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Yang D, Hu Q, Zhao S, Hu X, Gao X, Dai F, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Cheng Y. An optofluidic system for the concentration gradient screening of oocyte protection drugs. Talanta 2024; 278:126472. [PMID: 38924991 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Oocytes protective drug screening is essential for the treatment of reproductive diseases. However, few studies construct the oocyte in vitro drug screening microfluidic systems because of their enormous size, scarcity, and sensitivity to the culture environment. Here, we present an optofluidic system for oocyte drug screening and state analysis. The system consists of two parts: an open-top drug screening microfluidic chip and an optical Fourier filter analysis part. The open-top microfluidic chip anchors single oocyte with hydrogel and allows nutrient and gas environment updating which is essential for oocyte culturing. The optical filter analysis part is used to accurately analyse the status of oocytes. Based on this system, we found that fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) damaged the oocyte spindle in a dose-dependent manner, a high dose of melatonin (10-3 M) effectively reduces the percentage of abnormally arranged chromosomes of oocytes exposed to 40 μM BHPF. This optofluidic system shows great promise for the culture of oocytes and demonstrates the robust ability for convenient multi-concentration oocytes drug screening. This technology may benefit further biomedicine and reproductive toxicology applications in the lab on a chip community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qinghao Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Shukun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xuejia Hu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqi Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yajing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Gao SC, Dong MZ, Zhao BW, Liu SL, Guo JN, Sun SM, Li YY, Xu YH, Wang ZB. Fangchinoline inhibits mouse oocyte meiosis by disturbing MPF activity. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 99:105876. [PMID: 38876226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Fangchinoline (FA) is an alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Fangji. Numerous studies have shown that FA has a toxic effect on various cancer cells, but little is known about its toxic effects on germ cells, especially oocytes. In this study, we investigated the effects of FA on mouse oocyte maturation and its potential mechanisms. Our results showed that FA did not affect meiosis resumption but inhibited the first polar body extrusion. This inhibition is not due to abnormalities at the organelle level, such as chromosomes and mitochondrial, which was proved by detection of DNA damage and reactive oxygen species. Further studies revealed that FA arrested the oocyte at the metaphase I stage, and this arrest was not caused by abnormal kinetochore-microtubule attachment or spindle assembly checkpoint activation. Instead, FA inhibits the activity of anaphase-promoting complexes (APC/C), as evidenced by the inhibition of CCNB1 degeneration. The decreased activity of APC/C may be due to a reduction in CDC25B activity as indicated by the high phosphorylation level of CDC25B (Ser323). This may further enhance Maturation-Promoting Factor (MPF) activity, which plays a critical role in meiosis. In conclusion, our study suggests that the metaphase I arrest caused by FA may be due to abnormalities in MPF and APC/C activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Wang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sai-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ni Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Min Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Jin Z, Zhao-Xia L, Fan-Ke P, Wen-Juan Z, Min-Li W, Han-Yi Z. Progress in the study of reproductive toxicity of platinum-based antitumor drugs and their means of prevention. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1327502. [PMID: 38414732 PMCID: PMC10896984 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1327502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based antitumor drugs are broad-spectrum agents with unique mechanisms of action. Combination chemotherapy regimens based on platinum drugs are commonly used in cancer treatment. However, these drugs can cause various adverse reactions in the human body through different routes of administration, including reproductive toxicity, genetic toxicity, and embryonic developmental toxicity. Preventing adverse effects is crucial to enhance patients' quality of life and reduce healthcare costs. This article discusses the types and developmental history of antitumor active platinum compounds, their mechanisms of action, routes of administration, and their potential reproductive, genetic, and embryonic developmental toxicity. This text explores preventive measures based on animal experimental results. Its aim is to provide references for personalized treatment and occupational protection when using platinum drugs. The continuous progress of science and technology, along with the deepening of medical research, suggests that the application of platinum drugs will broaden. Therefore, the development of new platinum drugs will be an important direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Jin
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Liu Zhao-Xia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | | | | | - Wei Min-Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zeng Han-Yi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Genetics at the School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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4
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Khatun H, Yamanaka KI, Sugimura S. Antioxidant sericin averts the disruption of oocyte-follicular cell communication triggered by oxidative stress. Mol Hum Reprod 2024; 30:gaae001. [PMID: 38244573 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are free radical scavengers that increase oocyte quality and improve female fertility by suppressing oxidative stress. However, the related mechanisms remain unclear. The present study was designed to examine whether a reduction of oxidative stress from using the antioxidant sericin led to expanded cumulus cell (CC)-oocyte communication and oocyte developmental acquisition in a bovine model. We found that cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) matured in the presence of sericin showed a significantly increased oocyte meiotic maturation rate (P < 0.01) and accelerated subsequent blastocyst formation, as more blastocysts were found at the hatched stage (P < 0.05) compared to that in the control group. In contrast to the control group, sericin suppressed H2O2 levels in COCs, resulting in a markedly enhanced CC-oocyte gap junction communication index and number of transzonal projections, which were preserved until 18 h of oocyte maturation. These findings indicate that sericin reduces disruption of oocyte-follicular cell communication induced by oxidative stress. Sericin consistently increased intra-oocyte glutathione (GSH) levels and reduced oocyte H2O2 levels (P < 0.05), both of which were ablated when GSH synthesis was inhibited by buthionine sulfoximide (an inhibitor of GSH synthesis). Furthermore, the inhibition of GSH synthesis counteracted the positive effects of sericin on subsequent embryo developmental competence (P < 0.01). Intra-oocyte GSH levels were positively associated with blastocyst development and quality. These outcomes demonstrate new perspectives for the improvement of oocyte quality in assisted reproductive technology and may contribute to developing treatment strategies for infertility and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Khatun
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sugimura
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhao Y, E Z, Jiao A, Sun Z, Zhang H, Wang H, Fang N, Gao Q, Jin Q. Dendrobine enhances bovine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development and quality. Theriogenology 2023; 203:53-60. [PMID: 36972665 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for improving the quality of oocytes have important theoretical and practical significance for increasing the efficiency of livestock breeding. In this respect, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major factor affecting the development of oocytes and embryos. This study investigated the effects of Dendrobium nobile extract (DNE) on the in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes and embryonic development after IVF. DNE is an extract from Dendrobium rhizomes that contains alkaloids with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-ageing functions. Various concentrations of DNE (0, 5, 10, 20 and 50 μmol/L) were added during oocyte maturation in vitro, and we found that 10 μmol/L of DNE remarkably increased the oocyte maturation rate, the subsequent blastocyst formation rate and embryo quality. Further, we found that DNE treatment decreased the frequency of spindle/chromosome defects and ROS and increased the oocyte glutathione and mitochondrial membrane potential in oocytes. Moreover, DNE upregulated the expression of oxidative stress-related genes (Sirt1, Sirt2, Sirt3 and Sod1) in oocytes and apoptosis-related genes (Caspase-3, Caspase-4, Bax, Bcl-xl and Survivin) in blastocysts. These results suggest that DNE supplementation can promote oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development by regulating redox reactions and inhibiting embryonic apoptosis.
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Yang CX, Yang YW, Mou Q, Chen L, Wang C, Du ZQ. Proteomic changes induced by ascorbic acid treatment on porcine immature Sertoli cells. Theriogenology 2022; 188:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Li Q, Zhao T, He H, Robert N, Ding T, Hu X, Zhang T, Pan Y, Cui Y, Yu S. Ascorbic acid protects the toxic effects of aflatoxin B 1 on yak oocyte maturation. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13702. [PMID: 35257449 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-quality oocytes are a prerequisite for successful fertilization. Mammals feeding on aflatoxin-contaminated feed can cause reproductive toxicity, including follicular atresia, poor oocyte development and maturation, and aberrant epigenetic modifications of oocytes. In addition, the important role of ascorbic acid (AA) in reproductive biology has been confirmed, and AA is widely used as an antioxidant in cell culture. However, the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) on yak oocytes and whether AA has protective effects remain unknown. In this study, we found that exposure to AFB1 impedes meiotic maturation of oocytes, promotes apoptosis by triggering high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disrupts mitochondrial distribution and actin integrity, resulting in a decrease in the fertilization ability and parthenogenetic development ability of oocytes. In addition, these injuries changed the DNA methylation transferase transcription level of mature oocytes. After adding 50 μg/ml AA, the indices recovered to levels close to those of the control group. The results showed that AA could protect yak oocytes from the toxic effects of AFB1 and improve the quality of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Honghong He
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Niayale Robert
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Ding
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuequan Hu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tongxiang Zhang
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Hao Y, Wang J, Ren J, Liu Z, Bai Z, Liu G, Dai Y. Effect of dimethyl alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation on the in vitro developmental competences of ovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2022; 184:171-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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CoQ10 improves meiotic maturation of pig oocytes through enhancing mitochondrial function and suppressing oxidative stress. Theriogenology 2020; 159:77-86. [PMID: 33113448 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential to many fundamental biological processes. However, the effect of CoQ10 on meiotic maturation of pig oocytes still remains elusive. In the present study we aimed to understand the effects of CoQ10 on porcine oocyte maturation, by supplementing different concentrations of CoQ10 (25, 50 and 100 μM) into the maturation medium. We showed that CoQ10 at 50 μM had better capacity to promote the nuclear maturation of pig oocytes derived from both small and large antral follicles. Though the cleavage and blastocyst rates of parthenotes stayed stable, 50 μM CoQ10 treatment could accelerate the development of parthenotes to blastocyst stage, and increase the average cell number of blastocyst. For cumulus-oocyte complexes from large antral follicles categorized by the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test, 50 μM CoQ10 treatment could specifically promote the nuclear maturation of poor-quality oocytes in the BCB-negative group. Mitochondrial function of oocytes treated by 50 μM CoQ10 could be boosted, through increasing the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production and CoQ6, and changing the pattern of mitochondrial distribution as well. Moreover, 50 μM CoQ10 treatment suppressed the level of reactive oxygen species and reduced the percentage of oocytes with early apoptosis signal. Taken together, CoQ10 could improve the meiotic maturation of pig oocytes, especially for poor-quality oocytes, mainly through enhancing mitochondrial function and suppressing oxidative stress to reduce apoptosis.
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Zhang X, Zhou C, Li W, Li J, Wu W, Tao J, Liu H. Vitamin C Protects Porcine Oocytes From Microcystin-LR Toxicity During Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582715. [PMID: 33134299 PMCID: PMC7578366 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is the most toxic cyanotoxin found in water bodies. Microcystins are produced as secondary products of cyanobacteria metabolism. They have a stable structure, and can bioaccumulate in living organisms. Humans and livestock who drink fresh water containing MC-LR can be poisoned. However, few studies have reported the effects of MC-LR exposure on livestock or human reproduction. In this study, we used porcine oocytes as a model to explore the effects of MC-LR on oocyte maturation, and studied the impact of vitamin C (VC) administration on MC-LR-induced meiosis defects. Exposure to MC-LR significantly restricted cumulus cell expansion and decreased first polar body extrusion. Further studies showed that MC-LR exposure led to meiosis arrest by disturbing cytoskeleton dynamics with MC-LR exposed oocytes displaying aberrant spindle organization, low levels of acetylate α-tubulin, and disturbed actin polymerization. Additionally, MC-LR exposure impaired cytoplasmic maturation by inducing mitochondria dysfunction. Moreover, MC-LR also produced abnormal epigenetic modifications, and induced high levels of oxidative stress, caused DNA damage and early apoptosis. The administration of VC provided partial protection from all of the defects observed in oocytes exposed to MC-LR. These results demonstrate that MC-LR has a toxic effect on oocyte meiosis through mitochondrial dysfunction-induced ROS, DNA damage and early apoptosis. Supplementation of VC is able to protect against MC-LR-induced oocyte damage and represents a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the quality of MC-LR-exposed oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyin Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingli Tao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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