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Zhang C, Cheng H, Ye X, Cui H, Li Y, Zhu H, Chang X. ECM1 promotes migration and invasion in endometriosis. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100826. [PMID: 37992590 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a glycoprotein that may be a key player in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, knowledge regarding the role of ECM1 in endometriosis (EM) is still lacking. Microarray analyses were performed to compare the mRNA expression patterns between paired EU tissues and ectopic endometrial (EC) tissues (n = 4) from EM patients. ECM1 expression was significantly increased in the eutopic endometrial (EU) tissues than paired EC tissues of endometriotic patients and normal endometrial (NE) tissues of controls without EM. Blocking ECM1 with siRNA attenuated the migration and invasion of hEM15A cells and modified the distribution of the F-actin cytoskeleton. We conducted microarray analyses and bioinformatics analyses to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and related pathways regulated by ECM1. A total of 161 DEGs between the siECM1 and the negative control (siNC) treatments were identified, consisting of 79 downregulated genes and 82 upregulated genes. Enriched DEGs were associated with 9 gene ontology (GO) terms. Moreover, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for the hub genes and modules. Radixin (RDX) was the second most downregulated gene in the siECM1 group compared with the siNC group. ECM1 knockdown significantly decreased the expression of RDX, RhoC, ROCK1, N-cadherin and β-catenin but not ROCK2. ECM1 showed high tissue-specific expression in EU tissues from EM patients, and may contribute to the migration, invasion and reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton in eutopic endometrial stromal cells via the RhoC/ROCK1 signaling pathway in EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honglan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Peloggia A, Andres MP, Abrão MS. Expression of ezrin protein and phosphorylated ezrin in pelvic endometriotic lesions. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100074. [PMID: 35793608 PMCID: PMC9260236 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of Ezrin and Phosphorylated Ezrin (Phospho-Ezrin) in endometriosis lesions and its relation to the menstrual cycle phase, stage of endometriosis, histological classification, and clinical symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective study, with endometriotic lesions collected from women with endometriosis (n = 57) who underwent laparoscopy from 2017 to 2018. The expression of Ezrin and Phosphorylated Ezrin proteins was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All the endometriotic lesions contained immunostaining for Ezrin in the glands. Phosphorylated Ezrin was expressed in the stroma of all endometriotic lesions. There was no difference in the Ezrin and Phosphorylated Ezrin's expression in the retrocervical, ovarian, superficial, and intestinal lesions in the same patient. Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, acyclic pain, infertility, and dysuria were similar in the three groups of Ezrin staining. There was an inversely proportional relationship between severe dyschezia and Ezrin's intensity, being 66.7% of Ezrin 1 (weak intensity), 36.7 Ezrin 2 (moderate intensity), and 10.0% of Ezrin 3 (p = 0.013). Regarding Phospho-Ezrin there wasn't a significant difference between all the analyzed variables. Histological classification and menstrual cycle phase had also no significant difference between Ezrin and Phospho-Ezrin immunostaining. CONCLUSION Ezrin protein and Phospho-Ezrin can be considered important markers to elucidate the mechanisms related to migration and attachment of endometriotic lesions. It is still unclear if Ezrin and Phospho-Ezrin are a cause or consequence of endometriosis. Further studies comparing different types of lesions and eutopic endometrium are necessary to elucidate the role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Peloggia
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Reprodutiva de Campinas (CEMICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Paula Andres
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Gynecologic Division, BP ‒ A Beneficencia Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Simões Abrão
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Gynecologic Division, BP ‒ A Beneficencia Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Pritchard N, Kaitu’u-Lino T, Harris L, Tong S, Hannan N. Nanoparticles in pregnancy: the next frontier in reproductive therapeutics. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:280-304. [PMID: 33279994 PMCID: PMC9034208 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology involves the engineering of structures on a molecular level. Nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems have been designed to deliver therapeutic agents to a target site or organ in a controlled manner, maximizing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects of the therapeutic agent administered. In both reproductive medicine and obstetrics, developing innovative therapeutics is often tempered by fears of damage to the gamete, embryo or developing foetus or of negatively impacting a woman's reproductive potential. Thus, nanomedicine delivery systems may provide alternative targeted intervention strategies, treating the source of the disease and minimizing long-term consequences for the mother and/or her foetus. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes the current state of nanomedicine technology in reproductive medicine and obstetrics, including safety, potential applications, future directions and the hurdles for translation. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive electronic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed to identify studies published in English up until February 2020. Relevant keywords were used to obtain information regarding use of nanoparticle technology in fertility and gene therapy, early pregnancy complications (ectopic pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease) and obstetric complications (preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction, preterm birth and gestational diabetes) and for selective treatment of the mother or foetus. Safety of specific nanoparticles to the gamete, embryo and foetus was also investigated. OUTCOMES Pre-clinical research in the development of nanoparticle therapeutic delivery is being undertaken in many fields of reproductive medicine. Non-hormonal-targeted nanoparticle therapy for fibroids and endometriosis may provide fertility-sparing medical management. Delivery of interventions via nanotechnology provides opportunities for gene manipulation and delivery in mammalian gametes. Targeting cytotoxic treatments to early pregnancy tissue provides an alternative approach to manage ectopic pregnancies and gestational trophoblastic disease. In pregnancy, nanotherapeutic delivery offers options to stably deliver silencing RNA and microRNA inhibitors to the placenta to regulate gene expression, opening doors to novel genetic treatments for preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction. Restricting delivery of teratogenic drugs to the maternal compartment (such as warfarin) may reduce risks to the foetus. Alternatively, targeted delivery of drugs to the foetus (such as those to treat foetal arrythmias) may minimize side effects for the mother. WIDER IMPLICATIONS We expect that further development of targeted therapies using nanoparticles in a reproductive setting has promise to eventually allow safe and directed treatments for conditions impacting the health and reproductive capacity of women and for the management of pregnancy and serious pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Pritchard
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tu’uhevaha Kaitu’u-Lino
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Diagnostics Discovery and Reverse Translation, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynda Harris
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Tong
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Hannan
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Fan C, Qu H, Xiong F, Tang Y, Tang T, Zhang L, Mo Y, Li X, Guo C, Zhang S, Gong Z, Li Z, Xiang B, Deng H, Zhou M, Liao Q, Zhou Y, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Wang F, Zeng Z. CircARHGAP12 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma migration and invasion via ezrin-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling. Cancer Lett 2020; 496:41-56. [PMID: 32931883 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in malignant tumor initiation and progression; however, many circRNAs are yet unidentified, and the role of circRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. Using RNA sequencing, we discovered a novel circRNA, termed circARHGAP12, that was processed from the pre-mRNA of the ARHGAP12 gene. CircARHGAP12 was significantly upregulated in NPC tissues and cell lines and promoted NPC cell migration and invasion. Overexpression or knockdown experiments revealed that circARHGAP12 regulates the expression of cytoskeletal remodeling-related proteins EZR, TPM3, and RhoA. CircARHGAP12 was found to bind directly to the 3' UTR of EZR mRNA and promote its stability; moreover, EZR protein interacted with TPM3 and RhoA and formed a complex to promote NPC cell invasion and metastasis. This study identified the novel circRNA circARHGAP12, characterized its biological function and mechanism, and increased our understanding of circRNAs in NPC pathogenesis. In particular, circARHGAP12 was found to promote the malignant biological phenotype of NPC via cytoskeletal remodeling, thus providing a clue for targeted therapy of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hongke Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ting Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lishen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hao Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Huang ZX, Mao XM, Wu RF, Huang SM, Ding XY, Chen QH, Chen QX. RhoA/ROCK pathway mediates the effect of oestrogen on regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation in endometriosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10693-10704. [PMID: 32725958 PMCID: PMC7521234 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign gynaecological disease appearing with pelvic pain, rising dysmenorrhoea and infertility seriously impacting on 10% of reproductive‐age females. This research attempts to demonstrate the function and molecular mechanism of RhoA/ROCK pathway on epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation in endometriosis. The expression of Rho family was abnormally changed in endometriotic lesions; in particular, RhoA and ROCK1/2 were significantly elevated. Overexpression of RhoA in human eutopic endometrial epithelial cells (eutopic EECs) enhanced the cell mobility, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation, and RhoA knockdown exhibited the opposite function. Oestrogen up‐regulated the RhoA activity and expression of RhoA and ROCK1/2. RhoA overexpression reinforced the effect of oestrogen on promoting EMT and proliferation, and RhoA knockdown impaired the effect of oestrogen. oestrogen receptor α (ERα) was involved with the regulation of oestrogen on EMT and proliferation and up‐regulated RhoA activity and expression of RhoA and ROCK1/2. The function of ERα was modulated by the change in RhoA expression. Furthermore, phosphorylated ERK that was enhanced by oestrogen and ERα promoted the protein expression of RhoA/ROCK pathway. Endometriosis mouse model revealed that oestrogen enhanced the size and weight of endometriotic lesions. The expression of RhoA and phosphorylated ERK in mouse endometriotic lesions was significantly elevated by oestrogen. We conclude that abnormal activated RhoA/ROCK pathway in endometriosis is responsible for the function of oestrogen/ERα/ERK signalling, which promoted EMT and proliferation and resulted in the development of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao-Mei Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rong-Feng Wu
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shao-Min Huang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Yu Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Research and Diagnosis of Gynecological Diseases of Xiamen City and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong-Hua Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Research and Diagnosis of Gynecological Diseases of Xiamen City and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Chen C, Ye C, Xia J, Zhou Y, Wu R. Ezrin T567 phosphorylation regulates migration and invasion of ectopic endometrial stromal cells by changing actin cytoskeleton. Life Sci 2020; 254:117681. [PMID: 32380081 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The enhanced ability of endometrial cell migration and invasion is the foundation for formation of ectopic lesions in endometriosis. Ezrin has been reported to regulate cell motility by remodeling the cytoskeleton. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which ezrin remodels the cytoskeleton and cell structure to promote cell motility in endometriosis. METHODS In our study, expression and distribution of ezrin, and Rho pathway were detected through immunohistochemical analysis. The effects of inhibiting ezrin T567 phosphorylation on Rho signaling pathway and cytoskeleton were investigated through western blot, transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis. KEY FINDINGS We found that the expression of ezrin and Rho pathway was higher in ectopic endometrium. NSC305787 inhibited the phosphorylation of ezrin T567, resulting in decreased expression of Rho pathway and reduced filopodia formation in ectopic endometrial stromal cells. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our study suggested that ezrin T567 phosphorylation modulated migration and invasion of ectopic ESCs through actin reconstructions, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target in ovarian endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Chaoshuang Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Jianmei Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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7
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Jerman LF, Anderson L, Markham R, Hey-Cunningham AJ. The Lymphatic System in Endometriosis: a Pilot Study of Endometrial-Like Cells and Immune Cell Populations in Lymph Nodes Associated with Deep Infiltrating Bowel Lesions. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:977-987. [PMID: 32077078 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In endometriosis, the lymphatic and immune systems are implicated in disease establishment and progression. The objective of this pilot study was to examine endometrial-like, and for the first time, immune cell populations in lymph nodes associated with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) bowel lesions. Premenopausal women undergoing excision of endometriosis and/or hysterectomy were included. DIE bowel lesion-associated (n = 10) and other pelvic (n = 15) lymph nodes were studied. Samples were immunohistochemically stained for endometrial-like cells (CD10), T cells (CD3, CD4, CD8, and FoxP3), dendritic cells (DC; DC-Lamp and DC-Sign), B cells (CD20, CD79 and plasma), macrophages (CD68), and natural killer cells (NK; CD57). Cell abundance (percentage positive area) and antigen expression (optical density; OD) were quantified. Endometrial-like cells and each immune cell population were present in all studied nodes. The DIE bowel lesion-associated nodes showed features of immune activation, with T cell proliferation (CD3+ area p = 0.007, CD4+ area p = 0.015 compared with other pelvic nodes); and a mixture of helper and regulatory T cells, B cells, DCs, macrophages, and plasma cells present in the paracortex. In DIE bowel lesion-associated compared with other pelvic nodes, CD10+ endometrial-like cells were reduced (percentage positive area p < 0.001, OD p = 0.004). This study provides new insight into lymphatic and immune system involvement in advanced endometriosis. In particular, we have shown evidence of immune activation in DIE lesion-associated nodes. This was despite lower endometrial-like cell numbers compared with other pelvic nodes. The observations contribute to a developing understanding of the local immune response to advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila F Jerman
- The University of Sydney Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology; Central Clinical School; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Medical Foundation Building K25, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lyndal Anderson
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Robert Markham
- The University of Sydney Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology; Central Clinical School; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Medical Foundation Building K25, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alison J Hey-Cunningham
- The University of Sydney Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology; Central Clinical School; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Medical Foundation Building K25, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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8
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Li L, Ma L, Zhou C. Dysregulation of miR-202-3p Affects Migration and Invasion of Endometrial Stromal Cells in Endometriosis via Targeting ROCK1. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:731-742. [PMID: 32046445 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs in endometrial cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis (EM). This study aims to investigate the implication of aberrant miR-202-3p expression in EM and the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that miR-202-3p was significantly downregulated in eutopic endometrium of EM in comparison to normal endometrial samples (P < 0.05). Primary endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) isolated from eutopic or ectopic endometrium also showed a significant decrease in miR-202-3p level compared to ESCs from normal endometrium (P < 0.01). Functional studies using MTT, wound healing assay and transwell assay indicated that overexpression of miR-202-3p greatly impaired cell viability, migration, and invasion, whereas suppression of miR-202-3p exhibited the opposite effects (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). miR-202-3p mimics or inhibitors transfection significantly decreased or increased expression of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), respectively, in ESCs (P < 0.01). Using dual luciferase reporter assay, we validated ROCK1 as a direct target of miR-202-3p. Moreover, negative correlations between miR-202-3p and ROCK1 mRNA/protein levels were determined in both eutopic and normal control endometrium (P < 0.01). In conclusion, these findings suggest that suppression of miR-202-3p in ESCs results in enhanced cell viability, invasion, and migration at least partially via upregulation of its target ROCK1, which eventually contributes to the development of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
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Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates endometriosis by inhibiting the viability of human ectopic endometrial stromal cells through the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2019; 49:101642. [PMID: 31563698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on human ectopic endometriotic stromal cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ectopic endometrial tissue specimens were obtained from 6 female patients with ovarian endometriosis who underwent laparoscopic surgical procedures. Endometrial stromal cells derived from isolated ectopic endometriotic lesions were cultured, and the purity and homogeneity of cells were verified by Immunocytochemistry. The effect of Rg3 on cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). After treatment with Rg3, the protein expression of NF-κB p65 subunit, VEGF, and caspases3 were measured by western blot analysis. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 subunit was determined by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Rg3 inhibited the proliferation of ectopic endometriotic cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The treatment with Rg3 significantly diminished the level of NF-κB p65 subunit as well as TNF-α induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit in ectopic endometriotic cells. Moreover, Rg3 upregulated the expression of caspases3 but suppressed the expression of VEGF. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses endometriosis by reducing the viability of human ectopic endometrial stromal cells involving the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway in vitro.
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Yin LM, Duan TT, Ulloa L, Yang YQ. Ezrin Orchestrates Signal Transduction in Airway Cells. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 174:1-23. [PMID: 28702704 DOI: 10.1007/112_2017_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ezrin is a critical structural protein that organizes receptor complexes and orchestrates their signal transduction. In this study, we review the ezrin-meditated regulation of critical receptor complexes, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD44, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), and the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) receptor. We also analyze the ezrin-meditated regulation of critical pathways associated with asthma, such as the RhoA, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), and protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathways. Mounting evidence suggests that ezrin plays a role in controlling airway cell function and potentially contributes to respiratory diseases. Ezrin can participate in asthma pathogenesis by affecting bronchial epithelium repair, T lymphocyte regulation, and the contraction of the airway smooth muscle cells. These studies provide new insights for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Miao Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ting-Ting Duan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Surgery, Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Panir K, Schjenken JE, Robertson SA, Hull ML. Non-coding RNAs in endometriosis: a narrative review. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:497-515. [PMID: 29697794 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a benign gynaecological disorder, which affects 10% of reproductive-aged women and is characterized by endometrial cells from the lining of the uterus being found outside the uterine cavity. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms causing the development of this heterogeneous disease remain enigmatic, and a lack of effective biomarkers necessitates surgical intervention for diagnosis. There is international recognition that accurate non-invasive diagnostic tests and more effective therapies are urgently needed. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules, which are important regulators of cellular function, have been implicated in many chronic conditions. In endometriosis, transcriptome profiling of tissue samples and functional in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that ncRNAs are key contributors to the disease process. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In this review, we outline the biogenesis of various ncRNAs relevant to endometriosis and then summarize the evidence indicating their roles in regulatory pathways that govern disease establishment and progression. SEARCH METHODS Articles from 2000 to 2016 were selected for relevance, validity and quality, from results obtained in PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar using the following search terms: ncRNA and reproduction; ncRNA and endometriosis; miRNA and endometriosis; lncRNA and endometriosis; siRNA and endometriosis; endometriosis; endometrial; cervical; ovary; uterus; reproductive tract. All articles were independently screened for eligibility by the authors. OUTCOMES This review integrates extensive information from all relevant published studies focusing on microRNAs, long ncRNAs and short inhibitory RNAs in endometriosis. We outline the biological function and synthesis of microRNAs, long ncRNAs and short inhibitory RNAs and provide detailed findings from human research as well as functional studies carried out both in vitro and in vivo, including animal models. Although variability in findings between individual studies exists, collectively, the extant literature justifies the conclusion that dysregulated ncRNAs are a significant element of the endometriosis condition. WIDER IMPLICATIONS There is a compelling case that microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and short inhibitory RNAs have the potential to influence endometriosis development and persistence through modulating inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis and tissue remodelling. Rapid advances in ncRNA biomarker discovery and therapeutics relevant to endometriosis are emerging. Unravelling the significance of ncRNAs in endometriosis will pave the way for new diagnostic tests and identify new therapeutic targets and treatment approaches that have the potential to improve clinical options for women with this disabling condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Panir
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Louise Hull
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Fertility SA, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Soni UK, Chadchan SB, Kumar V, Ubba V, Khan MTA, Vinod BSV, Konwar R, Bora HK, Rath SK, Sharma S, Jha RK. A high level of TGF-B1 promotes endometriosis development via cell migration, adhesiveness, colonization, and invasiveness†. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:917-938. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Kumar Soni
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Vijay Kumar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vaibhave Ubba
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Rituraj Konwar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Himangsu Kousik Bora
- Animal Laboratory Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Jha
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Jiang C, Gong W, Chen R, Ke H, Qu X, Yang W, Cheng Z. RhoA/ROCK/ARHGAP26 signaling in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium is involved in clinical characteristics of adenomyosis. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:5019-5029. [PMID: 30387365 PMCID: PMC6300968 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518789038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate RhoA, RhoA-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) 1, ROCK2, and Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26) expression in the eutopic endometrium (EU) and ectopic endometrium (EC), and examine their relationships with the clinical characteristics of adenomyosis. METHODS Twenty patients with adenomyosis who underwent laparoscopy were recruited. Protein and mRNA expression of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, and ARHGAP26 in EU and EC of patients with adenomyosis and in control endometrium without adenomyosis (CE) was detected. RESULTS ROCK1, ROCK2, and RhoA mRNA expression in EU was significantly higher than that in CE, and was highest in EC. ARHGAP26 mRNA expression in EC and EU was significantly lower than that in CE. ROCK1, ROCK2, and RhoA protein expression in EC and EU was significantly higher than that in CE. ARHGAP26 protein expression in EC and EU was significantly lower than that in CE. ROCK1, ROCK2, and RhoA gene and protein expression was positively associated and ARHGAP26 was negatively associated with the severity of menorrhagia and menstrual capacity in adenomyosis. CONCLUSIONS RhoA, ROCK1, and ROCK2 expression is upregulated, and ARHGAP26 expression is downregulated in adenomyosis. The RhoA/ROCK-mediated signaling pathway is associated with dysmenorrhea and menstrual capacity in adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Jiang
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gong
- 2 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Chen
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Ke
- 2 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Yang
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongping Cheng
- 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hu T, Yao M, Fu X, Chen C, Wu R. Polychlorinated biphenyl 104 promotes migration of endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis. Toxicol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29535049 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as part of environmental contaminants, have been proved to be related to endometriosis. This study is to investigate the effect of PCB 104 on cell migration, invasion and resultant gene expression in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Fifty-three specimens of eutopic endometrial tissues were collected from twenty-four women with endometriosis (EU-EMS) and twenty-nine women without endometriosis (EU-NON). Both EU-EMS and EU-NON were divided into the PCB 104 exposure group and the control group according to whether they were exposed to PCB 104. Primary cultured ESCs were exposed to PCB 104 at the micro molar doses (2 × 10-3, 0.2 and 1 μmol/L) and concentrations of 2, 5 and 10 μmol/L in six-well plates. Cell mobility and proliferation assay were used to evaluate the effects of PCB 104 on the migration, invasion and proliferation of ESCs, and the effect of PCB 104 on actin cytoskeleton was also examined by immunofluorescence. Subsequently, the mRNA levels of related genes including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, -3, -9, -10, E-cadherin, Snail, Slug and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) -2 in ESCs were examined by using real-time PCR, as well as protein levels of MMP-3 and MMP-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We explored the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-10 induced by PCB 104. Exposure to PCB 104 significantly increased the migration and invasion of ESCs. The mRNA and protein levels of MMP-3 and MMP-10 in ESCs treated with PCB 104 were higher than that in the control, with a dose- and time-dependent manner in mRNA level, while the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, E-cadherin, Snail and Slug did not change significantly. Taken together, PCB 104 promotes migration and invasion of ESCs by inducing the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-10, which may involved the EGFR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Fu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chaolu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China.
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Zhang Z, Cheng X, Gui T, Tao J, Huang M, Zhu L, Luo M, Cao P, Wan G. Wenshen Xiaozheng Tang induces apoptosis and inhibits migration of ectopic endometriotic stromal cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:386-394. [PMID: 27401290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wenshen Xiaozheng Tang (WXT), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, exerted a good therapeutic effect on endometriosis. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the effect of WXT on the proliferation and migration of ectopic endometriotic stromal cells and explore the potential molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary stromal cells derived from ectopic endometriotic lesions of patients with endometriosis were isolated and cultured. The inhibition effect of WXT on cell proliferation was determined by MTT. Apoptosis of ectopic endometriotic cells treated with WXT was analyzed with Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD staining. The activation of caspases was detected by western blot analysis. The influence of WXT on migration of ectopic endometriotic cells was measured by scratch wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The DNA binding activity of NF-κB and the expression of nuclear p65 protein were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and western blot analysis, respectively. The impact of WXT on the expression of NF-κB regulated gene products involved in apoptosis and migration was determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS WXT inhibited the proliferation of ectopic endometriotic cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, WXT treatment resulted in significant induction of apoptosis through the activation of caspases and inhibition of migration in ectopic endometriotic cells. WXT notably suppressed constitutive NF-κB-DNA-binding activity as well as TNF-α induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit in ectopic endometriotic cells. Moreover, WXT diminished the expression of NF-κB regulated gene products involved in apoptosis and migration, including c-IAP1, c-IAP2, XIAP, survivin, Mcl-1, COX-2 and MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that WXT induces apoptosis and inhibits migration of ectopic endometriotic stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaolan Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Tao Gui
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jia Tao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Meihua Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Mei Luo
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Guiping Wan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Lin K, Zhan H, Ma J, Xu K, Wu R, Zhou C, Lin J. Silencing of SRA1 Regulates ER Expression and Attenuates the Growth of Stromal Cells in Ovarian Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:836-843. [PMID: 27694140 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116670036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol and its nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor (ER) α and ER-β, have important functions in endometriosis, and the transcriptional activity of these receptors is modulated by coactivators and corepressors. The steroid receptor RNA activator 1 (SRA1) produces SRA long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and SRA protein (SRAP), which regulate ER expression at the RNA and protein levels in some hormone-dependent tumors via an alternative splicing event. However, only a few are reported on their expressions in endometriosis. Here, we observed that low expression levels of SRA lncRNA and ER-α but relatively high expression levels of SRAP and ER-β were detected in ovarian endometriotic tissues versus normal endometrial tissues. Steroid receptor RNA activator 1-small interfering RNA treatment significantly increased ER-α levels but reduced ER-β levels in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs). Furthermore, the treatment can also attenuate the proliferation and promote early apoptosis in these cells. Our results indicate that the regulation of ER via SRA in ovarian endometriosis may play a significant role in the growth of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Lin
- 1 Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhan
- 1 Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Ma
- 2 Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihong Xu
- 1 Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- 1 Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Zhou
- 3 Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lin
- 1 Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Zhao LP, Huang L, Tian X, Liang FQ, Wei JC, Zhang X, Li S, Zhang QH. Knockdown of ezrin suppresses the migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:243-248. [PMID: 27072970 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Progressive tumor growth is dependent on angiogenesis. The mechanisms by which endothelial cells (ECs) are incorporated to develop new blood vessels are not well understood. Recent studies reveal that the ezrin radixin moesin (ERM) family members are key regulators of cellular activities such as adhesion, morphogenetic change, and migration. We hypothesized that ezrin, one of the ERM family members, may play important roles in ECs organization during angiogenesis, and new vessels formation in preexisting tissues. To test this hypothesis, in this study, we investigated the effects of ezrin gene silencing on the migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. HUVECs were transfected with plasmids with ezrin-targeting short hairpin RNA by using the lipofectamine-2000 system. Wound assay in vitro and three-dimensional culture were used to detect the migration and angiogenesis capacity of HUVECs. The morphological changes of transfected cells were observed by confocal and phase contrast microscopy. Our results demonstrated that the decreased expression of ezrin in HUVECs significantly induced the morphogenetic changes and cytoskeletal reorganization of the transfected cells, and also reduced cell migration and angiogenesis capacity in vitro, suggesting that ezrin play an important role in the process of HUVECs migration and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Ping Zhao
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Feng-Qi Liang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Wei
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
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Zhan H, Ma J, Ruan F, Bedaiwy MA, Peng B, Wu R, Lin J. Elevated phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL-3) promotes cytoskeleton reorganization, cell migration and invasion in endometrial stromal cells from endometrioma. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:723-33. [PMID: 26874360 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) associated with increased motility of endometriotic cells from endometrioma? SUMMARY ANSWER Elevated PRL-3 promotes cytoskeleton reorganization, cell migration and invasion of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) from endometrioma. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Overexpression of PRL-3 is associated with cancer cell migration, invasion and metastatic phenotype. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Primary human ESCs were isolated from eutopic endometrium of women without endometriosis (EuCo, n = 10), with histologically proven endometrioma (EuEM, n = 19) and from the cyst wall of ovarian endometriosis (OvEM, n = 26). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The expression of PRL-3 in ESCs derived from EuCo, EuEM and OvEM at different phases of menstrual cycle were compared. The protein and mRNA levels of PRL-3 were examined by western blot and RT-qPCR, respectively. ESCs from OvEM were transfected with/without short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). Additionally, a plasmid-mediated delivery system was used to achieve PRL-3 overexpression in ESCs from EuEM. The cellular distribution of F-actin and α-tubulin were examined by immunocytochemistry. Cell motility was evaluated by a transwell migration/invasion assay. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The protein and mRNA levels of PRL-3 are significantly elevated in ESCs from OvEM compared with EuCo and EuEM. The expression of PRL-3 was not altered between proliferative phase and secretory phase in ESCs from all groups. Knockdown of PRL-3 significantly modified the distribution of F-actin and α-tubulin cytoskeleton, inhibited cell migration and invasion. Endogenous inhibition of PRL-3 attenuated the expression of Ras homolog gene family members A and C (RhoA, RhoC), Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, but not MMP2 in ESCs from OvEM. Additionally, overexpression of PRL-3 in ESCs from EuEM up-regulates cell migration and invasion, and increases the expression of RhoA, RhoC, ROCK1 and MMP9. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Lack of in vivo animal studies is the major limitation of our report. Our results should be further confirmed in a larger cohort of patients and extended to include eutopic and ectopic endometrium from patients with peritoneal endometriosis at different stages of the disease. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study describes that elevated expression of PRL-3 contributes to the cell motility of ESCs from endometrioma. The results emphasize the importance of metastatic-related factor PRL-3 in the pathogenesis of endometrioma. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81170546) and Zhejiang Medicine Science and Technology Projects (No. Y13H040003). The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ruan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Mohamed A Bedaiwy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
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Stem cell differentiation increases membrane-actin adhesion regulating cell blebability, migration and mechanics. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7307. [PMID: 25471686 PMCID: PMC4255193 DOI: 10.1038/srep07307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines how differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells regulates the interaction between the cell membrane and the actin cortex controlling cell behavior. Micropipette aspiration was used to measure the pressure required for membrane-cortex detachment which increased from 0.15 kPa in stem cells to 0.71 kPa following chondrogenic differentiation. This effect was associated with reduced susceptibility to mechanical and osmotic bleb formation, reduced migration and an increase in cell modulus. Theoretical modelling of bleb formation demonstrated that the increased stiffness of differentiated cells was due to the increased membrane-cortex adhesion. Differentiated cells exhibited greater F-actin density and slower actin remodelling. Differentiated cells also expressed greater levels of the membrane-cortex ezrin, radixin, moeisin (ERM) linker proteins which was responsible for the reduced blebability, as confirmed by transfection of stem cells with dominant active ezrin-T567D-GFP. This study demonstrates that stem cells have an inherently weak membrane-cortex adhesion which increases blebability thereby regulating cell migration and stiffness.
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Small RNA molecules in endometriosis: pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 183:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Tan CW, Lee YH, Tan HH, Lau MSK, Choolani M, Griffith L, Chan JKY. CD26/DPPIV down-regulation in endometrial stromal cell migration in endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:167-177.e9. [PMID: 24825423 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) in endometriosis exhibit increased cell motility under hypoxia. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Women with endometriosis (n = 18) or benign gynecological disease (n=19). INTERVENTION(S) Eutopic ESCs were cultured under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (6.5% O2), and migration and invasion capacity assayed, with pathway-focused polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array and ELISAs performed. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) expression was determined by flow cytometric analysis and enzymatic activity assay. The ESCs supplemented with Diprotin A (CD26 inhibitor), stromal cell-derived factor-1α, or AMD3100 (C-X-C motif receptor 4; CXCR4 blocker) were assayed for their migratory potential. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endometrial stromal cell migration and invasion under hypoxia. RESULT(S) Endometriotic ESCs showed significantly higher migration and invasion through collagen gels under hypoxia compared with nonendometriotic ESCs. The PCR array revealed down-regulation of the migration inhibitor CD26/DPPIV and up-regulation of angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor A, C-X-C motif Ligand 6; CXCL6) in endometriotic ESCs under hypoxia. The CD26/DPPIV surface expression and activity as well as angiogenic protein secretions suggested that the molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant migratory and angiogenic behavior in endometriotic ESCs. A combinatorial treatment with diprotin A and stromal cell-derived factor-1α effectively enhanced migration and invasion preferentially in endometriotic ESCs cultured hypoxically. CONCLUSION(S) Loss of CD26/DPPIV under hypoxia and the subsequent increase in migratory and angiogenic factors may favor conditions for lesion development in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Wen Tan
- BioSystems and Micromechanics, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yie Hou Lee
- BioSystems and Micromechanics, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore
| | - Heng Hao Tan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Matthew Sie Kuei Lau
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda Griffith
- BioSystems and Micromechanics, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore; Department of Biological and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- BioSystems and Micromechanics, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
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DeSouza LV, Matta A, Karim Z, Mukherjee J, Wang XS, Krakovska O, Zadeh G, Guha A, Siu KM. Role of moesin in hyaluronan induced cell migration in glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:74. [PMID: 23855374 PMCID: PMC3718631 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major barrier to effective treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the invasion of glioma cells into the brain parenchyma rendering local therapies such as surgery and radiation therapy ineffective. GBM patients with such highly invasive and infiltrative tumors have poor prognosis with a median survival time of only about a year. However, the mechanisms leading to increased cell migration, invasion and diffused behavior of glioma cells are still poorly understood. Methods In the current study, we applied quantitative proteomics for the identification of differentially expressed proteins in GBMs as compared to non-malignant brain tissues. Results Our study led to the identification of 23 proteins showing overexpression in GBM; these include membrane proteins, moesin and CD44. The results were verified using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in independent set of GBM and non-malignant brain tissues. Both GBM tissues and glioma cell lines (U87 / U373) demonstrated membranous expression of moesin and CD44, as revealed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Notably, glioma cells transfected with moesin siRNA displayed reduced migration and invasion on treatment with hyaluronan (HA), an important component of the extracellular matrix in GBM. CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein, acts as a major receptor for hyaluronan (HA). Using co-immunoprecipitation assays, we further demonstrated that moesin interacts with CD44 in glioma cells only after treatment with HA; this implicates a novel role of moesin in HA-CD44 signaling in gliomas. Conclusions Our results suggest that development of inhibitors which interfere with CD44-moesin interactions may open a new avenue in the future to mitigate cellular migration in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroi V DeSouza
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, M3J 1P3 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lindner C, Urbánek P, Pavelka B, Hartmann M, Herrlich P. A link between two tumorigenic proteins, CD44 and p21WAF1: CD44 increases phorbol ester-induced expression of p21WAF1 by stabilizing its mRNA and extending protein half-life. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2698-704. [PMID: 23856463 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cell surface glycoprotein CD44 enhances phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)-induced expression of p21WAF1 by stabilizing its mRNA and enhancing the protein's half-life in several cell lines. Only the plasma membrane-anchored cytoplasmic tail of CD44 and its interacting ezrin, radixin, moesin (ERM) proteins are required for this effect. A mitogen activated kinase (MEK) inhibitor abolishes the action of CD44 on p21. Down-regulation of p21 dramatically decreased anchorage-independence of a cancer cell line, whereas CD44 expression in this background could partially rescue the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lindner
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Weimar CHE, Macklon NS, Post Uiterweer ED, Brosens JJ, Gellersen B. The motile and invasive capacity of human endometrial stromal cells: implications for normal and impaired reproductive function. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19:542-57. [PMID: 23827985 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying early reproductive loss in the human are beginning to be elucidated. The migratory and invasive capacity of human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) is increasingly recognized to contribute to the intense tissue remodelling associated with embryo implantation, trophoblast invasion and endometrial regeneration. In this review, we examine the signals and mechanisms that control ESC migration and invasion and assess how deregulation of these cell functions contributes to common reproductive disorders. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for publications on motility and invasiveness of human ESCs in normal endometrial function and in reproductive disorders including implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), endometriosis and adenomyosis, covering the period 2000-2012. RESULTS Increasing evidence suggests that implantation failure and RPL involve abnormal migratory responses of decidualizing ESCs to embryo and trophoblast signals. Numerous reports indicate that endometriosis, as well as adenomyosis, is associated with increased basal and stimulated invasiveness of ESCs and their progenitor cells, suggesting a link between a heightened menstrual repair response and the formation of ectopic implants. Migration and invasiveness of ESCs are controlled by a complex array of hormones, growth factors, chemokines and inflammatory mediators, and involve signalling through Rho GTPases, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. CONCLUSIONS Novel concepts are extending our understanding of the key functions of ESCs in effecting tissue repair imposed by cyclic menstruation and parturition. Migration of decidualizing ESCs also serves to support blastocyst implantation and embryo selection through discriminate motile responses directed by embryo quality. Targeting regulatory molecules holds promise for developing new strategies for the treatment of reproductive disorders such as endometriosis and recurrent miscarriage; and harnessing the migratory capacity of progenitor mesenchymal stem cells in the endometrium may offer new opportunities in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H E Weimar
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease (NIDOD), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
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Meola J, Dentillo DB, Rosa e Silva JC, Hidalgo GDS, Paz CCPD, Ferriani RA. RHOC: a key gene for endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:998-1002. [PMID: 23302395 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112472743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been invested in elucidating the potential mechanisms involved in the physiopathology of endometriosis. The aims of our study were to investigate whether RHOC expression is differentially altered in the endometrium and in endometriotic lesions. A total of 40 patients diagnosed with endometriosis and 15 healthy fertile women were selected for the study. Paired biopsies of endometrial tissue (eutopic endometrium) and endometriotic lesions (ectopic endometrium) were obtained from the patients with endometriosis. Endometrium from women without endometriosis was used as a control. Expression of the RHOC gene was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in autologous endometrial tissues of women with endometriosis and in the endometrium of control women. Increased RHOC expression was detected in endometriotic lesions compared to the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis and control women. RHOC changes may be among the key elements involved in the origin and the maintenance of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Meola
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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