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Bader CA, Simpson PV, Dallerba E, Stagni S, Johnson IRD, Hickey SM, Sorvina A, Hackett M, Sobolev AN, Brooks DA, Massi M, Plush SE. Synthesis and cellular uptake of neutral rhenium(I) morpholine complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3407-3413. [PMID: 38269470 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Morpholine motifs have been used extensively as targeting moieties for lysosomes, primarily in fluorescence imaging agents. Traditionally these imaging agents are based on organic molecules which have several shortcomings including small Stokes shifts, short emission lifetimes, and susceptibility to photobleaching. To explore alternative lysosome targeting imaging agents we have used a rhenium based phosphorescent platform which has been previously demonstrated to have an improved Stokes shift, a long lifetime emission, and is highly photostable. Rhenium complexes containing morpholine substituted ligands were designed to accumulate in acidic compartments. Two of the three complexes prepared exhibited bright emission in cells, when incubated at low concentrations (20 μM) and were non-toxic at concentrations as high as 100 μM, making them suitable for live cell imaging. We show that the rhenium complexes are amenable to chemical modification and that the morpholine targeted derivatives can be used for live cell confocal fluorescence imaging of endosomes-lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A Bader
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Peter V Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Elena Dallerba
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Mark Hackett
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Alexandre N Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Sally E Plush
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Mansuri S, Mukherjee T, Kanvah S. Fluorescent sterol probes for intracellular transport, imaging, and therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102222. [PMID: 36219959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sterols play a significant role in many physiological processes affecting membrane organization, transport, permeability, and signal transduction. The development of fluorescent sterol analogs that have immediate functional relevance to the natural biomolecules is one approach to understanding the sterol-driven physiological processes. Visualizing cellular compartments with tailor-made fluorescent molecules through specific labeling methods enables organelle targeting and reveals dynamic information. In this review, we focus on the recent literature published between 2020 and 2022, with particular emphasis on extrinsic fluorophores and their investigations of sterol-driven biological processes involving sterol transport, biomolecular interactions, and biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mansuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| | - Tarushyam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India.
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