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Rodrigues NT, Saranholi BH, Inforzato AR, Silveira L, Desbiez ALJ, Galetti PM. Reduced gene flow and bottleneck in the threatened giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus): implications for its conservation. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230252. [PMID: 38446984 PMCID: PMC10917080 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The progressive fragmentation and loss of habitats represent the main threats for endangered species, causing genetic consequences that may have potential implications for a population's long-term persistence. Large mammals are the most affected species among vertebrates. The giant armadillo Priodontes maximus is a large South American mammal threatened species, showing nocturnal, solitary and fossorial behavior, occurring at low population densities, and its population dynamics are still poorly known. In this study, we carried out the first assessment of genetic variability and population genetic structure of the species, using a panel of 15 polymorphic microsatellites developed by high-throughput genome sequencing. The spatial Bayesian clustering, Fst and Dest results indicated the presence of two genetic clusters (K = 2) in the study area. These results suggest a reduction in gene flow between individuals inhabiting the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) and the Pantanal wetlands, with the increased human-driven habitat modifications possibly contributing for this scenario. A bottleneck signal was detected in both populations, and a subpopulation structuring in the Cerrado may also be reflecting consequences of the extensive habitat modifications. Findings from this study provide important and useful information for the future maintenance of genetic diversity and long-term conservation of this flagship species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra T. Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno H. Saranholi
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre R. Inforzato
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaud Leonard Jean Desbiez
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Murrayfield, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Galetti
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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2
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Alsayyed O, Hamadneh T, Al-Tarawneh H, Alqudah M, Gochhait S, Leonova I, Malik OP, Dehghani M. Giant Armadillo Optimization: A New Bio-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:619. [PMID: 38132558 PMCID: PMC10741582 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a new bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Giant Armadillo Optimization (GAO) is introduced, which imitates the natural behavior of giant armadillo in the wild. The fundamental inspiration in the design of GAO is derived from the hunting strategy of giant armadillos in moving towards prey positions and digging termite mounds. The theory of GAO is expressed and mathematically modeled in two phases: (i) exploration based on simulating the movement of giant armadillos towards termite mounds, and (ii) exploitation based on simulating giant armadillos' digging skills in order to prey on and rip open termite mounds. The performance of GAO in handling optimization tasks is evaluated in order to solve the CEC 2017 test suite for problem dimensions equal to 10, 30, 50, and 100. The optimization results show that GAO is able to achieve effective solutions for optimization problems by benefiting from its high abilities in exploration, exploitation, and balancing them during the search process. The quality of the results obtained from GAO is compared with the performance of twelve well-known metaheuristic algorithms. The simulation results show that GAO presents superior performance compared to competitor algorithms by providing better results for most of the benchmark functions. The statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon rank sum test confirms that GAO has a significant statistical superiority over competitor algorithms. The implementation of GAO on the CEC 2011 test suite and four engineering design problems show that the proposed approach has effective performance in dealing with real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alsayyed
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Tareq Hamadneh
- Department of Matematics, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Hassan Al-Tarawneh
- Department of Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Basic Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan;
| | - Saikat Gochhait
- Symbiosis Institute of Digital and Telecom Management, Constituent of Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune 412115, India;
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya str., 443001 Samara, Russia;
| | - Irina Leonova
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya str., 443001 Samara, Russia;
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Lobachevsky University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Om Parkash Malik
- Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Mohammad Dehghani
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 7155713876, Iran
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3
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Cullen JA, Attias N, Desbiez AL, Valle D. Biologging as an important tool to uncover behaviors of cryptic species: an analysis of giant armadillos ( Priodontes maximus). PeerJ 2023; 11:e14726. [PMID: 36691484 PMCID: PMC9864128 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in biologging have increased the understanding of how animals interact with their environment, especially for cryptic species. For example, giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus) are the largest extant species of armadillo but are rarely encountered due to their fossorial and nocturnal behavior. Through the analysis of speed, turning angles, and accelerometer activity counts, we estimated behavioral states, characterized activity budgets, and investigated the state-habitat associations exhibited by individuals monitored with GPS telemetry in the Brazilian Pantanal from 2019 to 2020. This methodology is proposed as a useful framework for the identification of priority habitat. Using the non-parametric Bayesian mixture model for movement (M3), we estimated four latent behavioral states that were named 'vigilance-excavation', 'local search', 'exploratory', and 'transit'. These states appeared to correspond with behavior near burrows or termite mounds, foraging, ranging, and rapid movements, respectively. The first and last hours of activity presented relatively high proportions of the vigilance-excavation state, while most of the activity period was dominated by local search and exploratory states. The vigilance-excavation state occurred more frequently in regions between forest and closed savannas, whereas local search was more likely in high proportions of closed savanna. Exploratory behavior probability increased in areas with high proportions of both forest and closed savanna. Our results establish a baseline for behavioral complexity, activity budgets, and habitat associations in a relatively pristine environment that can be used for future work to investigate anthropogenic impacts on giant armadillo behavior and fitness. The integration of accelerometer and GPS-derived movement data through our mixture model has the potential to become a powerful methodological approach for the conservation of other cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Cullen
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America,School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Nina Attias
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil,Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Arnaud L.J. Desbiez
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil,Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ), Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Valle
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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4
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Magioli M, Attias N, Massocato G, Kluyber D, Moreira MZ, Ferraz KMPMDB, Chiarello AG, Desbiez ALJ. What a few hairs can tell us about the resource use of giant armadillos. Integr Zool 2023; 18:129-142. [PMID: 35278278 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of resource requirements of vulnerable species is key for conservation planning. Here, we used stable carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15 N) of hair from giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus) to understand individual resource use. We collected hair from 19 giant armadillos analyzing 34 samples from the Brazilian Pantanal and compared the resource use between sexes and age classes. We also assessed the relationship of isotopic values with individuals' body mass and the habitat type used. We observed a wide variation in resource use by giant armadillos, showing that individuals consume prey that feeds on distinct resources and occupies different habitat types, indicating that there is individual variation in foraging behavior. Most giant armadillos presented a mixed diet (C3 /C4 resources, forests/open areas), but a quarter of individuals had strictly C4 diets (open areas). Males are more prone to forage on C4 resources, presenting an isotopic niche 2.6-times larger than that of females. Subadults presented diets more associated with habitats with high arboreal cover (C3 resources, forests), while adults foraged more in open areas (C4 resources). This result is mirrored by the positive relationship between δ13 C values and body mass, suggesting that larger giant armadillos tend to feed more in open areas. We observed that δ13 C values decreased as individuals increased the use of habitats with high arboreal cover. We stress the importance of conserving the natural mosaic in the Pantanal landscape for the species persistence, given that giant armadillos require all habitat types to fulfill their dietary, spatial, and developmental needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Magioli
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nina Attias
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Massocato
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Organização Não Governamental, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,Houston Zoo, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danilo Kluyber
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Organização Não Governamental, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens, Naples, Florida, USA
| | - Marcelo Zacharias Moreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros Ferraz
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia, Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre (LEMaC), Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Garcia Chiarello
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnaud L J Desbiez
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Organização Não Governamental, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,RZSS-Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Murrayfield, Edinburgh, UK
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5
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Di Blanco YE, Quiroga VA, Desbiez AL, Insaurralde A, Di Bitetti MS. High dependence on protected areas by the endangered giant armadillo in Argentina. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Density, habitat use and activity patterns of the last giant armadillo population in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Desbiez ALJ, Kluyber D, Massocato GF, Attias N. Methods for the characterization of activity patterns in elusive species: the giant armadillo in the Brazilian Pantanal. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. J. Desbiez
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- IPÊ ‐ Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Nazaré Paulista São Paulo Brasil
- RZSS ‐ Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Murrayfield Edinburgh UK
| | - D. Kluyber
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens Naples FL USA
| | - G. F. Massocato
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- IPÊ ‐ Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Nazaré Paulista São Paulo Brasil
- Houston Zoo Houston TX USA
| | - N. Attias
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul Cidade Universitária Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
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8
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Coutant O, Richard-Hansen C, de Thoisy B, Decotte JB, Valentini A, Dejean T, Vigouroux R, Murienne J, Brosse S. Amazonian mammal monitoring using aquatic environmental DNA. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1875-1888. [PMID: 33787010 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as one of the most efficient methods to assess aquatic species presence. While the method can in theory be used to investigate nonaquatic fauna, its development for inventorying semi-aquatic and terrestrial fauna is still at an early stage. Here we investigated the potential of aquatic eDNA metabarcoding for inventorying mammals in Neotropical environments, be they aquatic, semi-aquatic or terrestrial. We collected aquatic eDNA in 96 sites distributed along three Guianese watersheds and compared our inventories to expected species distributions and field observations derived from line transects located throughout French Guiana. Species occurrences and emblematic mammalian fauna richness patterns were consistent with the expected distribution of fauna and our results revealed that aquatic eDNA metabarcoding brings additional data to line transect samples for diurnal nonaquatic (terrestrial and arboreal) species. Aquatic eDNA also provided data on species not detectable in line transect surveys such as semi-aquatic, aquatic and nocturnal terrestrial and arboreal species. Although the application of eDNA to inventory mammals still needs some developments to optimize sampling efficiency, it can now be used as a complement to traditional surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opale Coutant
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, IRD, UPS, (UMR5174) - Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Tony Dejean
- VIGILIFE, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France.,SPYGEN, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - Régis Vigouroux
- Laboratoire Environnement de Petit Saut, HYDRECO, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Jérôme Murienne
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, IRD, UPS, (UMR5174) - Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Brosse
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, IRD, UPS, (UMR5174) - Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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9
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Marshall SK, Spainhower KB, Sinn BT, Diggins TP, Butcher MT. Hind Limb Bone Proportions Reveal Unexpected Morphofunctional Diversification in Xenarthrans. J MAMM EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-021-09537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Species distribution model reveals only highly fragmented suitable patches remaining for giant armadillo in the Brazilian Cerrado. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Fontes BL, Desbiez ALJ, Massocato GF, Srbek-Araujo AC, Sanaiotti TM, Bergallo HG, Ferreguetti ÁC, Noia CHR, Schettino VR, Valls R, Moreira DDO, Gatti A, Mendonça EDS, Banhos A. The local extinction of one of the greatest terrestrial ecosystem engineers, the giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), in one of its last refuges in the Atlantic Forest, will be felt by a large vertebrate community. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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12
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Size matters: penis size, sexual maturity and their consequences for giant armadillo conservation planning. Mamm Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Di Blanco YE, Desbiez ALJ, di Francescantonio D, Di Bitetti MS. Excavations of giant armadillos alter environmental conditions and provide new resources for a range of animals. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. E. Di Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales UNaM Eldorado Misiones Argentina
| | - A. L. J. Desbiez
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS) Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) Edinburgh UK
| | - D. di Francescantonio
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
| | - M. S. Di Bitetti
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales UNaM Eldorado Misiones Argentina
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14
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Banhos A, Fontes BL, Yogui DR, Alves MH, Ardente NC, Valls R, Barreto LM, Damásio L, Ferreguetti ÁC, Carvalho AS, Schettino VR, Santos ARD, Bergallo HG, Srbek‐Araujo AC, Medici EP, Canena A, Desbiez AL. Highways are a threat for giant armadillos that underpasses can mitigate. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aureo Banhos
- Departamento de Biologia Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoAlto Universitário Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Animal) Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil
| | - Bruno L. Fontes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Animal) Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil
| | - Débora Regina Yogui
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Brazil
- Nashville Zoo Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Mario Henrique Alves
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Brazil
- Houston Zoo Houston Texas USA
| | - Natália Carneiro Ardente
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Renata Valls
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Lucas Mendes Barreto
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo São Mateus Brazil
| | - Lucas Damásio
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Átilla Colombo Ferreguetti
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Roberto Schettino
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural Centro de Ciências Agrárias e EngenhariasUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo Alto Universitário Alegre Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rosa dos Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural Centro de Ciências Agrárias e EngenhariasUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo Alto Universitário Alegre Brazil
| | - Helena Godoy Bergallo
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara GomesUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Srbek‐Araujo
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Biodiversidade Universidade Vila Velha Vila Velha Brazil
- Instituto SerraDiCal de Pesquisa e ConservaçãoRua José Hemetério Andrade Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | - Ariel Canena
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Nazaré Paulista Brazil
| | - Arnaud L.J. Desbiez
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Nazaré Paulista Brazil
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland Edinburgh UK
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15
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Desbiez ALJ, Massocato GF, Kluyber D. Insights into giant armadillo ( Priodontes maximus Kerr, 1792) reproduction. MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents unique data on the reproductive behavior of the rare giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), including gestation, inter-birth intervals, number of offspring and parental care. It also describes a potential non-parental infanticide. The study used telemetry, camera traps and track observations for over 7 years in a 300-km2 area in the central Brazilian Pantanal. Females with young were recorded 5 times. Reproductive events did not appear to be seasonal. A 5-month gestation period was estimated. Parental care is long, as the offspring is completely dependent on its mother’s milk until 6–8 months of age. Weaning was estimated to occur at 11–12 months, but the offspring continued to be dependent on its mother’s burrows until 18 months old. Three births were recorded over a 6-year period for one individual. The offspring from the first birth recorded was killed at 4 weeks of age in a potential infanticide, but 7 months after the first birth, a second offspring was born. A third birth was recorded 3 years after the second birth. Results from this study suggest that the population growth rate of giant armadillos is very low and the species can therefore easily be locally extirpated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Leonard Jean Desbiez
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS) , Rua Licuala 622, 79046150 , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ) , Rodovia Dom Pedro I, km 47, 12960-000, Nazaré Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) , Murrayfield, Edinburgh , EH12 6TS , UK
| | - Gabriel Favero Massocato
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS) , Rua Licuala 622, 79046150 , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ) , Rodovia Dom Pedro I, km 47, 12960-000, Nazaré Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil
- Houston Zoo , 6200 Hermann Park Drive , Houston , TX 77030 , USA
| | - Danilo Kluyber
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS) , Rua Licuala 622, 79046150 , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil
- Naples Zoo and Caribbean Gardens , 1590 Goodlette-Frank Rd , Naples , FL 34102 , USA
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16
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Rodrigues TF, Mantellatto AMB, Superina M, Chiarello AG. Ecosystem services provided by armadillos. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1-21. [PMID: 31448491 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Awareness of the natural ecological processes provided by organisms that benefit human well-being has significantly progressed towards the goal of making conservation a mainstream value. Identifying different services and the species that provide them is a vital first step for the management and maintenance of these so-called ecosystem services. Herein, we specifically address the armadillos, which play key functional roles in terrestrial ecosystems, including as ecosystem engineers, predators, and vectors of invertebrates and nutrients, although these roles have often been overlooked. Armadillos can control pests, disperse seeds, and be effective sentinels of potential disease outbreaks or bioindicators of environmental contaminants. They also supply important material (meat, medicines) and non-material (learning, inspiration) contributions all over the Americas. We identify key gaps in the understanding of ecosystem services provided by armadillos and areas for future research required to clarify their functional role in terrestrial ecosystems and the services they supply. Such information will produce powerful arguments for armadillo conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F Rodrigues
- Applied Ecology Program, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline M B Mantellatto
- Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Porto Seguro, 45810-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Mariella Superina
- Laboratorio de Medicina y Endocrinología de la Fauna Silvestre, IMBECU - CCT CONICET Mendoza, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
| | - Adriano G Chiarello
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil
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17
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Desbiez ALJ, Kluyber D, Massocato GF, Oliveira-Santos LGR, Attias N. Spatial ecology of the giant armadillo Priodontes maximus in Midwestern Brazil. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) is the largest living armadillo. This naturally rare and poorly known species is endemic to South America and classified as “Vulnerable” by the IUCN. Here we explored aspects of the spatial ecology of P. maximus in Midwestern Brazil to gain insights on its ecology and biology to support conservation efforts. In 8 years, we identified 50 individuals of P. maximus and monitored 23 of them using telemetry methods. To characterize site fidelity and home range, we fitted individual continuous-time movement models and estimated Autocorrelated Kernel Density Estimates. We built a Structural Equation Model to evaluate how home-range area and daily displacement are related to each other, to sampling effort, and to individual characteristics. We estimated home-range overlap between pairs of different sexes using a bias-corrected Bhattacharyya coefficient. Finally, we formulated a canonical density estimation formula to characterize minimum population density. We gathered a total of 12,168 locations of P. maximus. The best-fitted movement models indicated site fidelity for all individuals and a median adult home-range area of 2,518 ha. Median adult daily displacement was 1,651 m. Home-range area scales positively with daily displacement and daily displacement scales positively with body mass. Median home-range overlap between pairs was low (4%) and adult females presented exclusive home ranges among themselves. Median minimum density was 7.65 individuals per 100 km2 (CI = 5.68–10.19 ind/100 km2). Our results are congruent with characterizing P. maximus as a generally asocial species, most likely promiscuous/polygynous, that establishes large, long-term home ranges, which grants the population a naturally low density. Spatial patterns and biological characteristics obtained in this study can be used to guide future conservation strategies for P. maximus in the Pantanal wetlands and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L J Desbiez
- ICAS - Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres, Rua Afonso Lino Barbosa, Chácara Cachoeira, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
- IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Rodovia Dom Pedro I, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil
- RZSS - Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Murrayfield, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D Kluyber
- ICAS - Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres, Rua Afonso Lino Barbosa, Chácara Cachoeira, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
- Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens, Naples, FL, USA
| | - G F Massocato
- ICAS - Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres, Rua Afonso Lino Barbosa, Chácara Cachoeira, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
- IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Rodovia Dom Pedro I, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil
- Houston Zoo, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L G R Oliveira-Santos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - N Attias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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18
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Pratas-Santiago LP, Sousa Gonçalves AL, Meirelles F, Spironello WR. Coming out from their burrows: first photographic records of Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792) (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae) in a forest remnant on the outskirts of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. MAMMALIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2018-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) has a wide, and sometimes unknown, distribution across the South American continent. Giant armadillos are found in several types of well-preserved habitat. In the Amazon, the presence of P. maximus was fully confirmed through direct evidence only in a handful of occasions and it remains a poorly known species with considerable gaps and uncertainty concerning its distribution. This sensitive species is highly vulnerable to hunting. Data on P. maximus are usually obtained through indirect observations. Using camera-traps, we bring to sight the first direct observations of this species near Manaus (Brazil). Its presence points out the ecological relevance of the forests in this location and fills a gap where its distribution was still uncertain. More information on the movement patterns, habitat use and population density of this species is therefore needed to carry out appropriate conservation measures in these areas.
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Aya-Cuero C, Trujillo F, Mosquera-Guerra F, Chacón-Pacheco J, Caicedo D, Franco-León N, Superina M. Distribution of armadillos in Colombia, with an analysis of ecoregions and protected areas inhabited. MAMMAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-019-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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How giant are giant armadillos? The morphometry of giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus Kerr, 1792) in the Pantanal of Brazil. Mamm Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Voss RS, Fleck DW. Mammalian Diversity and Matses Ethnomammalogy in Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Sirenia. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2017. [DOI: 10.1206/00030090-417.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Voss
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History
| | - David W. Fleck
- Division of Anthropology American Museum of Natural History
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22
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Aya-Cuero C, Rodríguez-Bolaños A, Superina M. Population density, activity patterns, and ecological importance of giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus) in Colombia. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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