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Yoshioka A, Nakaoka H, Fukumoto T, Inoue I, Nishigori C, Kunisada M. The landscape of genetic alterations of UVB-induced skin tumors in DNA repair-deficient mice. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1607-1617. [PMID: 35751582 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is mainly caused by ultraviolet (UV)-induced somatic mutations and is characterized by UV signature modifications. Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (Xpa) knockout mice exhibit extreme UV-induced photo-skin carcinogenesis, along with a photosensitive phenotype. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples after repetitive ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure to investigate the differences in the landscape of somatic mutations between Xpa knockout and wild-type mice. Although the tumors that developed in mice harbored UV signature mutations in a similar set of cancer-related genes, the pattern of transcriptional strand asymmetry was largely different; UV signature mutations in Xpa knockout and wild-type mice preferentially occurred in transcribed and non-transcribed strands, respectively, reflecting a deficiency in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair in Xpa knockout mice. Serial time point analyses of WES for a tumor induced by only a single UVB exposure showed pathogenic mutations in Kras, Fat1, and Kmt2c, which may be driver genes for the initiation and promotion of SCC in Xpa knockout mice. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects on tumor production in Xpa knockout mice by the anti-inflammatory CXCL1 monoclonal antibody affected the pattern of somatic mutations, wherein the transcriptional strand asymmetry was attenuated and the activated signal transduction was shifted from the RAS/RAF/MAPK to the PIK3CA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Yoshioka
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Department of Cancer Genome Research, Sasaki Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Human Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Human Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Research on Intractable Dermatological Disease, Department of iPS cell Applications, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Kunisada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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2
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Ikehata H, Yamamoto M. Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Produced with Narrowband UVB Are on Average More Mutagenic than Those with Broadband UVB in Mouse Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:916-924. [PMID: 34843117 DOI: 10.1111/php.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) has replaced broadband UVB (BB-UVB) because of its greater effectiveness in dermatological phototherapy, it is twice as carcinogenic as BB-UVB at an equivalent inflammatory dose. To clarify the basis of the different genotoxicities, we comparatively evaluated the mutagenicities in mouse skin of the two UVB types along with their efficiencies in the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which is a major mutagenic DNA photolesion specifically produced by UVR. We found that the mutagenicity averaged per single molecule of CPD was 2.5- and 1.8-fold higher in NB-UVB-exposed epidermis and dermis, respectively, which indicates that NB-UVB is more mutagenic for the skin than BB-UVB at doses producing an equimolar amount of CPD. Analysis of effective wavelengths for UV photolesion formation with each UVB source revealed a remarkable difference in the peak effective wavelengths for CPD formation: 15 nm longer for NB-UVB in the epidermis. Although the analysis of mutation profiles showed largely similar UV-specific signatures between the two UVB types, a relatively stronger preference for UVA-specific mutations was observed for NB-UVB. These results suggest that the difference in the effective wavelengths for CPD formation leads to the different mutagenicities and carcinogenicities between the UVB sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Ikehata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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3
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Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Narrowband UVB to Mammalian Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060646. [PMID: 32545288 PMCID: PMC7349664 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototherapy using narrowband ultraviolet-B (NB-UVB) has been shown to be more effective than conventional broadband UVB (BB-UVB) in treating a variety of skin diseases. To assess the difference in carcinogenic potential between NB-UVB and BB-UVB, we investigated the cytotoxicity via colony formation assay, genotoxicity via sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay, mutagenicity via hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) mutation assay, as well as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and their NER mutant cells. The radiation dose required to reduce survival to 10% (D10 value) demonstrated BB-UVB was 10 times more cytotoxic than NB-UVB, and revealed that NB-UVB also induces DNA damage repaired by nucleotide excision repair. We also found that BB-UVB more efficiently induced SCEs and HPRT mutations per absorbed energy dosage (J/m2) than NB-UVB. However, SCE and HPRT mutation frequencies were observed to rise in noncytotoxic dosages of NB-UVB exposure. BB-UVB and NB-UVB both produced a significant increase in CPD formation and ROS formation (p < 0.05); however, higher dosages were required for NB-UVB. These results suggest that NB-UVB is less cytotoxic and genotoxic than BB-UVB, but can still produce genotoxic effects even at noncytotoxic doses.
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4
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Lin TL, Wu CY, Chang YT, Juan CK, Chen CC, Yu SH, Chen YJ. Risk of skin cancer in psoriasis patients receiving long-term narrowband ultraviolet phototherapy: Results from a Taiwanese population-based cohort study. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 35:164-171. [PMID: 30536640 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is a widely used treatment for various dermatoses. The risk of skin cancer following long-term NB-UVB phototherapy has rarely been explored in skin phototypes III-V. METHODS We conducted a nationwide-matched cohort study and identified a total of 22 891 psoriasis patients starting NB-UVB phototherapy from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database during the period 2000-2013. Cumulative incidences of skin cancers were compared between subjects receiving less than 90 UVB treatments (S-cohort, N = 13 260) and age- as well as propensity score-matched subjects receiving more than or equal to 90 UVB treatments (L-cohort, N = 3315). RESULTS There were no significant differences in the overall cumulative incidences of skin cancers between the two cohorts (log-rank t test, P = 0.691) during the follow-up periods. The S-cohort had a significantly lower prevalence of actinic keratosis when compared with the L-cohort (0.54% vs 1.00%, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Long-term NB-UVB phototherapy does not increase skin cancer risk compared with short-term NB-UVB phototherapy in psoriasis patients with skin phototypes III-V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Li Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Translational Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Chang
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Keui Juan
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chiang Chen
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Hang Yu
- Division of Translational Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Kunisada M, Hosaka C, Takemori C, Nakano E, Nishigori C. CXCL1 Inhibition Regulates UVB-Induced Skin Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in Xpa-Deficient Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1975-1983. [PMID: 28528167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A is a hereditary disease characterized by early onset of skin cancers and freckle-like pigmented maculae in sun-exposed sites. Although the etiology of the predisposition to UVR-induced skin tumors in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A is well investigated as a repair deficiency in UVR-induced DNA damage, the mechanism of exaggerated sunburn in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A and whether UVR-induced inflammation relates to a skin tumor-prone phenotype remains to be elucidated. Using gene profiling of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A model mice, Xpa-deficient mice, we found that expression of CXCL1 in the skin and blood of Xpa-deficient mice increased significantly after UVB exposure over even a limited area compared with that of wild-type mice. We administered CXCL1 neutralizing antibody or the antioxidant agent, N-acetylcysteine, to Xpa-deficient mice after UVB irradiation and found significant suppression of blood levels of CXCL1, ear swelling and erythema, the hallmarks of inflammation and neutrophil chemotaxis. Xpa-deficient mice treated with chronic UVB exposure plus administration of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody or N-acetylcysteine yielded many fewer skin tumors compared with the control group. This indicates that the UVB-induced strong inflammatory response of Xpa-deficient mice plays a role in skin tumor development, which could be suppressed by regulating chemokines such as CXCL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kunisada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chieko Hosaka
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takemori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakano
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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Li L, Liu Y, Xue Y, Zhu J, Wang X, Dong Y. Preparation of a ferulic acid-phospholipid complex to improve solubility, dissolution, and B16F10 cellular melanogenesis inhibition activity. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:26. [PMID: 29086815 PMCID: PMC5362564 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to enhance the solubility, dissolution properties, and skin-whitening ability of ferulic acid (FA) by preparing a ferulic acid-phospholipid complex (FA-PC). The properties and melanogenesis inhibition activities of FA-PC were then elucidated. METHODS We characterized the complex via differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, solubility, and oil-water partition coefficient. A Strat-M® membrane, a synthetic membrane possessing diffusion characteristics that are well-correlated with human skin, was used for the diffusion studies of FA-PC. RESULTS We found that the lipophilicity of FA improved when complexed with phospholipids, allowing FA-PC to release FA in a controlled pattern. In the same time, complexing with phospholipids also obviously enhanced inhibition of B16F10 cellular melanogenesis. CONCLUSIONS FA-PC is a promising material for medicinal and cosmetic usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidianqufuchenglu 11hao dongqu8haolou 214shi, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidianqufuchenglu 11hao dongqu8haolou 214shi, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidianqufuchenglu 11hao dongqu8haolou 214shi, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidianqufuchenglu 11hao dongqu8haolou 214shi, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidianqufuchenglu 11hao dongqu8haolou 214shi, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinmao Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidianqufuchenglu 11hao dongqu8haolou 214shi, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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7
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New insights into the ameliorative effects of ferulic acid in pathophysiological conditions. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:41-55. [PMID: 28237775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid, a natural phytochemical has gained importance as a potential therapeutic agent by virtue of its easy commercial availability, low cost and minimal side-effects. It is a derivative of curcumin and possesses the necessary pharmacokinetic properties to be retained in the general circulation for several hours. The therapeutic effects of ferulic acid are mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It exhibits different biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective actions, etc. The current review addresses its therapeutic effects under different pathophysiological conditions (eg. cancer, cardiomyopathy, skin disorders, brain disorders, viral infections, diabetes etc.).
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8
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Calapre L, Gray ES, Kurdykowski S, David A, Hart P, Descargues P, Ziman M. Heat-mediated reduction of apoptosis in UVB-damaged keratinocytes in vitro and in human skin ex vivo. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2016; 16:6. [PMID: 27230291 PMCID: PMC4882820 DOI: 10.1186/s12895-016-0043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background UV radiation induces significant DNA damage in keratinocytes and is a known risk factor for skin carcinogenesis. However, it has been reported previously that repeated and simultaneous exposure to UV and heat stress increases the rate of cutaneous tumour formation in mice. Since constant exposure to high temperatures and UV are often experienced in the environment, the effects of exposure to UV and heat needs to be clearly addressed in human epidermal cells. Methods In this study, we determined the effects of repeated UVB exposure 1 kJ/m2 followed by heat (39 °C) to human keratinocytes. Normal human ex vivo skin models and primary keratinocytes (NHEK) were exposed once a day to UVB and/or heat stress for four consecutive days. Cells were then assessed for changes in proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression at 2 days post-exposure, to determine the cumulative and persistent effects of UV and/or heat in skin keratinocytes. Results Using ex vivo skin models and primary keratinocytes in vitro, we showed that UVB plus heat treated keratinocytes exhibit persistent DNA damage, as observed with UVB alone. However, we found that apoptosis was significantly reduced in UVB plus heat treated samples. Immunohistochemical and whole genome transcription analysis showed that multiple UVB plus heat exposures induced inactivation of the p53-mediated stress response. Furthermore, we demonstrated that repeated exposure to UV plus heat induced SIRT1 expression and a decrease in acetylated p53 in keratinocytes, which is consistent with the significant downregulation of p53-regulated pro-apoptotic and DNA damage repair genes in these cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that UVB-induced p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are reduced in the presence of heat stress, leading to increased survival of DNA damaged cells. Thus, exposure to UVB and heat stress may act synergistically to allow survival of damaged cells, which could have implications for initiation skin carcinogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12895-016-0043-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Calapre
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | | | - Anthony David
- GENOSKIN Centre Pierre Potier, Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Prue Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Perth, 6008, Australia
| | | | - Mel Ziman
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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9
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Fernando PMDJ, Piao MJ, Hewage SRKM, Kang HK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Ko MH, Ko CS, Byeon SH, Mun SR, Lee NH, Hyun JW. Photo-protective effect of sargachromenol against UVB radiation-induced damage through modulating cellular antioxidant systems and apoptosis in human keratinocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 43:112-119. [PMID: 26991844 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the photo-preventive effects of sargachromenol (SC) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes via assessing the antioxidant properties and underlying molecular mechanisms. SC exhibited a significant scavenging effect on UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). SC attenuated UVB-induced oxidative macromolecular damage, including the protein carbonyl content, DNA strand break, and 8-isoprostane level. Furthermore, SC decreased UVB-induced Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, but increased that of Bcl-2, which are well-known key mediators of apoptosis. Moreover, SC increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and heme oxygenase-1 protein expression. Pre-treatment with SC upregulated the main transcription factor of antioxidant enzymes, erythroid 2-related factor 2 level, which was reduced by UVB irradiation. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) are involved in the regulation of many cellular events, including apoptosis. SC treatment reversed ERK and JNK activation induced by UVB. Collectively, these data indicate that SC can provide remarkable cytoprotection against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by modulating cellular antioxidant systems, and suggest the potential of developing a medical agent for ROS-induced skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Ko
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sik Ko
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Byeon
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ri Mun
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Gunaseelan S, Balupillai A, Govindasamy K, Muthusamy G, Ramasamy K, Shanmugam M, Prasad NR. The preventive effect of linalool on acute and chronic UVB-mediated skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:851-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00075d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute UVB-exposure induces erythema and edema. Repeated UVB-exposure causes chronic inflammation and mutated p53 expression which leads to carcinogenesis. Linalool through its (i) sunscreen effect, (ii) modulation of NF-κB signaling and (iii) apoptotic signaling prevents photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srithar Gunaseelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- Annamalainagar-608 002
- India
| | - Agilan Balupillai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- Annamalainagar-608 002
- India
| | - Kanimozhi Govindasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- Annamalainagar-608 002
- India
| | - Ganesan Muthusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- Annamalainagar-608 002
- India
| | - Karthikeyan Ramasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- Annamalainagar-608 002
- India
| | - Mohana Shanmugam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- Annamalainagar-608 002
- India
| | - N. Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- Annamalainagar-608 002
- India
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11
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Min W, Ahmad I, Chang ME, Burns EM, Qian Q, Yusuf N. Baicalin Protects Keratinocytes from Toll-like Receptor-4 Mediated DNA Damage and Inflammation Following Ultraviolet Irradiation. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1435-43. [PMID: 26256790 DOI: 10.1111/php.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UVB radiation contributes to both direct and indirect damage to the skin including the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory responses, immunosuppression and gene mutations, which can ultimately lead to photocarcinogenesis. A plant-derived flavonoid, baicalin, has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that in murine skin, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) enhanced both UVB-induced DNA damage and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of baicalin against TLR4-mediated processes in the murine keratinocyte PAM 212 cell line. Our results demonstrate that treating keratinocytes with baicalin both before and after UV radiation (100 mJ cm(-2) ) significantly inhibited the level of intracellular ROS and decreased cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG)-markers of DNA damage. Furthermore, cells treated with baicalin demonstrated an inhibition of TLR4 and its downstream signaling molecules, MyD88, TRIF, TRAF6 and IRAK4. TLR4 pathway inhibition resulted in NF-κB inactivation and down-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Taken together, baicalin treatment effectively protected keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammatory damage through TLR pathway modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Min
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michelle E Chang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Erin M Burns
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Qihong Qian
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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12
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Loss of protein phosphatase 6 in mouse keratinocytes increases susceptibility to ultraviolet-B-induced carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2015; 365:223-8. [PMID: 26054846 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that deficiency in the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 6 (Ppp6c) predisposes mouse skin tissue to papilloma formation initiated by DMBA. Here, we demonstrate that Ppp6c loss acts as a tumor promoter in UVB-induced squamous cell carcinogenesis. Following UVB irradiation, mice with Ppp6c-deficient keratinocytes showed a higher incidence of skin squamous cell carcinoma than did control mice. Time course experiments showed that following UVB irradiation, Ppp6c-deficient keratinocytes upregulated expression of p53, PUMA, BAX, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. UVB-induced tumors in Ppp6c-deficient keratinocytes exhibited a high frequency of both p53- and γH2AX-positive cells, suggestive of DNA damage. Epidemiological and molecular data strongly suggest that UVB from sunlight induces p53 gene mutations in keratinocytes and is the primary causative agent of human skin cancers. Our analysis suggests that PP6 deficiency underlies molecular events that drive outgrowth of initiated keratinocytes harboring UVB-induced mutated p53. Understanding PP6 function in preventing UV-induced tumorigenesis could suggest strategies to prevent and treat this condition.
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13
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Ambothi K, Prasad NR, Balupillai A. Ferulic acid inhibits UVB-radiation induced photocarcinogenesis through modulating inflammatory and apoptotic signaling in Swiss albino mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 82:72-8. [PMID: 25983265 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the photochemopreventive effects of ferulic acid (FA) against chronic ultraviolet-B (290-320 nm) induced oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis in the skin of Swiss albino mice. Chronic UVB exposure (180 mJ/cm(2) for 30 weeks; thrice in a week) induced tumor formation in the mice skin that showed increased expression of carcinogenic and inflammatory markers when compared with the control animals. The intraperitoneal (FAIP) and topical (FAT) administration of FA significantly reduced the incidence of UVB-induced tumor volume and tumor weight in the mice skin. Histopathological studies revealed that both FAIP and FAT administration prevented the UVB-induced hyperplasia, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and dysplastic feature in the mice skin. Further, it has been observed that FA treatment reverted chronic UVB-induced oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) accompanied with modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α and IL-6 in the mice skin tumor. FA treatment also modulates mutated p53, Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in the UVB-induced mice skin tumor. Thus, the results of the present study indicate ferulic acid has potential against UVB-induced carcinogenesis in the Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagalakshmi Ambothi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, India
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, India.
| | - Agilan Balupillai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, India
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14
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Abstract
Schematic pathway of UV induced inflammation and the formation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Nishisgori
- Division of Dermatology
- Department of Internal Related
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
- Japan
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15
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Cadet J, Douki T, Ravanat JL. Oxidatively generated damage to cellular DNA by UVB and UVA radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 91:140-55. [PMID: 25327445 DOI: 10.1111/php.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article focuses on a critical survey of the main available information on the UVB and UVA oxidative reactions to cellular DNA as the result of direct interactions of UV photons, photosensitized pathways and biochemical responses including inflammation and bystander effects. UVA radiation appears to be much more efficient than UVB in inducing oxidatively generated damage to the bases and 2-deoxyribose moieties of DNA in isolated cells and skin. The UVA-induced generation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine is mostly rationalized in terms of selective guanine oxidation by singlet oxygen generated through type II photosensitization mechanism. In addition, hydroxyl radical whose formation may be accounted for by metal-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reactions subsequent to the initial generation of superoxide anion radical contributes in a minor way to the DNA degradation. This leads to the formation of both oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases together with DNA single-strand breaks at the exclusion, however, of direct double-strand breaks. No evidence has been provided so far for the implication of delayed oxidative degradation pathways of cellular DNA. In that respect putative characteristic UVA-induced DNA damage could include single and more complex lesions arising from one-electron oxidation of the guanine base together with aldehyde adducts to amino-substituted nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- University Grenoble Alpes, INAC, Grenoble, France; CEA, INAC, Grenoble, France; Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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16
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Nakabeppu Y. Cellular levels of 8-oxoguanine in either DNA or the nucleotide pool play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis and survival of cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12543-57. [PMID: 25029543 PMCID: PMC4139859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
8-Oxoguanine, a major oxidized base lesion formed by reactive oxygen species, causes G to T transversion mutations or leads to cell death in mammals if it accumulates in DNA. 8-Oxoguanine can originate as 8-oxo-dGTP, formed in the nucleotide pool, or by direct oxidation of the DNA guanine base. MTH1, also known as NUDT1, with 8-oxo-dGTP hydrolyzing activity, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) an 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase, and MutY homolog (MUTYH) with adenine DNA glycosylase activity, minimize the accumulation of 8-oxoG in DNA; deficiencies in these enzymes increase spontaneous and induced tumorigenesis susceptibility. However, different tissue types have different tumorigenesis susceptibilities. These can be reversed by combined deficiencies in the defense systems, because cell death induced by accumulation of 8-oxoG in DNA is dependent on MUTYH, which can be suppressed by MTH1 and OGG1. In cancer cells encountering high oxidative stress levels, a high level of 8-oxo-dGTP accumulates in the nucleotide pool, and cells therefore express increased levels of MTH1 in order to eliminate 8-oxo-dGTP. Suppression of MTH1 may be an efficient strategy for killing cancer cells; however, because MTH1 and OGG1 protect normal tissues from oxidative-stress-induced cell death, it is important that MTH1 inhibition does not increase the risk of healthy tissue degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, and Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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17
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Tongkao-on W, Gordon-Thomson C, Dixon KM, Song EJ, Luu T, Carter SE, Sequeira VB, Reeve VE, Mason RS. Novel vitamin D compounds and skin cancer prevention. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 5:20-33. [PMID: 24494039 PMCID: PMC3897591 DOI: 10.4161/derm.23939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As skin cancer is one of the most costly health issues in many countries, particularly in Australia, the possibility that vitamin D compounds might contribute to prevention of this disease is becoming increasingly more attractive to researchers and health communities. In this article, important epidemiologic, mechanistic and experimental data supporting the chemopreventive potential of several vitamin D-related compounds are explored. Evidence of photoprotection by the active hormone, 1α,25dihydroxyvitamin D3, as well as a derivative of an over-irradiation product, lumisterol, a fluorinated analog and bufalin, a potential vitamin D-like compound, are provided. The aim of this article is to understand how vitamin D compounds contribute to UV adaptation and potentially, skin cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannit Tongkao-on
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Clare Gordon-Thomson
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Katie M. Dixon
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Eric J. Song
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Tan Luu
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Sally E. Carter
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Vanessa B. Sequeira
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
- Oncology Research Unit; School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Kensington, NSW Australia
| | - Vivienne E. Reeve
- Department of Faculty of Veterinary Science; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Rebecca S. Mason
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
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