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Urbanowicz K, Opielka M, Stegmann KM, Dickmanns A, Dobbelstein M, Peters GJ, Smoleński RT. Evaluation of N4-hydroxycytidine incorporation into nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cells by direct measurement with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38741480 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2346550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Molnupiravir, an orally administered prodrug of β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), is incorporated into newly synthesized RNA by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). It is used for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Incorporation of NHC triphosphate into viral RNA inhibits replication of the virus, at least in part by introducing deleterious mutations. However, there is limited information on NHC incorporation into host RNA and reports on the risk of mutagenicity that molnupiravir/NHC pose to the host are conflicting. We used two liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods to evaluate the incorporation of NHC into RNA and DNA of host Vero E6 cells in a SARS-CoV-2 infection model. To test this, host and viral RNA were degraded to their ribonucleosides, while host DNA was degraded to deoxyribonucleosides. Subsequently, nucleic acid constituents were analyzed by LC-MS, which offers specific, direct, and quantitative determination of incorporation. Our findings revealed concentration dependent NHC incorporation into host cell RNA in both infected and uninfected cell cultures, reaching a maximum of 1 in 7,093 bases. Analysis of host DNA revealed no presence of deoxy-N4-hydroxycytidine down to a detection limit of 1 in 133,000 bases. Our findings therefore suggest minimal to no NHC incorporation into host DNA, indicating a low probability of significant host cell mutagenicity associated with its use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikolaj Opielka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kim M Stegmann
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antje Dickmanns
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Dobbelstein
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Unversteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Wang ZH, Li J, Liu Q, Qian JC, Li QQ, Wang QY, Zeng LT, Li SJ, Gao X, Pan JX, Gao XF, Wu K, Hu GX, Iwakuma T, Cai JP. A modified nucleoside O6-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity in a caspase-independent manner. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:106990. [PMID: 37984506 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), the frontline chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma (GBM), has emerged as a formidable obstacle, underscoring the imperative to identify alternative therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated a novel agent, O6-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate (O6-methyl-dGTP) for its anti-GBM activity both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, O6-methyl-dGTP exhibited pronounced cytotoxicity against GBM cells, including those resistant to TMZ and overexpressing O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Mechanistic investigations revealed that O6-methyl-dGTP could be incorporated into genomic DNA, disrupting nucleotide pools balance, and inducing replication stress, resulting in S-phase arrest and DNA damage. The compound exerted its anti-tumor properties through the activation of AIF-mediated apoptosis and the parthanatos pathway. In vivo studies using U251 and Ln229 cell xenografts supported the robust tumor-inhibitory capacity of O6-methyl-dGTP. In an orthotopic transplantation model with U87MG cells, O6-methyl-dGTP showcased marginally superior tumor-suppressive activity compared to TMZ. In summary, our research, for the first time, underscores the potential of O6-methyl-dGTP as an effective candidate against GBM, laying a robust scientific groundwork for its potential clinical adoption in GBM treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Qian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Chang Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Lv-Tao Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Si-Jia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jia-Xin Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xu-Fan Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Wu Xi AppTec (Tianjin) Co., Ltd, China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Li S, Edwards G, Radebaugh CA, Luger K, A Stargell L. Spn1 and its dynamic interactions with Spt6, histones and nucleosomes. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167630. [PMID: 35595162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Histone chaperones facilitate the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes and regulate DNA accessibility for critical cellular processes. Spn1 is an essential, highly conserved histone chaperone that functions in transcription initiation and elongation in a chromatin context. Here we demonstrate that Spn1 binds H3-H4 with low nanomolar affinity, residues 85-99 within the acidic N-terminal region of Spn1 are required for H3-H4 binding, and Spn1 binding to H3-H4 dimers does not impede (H3-H4)2 tetramer formation. Previous work has shown the central region of Spn1 (residues 141-305) is important for interaction with Spt6, another conserved and essential histone chaperone. We show that the C-terminal region of Spn1 also contributes to Spt6 binding and is critical for Spn1 binding to nucleosomes. We also show Spt6 preferentially binds H3-H4 tetramers and Spt6 competes with nucleosomes for Spn1 binding. Combined with previous results, this indicates the Spn1-Spt6 complex does not bind nucleosomes. In contrast to nucleosome binding, we found that the Spn1-Spt6 complex can bind H3-H4 dimers and tetramers and H2A-H2B to form ternary complexes. These important results provide new information about the functions of Spn1, Spt6, and the Spn1-Spt6 complex, two essential and highly conserved histone chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1870, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Garrett Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Catherine A Radebaugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1870, USA
| | - Karolin Luger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Laurie A Stargell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1870, USA
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Mukherjee M, Rahaman M, Ray SK, Shukla PC, Dolai TK, Chakravorty N. Revisiting fetal hemoglobin inducers in beta-hemoglobinopathies: a review of natural products, conventional and combinatorial therapies. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:2359-2373. [PMID: 34822068 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Beta-hemoglobinopathies exhibit a heterogeneous clinical picture with varying degrees of clinical severity. Pertaining to the limited treatment options available, where blood transfusion still remains the commonest mode of treatment, pharmacological induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has been a lucrative therapeutic intervention. Till now more than 70 different HbF inducers have been identified. The practical usage of many pharmacological drugs has been limited due to safety concerns. Natural compounds, like Resveratrol, Ripamycin and Bergaptene, with limited cytotoxicity and high efficacy have started capturing the attention of researchers. In this review, we have summarized pharmacological drugs and bioactive compounds isolated from natural sources that have been shown to increase HbF significantly. It primarily discusses recently identified synthetic and natural compounds, their mechanism of action, and their suitable screening platforms, including high throughput drug screening technology and biosensors. It also delves into the topic of combinatorial therapy and drug repurposing for HbF induction. Overall, we aim to provide insights into where we stand in HbF induction strategies for treating β-hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandrita Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Paschim Medinipur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Motiur Rahaman
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Paschim Medinipur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Suman Kumar Ray
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Paschim Medinipur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Praphulla Chandra Shukla
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Paschim Medinipur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Tuphan Kanti Dolai
- Department of Hematology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700014, India
| | - Nishant Chakravorty
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Paschim Medinipur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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Mudali D, Jeevanandam J, Danquah MK. Probing the characteristics and biofunctional effects of disease-affected cells and drug response via machine learning applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:951-977. [PMID: 32633615 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1789062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced transformations in disease characteristics at the cellular and molecular level offers the opportunity to predict and evaluate the efficacy of pharmaceutical ingredients whilst enabling the optimal design of new and improved drugs with enhanced pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Machine learning is a promising in-silico tool used to simulate cells with specific disease properties and to determine their response toward drug uptake. Differences in the properties of normal and infected cells, including biophysical, biochemical and physiological characteristics, plays a key role in developing fundamental cellular probing platforms for machine learning applications. Cellular features can be extracted periodically from both the drug treated, infected, and normal cells via image segmentations in order to probe dynamic differences in cell behavior. Cellular segmentation can be evaluated to reflect the levels of drug effect on a distinct cell or group of cells via probability scoring. This article provides an account for the use of machine learning methods to probe differences in the biophysical, biochemical and physiological characteristics of infected cells in response to pharmacokinetics uptake of drug ingredients for application in cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mudali
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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Li Z, Chen QQ, Lam CWK, Guo JR, Zhang WJ, Wang CY, Wong VKW, Yao MC, Zhang W. Investigation into perturbed nucleoside metabolism and cell cycle for elucidating the cytotoxicity effect of resveratrol on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 17:608-615. [PMID: 31472898 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to understand the molecular events contributing to the cytotoxicity activity of resveratrol (RSV), we investigated its effects on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549 at different concentrations. Cellular nucleoside metabolic profiling was determined by an established liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method in A549 cells. RSV resulted in significant decreases and imbalances of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) pools suppressing subsequent DNA synthesis. Meanwhile, RSV at high concentration caused significant cell cycle arrest at S phase, in which cells required the highest dNTPs supply than other phases for DNA replication. The inhibition of DNA synthesis thus blocked subsequent progression through S phase in A549 cells, which may partly contribute to the cytotoxicity effect of RSV. However, hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of RNR activity, caused similar dNTPs perturbation but no S phase arrest, finally no cytotoxicity effect. Therefore, we believed that the dual effect of high concentration RSV, including S phase arrest and DNA synthesis inhibition, was required for its cytotoxicity effect on A549 cells. In summary, our results provided important clues to the molecular basis for the anticancer effect of RSV on epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qian-Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jian-Ru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wei-Jia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cai-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Mei-Cun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
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Regan S, Yang X, Finnberg NK, El-Deiry WS, Pu JJ. Occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia in hydroxyurea-treated sickle cell disease patient. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1389-1397. [PMID: 31423878 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1647055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) has been widely used in sickle cell disease. Its potential long-term risk for carcinogenesis or leukemogenic risk remains undefined. Here, we report a 26 y old African-American female with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) who developed refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 6 months after 26 months of HU use. That patient's cytogenetics and molecular genetics analyses demonstrated a complex mutation profile with 5q deletion, trisomy 8, and P53 deletion (deletion of 17p13.1). P53 gene sequence studies revealed a multitude of somatic mutations that most suggest a treatment-related etiology. The above-mentioned data indicates that the patient may have developed acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) as a direct result of HU exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Regan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , New York , USA
| | - Xuebin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | | | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Department of Pathology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Jeffrey J Pu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , New York , USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , New York , USA.,Syracuse VA Medical Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , New York , USA
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Rodriguez A, Duez P, Dedeken L, Cotton F, Ferster A. Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) genotoxicity in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29512872 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxyurea (HU) reduces the severity of sickle cell disease (SCD) in children; nevertheless, its long-term safety is an important concern. This paper evaluates HU genotoxicity at dose ≤ 30 mg/kg/day after over 2 years of treatment. PROCEDURE The study included 76 children: 32 SCD patients treated with HU, 27 SCD patients not treated with HU, and 17 unaffected children. HU patients were classified as good or poor responders according to their clinical response. Comet assay allows the comparison of DNA damage between both groups of patients and unaffected children. Maximal concentration (Cmax ) of HU in plasma was determined after drug administration. RESULTS Mean values of DNA in the comet tail were 5.13 ± 6.84 for unaffected children, 5.80 ± 7.78 for patients with SCD treated with HU, and 5.61 ± 6.91 for patients with SCD not treated with HU. Significant differences were observed between unaffected children and children with SCD. No difference was evident between comets from SCD patients treated and not treated with HU. In the case of HU, mean DNA in the comet tail was significantly lower in good responders than in poor responders: 5.54 ± 7.77 and 6.69 ± 8.43, respectively. Mean Cmax value on plasma was 39.08 ± 15.65 mg/l; N = 31. CONCLUSIONS SCD increases, slightly but significantly, DNA damage in lymphocytes from patients with SCD. Patients with SCD treated with HU do not present more nucleoid damage than patients with SCD not treated with HU. Good responders to the HU treatment have significantly less nucleoid damage than poor responders. HU treatment at ≤30 mg/kg/day does not expose patients to a genotoxic plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anar Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Biological and Medical Chemistry, Faculté de Phamacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Service of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculté de Medicine et Pharmacie, Université de Mons (UMONS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Dedeken
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants "Reine Fabiola", Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Cotton
- Laboratory of Biological and Medical Chemistry, Faculté de Phamacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Service of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alina Ferster
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants "Reine Fabiola", Brussels, Belgium
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Rencüzoğulları E, Aydın M. Genotoxic and mutagenic studies of teratogens in developing rat and mouse. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:409-429. [PMID: 29745766 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1465950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of teratogenic chemical agents in both rat and mouse have been reviewed. Of these chemicals, 97 are drugs and 33 are pesticides or belong to other groups. Large literature searches were conducted to determine the effects of chemicals on chromosome abnormalities, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronucleus formation in experimental animals such as rats and mice. In addition, studies that include unscheduled DNA synthesis, DNA adduct formations, and gene mutations, which help to determine the genotoxicity or mutagenicity of chemicals, have been reviewed. It has been estimated that 46.87% of teratogenic drugs and 48.48% of teratogenic pesticides are positive in all tests. So, all of the teratogens involved in this group have genotoxic and mutagenic effects. On the other hand, 36.45% of the drugs and 21.21% of the pesticides have been found to give negative results in at least one test, with the majority of the tests giving positive results. However, only 4.16% of the drugs and 18.18% of the pesticides were determined to give negative results in the majority of the tests. Among tests with major negative results, 12.50% of the teratogenic drugs and 12.12% of the teratogenic pesticides were negative in all conducted tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyyüp Rencüzoğulları
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
| | - Muhsin Aydın
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
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Raja G, Kim S, Yoon D, Yoon C, Kim S. 1
H NMR Based Metabolomics Studies of the Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Zebrafish (Danio rerio
). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Raja
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Siwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Changshin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The new World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for essential thrombocythemia (ET) issued in 2008 made an important distinction between true ET and early myelofibrosis (MF), which has helped to identify a more homogenous population for the diagnosis with longer survival and much less transformation to overt MF. The recent finding of a new mutation (CALR), which is mutually exclusive with JAK2 and MPL mutations, adds to the characterization of ET patients, since there are important phenotypic differences between the mutation types. CALR patients are younger, have lower white blood cell counts (WBC) and a lower thrombosis incidence. A growing field of interest is the state of hypercoagulation due to dysfunction of hemostatic systems, cell-cell interaction and hereditary prothrombotic traits. Activation of platelets, WBC and endothelial cells has been found, making the whole intravascular milieu prothrombotic. Several risk score models, based on retrospective studies, have been developed lately, distinguishing patient groups with graded risk for complications and death. Even if these may be helpful in evaluating patients, they have not been validated in prospective studies and there are not enough data to support their use as a basis for treatment algorithms. The traditional risk factors age, previous thrombosis and platelets >1500 × 10(9)/l are still recommended for the distinction between high risk and low risk ET and the decision to give cytoreductive therapy. However, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors add to thrombosis risk and should be considered both for specific treatment in any risk group and for upgrading low risk patients with high CV risk to an intermediary group where active therapy with aspirin and cytoreduction may be considered. First-line cytoreductive therapy differs with age; in younger patients interferon (IFN) or anagrelide are preferable, in older patients hydroxycarbamide (HC). Second-line therapy for younger patients is HC, for older patients IFN or anagrelide (ANA). JAK2 inhibitors may be suitable in rare cases with symptoms not responding to other therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Birgegård
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
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Schneider LS, von Schwarzenberg K, Lehr T, Ulrich M, Kubisch-Dohmen R, Liebl J, Trauner D, Menche D, Vollmar AM. Vacuolar-ATPase Inhibition Blocks Iron Metabolism to Mediate Therapeutic Effects in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2863-74. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Alonso-Morales A, González-López L, Cázares-Raga FE, Cortés-Martínez L, Torres-Monzón JA, Gallegos-Pérez JL, Rodríguez MH, James AA, Hernández-Hernández FDLC. Protein phosphorylation during Plasmodium berghei gametogenesis. Exp Parasitol 2015; 156:49-60. [PMID: 26008612 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium gametogenesis within the mosquito midgut is a complex differentiation process involving signaling mediated by phosphorylation, which modulate metabolic routes and protein synthesis required to complete this development. However, the mechanisms leading to gametogenesis activation are poorly understood. We analyzed protein phosphorylation during Plasmodium berghei gametogenesis in vitro in serum-free medium using bidimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with immunoblotting (IB) and antibodies specific to phosphorylated serine, threonine and tyrosine. Approximately 75 protein exhibited phosphorylation changes, of which 23 were identified by mass spectrometry. These included components of the cytoskeleton, heat shock proteins, and proteins involved in DNA synthesis and signaling pathways among others. Novel phosphorylation events support a role for these proteins during gametogenesis. The phosphorylation sites of six of the identified proteins, HSP70, WD40 repeat protein msi1, enolase, actin-1 and two isoforms of large subunit of ribonucleoside reductase were investigated using TiO2 phosphopeptides enrichment and tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, transient exposure to hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of ribonucleoside reductase, impaired male gametocytes exflagellation in a dose-dependent manner, and provides a resource for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Alonso-Morales
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D.F., México
| | - Lorena González-López
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D.F., México
| | - Febe Elena Cázares-Raga
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D.F., México
| | - Leticia Cortés-Martínez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D.F., México
| | - Jorge Aurelio Torres-Monzón
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida 19 Poniente esquina 4a Norte s/n, Colonia Centro, C.P. 62100 Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Mario Henry Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad # 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Anthony A James
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Fidel de la Cruz Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D.F., México.
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14
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Guan Z, Wang X, Dong Y, Xu L, Zhu Z, Wang J, Zhang T, Niu B. dNTP deficiency induced by HU via inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase affects neural tube development. Toxicology 2014; 328:142-51. [PMID: 25527867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxic chemicals in utero during the neural tube development period can cause developmental disorders. To evaluate the disruption of neural tube development programming, the murine neural tube defects (NTDs) model was induced by interrupting folate metabolism using methotrexate in our previous study. The present study aimed to examine the effects of dNTP deficiency induced by hydroxyurea (HU), a specific ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor, during murine neural tube development. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with various doses of HU on gestation day (GD) 7.5, and the embryos were checked on GD 11.5. RNR activity and deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) levels were measured in the optimal dose. Additionally, DNA damage was examined by comet analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. Cellular behaviors in NTDs embryos were evaluated with phosphorylation of histone H3 (PH-3) and caspase-3 using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The results showed that NTDs were observed mostly with HU treatment at an optimal dose of 225 mg/kg b/w. RNR activity was inhibited and dNTP levels were decreased in HU-treated embryos with NTDs. Additionally, increased DNA damage, decreased proliferation, and increased caspase-3 were significant in NTDs embryos compared to the controls. Results indicated that HU induced murine NTDs model by disturbing dNTP metabolism and further led to the abnormal cell balance between proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guan
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
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15
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Ando M, Yoshikawa K, Iwase Y, Ishiura S. Usefulness of monitoring γ-H2AX and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells for estimating genotoxicity using a high-content analysis system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:1246-54. [PMID: 24980598 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114541147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the phosphorylated protein γ-H2AX is a well-established marker of DNA strand breakage induced by DNA-damaging compounds. Many of these genotoxic compounds also inhibit cell division, leading to arrest at specific points in the cell cycle. Detection of γ-H2AX in combination with cell cycle arrest may therefore be useful for estimating the genotoxicity of experimental compounds. In this study, we examined γ-H2AX formation and cell cycle arrest using high-content screening (HCS) as a method for determining genotoxicity. HepG2 cells were treated with a panel of compounds and then stained with Hoechst 33342 and anti-γ-H2AX, anti-phospho-histone H3, and anti-tubulin antibodies. In total, 19 genotoxic and 7 nongenotoxic compounds were tested in this study. γ-H2AX production was observed within 1 h posttreatment for the majority of Ames-positive compounds, topoisomerase inhibitors, and DNA polymerase inhibitors. Cell cycle arrest in either the S or G2 phase was detected for all DNA-damaging compounds 24 h posttreatment, whereas tubulin-targeting compounds were shown to induce cell cycle arrest in the mitotic phase. Together, these results show that HCS is a simple, rapid, and effective tool for estimating the genotoxicity of compounds through detection of γ-H2AX production and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Ando
- Safety Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiba, Japan Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshikawa
- Safety Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yumiko Iwase
- Safety Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ishiura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Machon C, Jordheim LP, Puy JY, Lefebvre I, Dumontet C, Guitton J. Fully validated assay for the quantification of endogenous nucleoside mono- and triphosphates using online extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2925-41. [PMID: 24633509 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method coupling online solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to quantify 16 endogenous nucleoside mono- and triphosphates in cellular samples. Separation was achieved on a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column without ion-pairing agent in the mobile phase. Low levels of the ion-pairing agent diethylamine (DEA) added to the reconstitution solution were necessary to prevent peak tailing of nucleoside triphosphates. The mass spectrometer, a triple quadrupole with an electrospray ionisation source, was operated in positive mode. Two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) segments were programmed, each an internal standard. Extraction and separation of nucleoside mono- and triphosphates were obtained within 20 min. The total duration of a single run was 37 min. Calibration curves, performed with labelled nucleotides added to the sample matrix, ranged from 0.29 to 18.8 pmol injected for deoxyribonucleotides and from 3.9 to 3,156 pmol for ribonucleotides. Accuracy did not deviate more than -14.6 and 10.2 % from nominal values for all compounds at all levels. CV results were all lower than 17.0 % for the LLOQ level and 14.6 % for the other levels. Quality control (QC) samples were also in agreement with acceptance criteria, except for the lower QC of GMP. Ion suppression, matrix effect, extraction recoveries and stability were assessed. After validation, the method was applied to the evaluation of the effects of gemcitabine and hydroxyurea on nucleotide pools in Messa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Machon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Toxicologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495, Pierre-Bénite, France
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17
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Sengupta R, Holmgren A. Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin-mediated redox regulation of ribonucleotide reductase. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:68-74. [PMID: 24600515 PMCID: PMC3942543 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the rate-limiting enzyme in DNA synthesis, catalyzes reduction of the different ribonucleotides to their corresponding deoxyribonucleotides. The crucial role of RNR in DNA synthesis has made it an important target for the development of antiviral and anticancer drugs. Taking account of the recent developments in this field of research, this review focuses on the role of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in the redox reactions of the RNR catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Sengupta
- Rajib Sengupta, Arne Holmgren, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Rajib Sengupta, Arne Holmgren, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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