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Mijoba A, Parra-Giménez N, Fernandez-Moreira E, Ramírez H, Serrano X, Blanco Z, Espinosa S, Charris JE. Synthesis of Hybrid Molecules with Imidazole-1,3,4-thiadiazole Core and Evaluation of Biological Activity on Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani. Molecules 2024; 29:4125. [PMID: 39274974 PMCID: PMC11396972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to obtain and evaluate, as antiprotozoals, new derivatives of benzoate imidazo-1,3,4-thiadiazole 18-23 based on the concepts of molecular repositioning and hybridization. In the design of these compounds, two important pharmacophoric subunits of the fexnidazole prototype were used: metronidazole was used as a repositioning molecule, p-aminobenzoic acid was incorporated as a bridge group, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole group was incorporated as a second pharmacophore, which at position 5 has an aromatic group with different substituents incorporated. The final six compounds were obtained through a five-step linear route with moderate to good yields. The biological results demonstrated the potential of this new class of compounds, since three of them 19-21 showed inhibitory activity on proliferation, in the order of 50%, in the in vitro assay against epimastigotes of T. cruzi (Strain Y sensitive to nifurtimox and benznidazole) and promastigotes of L. donovani, at a single concentration of 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mijoba
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47206, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Parásitos, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Altos de Pipe, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Nereida Parra-Giménez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Parásitos, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Altos de Pipe, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | | | - Hegira Ramírez
- Dirección de Investigación, Universidad ECOTEC, Km. 13.5 Vía Samborondón, Guayaquil 092302, Ecuador
| | - Xenón Serrano
- Centro de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas 1058-A, Venezuela
| | - Zuleima Blanco
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47206, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela
| | - Sandra Espinosa
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Jaime E Charris
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47206, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela
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Pitombeira MCSR, Júnior PAS, Murta SMF, Romanha A, Luccas PH, Nonato MC, Rocha REO, Ferreira RS, da Silveira FF, Castelo-Branco FS, Carvalho AS, Boechat N. New 2-nitroimidazole-N-acylhydrazones, analogs of benznidazole, as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400059. [PMID: 38627301 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Worldwide, an estimated 8 million people are infected with T. cruzi, causing more than 10,000 deaths per year. Currently, only two drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole (BNZ), are approved for its treatment. However, both are ineffective during the chronic phase, show toxicity, and produce serious side effects. This work aimed to obtain and evaluate novel 2-nitroimidazole-N-acylhydrazone derivatives analogous to BNZ. The design of these compounds used the two important pharmacophoric subunits of the BNZ prototype, the 2-nitroimidazole nucleus and the benzene ring, and the bioisosterism among the amide group of BNZ and N-acylhydrazone. The 27 compounds were obtained by a three-step route in 57%-98% yields. The biological results demonstrated the potential of this new class of compounds, since eight compounds were potent and selective in the in vitro assay against T. cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes using a drug-susceptible strain of T. cruzi (Tulahuen) (IC50 = 4.3-6.25 µM) and proved to be highly selective with low cytotoxicity on L929 cells. The type I nitroreductase (TcNTR) assay suggests that the new compounds may act as substrates for this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelly C S R Pitombeira
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pos -Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-ICB-UFRJ, Centro de Ciências da Saúde-CCS, Bloco J, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Policarpo A S Júnior
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional e Proteômica de Leishmania spp e Trypanosoma cruzi, Instituto René Rachou (FIOCRUZ-Minas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional e Proteômica de Leishmania spp e Trypanosoma cruzi, Instituto René Rachou (FIOCRUZ-Minas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Romanha
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional e Proteômica de Leishmania spp e Trypanosoma cruzi, Instituto René Rachou (FIOCRUZ-Minas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Luccas
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - M Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael E O Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquíımica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquíımica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávia F da Silveira
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico S Castelo-Branco
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alcione S Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pos -Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-ICB-UFRJ, Centro de Ciências da Saúde-CCS, Bloco J, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Lopez-Sanchez MA, Del Carmen Garcia-Rodriguez M, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Hernandez-Cruz E, Figueroa-Figueroa DI, Hernandez-Luis F. Synthesis of Quinazolin-2,4,6-triamine Derivatives as Non-purine Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors and Exploration of Their Toxicological Potential. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300184. [PMID: 37642254 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new set of quinazolin-2,4,6-triamine derivatives were synthesized to explore their potential biological activity as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, superoxide scavengers and screening of their toxicological profile. Among all the synthesized compounds, B1 exhibited better inhibitory activity against bovine xanthine oxidase (bXO) than allopurinol (IC50 =1.56 μM and IC50 =6.99 μM, respectively). As superoxide scavengers, B1, B2 and B13 exhibited a better effect than allopurinol (97.3 %, 82.1 %, 87.4 % and 69.4 %, respectively). Regarding the toxicological profile, B1 was less cytotoxic than methotrexate on HCT-15 cancer cells. Apoptosis results obtained in cells of female and male mice, showed that B1 and B2 presented a similar behaviour to CrO3 (positive control) with respect to the average frequency to induce apoptosis; while B13 apoptosis induced effect was similar to DMSO and control group. Finally, B1, B2, B13 did not induce genotoxicity in a micronuclei murine model compared to CrO3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A Lopez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Del Carmen Garcia-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Antimutagénesis, Anticarcinogénesis y Antiteratogénesis Ambiental, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, UNAM, Av Guelatao 66, 09230, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Estefani Hernandez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Antimutagénesis, Anticarcinogénesis y Antiteratogénesis Ambiental, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, UNAM, Av Guelatao 66, 09230, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diego I Figueroa-Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Luis
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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Santos-Cruz LF, Ponciano-Gómez A, Torres-Gregorio JT, Ramírez-Cruz BG, Vázquez-Gómez G, Hernández-Portilla LB, Flores-Ortiz CM, Dueñas-García IE, Heres-Pulido ME, Castañeda-Partida L, Durán-Díaz Á, Campos-Aguilar M, Sigrist-Flores SC, Piedra-Ibarra E. Zearalenone Does Not Show Genotoxic Effects in the Drosophila melanogaster Wing Spot Test, but It Induces Oxidative Imbalance, Development, and Fecundity Alterations. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:358. [PMID: 37368659 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal mycoestrogen produced by the Fusarium genus. ZEN and its metabolites compete with 17-beta estradiol for cytosolic estrogen receptors, causing reproductive alterations in vertebrates. ZEN has also been associated with toxic and genotoxic effects, as well as an increased risk for endometrial adenocarcinomas or hyperplasia, breast cancer, and oxidative damage, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies have monitored cellular processes through levels of transcripts associated with Phase I Xenobiotic Metabolism (Cyp6g1 and Cyp6a2), oxidative stress (hsp60 and hsp70), apoptosis (hid, grim, and reaper), and DNA damage genes (Dmp53). In this study, we evaluated the survival and genotoxicity of ZEN, as well as its effects on emergence rate and fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster. Additionally, we determined levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using the D. melanogaster flare and Oregon R(R)-flare strains, which differ in levels of Cyp450 gene expression. Our results showed that ZEN toxicity did not increase mortality by more than 30%. We tested three ZEN concentrations (100, 200, and 400 μM) and found that none of the concentrations were genotoxic but were cytotoxic. Taking into account that it has previously been demonstrated that ZEN administration increased hsp60 expression levels and apoptosis gene transcripts in both strains, the data agree with an increase in ROS and development and fecundity alterations. Since Drosophila lacks homologous genes for mammalian estrogen receptors alpha and beta, the effects of this mycotoxin can be explained by a mechanism different from estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Santos-Cruz
- Toxicología Genética, Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Alberto Ponciano-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Juan Tomás Torres-Gregorio
- Fisiología Vegetal (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Bertha Guadalupe Ramírez-Cruz
- Toxicología Genética, Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Gómez
- Fisiología Vegetal (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luis Barbo Hernández-Portilla
- Fisiología Vegetal (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Cesar Mateo Flores-Ortiz
- Fisiología Vegetal (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Irma Elena Dueñas-García
- Toxicología Genética, Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Heres-Pulido
- Toxicología Genética, Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Laura Castañeda-Partida
- Toxicología Genética, Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Ángel Durán-Díaz
- Mathematics, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Myriam Campos-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Santiago Cristobal Sigrist-Flores
- Laboratorio de Inmunología (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Elías Piedra-Ibarra
- Fisiología Vegetal (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, Mexico
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5
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Velázquez-Ulloa NA, Heres-Pulido ME, Santos-Cruz LF, Durán-Díaz A, Castañeda-Partida L, Browning A, Carmona-Alvarado C, Estrada-Guzmán JC, Ferderer G, Garfias M, Gómez-Loza B, Magaña-Acosta MJ, Perry HH, Dueñas-García IE. Complex interactions between nicotine and resveratrol in the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09744. [PMID: 35770151 PMCID: PMC9234589 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine (NIC) and resveratrol (RES) are chemicals in tobacco and wine, respectively, that are widely consumed concurrently worldwide. NIC is an alkaloid known to be toxic, addictive and to produce oxidative stress, while RES is thought of as an antioxidant with putative health benefits. Oxidative stress can induce genotoxic damage, yet few studies have examined whether NIC is genotoxic in vivo. In vitro studies have shown that RES can ameliorate deleterious effects of NIC. However, RES has been reported to have both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, and an in vivo study reported that 0.011 mM RES was genotoxic. We used the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test to determine whether NIC and RES, first individually and then in combination, were genotoxic and/or altered the cell division. We hypothesized that RES would modulate NIC’s effects. NIC was genotoxic in the standard (ST) cross in a concentration-independent manner, but not genotoxic in the high bioactivation (HB) cross. RES was not genotoxic in either the ST or HB cross at the concentrations tested. We discovered a complex interaction between NIC and RES. Depending on concentration, RES was protective of NIC’s genotoxic damage, RES had no interaction with NIC, or RES had an additive or synergistic effect, increasing NIC’s genotoxic damage. Most NIC, RES, and NIC/RES combinations tested altered the cell division in the ST and HB crosses. Because we used the ST and HB crosses, we demonstrated that genotoxicity and cell division alterations were modulated by the xenobiotic metabolism. These results provide evidence of NIC’s genotoxicity in vivo at specific concentrations. Moreover, NIC’s genotoxicity can be modulated by its interaction with RES in a complex manner, in which their interaction can lead to either increasing NIC’s damage or protecting against it. Nicotine was genotoxic at specific concentrations in the Drosophila wing spot test. Resveratrol protected against nicotine’s genotoxic effects at some concentrations. Resveratrol increased nicotine’s genotoxicity at specific concentrations. Nicotine and resveratrol have a complex interaction in vivo. Studying chemicals in combination in vivo may uncover unexpected interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M E Heres-Pulido
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L F Santos-Cruz
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - A Durán-Díaz
- Mathematics, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Castañeda-Partida
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - A Browning
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C Carmona-Alvarado
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J C Estrada-Guzmán
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - G Ferderer
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Garfias
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA.,Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - B Gómez-Loza
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M J Magaña-Acosta
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.,Department of Developmental Genetics & Molecular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av Universidad, 2001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - H H Perry
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - I E Dueñas-García
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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6
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Reyes-Rodríguez MDLÁ, Santos-Cruz LF, García-Castro C, Durán-Díaz Á, Castañeda-Partida L, Dueñas-García IE, Heres-Pulido ME, Rodríguez-Mercado JJ. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of two thallium compounds using the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07087. [PMID: 34136682 PMCID: PMC8176319 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is a heavy and toxic metal and a byproduct of several human activities, such as cement production, mining, and coal combustion. Thallium is found in fruits, vegetables, and animal fodder with high Tl contamination; therefore, it is an environmental pollution issue and a toxicological contamination problem for human beings and other organisms when exposed to it. The mutagenic potential of Tl and its compounds is controversial, and there are few in vivo studies on its effects. We conducted the animal bioassay Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) to test for genotoxicity and assessed the genotoxic effects of Tl acetate (TlCH3COO) and Tl sulfate (Tl2SO4) on Drosophila melanogaster. Third instar larvae from the SMART standard cross (ST) were fed Tl acetate [0.2, 2, 20, 200, 600 and 1200 μM] and Tl sulfate [0.2, 2, 20, 200, and 600 μM]. Hexavalent chromium [CrO3, 500 μM] served as the positive control, and Milli-Q water served as the negative control. Only the high Tl2SO4 [600 μM] concentration resulted in genotoxicity with 87.6% somatic recombination, and both salts disrupted cell division of wing imaginal disc cells, showing the expected cytotoxic effects. Genotoxic risks due to high metal levels by bioaccumulation of Tl+1 or its compounds require further evaluation with other in vivo and in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Reyes-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Santos-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos García-Castro
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ángel Durán-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Castañeda-Partida
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Irma Elena Dueñas-García
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Heres-Pulido
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Juan José Rodríguez-Mercado
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIE-Z), FES Zaragoza, Campus II, UNAM, Iztapalapa, C.P. 15000, CdMx, Mexico
- Corresponding author.
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Naves MPC, de Morais CR, de Freitas V, Ribeiro DL, Lopes DS, Antunes LMG, de Melo Rodrigues V, de Rezende AAA, Spanó MA. Mutagenic and genotoxic activities of Phospholipase A 2 Bothropstoxin-I from Bothrops jararacussu in Drosophila melanogaster and human cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1602-1610. [PMID: 34033823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 Bothropstoxin-I (PLA2 BthTX-I) is a myotoxic Lys49-PLA2 from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom. In order to evaluate the DNA damage caused by BthTX-I, we used the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster and Comet assay in HUVEC and DU-145 cells. For SMART, different concentrations of BthTX-I (6.72 to 430 μg/mL) were used and no significant changes in the survival rate were observed. Significant frequency of mutant spots was observed for the ST cross at the highest concentration of BthTX-I due to recombinogenic activity. In the HB cross, BthTX-I increased the number of mutant spots at intermediate concentrations, being 53.75 μg/mL highly mutagenic and 107.5 μg/mL predominantly recombinogenic. The highest concentrations were neither mutagenic nor recombinogenic, which could indicate cytotoxicity in the wing cells of D. melanogaster. In vitro, all BthTX-I concentrations (1 to 50 μg/mL) induced decrease in HUVEC cell viability, as well as in DU-145 cells at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μg/mL. The comet assay showed that in HUVEC and DU-145 cells, all BthTX-I concentrations promoted increase of DNA damage. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the mechanism of action of PLA2 BthTX-I and its possible use in therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cássio Resende de Morais
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Vitor de Freitas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Luis Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Lopes
- Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mário Antônio Spanó
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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