1
|
Yang L, Wang C, Lai X, Jin S, Wang X, Wen Z, Yang M, Fazal A, Ding Y, Li Z, Cai J, Lu G, Lin H, Han H, Yang Y, Qi J. In vivo transgenic studies confirm the critical acylation function of LeBAHD56 for shikonin in Lithospermum erythrorhizon. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:160. [PMID: 38825616 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE LeBAHD56 is preferentially expressed in tissues where shikonin and its derivatives are biosynthesized, and it confers shikonin acylation in vivo. Two WRKY transcriptional factors might regulate LeBAHD56's expression. Shikonin and its derivatives, found in the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, have extensive application in the field of medicine, cosmetics, and other industries. Prior research has demonstrated that LeBAHD1(LeSAT1) is responsible for the biochemical process of shikonin acylation both in vitro and in vivo. However, with the exception of its documented in vitro biochemical function, there is no in vivo genetic evidence supporting the acylation function of the highly homologous gene of LeSAT1, LeBAHD56(LeSAT2), apart from its reported role. Here, we validated the critical acylation function of LeBAHD56 for shikonin using overexpression (OE) and CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout (KO) strategies. The results showed that the OE lines had a significantly higher ratio of acetylshikonin, isobutyrylshikonin or isovalerylshikonin to shikonin than the control. In contrast, the KO lines had a significantly lower ratio of acetylshikonin, isobutyrylshikonin or isovalerylshikonin to shikonin than controls. As for its detailed expression patterns, we found that LeBAHD56 is preferentially expressed in roots and callus cells, which are the biosynthesis sites for shikonin and its derivatives. In addition, we anticipated that a wide range of putative transcription factors might control its transcription and verified the direct binding of two crucial WRKY members to the LeBAHD56 promoter's W-box. Our results not only confirmed the in vivo function of LeBAHD56 in shikonin acylation, but also shed light on its transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaohui Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Biology and Geography Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China
| | - Suo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhongling Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Aliya Fazal
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuhang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang W, Li J, Dong Y, Huang Y, Qi Y, Bai H, Li H, Shi L. Genome-wide identification and expression of BAHD acyltransferase gene family shed novel insights into the regulation of linalyl acetate and lavandulyl acetate in lavender. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154143. [PMID: 38064887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The BAHD acyltransferase superfamily has a variety of biological functions, especially in catalyzing the synthesis of ester compounds and improving plant stress resistance. Linalyl acetate and lavandulyl acetate, the most important volatile esters in lavender, are generated by LaBAHDs. However, the systematic identification, expression characteristics of LaBAHD genes and their correlations with ester formation remain elusive. Here, 166 LaBAHD genes were identified from the lavender genome. Based on detailed phylogenetic analysis, the LaBAHD family genes were divided into five groups, among which the LaBAHDs involved in volatile ester biosynthesis belong to the IIIa and Va clades. Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) and tandem duplications (TDs) jointly drive the expansion of LaBAHD superfamily. The promoter regions of LaBAHDs contained a variety of stress- and hormone-related motifs, as well as binding sites with five types of transcription factors (TFs). Then, linalyl acetate- and lavandulyl acetate-regulated coexpression modules were established and some candidate TFs that may function in inducing ester formation were identified. Based on the correlation analysis between the ester contents and expression profiles of BAHD genes in different tissues, five candidate genes were screened for further examination. Drought, salt and MeJA treatments increased the accumulation of linalyl acetate and lavandulyl acetate, and induced the expression of LaBAHDs. Our results indicated that LaBAHD57, LaBAHD63, LaBAHD104, LaBAHD105 and LaBAHD119 are crucial candidate genes involved in linalyl acetate and lavandulyl acetate biosynthesis. Our findings offer a theoretical foundation for further studying the specific biological functions of LaBAHD family and improving the quality of lavender essential oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Yeqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yue Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu L, Xu H, Zhang W, Xing J, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of the BAHD Family in Welsh Onion and CER2-LIKEs Involved in Wax Metabolism. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1286. [PMID: 37372466 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BAHD acyltransferases (BAHDs), especially those present in plant epidermal wax metabolism, are crucial for environmental adaptation. Epidermal waxes primarily comprise very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives, serving as significant components of aboveground plant organs. These waxes play an essential role in resisting biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified the BAHD family in Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum). Our analysis revealed the presence of AfBAHDs in all chromosomes, with a distinct concentration in Chr3. Furthermore, the cis-acting elements of AfBAHDs were associated with abiotic/biotic stress, hormones, and light. The motif of Welsh onion BAHDs indicated the presence of a specific BAHDs motif. We also established the phylogenetic relationships of AfBAHDs, identifying three homologous genes of CER2. Subsequently, we characterized the expression of AfCER2-LIKEs in a Welsh onion mutant deficient in wax and found that AfCER2-LIKE1 plays a critical role in leaf wax metabolism, while all AfCER2-LIKEs respond to abiotic stress. Our findings provide new insights into the BAHD family and lay a foundation for future studies on the regulation of wax metabolism in Welsh onion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lecheng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiayi Xing
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yongqin Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Medison MB, Pan R, Peng Y, Medison RG, Shalmani A, Yang X, Zhang W. Identification of HQT gene family and their potential function in CGA synthesis and abiotic stresses tolerance in vegetable sweet potato. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:361-376. [PMID: 37033766 PMCID: PMC10073390 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamate-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) enzyme affect plant secondary metabolism and are crucial for growth and development. To date, limited research on the genome-wide analysis of HQT family genes and their regulatory roles in chlorogenic acid (CGA) accumulation in leafy vegetable sweet potato is available. Here, a total of 58 HQT family genes in the sweet potato genome (named IbHQT) were identified and analyzed. We studied the chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationship, motifs distribution, collinearity, and cis-acting element analysis of HQT family genes. This study used two sweet potato varieties, high CGA content Fushu 7-6-14-7 (HC), and low CGA content Fushu 7-6 (LC). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, clade A was unique among the identified four clades as it contained HQT genes from various species. The chromosomal location and collinearity analysis revealed that tandem gene duplication may promote the IbHQT gene expansion and expression. The expression patterns and profile analysis showed changes in gene expression levels at different developmental stages and under cold, drought, and salt stress conditions. The expression analysis verified by qRT-PCR revealed that IbHQT genes were highly expressed in the HC variety leaves than in the LC variety. Furthermore, cloning and gene function analysis unveiled that IbHQT family genes are involved in the biosynthesis and accumulation of CGA in sweet-potato. This study expands our understanding of the regulatory role of HQT genes in sweet-potato and lays a foundation for further functional characterization and genetic breeding by engineering targeted HQT candidate genes in various sweet-potato varieties and other species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01299-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milca Banda Medison
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Rui Pan
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Ying Peng
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Rudoviko Galileya Medison
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - XinSun Yang
- Institute of Food Crops/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Sweet Potato/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
González Moreno A, Domínguez E, Mayer K, Xiao N, Bock P, Heredia A, Gierlinger N. 3D (x-y-t) Raman imaging of tomato fruit cuticle: Microchemistry during development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:219-232. [PMID: 35972400 PMCID: PMC9806558 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle is a protective extracellular matrix that covers the above-ground epidermis of land plants. Here, we studied the cuticle of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits in situ using confocal Raman microscopy. Microsections from cuticles isolated at different developmental stages were scanned to visualize cuticle components with a spatial resolution of 342 nm by univariate and multivariate data analysis. Three main components, cutin, polysaccharides, and aromatics, were identified, with the latter exhibiting the strongest Raman scattering intensity. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were differentiated within the cuticle, and three schematic cuticle models were identified during development. Phenolic acids were found across the entire cuticle at the earliest stage of development, i.e. during the formation of the procuticle layer. Based on a mixture analysis with reference component spectra, the phenolic acids were identified as mainly esterified p-coumaric acid together with free p-hydroxybenzoic acid. During the cell expansion period of growth, phenolic acids accumulated in an outermost layer of the cuticle and in the middle region of the pegs. In these stages of development, cellulose and pectin were detected next to the inner cuticle region, close to the epidermal cell where flavonoid impregnation started during ripening. In the first ripening stage, chalconaringenin was observed, while methoxylated chalcones were chosen by the algorithm to fit the mature cuticle spectra. The colocation of carbohydrates, esterified p-coumaric acid, and methoxylated chalconaringenin suggests that the latter two link polysaccharide and cutin domains. Elucidating the different distribution of aromatics within the cuticle, suggests important functions: (1) overall impregnation conferring mechanical and thermal functions (2) the outermost phenolic acid layer displaying UV-B protection of the plant tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Domínguez
- IHSM-UMA-CSIC La Mayora, Plant breeding and Biotechnology, CSIC, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Konrad Mayer
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nannan Xiao
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Bock
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Heredia
- IHSM-UMA-CSIC La Mayora, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grünhofer P, Stöcker T, Guo Y, Li R, Lin J, Ranathunge K, Schoof H, Schreiber L. Populus × canescens root suberization in reaction to osmotic and salt stress is limited to the developing younger root tip region. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13765. [PMID: 36281836 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Populus is a valuable and fast-growing tree species commonly cultivated for economic and scientific purposes. But most of the poplar species are sensitive to drought and salt stress. Thus, we compared the physiological effects of osmotic stress (PEG8000) and salt treatment (NaCl) on poplar roots to identify potential strategies for future breeding or genetic engineering approaches. We investigated root anatomy using epifluorescence microscopy, changes in root suberin composition and amount using gas chromatography, transcriptional reprogramming using RNA sequencing, and modifications of root transport physiology using a pressure chamber. Poplar roots reacted to the imposed stress conditions, especially in the developing younger root tip region, with remarkable differences between both types of stress. Overall, the increase in suberin content was surprisingly small, but the expression of key suberin biosynthesis genes was strongly induced. Significant reductions of the radial water transport in roots were only observed for the osmotic and not the hydrostatic hydraulic conductivity. Our data indicate that the genetic enhancement of root suberization processes in poplar might be a promising target to convey increased tolerance, especially against toxic sodium chloride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grünhofer
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tyll Stöcker
- Department of Crop Bioinformatics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yayu Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kosala Ranathunge
- UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heiko Schoof
- Department of Crop Bioinformatics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smith RA, Beebe ET, Bingman CA, Vander Meulen K, Eugene A, Steiner AJ, Karlen SD, Ralph J, Fox BG. Identification and characterization of a set of monocot BAHD monolignol transferases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:37-48. [PMID: 35134228 PMCID: PMC9070852 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant BAHD acyltransferases perform a wide range of enzymatic tasks in primary and secondary metabolism. Acyl-CoA monolignol transferases, which couple a CoA substrate to a monolignol creating an ester linkage, represent a more recent class of such acyltransferases. The resulting conjugates may be used for plant defense but are also deployed as important "monomers" for lignification, in which they are incorporated into the growing lignin polymer chain. p-Coumaroyl-CoA monolignol transferases (PMTs) increase the production of monolignol p-coumarates, and feruloyl-CoA monolignol transferases (FMTs) catalyze the production of monolignol ferulate conjugates. We identified putative FMT and PMT enzymes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and have compared their activities to those of known monolignol transferases. The putative FMT enzymes produced both monolignol ferulate and monolignol p-coumarate conjugates, whereas the putative PMT enzymes produced monolignol p-coumarate conjugates. Enzyme activity measurements revealed that the putative FMT enzymes are not as efficient as the rice (Oryza sativa) control OsFMT enzyme under the conditions tested, but the SbPMT enzyme is as active as the control OsPMT enzyme. These putative FMTs and PMTs were transformed into Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to test their activities and abilities to biosynthesize monolignol conjugates for lignification in planta. The presence of ferulates and p-coumarates on the lignin of these transformants indicated that the putative FMTs and PMTs act as functional feruloyl-CoA and p-coumaroyl-CoA monolignol transferases within plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily T Beebe
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Craig A Bingman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kirk Vander Meulen
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Alexis Eugene
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | | | - Steven D Karlen
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Brian G Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Webster C, Figueroa‐Corona L, Méndez‐González ID, Álvarez‐Soto L, Neale DB, Jaramillo‐Correa JP, Wegrzyn JL, Vázquez‐Lobo A. Comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer genera. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8611. [PMID: 35222971 PMCID: PMC8848466 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In land plants, heteroblasty broadly refers to a drastic change in morphology during growth through ontogeny. Juniperus flaccida and Pinus cembroides are conifers of independent lineages known to exhibit leaf heteroblasty between the juvenile and adult life stage of development. Juvenile leaves of P. cembroides develop spirally on the main stem and appear decurrent, flattened, and needle‐like; whereas adult photosynthetic leaves are triangular or semi‐circular needle‐like, and grow in whorls on secondary or tertiary compact dwarf shoots. By comparison, J. flaccida juvenile leaves are decurrent and needle‐like, and adult leaves are compact, short, and scale‐like. Comparative analyses were performed to evaluate differences in anatomy and gene expression patterns between developmental phases in both species. RNA from 12 samples was sequenced and analyzed with available software. They were assembled de novo from the RNA‐Seq reads. Following assembly, 63,741 high‐quality transcripts were functionally annotated in P. cembroides and 69,448 in J. flaccida. Evaluation of the orthologous groups yielded 4140 shared gene families among the four references (adult and juvenile from each species). Activities related to cell division and development were more abundant in juveniles than adults in P. cembroides, and more abundant in adults than juveniles in J. flaccida. Overall, there were 509 up‐regulated and 81 down‐regulated genes in the juvenile condition of P. cembroides and 14 up‐regulated and 22 down‐regulated genes in J. flaccida. Gene interaction network analysis showed evidence of co‐expression and co‐localization of up‐regulated genes involved in cell wall and cuticle formation, development, and phenylpropanoid pathway, in juvenile P. cembroides leaves. Whereas in J. flaccida, differential expression and gene interaction patterns were detected in genes involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis. Although J. flaccida and P. cembroides both exhibit leaf heteroblastic development, little overlap was detected, and unique genes and pathways were highlighted in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Webster
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Laura Figueroa‐Corona
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Iván David Méndez‐González
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lluvia Álvarez‐Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca México
| | - David B. Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis California USA
| | - Juan Pablo Jaramillo‐Correa
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Jill L. Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Alejandra Vázquez‐Lobo
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma TL, Li WJ, Hong YS, Zhou YM, Tian L, Zhang XG, Liu FL, Liu P. TMT based proteomic profiling of Sophora alopecuroides leaves reveal flavonoid biosynthesis processes in response to salt stress. J Proteomics 2021; 253:104457. [PMID: 34933133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress is the major abiotic stress worldwide, adversely affecting crop yield and quality. Utilizing salt tolerance genes for the genetic breeding of crops is one of the most effective measures to withstand salinization. Sophora alopecuroides is a well-known saline-alkaline and drought-tolerant medicinal plant. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism for Sophora alopecuroides salt tolerance is crucial to identifying the salt-tolerant genes. In this study, we performed tandem mass tag (TMT) based proteomic profiling of S. alopecuroides leaves under 150 mM NaCl induced salt stress condition for 3 d and 7 d. Data are available on ProteomeXchange (PXD027627). Furthermore, the proteomic findings were validated through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). We observed that the expression levels of several transporter proteins related to the secondary messenger signaling pathway were altered under salt stress conditions induced for 3 d. However, the expression of the certain transferase, oxidoreductase, dehydrogenase, which are involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, and amino acid metabolism, were mainly alerted after 7 d post-salt-stress induction. Several potential genes that might be involved in salt stress conditions were identified; however, it demands further investigation. Although salt stress affects the level of secondary metabolites, their correlation needs to be investigated further. SIGNIFICANCE: Salinization is the most severe abiotic adversity, which has had a significant negative effect on world food security over the time. Excavating salt-tolerant genes from halophytes or medicinal plants is one of the important measures to cope with salt stress. S. alopecuroides is a well-known medicinal plant with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, anti-saline properties, and resistance to drought stress. Currently, only a few studies have explored the S. alopecuroides' gene function, and regulation and these studies are mostly related to the unpublished genome sequence information of S. alopecuroides. Recently, transcriptomics and metabolomics studies have been carried on the abiotic stress in S. alopecuroides roots. Multiple studies have shown that altered gene expression at the transcript level and altered metabolite levels do not correspond to the altered protein levels. In this study, TMT and PRM based proteomic analyses of S. alopecuroides leaves under salt stress condition induced using 150 mM NaCl for 3 d and 7 d was performed. These analyses elucidated the activation of different mechanisms in response to salt stress. A total of 434 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in salt stress conditions were identified and analyzed. For the first time, this study utilized proteomics technology to dig out plentiful underlying salt-tolerant genes from the medicinal plant, S. alopecuroides. We believe that this study will be of great significance to crop genetics and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Li Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yuan-Shu Hong
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Feng-Lou Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang L, Chen K, Zhang M, Ye M, Qiao X. Catalytic function, mechanism, and application of plant acyltransferases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:125-144. [PMID: 34151663 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1931015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acyltransferases (ATs) are important tailoring enzymes that contribute to the diversity of natural products. They catalyze the transfer of acyl groups to the skeleton, which improves the lipid solubility, stability, and pharmacological activity of natural compounds. In recent years, a number of ATs have been isolated from plants. In this review, we have summarized 141 biochemically characterized ATs during the period July 1997 to October 2020, including their function, heterologous expression systems, and catalytic mechanisms. Their catalytic performance and application potential has been further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harman-Ware AE, Sparks S, Addison B, Kalluri UC. Importance of suberin biopolymer in plant function, contributions to soil organic carbon and in the production of bio-derived energy and materials. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:75. [PMID: 33743797 PMCID: PMC7981814 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Suberin is a hydrophobic biopolymer of significance in the production of biomass-derived materials and in biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we describe suberin structure and biosynthesis, and its importance in biological (i.e., plant bark and roots), ecological (soil organic carbon) and economic (biomass conversion to bioproducts) contexts. Furthermore, we highlight the genomics and analytical approaches currently available and explore opportunities for future technologies to study suberin in quantitative and/or high-throughput platforms in bioenergy crops. A greater understanding of suberin structure and production in lignocellulosic biomass can be leveraged to improve representation in life cycle analysis and techno-economic analysis models and enable performance improvements in plant biosystems as well as informed crop system management to achieve economic and environmental co-benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Harman-Ware
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, Center for Bioenergy Innovation, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Samuel Sparks
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Bennett Addison
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, Center for Bioenergy Innovation, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Udaya C Kalluri
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu Y, Tie W, Yan Y, Xu B, Liu J, Li M, Yang J, Zeng J, Hu W, Jin Z. Identification and expression of the BAHD family during development, ripening, and stress response in banana. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1127-1138. [PMID: 33492573 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The BAHD family is involved in different biological roles in plants, including secondary metabolite synthesis, improving abiotic/biotic stress resistance, and influencing fruit quality. However, the knowledge about BAHD in banana, an important fruit crop, is limited. In this study, 46 banana BAHD genes (MaBAHDs) were identified and divided into four groups according to phylogenetic analysis. Most of the MaBAHD genes in the same group presented similar conserved motifs and genetic structures. MaBAHD genes have similar expression patterns in two banana varieties, and more genes showed high expressions in the roots. The comprehensive MaBAHD gene expression patterns obtained from two varieties of banana showed valuable information regarding their participation in fruit development, ripening, and response to abiotic/biotic stresses, suggesting that they play key roles in these processes. The systematic analysis of MaBAHD genes offered basic insight for further gene functional assays and potential applications in genetically improving banana cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Biyu Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Juhua Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Meiying Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jinghao Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Jin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matschi S, Vasquez MF, Bourgault R, Steinbach P, Chamness J, Kaczmar N, Gore MA, Molina I, Smith LG. Structure-function analysis of the maize bulliform cell cuticle and its potential role in dehydration and leaf rolling. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00282. [PMID: 33163853 PMCID: PMC7598327 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobic cuticle of plant shoots serves as an important interaction interface with the environment. It consists of the lipid polymer cutin, embedded with and covered by waxes, and provides protection against stresses including desiccation, UV radiation, and pathogen attack. Bulliform cells form in longitudinal strips on the adaxial leaf surface, and have been implicated in the leaf rolling response observed in drought-stressed grass leaves. In this study, we show that bulliform cells of the adult maize leaf epidermis have a specialized cuticle, and we investigate its function along with that of bulliform cells themselves. Bulliform cells displayed increased shrinkage compared to other epidermal cell types during dehydration of the leaf, providing a potential mechanism to facilitate leaf rolling. Analysis of natural variation was used to relate bulliform strip patterning to leaf rolling rate, providing further evidence of a role for bulliform cells in leaf rolling. Bulliform cell cuticles showed a distinct ultrastructure with increased cuticle thickness compared to other leaf epidermal cells. Comparisons of cuticular conductance between adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, and between bulliform-enriched mutants versus wild-type siblings, showed a correlation between elevated water loss rates and presence or increased density of bulliform cells, suggesting that bulliform cuticles are more water-permeable. Biochemical analysis revealed altered cutin composition and increased cutin monomer content in bulliform-enriched tissues. In particular, our findings suggest that an increase in 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid content, and a lower proportion of ferulate, are characteristics of bulliform cuticles. We hypothesize that elevated water permeability of the bulliform cell cuticle contributes to the differential shrinkage of these cells during leaf dehydration, thereby facilitating the function of bulliform cells in stress-induced leaf rolling observed in grasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Matschi
- Section of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Present address:
Department Biochemistry of Plant InteractionsLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 3Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Miguel F. Vasquez
- Section of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Paul Steinbach
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - James Chamness
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Present address:
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN55108USA
| | - Nicholas Kaczmar
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Michael A. Gore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of BiologyAlgoma UniversitySault Ste. MarieONCanada
| | - Laurie G. Smith
- Section of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thiombiano B, Gontier E, Molinié R, Marcelo P, Mesnard F, Dauwe R. An untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based workflow for the structural characterization of plant polyesters. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:1323-1339. [PMID: 31943449 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall localized heterogeneous polyesters are widespread in land plants. The composition of these polyesters, such as cutin, suberin, or more plant-specific forms such as the flax seed coat lignan macromolecule, can be determined after total hydrolysis of the ester linkages. The main bottleneck in the structural characterization of these macromolecules, however, resides in the determination of the higher order monomer sequences. Partial hydrolysates of the polyesters release a complex mixture of fragments of different lengths, each present in low abundance and therefore are challenging to structurally characterize. Here, a method is presented by which liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiles of such partial hydrolysates are searched for pairs of related fragments. LC-MS peaks that show a mass difference corresponding to the addition of one or more macromolecule monomers were connected in a network. Starting from the lowest molecular weight peaks in the network, the annotation of the connections as the addition of one or more polyester monomers allows the prediction of consecutive and increasingly complex adjacent peaks. Multi-stage MS (MSn) experiments further helped to reject, corroborate, and sometimes refine the structures predicted by the network. As a proof of concept, this procedure was applied to partial hydrolysates of the flax seed coat lignan macromolecule, and allowed to characterize 120 distinct oligo-esters, consisting of up to six monomers, and containing monomers and linkages for which incorporation in the lignan macromolecule had not been described before. These results showed the capacity of the approach to advance the structural elucidation of complex plant polyesters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thiombiano
- Unité de Recherche BIOPI, UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Eric Gontier
- Unité de Recherche BIOPI, UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Roland Molinié
- Unité de Recherche BIOPI, UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- Plateforme Ingénierie Cellulaire et Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - François Mesnard
- Unité de Recherche BIOPI, UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Rebecca Dauwe
- Unité de Recherche BIOPI, UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin CY, Eudes A. Strategies for the production of biochemicals in bioenergy crops. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:71. [PMID: 32318116 PMCID: PMC7158082 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial crops are grown to produce goods for manufacturing. Rather than food and feed, they supply raw materials for making biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and specialty chemicals, as well as feedstocks for fabricating fiber, biopolymer, and construction materials. Therefore, such crops offer the potential to reduce our dependency on petrochemicals that currently serve as building blocks for manufacturing the majority of our industrial and consumer products. In this review, we are providing examples of metabolites synthesized in plants that can be used as bio-based platform chemicals for partial replacement of their petroleum-derived counterparts. Plant metabolic engineering approaches aiming at increasing the content of these metabolites in biomass are presented. In particular, we emphasize on recent advances in the manipulation of the shikimate and isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways, both of which being the source of multiple valuable compounds. Implementing and optimizing engineered metabolic pathways for accumulation of coproducts in bioenergy crops may represent a valuable option for enhancing the commercial value of biomass and attaining sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Lin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chateigner-Boutin AL, Lapierre C, Alvarado C, Yoshinaga A, Barron C, Bouchet B, Bakan B, Saulnier L, Devaux MF, Girousse C, Guillon F. Ferulate and lignin cross-links increase in cell walls of wheat grain outer layers during late development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 276:199-207. [PMID: 30348319 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Important biological, nutritional and technological roles are attributed to cell wall polymers from cereal grains. The composition of cell walls in dry wheat grain has been well studied, however less is known about cell wall deposition and modification in the grain outer layers during grain development. In this study, the composition of cell walls in the outer layers of the wheat grain (Triticum aestivum Recital cultivar) was investigated during grain development, with a focus on cell wall phenolics. We discovered that lignification of outer layers begins earlier than previously reported and long before the grain reaches its final size. Cell wall feruloylation increased in development. However, in the late stages, the amount of ferulate releasable by mild alkaline hydrolysis was reduced as well as the yield of lignin-derived thioacidolysis monomers. These reductions indicate that new ferulate-mediated cross-linkages of cell wall polymers appeared as well as new resistant interunit bonds in lignins. The formation of these additional linkages more specifically occurred in the outer pericarp. Our results raised the possibility that stiffening of cell walls occur at late development stages in the outer pericarp and might contribute to the restriction of the grain radial growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France.
| | - Camille Alvarado
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, 44300, Nantes, France.
| | - Arata Yoshinaga
- Laboratory of Tree Cell Biology, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Cécile Barron
- UMR1208 IATE, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Brigitte Bouchet
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, 44300, Nantes, France.
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, 44300, Nantes, France.
| | - Luc Saulnier
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, 44300, Nantes, France.
| | | | - Christine Girousse
- INRA UMR1095 GDEC (Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales), INRA, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR 1095 GDEC (Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales), INRA, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Fabienne Guillon
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, 44300, Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang PP, Liu H, Gao S, Cheng AX. Functional Characterization of a Hydroxyacid/Alcohol Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase Produced by the Liverwort Marchantia emarginata. Molecules 2017; 22:E1854. [PMID: 29088080 PMCID: PMC6150198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerial organs of most terrestrial plants are covered by a hydrophobic protective cuticle. The main constituent of the cuticle is the lipid polyester cutin, which is composed of aliphatic and aromatic domains. The aliphatic component is a polyester between fatty acid/alcohol and hydroxycinnamoyl acid. The BAHD/HxxxD family enzymes are central to the synthesis of these polyesters. The nature of this class of enzymes in bryophytes has not been explored to date. Here, a gene encoding a fatty ω-hydroxyacid/fatty alcohol hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HFT) has been isolated from the liverwort Marchantia emarginata and has been functionally characterized. Experiments based on recombinant protein showed that the enzyme uses ω-hydroxy fatty acids or primary alcohols as its acyl acceptor and various hydroxycinnamoyl-CoAs-preferentially feruloyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA-as acyl donors at least in vitro. The transient expression of a MeHFT-GFP fusion transgene in the Nicotiana benthamiana leaf demonstrated that MeHFT is directed to the cytoplasm, suggesting that the feruloylation of cutin monomers takes place there.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Shuai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Occurrence and Biosynthesis of Alkyl Hydroxycinnamates in Plant Lipid Barriers. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6030025. [PMID: 28665304 PMCID: PMC5620581 DOI: 10.3390/plants6030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The plant lipid barriers cuticle and suberin represent one of the largest biological interfaces on the planet. They are comprised of an insoluble polymeric domain with associated organic solvent-soluble waxes. Suberin-associated and plant cuticular waxes contain mixtures of aliphatic components that may include alkyl hydroxycinnamates (AHCs). The canonical alkyl hydroxycinnamates are comprised of phenylpropanoids, typically coumaric, ferulic, or caffeic acids, esterified with long chain to very long chain fatty alcohols. However, many related structures are also present in the plant kingdom. Although their functions remain elusive, much progress has been made on understanding the distribution, biosynthesis, and deposition of AHCs. Herein a summary of the current state of knowledge on plant AHCs is provided.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang J, Luo W, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Song S, Chong K. Comparative metabolomic analysis reveals a reactive oxygen species-dominated dynamic model underlying chilling environment adaptation and tolerance in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1295-310. [PMID: 27198693 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cold, a major environmental stress for plants, has been studied intensively for decades. Its response system has been revealed, especially at the transcriptional level. The mechanisms underlying recovery growth and environmental adaptation, however, remain unknown. Taking advantage of a naturally existing system, two subspecies of Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) with significant divergence in chilling tolerance, we analyzed representative japonica and indica varieties, Nipponbare and 93-11, using comparative metabolomic analysis at six time points covering chilling treatment and recovery. In total, 223 known metabolites were detected. During chilling treatment, significant biochemical changes were centered on antioxidation. During recovery, a wide-ranging chilling response was observed. Large-scale amino acid accumulation occurred, consistent with the appearance of chilling injury. At the mid-treatment stage, the accumulation of antioxidation-related compounds appeared earlier in Nipponbare than in 93-11, consistent with the higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in japonica vs indica varieties. A significant contribution of ROS-mediated gene regulation, rather than the C-repeat binding factor/dehydration-responsive-element binding factor (CBF/DREB) regulon, to the more vigorous transcriptional stress response in Nipponbare was revealed by RNA-seq. Accordingly, during recovery, the induction of stress-tolerant-related metabolites was more active in the chilling-tolerant variety Nipponbare. Senescence-related compounds accumulated only in the chilling-sensitive variety 93-11. Our study uncovers the dynamic metabolic models underlying chilling response and recovery, and reveals a ROS-dominated rice adaptation mechanism to low-temperature environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shuhui Song
- Big Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Dicer-like, Argonaute and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene families in Populus trichocarpa: gene structure, gene expression, phylogenetic analysis and evolution. J Genet 2016; 94:317-21. [PMID: 26174682 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
21
|
Bontpart T, Cheynier V, Ageorges A, Terrier N. BAHD or SCPL acyltransferase? What a dilemma for acylation in the world of plant phenolic compounds. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:695-707. [PMID: 26053460 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites involved in several plant growth and development processes, including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The biosynthetic pathways leading to the vast diversity of plant phenolic products often include an acylation step, with phenolic compounds being the donor or acceptor molecules. To date, two acyltransferase families using phenolic compounds as acceptor or donor molecules have been described, with each using a different 'energy-rich' acyl donor. BAHD-acyltransferases, named after the first four biochemically characterized enzymes of the group, use acyl-CoA thioesters as donor molecules, whereas SCPL (Serine CarboxyPeptidase Like)-acyltransferases use 1-O-β-glucose esters. Here, common and divergent specifications found in the literature for both enzyme families were analyzed to answer the following questions. Are both acyltransferases involved in the synthesis of the same molecule (or same group of molecules)? Are both acyltransferases recruited in the same plant? How does the subcellular localization of these enzymes impact metabolite trafficking in plant cells?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Bontpart
- INRA, UMR1083 SPO, 2, place, Viala, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Agnès Ageorges
- INRA, UMR1083 SPO, 2, place, Viala, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Nancy Terrier
- INRA, UMR1083 SPO, 2, place, Viala, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Molina I, Kosma D. Role of HXXXD-motif/BAHD acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of extracellular lipids. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:587-601. [PMID: 25510356 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants have evolved specific adaptations to preserve water and protect themselves from their environment. Such adaptations range from secondary metabolites and specialized structures that conduct water and nutrients, to cell wall modifications (i.e., cuticle and suberin) that prevent dehydration and provide a physical barrier to pathogens. Both the plant cuticle and suberized cell walls contain a lipid polymer framework embedded with waxes, and constitute a promising target for controlled genetic modification to improve desirable agronomic traits. Recent advances in genomic and molecular techniques coupled with the development of robust analytical methods have accelerated progress in comprehending these intractable lipid polymers. Gene products characterized in the wax, cutin and suberin pathways include a subset of HXXXD/BAHD family enzymes that catalyze acyl transfer reactions between CoA-activated hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and hydroxylated aliphatics. This review highlights our current understanding of HXXXD/BAHD acyltransferases in extracellular lipid biosynthesis and discusses the chemical, ultrastructural and physiological ramifications of impairing the expression of BAHD acyltransferase-encoding genes related to cutin and suberin synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Essar Convergence Centre, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada,
| | | |
Collapse
|