase persistence-the ability to digest lactose through adulthood-is closely related to evolutionary adaptations and has affected many populations since the beginning of cattle breeding. Nevertheless, the contrast initial phenotype, lactase non-persistence or adult lactase deficiency, is still observed in large numbers of people worldwide. METHODS We performed a multiethnic genetic study of lactase deficiency on 24,439 people, the largest in Russia to date. The percent of each population group was estimated according to the local ancestry inference results. Additionally, we calculated frequencies of rs4988235 GG genotype in Russian regions using the information of current location and birthplace data from the client's questionnaire. RESULTS The attained results show that among all studied population groups, the frequency of GG genotype in rs4988235 is higher than the average in the European populations. In particular, the prevalence of lactase deficiency genotype in the East Slavs group was 42.8% (95% CI: 42.1-43.4%). We also investigated the regional prevalence of lactase deficiency based on the current place of residence. CONCLUSIONS Our study emphasizes the significance of genetic testing for diagnostics, i.e., specifically for lactose intolerance parameter, as well as the scale of the problem of lactase deficiency in Russia which needs to be addressed by the healthcare and food sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olesya Shoshina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olesya Volokh
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Kolesnikov NA, Kharkov VN, Vagaitseva KV, Zarubin AA, Stepanov VA. Blocks identical by descent in the genomes of the indigenous population of Siberia demonstrate genetic links between populations. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:55-62. [PMID: 36923483 PMCID: PMC10009479 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene pool of the indigenous population of Siberia is a unique system for studying population and evolutionary genetic processes, analyzing genetic diversity, and reconstructing the genetic history of populations. High ethnic diversity is a feature of Siberia, as one of the regions of the peripheral settlement of modern human. The vast expanses of this region and the small number of aboriginal populations contributed to the formation of significant territorial and genetic subdivision. About 40 indigenous peoples are settled on the territory of the Siberian historical and ethnographic province. Within the framework of this work, a large-scale population study of the gene pool of the indigenous peoples of Siberia was carried out for the first time at the level of high-density biochips. This makes it possible to fill in a significant gap in the genogeographic picture of the Eurasian population. For this, DNA fragments were analyzed, which had been inherited without recombination by each pair of individuals from their recent common ancestor, that is, segments (blocks) identical by descent (IBD). The distribution of IBD blocks in the populations of Siberia is in good agreement with the geographical proximity of the populations and their linguistic affiliation. Among the Siberian populations, the Chukchi, Koryaks, and Nivkhs form a separate cluster from the main Siberian group, with the Chukchi and Koryaks being more closely related. Separate subclusters of Evenks and Yakuts, Kets and Chulyms are formed within the Siberian cluster. Analysis of SNPs that fell into more IBD segments of the analyzed populations made it possible to compile a list of 5358 genes. According to the calculation results, biological processes enriched with these genes are associated with the detection of a chemical stimulus involved in the sensory perception of smell. Enriched for the genes found, molecular pathways are associated with the metabolism of linoleic, arachidonic, tyrosic acids and by olfactory transduction. At the same time, an analysis of the literature data showed that some of the selected genes, which were found in a larger number of IBD blocks in several populations at once, can play a role in genetic adaptation to environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Kolesnikov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V N Kharkov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - K V Vagaitseva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Zarubin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V A Stepanov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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9
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Fedorova SA, Khusnutdinova EK. Genetic Structure and Genetic History of the Sakha (Yakuts) Population. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422120031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Ancient Components and Recent Expansion in the Eurasian Heartland: Insights into the Revised Phylogeny of Y-Chromosomes from Central Asia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101776. [PMID: 36292661 PMCID: PMC9601478 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, studies of Y chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) and short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have shed light on the demographic history of Central Asia, the heartland of Eurasia. However, complex patterns of migration and admixture have complicated population genetic studies in Central Asia. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the Y-chromosomes of 187 male individuals from Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Karakalpak, Hazara, Karluk, Tajik, Uyghur, Dungan, and Turkmen populations. High diversity and admixture from peripheral areas of Eurasia were observed among the paternal gene pool of these populations. This general pattern can be largely attributed to the activities of ancient people in four periods, including the Neolithic farmers, Indo-Europeans, Turks, and Mongols. Most importantly, we detected the consistent expansion of many minor lineages over the past thousand years, which may correspond directly to the formation of modern populations in these regions. The newly discovered sub-lineages and variants provide a basis for further studies of the contributions of minor lineages to the formation of modern populations in Central Asia.
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11
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Ancient genomes from the last three millennia support multiple human dispersals into Wallacea. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1024-1034. [PMID: 35681000 PMCID: PMC9262713 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous research indicates that human genetic diversity in Wallacea-islands in present-day Eastern Indonesia and Timor-Leste that were never part of the Sunda or Sahul continental shelves-has been shaped by complex interactions between migrating Austronesian farmers and indigenous hunter-gatherer communities. Yet, inferences based on present-day groups proved insufficient to disentangle this region's demographic movements and admixture timings. Here, we investigate the spatio-temporal patterns of variation in Wallacea based on genome-wide data from 16 ancient individuals (2600-250 years BP) from the North Moluccas, Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara. While ancestry in the northern islands primarily reflects contact between Austronesian- and Papuan-related groups, ancestry in the southern islands reveals additional contributions from Mainland Southeast Asia that seem to predate the arrival of Austronesians. Admixture time estimates further support multiple and/or continuous admixture involving Papuan- and Asian-related groups throughout Wallacea. Our results clarify previously debated times of admixture and suggest that the Neolithic dispersals into Island Southeast Asia are associated with the spread of multiple genetic ancestries.
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12
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Cardinali I, Bodner M, Capodiferro MR, Amory C, Rambaldi Migliore N, Gomez EJ, Myagmar E, Dashzeveg T, Carano F, Woodward SR, Parson W, Perego UA, Lancioni H, Achilli A. Mitochondrial DNA Footprints from Western Eurasia in Modern Mongolia. Front Genet 2022; 12:819337. [PMID: 35069708 PMCID: PMC8773455 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.819337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mongolia is located in a strategic position at the eastern edge of the Eurasian Steppe. Nomadic populations moved across this wide area for millennia before developing more sedentary communities, extended empires, and complex trading networks, which connected western Eurasia and eastern Asia until the late Medieval period. We provided a fine-grained portrait of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation observed in present-day Mongolians and capable of revealing gene flows and other demographic processes that took place in Inner Asia, as well as in western Eurasia. The analyses of a novel dataset (N = 2,420) of mtDNAs highlighted a clear matrilineal differentiation within the country due to a mixture of haplotypes with eastern Asian (EAs) and western Eurasian (WEu) origins, which were differentially lost and preserved. In a wider genetic context, the prevalent EAs contribution, larger in eastern and central Mongolian regions, revealed continuous connections with neighboring Asian populations until recent times, as attested by the geographically restricted haplotype-sharing likely facilitated by the Genghis Khan’s so-called Pax Mongolica. The genetic history beyond the WEu haplogroups, notably detectable on both sides of Mongolia, was more difficult to explain. For this reason, we moved to the analysis of entire mitogenomes (N = 147). Although it was not completely possible to identify specific lineages that evolved in situ, two major changes in the effective (female) population size were reconstructed. The more recent one, which began during the late Pleistocene glacial period and became steeper in the early Holocene, was probably the outcome of demographic events connected to western Eurasia. The Neolithic growth could be easily explained by the diffusion of dairy pastoralism, as already proposed, while the late glacial increase indicates, for the first time, a genetic connection with western Eurasian refuges, as supported by the unusual high frequency and internal sub-structure in Mongolia of haplogroup H1, a well-known post-glacial marker in Europe. Bronze Age events, without a significant demographic impact, might explain the age of some mtDNA haplogroups. Finally, a diachronic comparison with available ancient mtDNAs made it possible to link six mitochondrial lineages of present-day Mongolians to the timeframe and geographic path of the Silk Route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cardinali
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martin Bodner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Christina Amory
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Edgar J Gomez
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,FamilySearch Int., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Erdene Myagmar
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tumen Dashzeveg
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Francesco Carano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Scott R Woodward
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Ugo A Perego
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Math and Science, Southeastern Community College, Burlington, IA, United States
| | - Hovirag Lancioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Yang X, Sarengaowa, He G, Guo J, Zhu K, Ma H, Zhao J, Yang M, Chen J, Zhang X, Tao L, Liu Y, Zhang XF, Wang CC. Genomic Insights Into the Genetic Structure and Natural Selection of Mongolians. Front Genet 2021; 12:735786. [PMID: 34956310 PMCID: PMC8693022 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.735786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mongolians dwell at the Eastern Eurasian Steppe, where is the agriculture and pasture interlaced area, practice pastoral subsistence strategies for generations, and have their own complex genetic formation history. There is evidence that the eastward expansion of Western Steppe herders transformed the lifestyle of post-Bronze Age Mongolia Plateau populations and brought gene flow into the gene pool of Eastern Eurasians. Here, we reported genome-wide data for 42 individuals from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of North China. We observed that our studied Mongolians were structured into three distinct genetic clusters possessing different genetic affinity with previous studied Inner Mongolians and Mongols and various Eastern and Western Eurasian ancestries: two subgroups harbored dominant Eastern Eurasian ancestry from Neolithic millet farmers of Yellow River Basin; another subgroup derived Eastern Eurasian ancestry primarily from Neolithic hunter-gatherers of North Asia. Besides, three-way/four-way qpAdm admixture models revealed that both north and southern Western Eurasian ancestry related to the Western Steppe herders and Iranian farmers contributed to the genetic materials into modern Mongolians. ALDER-based admixture coefficient and haplotype-based GLOBETROTTER demonstrated that the former western ancestry detected in modern Mongolian could be recently traced back to a historic period in accordance with the historical record about the westward expansion of the Mongol empire. Furthermore, the natural selection analysis of Mongolians showed that the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region underwent significantly positive selective sweeps. The functional genes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactase persistence (LCT), were not identified, while the higher/lower frequencies of derived mutations were strongly correlated with the genetic affinity to East Asian/Western Eurasian populations. Our attested complex population movement and admixture in the agriculture and pasture interlaced area played an important role in the formation of modern Mongolians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sarengaowa
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guanglin He
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kongyang Zhu
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meiqing Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Le Tao
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yilan Liu
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Mitogenomics of modern Mongolic-speaking populations. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 297:47-62. [PMID: 34757478 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01830-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a comprehensive data set of 489 complete mitogenomes (211 of which are new) from four Mongolic-speaking populations (Mongols, Barghuts, Khamnigans, and Buryats) to investigate their matrilineal genetic structure, ancestry and relationship with other ethnic groups. We show that along with very high levels of genetic diversity and lack of genetic differentiation, Mongolic-speaking populations exhibit strong genetic resemblance to East Asian populations of Chinese, Japanese, and Uyghurs. Phylogeographic analysis of complete mitogenomes reveals the presence of different components in the gene pools of modern Mongolic-speaking populations-the main East Eurasian component is represented by mtDNA lineages of East Asian, Siberian and autochthonous (the Baikal region/Mongolian) ancestry, whereas the less pronounced West Eurasian component can be ascribed to Europe and West Asia/Caucasus. We also observed that up to one third of the mtDNA subhaplogroups identified in Mongolic-speaking populations can be considered as Mongolic-specific with the coalescence age of most of them not exceeding 1.7 kya. This coincides well with the population size growth which started around 1.1 kya and is detectable only in the Bayesian Skyline Plot constructed based on Mongolic-specific mitogenomes. Our data suggest that the genetic structure established during the Mongol empire is still retained in present-day Mongolic-speaking populations.
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15
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Modern Siberian dog ancestry was shaped by several thousand years of Eurasian-wide trade and human dispersal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100338118. [PMID: 34544854 PMCID: PMC8488619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100338118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Siberian Arctic has witnessed numerous societal changes since the first known appearance of dogs in the region ∼10,000 years ago. These changes include the introduction of ironworking ∼2,000 years ago and the emergence of reindeer pastoralism ∼800 years ago. The analysis of 49 ancient dog genomes reveals that the ancestry of Arctic Siberia dogs shifted over the last 2,000 years due to an influx of dogs from the Eurasian Steppe and Europe. Combined with genomic data from humans and archaeological evidence, our results suggest that though the ancestry of human populations in Arctic Siberia did not change over this period, people there participated in trade with distant communities that involved both dogs and material culture. Dogs have been essential to life in the Siberian Arctic for over 9,500 y, and this tight link between people and dogs continues in Siberian communities. Although Arctic Siberian groups such as the Nenets received limited gene flow from neighboring groups, archaeological evidence suggests that metallurgy and new subsistence strategies emerged in Northwest Siberia around 2,000 y ago. It is unclear if the Siberian Arctic dog population was as continuous as the people of the region or if instead admixture occurred, possibly in relation to the influx of material culture from other parts of Eurasia. To address this question, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 20 ancient and historical Siberian and Eurasian Steppe dogs. Our analyses indicate that while Siberian dogs were genetically homogenous between 9,500 to 7,000 y ago, later introduction of dogs from the Eurasian Steppe and Europe led to substantial admixture. This is clearly the case in the Iamal-Nenets region (Northwestern Siberia) where dogs from the Iron Age period (∼2,000 y ago) possess substantially less ancestry related to European and Steppe dogs than dogs from the medieval period (∼1,000 y ago). Combined with findings of nonlocal materials recovered from these archaeological sites, including glass beads and metal items, these results indicate that Northwest Siberian communities were connected to a larger trade network through which they acquired genetically distinctive dogs from other regions. These exchanges were part of a series of major societal changes, including the rise of large-scale reindeer pastoralism ∼800 y ago.
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16
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Ioannidis AG, Blanco-Portillo J, Sandoval K, Hagelberg E, Barberena-Jonas C, Hill AVS, Rodríguez-Rodríguez JE, Fox K, Robson K, Haoa-Cardinali S, Quinto-Cortés CD, Miquel-Poblete JF, Auckland K, Parks T, Sofro ASM, Ávila-Arcos MC, Sockell A, Homburger JR, Eng C, Huntsman S, Burchard EG, Gignoux CR, Verdugo RA, Moraga M, Bustamante CD, Mentzer AJ, Moreno-Estrada A. Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks. Nature 2021; 597:522-526. [PMID: 34552258 PMCID: PMC9710236 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polynesia was settled in a series of extraordinary voyages across an ocean spanning one third of the Earth1, but the sequences of islands settled remain unknown and their timings disputed. Currently, several centuries separate the dates suggested by different archaeological surveys2-4. Here, using genome-wide data from merely 430 modern individuals from 21 key Pacific island populations and novel ancestry-specific computational analyses, we unravel the detailed genetic history of this vast, dispersed island network. Our reconstruction of the branching Polynesian migration sequence reveals a serial founder expansion, characterized by directional loss of variants, that originated in Samoa and spread first through the Cook Islands (Rarotonga), then to the Society (Tōtaiete mā) Islands (11th century), the western Austral (Tuha'a Pae) Islands and Tuāmotu Archipelago (12th century), and finally to the widely separated, but genetically connected, megalithic statue-building cultures of the Marquesas (Te Henua 'Enana) Islands in the north, Raivavae in the south, and Easter Island (Rapa Nui), the easternmost of the Polynesian islands, settled in approximately AD 1200 via Mangareva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Ioannidis
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Javier Blanco-Portillo
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Karla Sandoval
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Carmina Barberena-Jonas
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juan Esteban Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Keolu Fox
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Robson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Consuelo D Quinto-Cortés
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Kathryn Auckland
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Parks
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Abdul Salam M Sofro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam (YARSI) University, Cempaka Putih, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - María C Ávila-Arcos
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research (LIIGH), UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Alexandra Sockell
- Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics (CEHG), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julian R Homburger
- Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics (CEHG), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Celeste Eng
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R Gignoux
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ricardo A Verdugo
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Translational Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Moraga
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos D Bustamante
- Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics (CEHG), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrés Moreno-Estrada
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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17
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Ma P, Yang X, Yan S, Li C, Gao S, Han B, Hou K, Robbeets M, Wei LH, Cui Y. Ancient Y-DNA with reconstructed phylogeny provide insights into the demographic history of paternal haplogroup N1a2-F1360. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:1130-1133. [PMID: 34425243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shi Yan
- School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shizhu Gao
- College of Pharmacia Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Binghua Han
- Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Kan Hou
- School of History and Culture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Martine Robbeets
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Lan-Hai Wei
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; B&R International Joint Laboratory for Eurasian Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yinqiu Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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18
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Matsumae H, Ranacher P, Savage PE, Blasi DE, Currie TE, Koganebuchi K, Nishida N, Sato T, Tanabe H, Tajima A, Brown S, Stoneking M, Shimizu KK, Oota H, Bickel B. Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in northeast Asia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd9223. [PMID: 34407936 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Culture evolves in ways that are analogous to, but distinct from, genomes. Previous studies examined similarities between cultural variation and genetic variation (population history) at small scales within language families, but few studies have empirically investigated these parallels across language families using diverse cultural data. We report an analysis comparing culture and genomes from in and around northeast Asia spanning 11 language families. We extract and summarize the variation in language (grammar, phonology, lexicon), music (song structure, performance style), and genomes (genome-wide SNPs) and test for correlations. We find that grammatical structure correlates with population history (genetic history). Recent contact and shared descent fail to explain the signal, suggesting relationships that arose before the formation of current families. Our results suggest that grammar might be a cultural indicator of population history while also demonstrating differences among cultural and genetic relationships that highlight the complex nature of human history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Matsumae
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan
| | - Peter Ranacher
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- URPP Language and Space, University of Zurich, Freiestrasse 16, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick E Savage
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Shonan Fujisawa Campus, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.
- Department of Musicology, Tokyo University of the Arts, 110-8714 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Damián E Blasi
- Department of Comparative Language Science, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 54, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Peabody Museum, 5th Floor, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Linguistic Convergence Laboratory, School of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Higher School of Economics University, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Ulitsa, Building 5, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Human Relations Area Files, 755 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas E Currie
- Human Behaviour & Cultural Evolution Group, Centre for Ecology & Conservation, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Kae Koganebuchi
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Nao Nishida
- Genome Medical Science Project, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sato
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tanabe
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Steven Brown
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mark Stoneking
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution (ISLE), Plattenstrasse 54, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroki Oota
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Balthasar Bickel
- Department of Comparative Language Science, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 54, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution (ISLE), Plattenstrasse 54, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Zhang M, Liu Y, Zhou H, Watkins J, Zhou J. A novel nonlinear dimension reduction approach to infer population structure for low-coverage sequencing data. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:348. [PMID: 34174829 PMCID: PMC8236193 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-depth sequencing allows researchers to increase sample size at the expense of lower accuracy. To incorporate uncertainties while maintaining statistical power, we introduce MCPCA_PopGen to analyze population structure of low-depth sequencing data. RESULTS The method optimizes the choice of nonlinear transformations of dosages to maximize the Ky Fan norm of the covariance matrix. The transformation incorporates the uncertainty in calling between heterozygotes and the common homozygotes for loci having a rare allele and is more linear when both variants are common. CONCLUSIONS We apply MCPCA_PopGen to samples from two indigenous Siberian populations and reveal hidden population structure accurately using only a single chromosome. The MCPCA_PopGen package is available on https://github.com/yiwenstat/MCPCA_PopGen .
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics and Data Science, University of Arizona, 617 N. Santa Rita Ave., 85721 Tucson, USA
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, 617 N. Santa Rita Ave., 85721 Tucson, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, 90095 Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joseph Watkins
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, 617 N. Santa Rita Ave., 85721 Tucson, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics and Data Science, University of Arizona, 617 N. Santa Rita Ave., 85721 Tucson, USA
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., 85724 Tucson, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics and Data Science, University of Arizona, 617 N. Santa Rita Ave., 85721 Tucson, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
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20
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Chen J, He G, Ren Z, Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang M, Zhang H, Ji J, Zhao J, Guo J, Zhu K, Yang X, Wang R, Ma H, Wang CC, Huang J. Genomic Insights Into the Admixture History of Mongolic- and Tungusic-Speaking Populations From Southwestern East Asia. Front Genet 2021; 12:685285. [PMID: 34239544 PMCID: PMC8258170 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.685285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major part of the modern Trans-Eurasian or Altaic language family, most of the Mongolic and Tungusic languages were mainly spoken in northern China, Mongolia, and southern Siberia, but some were also found in southern China. Previous genetic surveys only focused on the dissection of genetic structure of northern Altaic-speaking populations; however, the ancestral origin and genomic diversification of Mongolic and Tungusic-speaking populations from southwestern East Asia remain poorly understood because of the paucity of high-density sampling and genome-wide data. Here, we generated genome-wide data at nearly 700,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 26 Mongolians and 55 Manchus collected from Guizhou province in southwestern China. We applied principal component analysis (PCA), ADMIXTURE, f statistics, qpWave/qpAdm analysis, qpGraph, TreeMix, Fst, and ALDER to infer the fine-scale population genetic structure and admixture history. We found significant genetic differentiation between northern and southern Mongolic and Tungusic speakers, as one specific genetic cline of Manchu and Mongolian was identified in Guizhou province. Further results from ADMIXTURE and f statistics showed that the studied Guizhou Mongolians and Manchus had a strong genetic affinity with southern East Asians, especially for inland southern East Asians. The qpAdm-based estimates of ancestry admixture proportion demonstrated that Guizhou Mongolians and Manchus people could be modeled as the admixtures of one northern ancestry related to northern Tungusic/Mongolic speakers or Yellow River farmers and one southern ancestry associated with Austronesian, Tai-Kadai, and Austroasiatic speakers. The qpGraph-based phylogeny and neighbor-joining tree further confirmed that Guizhou Manchus and Mongolians derived approximately half of the ancestry from their northern ancestors and the other half from southern Indigenous East Asians. The estimated admixture time ranged from 600 to 1,000 years ago, which further confirmed the admixture events were mediated via the Mongolians Empire expansion during the formation of the Yuan dynasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guanglin He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng Ren
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Meiqing Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingyan Ji
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kongyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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21
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Abstract
The peopling of Siberia and the Americas is intriguing for archaeologists, linguists, and human geneticists, but despite significant recent developments, many details remain controversial. Here, we provide insights based on genetic diversity within Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that infects 50% of all humans. H. pylori strains were collected from across eastern Eurasia and the Americas. Sequence analyses indicated that Siberia contains both anciently diverged and recently admixed bacteria, supporting both human persistence over the last glacial maximum and more recent human recolonization. We inferred a single migration across the Bering land bridge, accompanied by a dramatic reduction in effective population size, followed by bidirectional Holocene gene flow between Asia and the Americas. The gastric bacterium Helicobacter pylori shares a coevolutionary history with humans that predates the out-of-Africa diaspora, and the geographical specificities of H. pylori populations reflect multiple well-known human migrations. We extensively sampled H. pylori from 16 ethnically diverse human populations across Siberia to help resolve whether ancient northern Eurasian populations persisted at high latitudes through the last glacial maximum and the relationships between present-day Siberians and Native Americans. A total of 556 strains were cultivated and genotyped by multilocus sequence typing, and 54 representative draft genomes were sequenced. The genetic diversity across Eurasia and the Americas was structured into three populations: hpAsia2, hpEastAsia, and hpNorthAsia. hpNorthAsia is closely related to the subpopulation hspIndigenousAmericas from Native Americans. Siberian bacteria were structured into five other subpopulations, two of which evolved through a divergence from hpAsia2 and hpNorthAsia, while three originated though Holocene admixture. The presence of both anciently diverged and recently admixed strains across Siberia support both Pleistocene persistence and Holocene recolonization. We also show that hspIndigenousAmericas is endemic in human populations across northern Eurasia. The evolutionary history of hspIndigenousAmericas was reconstructed using approximate Bayesian computation, which showed that it colonized the New World in a single migration event associated with a severe demographic bottleneck followed by low levels of recent admixture across the Bering Strait.
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22
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Ma X, Yang W, Gao Y, Pan Y, Lu Y, Chen H, Lu D, Xu S. Genetic origins and sex-biased admixture of the Huis. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3804-3819. [PMID: 34021754 PMCID: PMC8382924 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hui people are unique among Chinese ethnic minorities in that they speak the same language as Han Chinese (HAN) but practice Islam. However, as the second-largest minority group in China numbering well over 10 million, the Huis are under-represented in both global and regional genomic studies. Here, we present the first whole-genome sequencing effort of 234 Hui individuals (NXH) aged over 60 who have been living in Ningxia, where the Huis are mostly concentrated. NXH are genetically more similar to East Asian than to any other global populations. In particular, the genetic differentiation between NXH and HAN (FST = 0.0015) is only slightly larger than that between northern and southern HAN (FST = 0.0010), largely attributed to the western ancestry in NXH (∼10%). Highly differentiated functional variants between NXH and HAN were identified in genes associated with skin pigmentation (e.g., SLC24A5), facial morphology (e.g., EDAR), and lipid metabolism (e.g., ABCG8). The Huis are also distinct from other Muslim groups such as the Uyghurs (FST = 0.0187), especially, NXH derived much less western ancestry (∼10%) compared with the Uyghurs (∼50%). Modeling admixture history indicated that NXH experienced an episode of two-wave admixture. An ancient admixture occurred ∼1,025 years ago, reflecting the intensive west-east contacts during the late Tang Dynasty, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. A recent admixture occurred ∼500 years ago, corresponding to the Ming Dynasty. Notably, we identified considerable sex-biased admixture, i.e., excess of western males and eastern females contributing to the NXH gene pool. The origins and the genomic diversity of the Hui people imply the complex history of contacts between western and eastern Eurasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004 China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dongsheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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23
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Sun J, Ma PC, Cheng HZ, Wang CZ, Li YL, Cui YQ, Yao HB, Wen SQ, Wei LH. Post-last glacial maximum expansion of Y-chromosome haplogroup C2a-L1373 in northern Asia and its implications for the origin of Native Americans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 174:363-374. [PMID: 33241578 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subbranches of Y-chromosome haplogroup C2a-L1373 are founding paternal lineages in northern Asia and Native American populations. Our objective was to investigate C2a-L1373 differentiation in northern Asia and its implications for Native American origins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sequences of rare subbranches (n = 43) and ancient individuals (n = 37) of C2a-L1373 (including P39 and MPB373), were used to construct phylogenetic trees with age estimation by BEAST software. RESULTS C2a-L1373 expanded rapidly approximately 17.7,000-14.3,000 years ago (kya) after the last glacial maximum (LGM), generating numerous sublineages which became founding paternal lineages of modern northern Asian and Native American populations (C2a-P39 and C2a-MPB373). The divergence pattern supports possible initiation of differentiation in low latitude regions of northern Asia and northward diffusion after the LGM. There is a substantial gap between the divergence times of C2a-MPB373 (approximately 22.4 or 17.7 kya) and C2a-P39 (approximately 14.3 kya), indicating two possible migration waves. DISCUSSION We discussed the decreasing time interval of "Beringian standstill" (2.5 ky or smaller) and its reduced significance. We also discussed the multiple possibilities for the peopling of the Americas: the "Long-term Beringian standstill model," the "Short-term Beringian standstill model," and the "Multiple waves of migration model." Our results support the argument from ancient DNA analyses that the direct ancestor group of Native Americans is an admixture of "Ancient Northern Siberians" and Paleolithic communities from the Amur region, which appeared during the post-LGM era, rather than ancient populations in greater Beringia, or an adjacent region, before the LGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Cheng
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chi-Zao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yong-Lan Li
- School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yin-Qiu Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science of Gansu Province, Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shao-Qing Wen
- Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- B&R International Joint Laboratory for Eurasian Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Hai Wei
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- B&R International Joint Laboratory for Eurasian Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Dryomov SV, Nazhmidenova AM, Starikovskaya EB, Shalaurova SA, Rohland N, Mallick S, Bernardos R, Derevianko AP, Reich D, Sukernik RI. Mitochondrial genome diversity on the Central Siberian Plateau with particular reference to the prehistory of northernmost Eurasia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244228. [PMID: 33507977 PMCID: PMC7842996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Central Siberian Plateau was the last geographic area in Eurasia to become habitable by modern humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Through a comprehensive dataset of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes retained in the remnats of earlier ("Old") Siberians, primarily the Ket, Tofalar, and Todzhi, we explored genetic links between the Yenisei-Sayan region and Northeast Eurasia (best represented by the Yukaghir) over the last 10,000 years. We generated 218 new complete mtDNA sequences and placed them into compound phylogenies with 7 newly obtained and 70 published ancient mitochondrial genomes. We have considerably extended the mtDNA sequence diversity (at the entire mtDNA genome level) of autochthonous Siberians, which remain poorly sampled, and these new data may have a broad impact on the study of human migration. We compared present-day mtDNA diversity in these groups with complete mitochondrial genomes from ancient samples from the region and placed the samples into combined genealogical trees. The resulting components were used to clarify the origins and expansion history of mtDNA lineages that evolved in the refugia of south-central Siberia and beyond, as well as multiple phases of connection between this region and distant parts of Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav V. Dryomov
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Azhar M. Nazhmidenova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena B. Starikovskaya
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sofia A. Shalaurova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Bernardos
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rem I. Sukernik
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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25
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Kılınç GM, Kashuba N, Koptekin D, Bergfeldt N, Dönertaş HM, Rodríguez-Varela R, Shergin D, Ivanov G, Kichigin D, Pestereva K, Volkov D, Mandryka P, Kharinskii A, Tishkin A, Ineshin E, Kovychev E, Stepanov A, Dalén L, Günther T, Kırdök E, Jakobsson M, Somel M, Krzewińska M, Storå J, Götherström A. Human population dynamics and Yersinia pestis in ancient northeast Asia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabc4587. [PMID: 33523963 PMCID: PMC7787494 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present genome-wide data from 40 individuals dating to c.16,900 to 550 years ago in northeast Asia. We describe hitherto unknown gene flow and admixture events in the region, revealing a complex population history. While populations east of Lake Baikal remained relatively stable from the Mesolithic to the Bronze Age, those from Yakutia and west of Lake Baikal witnessed major population transformations, from the Late Upper Paleolithic to the Neolithic, and during the Bronze Age, respectively. We further locate the Asian ancestors of Paleo-Inuits, using direct genetic evidence. Last, we report the most northeastern ancient occurrence of the plague-related bacterium, Yersinia pestis Our findings indicate the highly connected and dynamic nature of northeast Asia populations throughout the Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Merve Kılınç
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Natalija Kashuba
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, 75126 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dilek Koptekin
- Department of Health Informatics, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nora Bergfeldt
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Handan Melike Dönertaş
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge, UK
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez-Varela
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitrij Shergin
- Laboratory of Archaeology and Ethnography, Faculty of History and Methods, Department of Humanitarian and Aesthetic Education, Pedagogical Institute, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 664011 Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Grigorij Ivanov
- Irkutsk Museum of Regional Studies, Irkutsk, 664003 Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Kichigin
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Laboratory of Archaeology, Paleoecology and the Subsistence Strategies of the Peoples of Northern Asia, Irkutsk State Technical University, Irkutsk, 664074 Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Kjunnej Pestereva
- Faculty of History, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University," Yakutsk, 677000 Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Denis Volkov
- The Center for Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Amur Region, Blagoveshchensk, 675000 Amur Oblast, Russia
| | - Pavel Mandryka
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Krasnoyarskiy Kray, Russia
| | - Artur Kharinskii
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Laboratory of Archaeology, Paleoecology and the Subsistence Strategies of the Peoples of Northern Asia, Irkutsk State Technical University, Irkutsk, 664074 Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Alexey Tishkin
- Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, Altai State University, Barnaul, Altaiskiy Kray, Russia
| | - Evgenij Ineshin
- Laboratory of Archaeology and Ethnography, Faculty of History and Methods, Department of Humanitarian and Aesthetic Education, Pedagogical Institute, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 664011 Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Kovychev
- Faculty of History, Transbaikal State University, Chita, 672039 Zabaykalsky Kray, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Stepanov
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University," Yakutsk, 677000 Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Love Dalén
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torsten Günther
- Department of Organismal Biology and SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emrah Kırdök
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biotechnology, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mattias Jakobsson
- Department of Organismal Biology and SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mehmet Somel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maja Krzewińska
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Storå
- Osteoarchaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Götherström
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Liu B, Ma P, Wang C, Yan S, Yao H, Li Y, Xie Y, Meng S, Sun J, Cai Y, Sarengaowa S, Li H, Cheng H, Wei L. Paternal origin of Tungusic‐speaking populations: Insights from the updated phylogenetic tree of Y‐chromosome haplogroup
C2a‐M86. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23462. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bing‐Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese and Culture Education Studies Huaqiao University Xiamen China
| | - Peng‐Cheng Ma
- School of Life Sciences Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Chi‐Zao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Shi Yan
- Human Phenome Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Hong‐Bing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science of Gansu Province Gansu University of Political Science and Law Lanzhou China
| | - Yong‐Lan Li
- Laboratory for Human Biology and Human Genetics Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot China
| | - Yong‐Mei Xie
- Laboratory for Human Biology and Human Genetics Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot China
| | - Song‐Lin Meng
- School of History and Ethnic Culture Hulunbuir University Hulunbuir China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yan‐Huan Cai
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Sarengaowa Sarengaowa
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Hui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Human Phenome Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
- B&R International Joint Laboratory for Eurasian Anthropology Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Hui‐Zhen Cheng
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Lan‐Hai Wei
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology Xiamen University Xiamen China
- B&R International Joint Laboratory for Eurasian Anthropology Fudan University Shanghai China
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27
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Leitwein M, Duranton M, Rougemont Q, Gagnaire PA, Bernatchez L. Using Haplotype Information for Conservation Genomics. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:245-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Barbieri C, Barquera R, Arias L, Sandoval JR, Acosta O, Zurita C, Aguilar-Campos A, Tito-Álvarez AM, Serrano-Osuna R, Gray RD, Mafessoni F, Heggarty P, Shimizu KK, Fujita R, Stoneking M, Pugach I, Fehren-Schmitz L. The Current Genomic Landscape of Western South America: Andes, Amazonia, and Pacific Coast. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:2698-2713. [PMID: 31350885 PMCID: PMC6878948 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of Native South American genetic diversity have helped to shed light on the peopling and differentiation of the continent, but available data are sparse for the major ecogeographic domains. These include the Pacific Coast, a potential early migration route; the Andes, home to the most expansive complex societies and to one of the most widely spoken indigenous language families of the continent (Quechua); and Amazonia, with its understudied population structure and rich cultural diversity. Here, we explore the genetic structure of 176 individuals from these three domains, genotyped with the Affymetrix Human Origins array. We infer multiple sources of ancestry within the Native American ancestry component; one with clear predominance on the Coast and in the Andes, and at least two distinct substrates in neighboring Amazonia, including a previously undetected ancestry characteristic of northern Ecuador and Colombia. Amazonian populations are also involved in recent gene-flow with each other and across ecogeographic domains, which does not accord with the traditional view of small, isolated groups. Long-distance genetic connections between speakers of the same language family suggest that indigenous languages here were spread not by cultural contact alone. Finally, Native American populations admixed with post-Columbian European and African sources at different times, with few cases of prolonged isolation. With our results we emphasize the importance of including understudied regions of the continent in high-resolution genetic studies, and we illustrate the potential of SNP chip arrays for informative regional-scale analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Barbieri
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Leonardo Arias
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José R Sandoval
- Centro de Investigación de Genética y Biología Molecular (CIGBM), Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Oscar Acosta
- Centro de Investigación de Genética y Biología Molecular (CIGBM), Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Camilo Zurita
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Abraham Aguilar-Campos
- Clinical Laboratory, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) # 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ana M Tito-Álvarez
- Carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo Serrano-Osuna
- Clinical Laboratory, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) # 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Russell D Gray
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Mafessoni
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Heggarty
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Fujita
- Centro de Investigación de Genética y Biología Molecular (CIGBM), Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Mark Stoneking
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irina Pugach
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Fehren-Schmitz
- UCSC Paleogenomics, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA
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29
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Sikora M, Pitulko VV, Sousa VC, Allentoft ME, Vinner L, Rasmussen S, Margaryan A, de Barros Damgaard P, de la Fuente C, Renaud G, Yang MA, Fu Q, Dupanloup I, Giampoudakis K, Nogués-Bravo D, Rahbek C, Kroonen G, Peyrot M, McColl H, Vasilyev SV, Veselovskaya E, Gerasimova M, Pavlova EY, Chasnyk VG, Nikolskiy PA, Gromov AV, Khartanovich VI, Moiseyev V, Grebenyuk PS, Fedorchenko AY, Lebedintsev AI, Slobodin SB, Malyarchuk BA, Martiniano R, Meldgaard M, Arppe L, Palo JU, Sundell T, Mannermaa K, Putkonen M, Alexandersen V, Primeau C, Baimukhanov N, Malhi RS, Sjögren KG, Kristiansen K, Wessman A, Sajantila A, Lahr MM, Durbin R, Nielsen R, Meltzer DJ, Excoffier L, Willerslev E. The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene. Nature 2019; 570:182-188. [PMID: 31168093 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Northeastern Siberia has been inhabited by humans for more than 40,000 years but its deep population history remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the late Pleistocene population history of northeastern Siberia through analyses of 34 newly recovered ancient genomes that date to between 31,000 and 600 years ago. We document complex population dynamics during this period, including at least three major migration events: an initial peopling by a previously unknown Palaeolithic population of 'Ancient North Siberians' who are distantly related to early West Eurasian hunter-gatherers; the arrival of East Asian-related peoples, which gave rise to 'Ancient Palaeo-Siberians' who are closely related to contemporary communities from far-northeastern Siberia (such as the Koryaks), as well as Native Americans; and a Holocene migration of other East Asian-related peoples, who we name 'Neo-Siberians', and from whom many contemporary Siberians are descended. Each of these population expansions largely replaced the earlier inhabitants, and ultimately generated the mosaic genetic make-up of contemporary peoples who inhabit a vast area across northern Eurasia and the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sikora
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Vladimir V Pitulko
- Palaeolithic Department, Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Science, St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vitor C Sousa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Vinner
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ashot Margaryan
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Constanza de la Fuente
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Human Genetics Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gabriel Renaud
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melinda A Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaomei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Konstantinos Giampoudakis
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Nogués-Bravo
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guus Kroonen
- Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michaël Peyrot
- Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh McColl
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey V Vasilyev
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Veselovskaya
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
- Russian State University for Humanities (RSUH), Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Gerasimova
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Y Pavlova
- Palaeolithic Department, Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Science, St Petersburg, Russia
- Polar Geography Department, Arctic & Antarctic Research Institute, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Pavel A Nikolskiy
- Palaeolithic Department, Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Science, St Petersburg, Russia
- Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V Gromov
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeriy I Khartanovich
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Moiseyev
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel S Grebenyuk
- North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
- Northeast State University, Magadan, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Fedorchenko
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander I Lebedintsev
- North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Sergey B Slobodin
- North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Boris A Malyarchuk
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Rui Martiniano
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Morten Meldgaard
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Laura Arppe
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka U Palo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Forensic Genetics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sundell
- Department of Cultures, Archaeology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Mannermaa
- Department of Cultures, Archaeology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Putkonen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Verner Alexandersen
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Primeau
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ripan S Malhi
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Karl-Göran Sjögren
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Wessman
- Department of Cultures, Archaeology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Archaeology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Sajantila
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marta Mirazon Lahr
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Durbin
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David J Meltzer
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- GeoGenetics Groups, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Danish Institute for Advanced Study, The University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Abstract
The indigenous populations of inner Eurasia, a huge geographic region covering the central Eurasian steppe and the northern Eurasian taiga and tundra, harbor tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages. In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report additional damage-reduced genome-wide data of two previously published individuals from the Eneolithic Botai culture in Kazakhstan (~5,400 BP). We find that present-day inner Eurasian populations are structured into three distinct admixture clines stretching between various western and eastern Eurasian ancestries, mirroring geography. The Botai and more recent ancient genomes from Siberia show a decrease in contribution from so-called “ancient North Eurasian” ancestry over time, detectable only in the northern-most “forest-tundra” cline. The intermediate “steppe-forest” cline descends from the Late Bronze Age steppe ancestries, while the “southern steppe” cline further to the South shows a strong West/South Asian influence. Ancient genomes suggest a northward spread of the southern steppe cline in Central Asia during the first millennium BC. Finally, the genetic structure of Caucasus populations highlights a role of the Caucasus Mountains as a barrier to gene flow and suggests a post-Neolithic gene flow into North Caucasus populations from the steppe.
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31
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Ni X, Yuan K, Liu C, Feng Q, Tian L, Ma Z, Xu S. MultiWaver 2.0: modeling discrete and continuous gene flow to reconstruct complex population admixtures. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:133-139. [PMID: 30206356 PMCID: PMC6303267 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal in developing the MultiWaver software series was to be able to infer population admixture history under various complex scenarios. The earlier version of MultiWaver considered only discrete admixture models. Here, we report a newly developed version, MultiWaver 2.0, that implements a more flexible framework and is capable of inferring multiple-wave admixture histories under both discrete and continuous admixture models. MultiWaver 2.0 can automatically select an optimal admixture model based on the length distribution of ancestral tracks of chromosomes, and the program can estimate the corresponding parameters under the selected model. Specifically, for discrete admixture models, we used a likelihood ratio test (LRT) to determine the optimal discrete model and an expectation-maximization algorithm to estimate the parameters. In addition, according to the principles of the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), we compared the optimal discrete model with several continuous admixture models. In MultiWaver 2.0, we also applied a bootstrapping technique to provide levels of support for the chosen model and the confidence interval (CI) of the estimations of admixture time. Simulation studies validated the reliability and effectiveness of our method. Finally, the program performed well when applied to real datasets of typical admixed populations, such as African Americans, Uyghurs, and Hazaras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Ni
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qidi Feng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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32
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Hallmark B, Karafet TM, Hsieh P, Osipova LP, Watkins JC, Hammer MF. Genomic Evidence of Local Adaptation to Climate and Diet in Indigenous Siberians. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 36:315-327. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hallmark
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - PingHsun Hsieh
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ludmila P Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Joseph C Watkins
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Michael F Hammer
- ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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33
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Karafet TM, Osipova LP, Savina OV, Hallmark B, Hammer MF. Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23194. [PMID: 30408262 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined autosomal genome-wide SNPs and Y-chromosome data from 15 Siberian and 12 reference populations to study the affinities of Siberian populations, and to address hypotheses about the origin of the Samoyed peoples. METHODS Samples were genotyped for 567 096 autosomal SNPs and 147 Y-chromosome polymorphic sites. For several analyses, we used 281 093 SNPs from the intersection of our data with publicly available ancient Siberian samples. To examine genetic relatedness among populations, we applied PCA, FST , TreeMix, and ADMIXTURE analyses. To explore the potential effect of demography and evolutionary processes, the distribution of ROH and IBD sharing within population were studied. RESULTS Analyses of autosomal and Y-chromosome data reveal high differentiation of the Siberian groups. The Siberian populations have a large proportion of their genome in ROH and IBD segments. Several populations (ie, Nganasans, Evenks, Yukagirs, and Koryaks) do not appear to have experienced admixture with other Siberian populations (ie, producing only positive f3), while for the other tested populations the composition of mixing sources always included Nganasans or Evenks. The Nganasans from the Taymyr Peninsula demonstrate the greatest level of shared shorter ROH and IBD with nearly all other Siberian populations. CONCLUSIONS Autosomal SNP and Y-chromosome data demonstrate that Samoyedic populations differ significantly in their genetic composition. Genetic relationship is observed only between Forest and Tundra Nentsi. Selkups are affiliated with the Kets from the Yenisey River, while the Nganasans are separated from their linguistic neighbors, showing closer affinities with the Evenks and Yukagirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Karafet
- ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ludmila P Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga V Savina
- ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Brian Hallmark
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael F Hammer
- ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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34
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Medina P, Thornlow B, Nielsen R, Corbett-Detig R. Estimating the Timing of Multiple Admixture Pulses During Local Ancestry Inference. Genetics 2018; 210:1089-1107. [PMID: 30206187 PMCID: PMC6218234 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Admixture, the mixing of genetically distinct populations, is increasingly recognized as a fundamental biological process. One major goal of admixture analyses is to estimate the timing of admixture events. Whereas most methods today can only detect the most recent admixture event, here, we present coalescent theory and associated software that can be used to estimate the timing of multiple admixture events in an admixed population. We extensively validate this approach and evaluate the conditions under which it can successfully distinguish one- from two-pulse admixture models. We apply our approach to real and simulated data of Drosophila melanogaster We find evidence of a single very recent pulse of cosmopolitan ancestry contributing to African populations, as well as evidence for more ancient admixture among genetically differentiated populations in sub-Saharan Africa. These results suggest our method can quantify complex admixture histories involving genetic material introduced by multiple discrete admixture pulses. The new method facilitates the exploration of admixture and its contribution to adaptation, ecological divergence, and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Medina
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Genomics Institute, UC Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Bryan Thornlow
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Genomics Institute, UC Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics and Museum of Natural History, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Denmark
| | - Russell Corbett-Detig
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Genomics Institute, UC Santa Cruz, California 95064
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35
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Ni X, Yuan K, Yang X, Feng Q, Guo W, Ma Z, Xu S. Inference of multiple-wave admixtures by length distribution of ancestral tracks. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 121:52-63. [PMID: 29358727 PMCID: PMC5997750 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-017-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancestral tracks in admixed genomes are valuable for population history inference. While a few methods have been developed to infer admixture history based on ancestral tracks, these methods suffer the same flaw: only population admixture history under some specific models can be inferred. In addition, the inference of history might be biased or even unreliable if the specific model deviates from the real situation. To address this problem, we firstly proposed a general discrete admixture model to describe the admixture history with multiple ancestral populations and multiple-wave admixtures. We next deduced the length distribution of ancestral tracks under the general discrete admixture model. We further developed a new method, MultiWaver, to explore multiple-wave admixture histories. Our method could automatically determine an optimal admixture model based on the length distribution of ancestral tracks, and estimate the corresponding parameters under this optimal model. Specifically, we used a likelihood ratio test (LRT) to determine the number of admixture waves, and implemented an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate parameters. We used simulation studies to validate the reliability and effectiveness of our method. Finally, good performance was observed when our method was applied to real data sets of African Americans and Mexicans, and new insights were gained into the admixture history of Uyghurs and Hazaras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Ni
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Qidi Feng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China.
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36
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Fedorinov DS, Mirzaev KB, Ivashchenko DV, Temirbulatov II, Sychev DA, Maksimova NR, Chertovskih JV, Popova NV, Tayurskaya KS, Rudykh ZA. Pharmacogenetic testing by polymorphic markers 681G>A and 636G>A CYP2C19 gene in patients with acute coronary syndrome and gastric ulcer in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Drug Metab Pers Ther 2018; 33:91-98. [PMID: 29738309 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The focus of the study is to determine the prevalence of CYP2C19 alleles, associated with the risk of changes in the pharmacological response to clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and gastric ulcer from Russian and Yakut ethnic groups. METHODS The research included 411 patients with ACS (143 Russians and 268 Yakuts) and 204 patients with histologically confirmed gastric ulcer (63 Russians and 141 Yakuts). Genotyping of 681G>A and 636G>A polymorphisms was performed by using polymerase real-time chain reaction. RESULTS In both ethnic groups, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was followed in a distribution of alleles and genotypes in the population (p>0.05). The 681A allele frequency in the Yakut ethnic group was higher than in the Russian group: 17.53% vs. 8.39% (p=0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of 636A in Yakuts and Russians with ACS: 3.92% vs. 3.50% (p=0.840). While comparing the frequency distribution of alleles 681A (13.49% vs. 14.54%, p=0.878) and 636A (7.94% vs. 7.80%, p=1) in patients with a gastric ulcer from Russian and Yakut ethnic groups, no significant difference was found in carrier frequency. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study may be helpful for developing guidelines for CYPC19 genotype-directed antiplatelet therapy for Yakut and Russian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S Fedorinov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation, Phone: +79169553950
| | - Karin B Mirzaev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy V Ivashchenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilyas I Temirbulatov
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy A Sychev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | - Zoya A Rudykh
- Republican Hospital No. 3, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
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Racimo F, Berg JJ, Pickrell JK. Detecting Polygenic Adaptation in Admixture Graphs. Genetics 2018; 208:1565-1584. [PMID: 29348143 PMCID: PMC5887149 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An open question in human evolution is the importance of polygenic adaptation: adaptive changes in the mean of a multifactorial trait due to shifts in allele frequencies across many loci. In recent years, several methods have been developed to detect polygenic adaptation using loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Though powerful, these methods suffer from limited interpretability: they can detect which sets of populations have evidence for polygenic adaptation, but are unable to reveal where in the history of multiple populations these processes occurred. To address this, we created a method to detect polygenic adaptation in an admixture graph, which is a representation of the historical divergences and admixture events relating different populations through time. We developed a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to infer branch-specific parameters reflecting the strength of selection in each branch of a graph. Additionally, we developed a set of summary statistics that are fast to compute and can indicate which branches are most likely to have experienced polygenic adaptation. We show via simulations that this method-which we call PolyGraph-has good power to detect polygenic adaptation, and applied it to human population genomic data from around the world. We also provide evidence that variants associated with several traits, including height, educational attainment, and self-reported unibrow, have been influenced by polygenic adaptation in different populations during human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Racimo
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Jeremy J Berg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Joseph K Pickrell
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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Pugach I, Duggan AT, Merriwether DA, Friedlaender FR, Friedlaender JS, Stoneking M. The Gateway from Near into Remote Oceania: New Insights from Genome-Wide Data. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:871-886. [PMID: 29301001 PMCID: PMC5889034 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A widely accepted two-wave scenario of human settlement of Oceania involves the first out-of-Africa migration circa 50,000 years ago (ya), and the more recent Austronesian expansion, which reached the Bismarck Archipelago by 3,450 ya. Whereas earlier genetic studies provided evidence for extensive sex-biased admixture between the incoming and the indigenous populations, some archaeological, linguistic, and genetic evidence indicates a more complicated picture of settlement. To study regional variation in Oceania in more detail, we have compiled a genome-wide data set of 823 individuals from 72 populations (including 50 populations from Oceania) and over 620,000 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We show that the initial dispersal of people from the Bismarck Archipelago into Remote Oceania occurred in a "leapfrog" fashion, completely by-passing the main chain of the Solomon Islands, and that the colonization of the Solomon Islands proceeded in a bidirectional manner. Our results also support a divergence between western and eastern Solomons, in agreement with the sharp linguistic divide known as the Tryon-Hackman line. We also report substantial post-Austronesian gene flow across the Solomons. In particular, Santa Cruz (in Remote Oceania) exhibits extraordinarily high levels of Papuan ancestry that cannot be explained by a simple bottleneck/founder event scenario. Finally, we use simulations to show that discrepancies between different methods for dating admixture likely reflect different sensitivities of the methods to multiple admixture events from the same (or similar) sources. Overall, this study points to the importance of fine-scale sampling to understand the complexities of human population history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pugach
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana T Duggan
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Mark Stoneking
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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Hsieh P, Hallmark B, Watkins J, Karafet TM, Osipova LP, Gutenkunst RN, Hammer MF. Exome Sequencing Provides Evidence of Polygenic Adaptation to a Fat-Rich Animal Diet in Indigenous Siberian Populations. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 34:2913-2926. [PMID: 28962010 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Siberia is one of the coldest environments on Earth and has great seasonal temperature variation. Long-term settlement in northern Siberia undoubtedly required biological adaptation to severe cold stress, dramatic variation in photoperiod, and limited food resources. In addition, recent archeological studies show that humans first occupied Siberia at least 45,000 years ago; yet our understanding of the demographic history of modern indigenous Siberians remains incomplete. In this study, we use whole-exome sequencing data from the Nganasans and Yakuts to infer the evolutionary history of these two indigenous Siberian populations. Recognizing the complexity of the adaptive process, we designed a model-based test to systematically search for signatures of polygenic selection. Our approach accounts for stochasticity in the demographic process and the hitchhiking effect of classic selective sweeps, as well as potential biases resulting from recombination rate and mutation rate heterogeneity. Our demographic inference shows that the Nganasans and Yakuts diverged ∼12,000-13,000 years ago from East-Asian ancestors in a process involving continuous gene flow. Our polygenic selection scan identifies seven candidate gene sets with Siberian-specific signals. Three of these gene sets are related to diet, especially to fat metabolism, consistent with the hypothesis of adaptation to a fat-rich animal diet. Additional testing rejects the effect of hitchhiking and favors a model in which selection yields small allele frequency changes at multiple unlinked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- PingHsun Hsieh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Brian Hallmark
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Joseph Watkins
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Ludmila P Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ryan N Gutenkunst
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Michael F Hammer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.,ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Derenko M, Denisova G, Malyarchuk B, Dambueva I, Bazarov B. Mitogenomic diversity and differentiation of the Buryats. J Hum Genet 2017; 63:71-81. [PMID: 29215085 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present a results of first comprehensive study of the complete mitogenomes in the Buryats with regard to their belonging to the main regional (eastern and western Buryats); tribal (Khori, Ekhirid, Bulagad, and Khongodor), and ethno-territorial (Aginsk, Alar, Balagansk, Barguzin, Ida, Khorinsk, Kuda, Selenga, Verkholensk, Olkhon, Tunka, and Shenehen Buryats) groups. The analysis of molecular variation performed using regional, tribal, and ethno-territorial divisions of the Buryats showed lack of genetic differentiation at all levels. Nonetheless, the complete mitogenome analysis revealed a very high level of genetic diversity in the Buryats which is the highest among Siberian populations and comparable to that in populations of eastern and western Asia. The AMOVA and MDS analyses results imply to a strong genetic similarity between the Buryats and eastern Asian populations of Chinese and Japanese, suggesting their origin on the basis of common maternal ancestry components. Several new Buryat-specific branches of haplogroup G (G2a2a, G2a1i, G2a5a) display signals of dispersals dating to 2.6-6.6 kya with a possible origin in eastern Asia, thus testifying Bronze Age and Neolithic arrival of ancestral eastern Asian component to the South Siberia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Derenko
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia.
| | - Galina Denisova
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Boris Malyarchuk
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Irina Dambueva
- Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Boris Bazarov
- Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
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Arias L, Barbieri C, Barreto G, Stoneking M, Pakendorf B. High-resolution mitochondrial DNA analysis sheds light on human diversity, cultural interactions, and population mobility in Northwestern Amazonia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 165:238-255. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Arias
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig D-04103 Germany
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana; Universidad del Valle; Cali Colombia
| | - Chiara Barbieri
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History; Jena D-07745 Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana; Universidad del Valle; Cali Colombia
| | - Mark Stoneking
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig D-04103 Germany
| | - Brigitte Pakendorf
- Dynamique du Langage; UMR5596, CNRS & Université de Lyon; Lyon Cedex 07 69363 France
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Feng Q, Lu Y, Ni X, Yuan K, Yang Y, Yang X, Liu C, Lou H, Ning Z, Wang Y, Lu D, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Shi M, Tian L, Wang X, Zhang X, Li J, Khan A, Guan Y, Tang K, Wang S, Xu S. Genetic History of Xinjiang’s Uyghurs Suggests Bronze Age Multiple-Way Contacts in Eurasia. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:2572-2582. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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