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Tang M, Pan X, Yang T, You J, Zhu R, Yang T, Zhang X, Xu M, Rao Z. Multidimensional engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient synthesis of L-tryptophan. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129475. [PMID: 37451510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of microbial cell factory for L-tryptophan (L-trp) production has received widespread attention but still requires extensive efforts due to weak metabolic flux distribution and low yield. Here, the riboswitch-based high-throughput screening (HTS) platform was established to construct a powerful L-trp-producing chassis cell. To facilitate L-trp biosynthesis, gene expression was regulated by promoter and N-terminal coding sequences (NCS) engineering. Modules of degradation, transport and by-product synthesis related to L-trp production were also fine-tuned. Next, a novel transcription factor YihL was excavated to negatively regulate L-trp biosynthesis. Self-regulated promoter-mediated dynamic regulation of branch pathways was performed and cofactor supply was improved for further L-trp biosynthesis. Finally, without extra addition, the yield of strain Trp30 reached 42.5 g/L and 0.178 g/g glucose after 48 h of cultivation in 5-L bioreactor. Overall, strategies described here worked up a promising method combining HTS and multidimensional regulation for developing cell factories for products in interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Tianjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Rongshuai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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Xu Z, Wu G, Wang B, Zhao Y, Liu F. TrpR-Like Protein PXO_00831, Regulated by the Sigma Factor RpoD, Is Involved in Motility, Oxidative Stress Tolerance, and Virulence in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:170-182. [PMID: 36095334 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0165-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes bacterial leaf blight in rice. In this study, we identified a putative TrpR-like protein, PXO_TrpR (PXO_00831), in Xoo. This protein contains a tryptophan (Trp) repressor domain and is highly conserved in Xanthomonas. Auxotrophic assays and RT-qPCR confirmed that PXO_TrpR acts as a Trp repressor, negatively regulating the expression of Trp biosynthesis genes. Pathogenicity tests showed that PXO_trpR knockout in Xoo significantly reduced lesion development and disease symptoms in the leaves of susceptible rice. RNA-seq analysis and phenotypic tests revealed that the PXO_trpR mutant exhibited impaired cell motility and was more sensitive to H2O2 oxidative stress than the wild-type strain. Furthermore, we found that the sigma 70 factor RpoD controlled the transcription of PXO_trpR by directly binding to its promoter region. This study demonstrates the biological function and transcriptional mechanism of PXO_TrpR as a Trp repressor in Xoo and evaluates its novel pathogenic roles by regulating flagellar motility and the oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Guichun Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Yancun Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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Sprenger J, Lawson CL, von Wachenfeldt C, Lo Leggio L, Carey J. Crystal structures of Val58Ile tryptophan repressor in a domain-swapped array in the presence and absence of L-tryptophan. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2021; 77:215-225. [PMID: 34196612 PMCID: PMC8248821 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x21006142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structures of domain-swapped tryptophan repressor (TrpR) variant Val58Ile before and after soaking with the physiological ligand L-tryptophan (L-Trp) indicate that L-Trp occupies the same location in the domain-swapped form as in native dimeric TrpR and makes equivalent residue contacts. This result is unexpected because the ligand binding-site residues arise from three separate polypeptide chains in the domain-swapped form. This work represents the first published structure of a domain-swapped form of TrpR with L-Trp bound. The presented structures also show that the protein amino-terminus, whether or not it bears a disordered extension of about 20 residues, is accessible in the large solvent channels of the domain-swapped crystal form, as in the structures reported previously in this form for TrpR without N-terminal extensions. These findings inspire the exploration of L-Trp analogs and N-terminal modifications as labels to orient guest proteins that cannot otherwise be crystallized in the solvent channels of crystalline domain-swapped TrpR hosts for potential diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Sprenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Catherine L. Lawson
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannette Carey
- Chemistry Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Kawai S, Kawamoto J, Ogawa T, Kurihara T. Development of a regulatable low-temperature protein expression system using the psychrotrophic bacterium, Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10, as the host. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2153-2162. [PMID: 31291825 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1638754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A low-temperature protein expression system is useful for the production of thermolabile proteins. We previously developed a system that enables constitutive protein production at low temperatures, using the psychrotrophic bacterium Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 as the host. To increase the utility of this system, in the present study, we introduced a repressible promoter of the trp operon of this bacterium into the system. When ß-lactamase was produced under the control of this promoter at 18°C and 4°C, the yields were 75 and 33 mg/L-culture, respectively, in the absence of L-Trp, and the yields were decreased by 72% and 77%, respectively, in the presence of L-Trp. We also found that 3-indoleacrylic acid, a competitive inhibitor of the Escherichia coli trp repressor, increased the expression of the reporter gene. This repressible gene expression system would be useful for regulatable recombinant protein production at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Jun Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kurihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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Directed evolution of a synthetic phylogeny of programmable Trp repressors. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:361-367. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lawal O, Muhamadali H, Ahmed WM, White IR, Nijsen TME, Goodacre R, Fowler SJ. Headspace volatile organic compounds from bacteria implicated in ventilator-associated pneumonia analysed by TD-GC/MS. J Breath Res 2018; 12:026002. [PMID: 28947683 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa8efc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a healthcare-acquired infection arising from the invasion of the lower respiratory tract by opportunistic pathogens in ventilated patients. The current method of diagnosis requires the culture of an airway sample such as bronchoalveolar lavage, which is invasive to obtain and may take up to seven days to identify a causal pathogen, or indeed rule out infection. While awaiting results, patients are administered empirical antibiotics; risks of this approach include lack of effect on the causal pathogen, contribution to the development of antibiotic resistance and downstream effects such as increased length of intensive care stay, cost, morbidity and mortality. Specific biomarkers which could identify causal pathogens in a timely manner are needed as they would allow judicious use of the most appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis in exhaled breath is proposed as an alternative due to its non-invasive nature and its potential to provide rapid diagnosis at the patient's bedside. VOCs in exhaled breath originate from exogenous, endogenous, as well as microbial sources. To identify potential markers, VAP-associated pathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in both artificial sputum medium and nutrient broth, and their headspaces were sampled and analysed for VOCs. Previously reported volatile markers were identified in this study, including indole and 1-undecene, alongside compounds that are novel to this investigation, cyclopentanone and 1-hexanol. We further investigated media components (substrates) to identify those that are essential for indole and cyclopentanone production, with potential implications for understanding microbial metabolism in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasola Lawal
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Philips Research, Royal Philips B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Howbeer Muhamadali
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Waqar M Ahmed
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Iain R White
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Royston Goodacre
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Dijkstra AJ, Keck W. Identification of new members of the lytic transglycosylase family in Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 2000; 2:141-5. [PMID: 9158737 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.1996.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bacterial peptidoglycan metabolism and numerous of the enzymes involved therein have been studied extensively over the years, information on the precise number of these enzymes is still lacking as is knowledge on the specific function of most of them. This observation holds true even for the well-studied bacterium Escherichia coli. Through determination of the complete sequences of bacterial genomes, that of Haemophilus influenzae being the first example, the opportunity arises to obtain a comprehensive overview of the members of the different families of peptidoglycan metabolizing enzymes by identification of their genes. Following this rationale, H. influenzae and E. coli genomic sequence was searched for new members of the family of lytic transglycosylases, using three-dimensional structure-derived sequence information. A new putative lytic transglycosylase gene could be identified in both bacterial species. The gene from E. coli was cloned and peptidoglycan hydrolase activity was demonstrated for the gene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Dijkstra
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharma Research Department, Basel, Switzerland
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Fenton C, Hansen A, el-Gewely MR. Modulation of the Escherichia coli tryptophan repressor protein by engineered peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 242:71-8. [PMID: 9439612 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have used the E. coli tryptophan repressor (TrpR) as a model protein for modulation by engineered peptides both in vivo and in vitro. The tryptophan operator promoter-lacZ reporter system was used to investigate the in vivo ability of several synthetic peptides to modulate TrpR function. GMSA (gel mobility shift analysis) was used to study the in vitro ability of the peptides to modulate binding of the TrpR protein to the operator DNA. Peptides WRW, DRW, DW, RW enhanced TrpR binding to the operator in vivo at 100 microM concentrations. The same peptides enhanced TrpR binding to the operator in vitro at 1 mM concentrations. The peptide RRW reduced TrpR binding to the tryptophan operator both in vivo and in vitro. Thus the peptide RRW acted more as an inducer than corepressor. The peptide WR could neither enhance nor impede binding between TrpR and the operator in vivo or in vitro, suggesting that the presence of a carboxyl tryptophan residue may be necessary for binding to the TrpR protein. Thin layer chromatography was used to ensure that the peptides had not been subject to proteolysis during the in vitro gel mobility shift assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fenton
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tromsø, Norway
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9
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Lawson CL. An atomic view of the L-tryptophan binding site of trp repressor. NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 1996; 3:986-7. [PMID: 8946848 DOI: 10.1038/nsb1296-986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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10
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Jardetzky O. Protein dynamics and conformational transitions in allosteric proteins. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 65:171-219. [PMID: 9062432 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(96)00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Jardetzky
- Stanford Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Stanford University, CA 94305-5055, USA
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Chapman D, Hochstrasser R, Millar D, Youderian P. Engineering proteins without primary sequence tryptophan residues: mutant trp repressors with aliphatic substitutions for tryptophan side chains. Gene X 1995; 163:1-11. [PMID: 7557456 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial mismatch-primer mutagenesis was used to make simultaneous changes of codons for residues Trp19 and Trp99 of the Escherichia coli trp aporepressor (TrpR protein) to codons for other residues. Among 21 different single- and double-mutant repressors obtained from this round of mutagenesis, proteins with Trp-->Leu and Trp-->Met changes at one or both positions were found to be nearly as active as the wild type (wt). Genes encoding repressors with each of the eight possible combinations of single- and double-mutant changes of Trp19 and Trp99 to Leu and Met were constructed by recombination in vitro. Whereas three of these eight mutant repressors are unstable in E. coli, all are made at similar steady-state levels in Salmonella typhimurium. Three of the eight mutant holorepressors are lethal when overproduced in S. typhimurium, because they confer an induced auxotrophy. Two different activity assays in vivo show that one of the four double-mutant repressors (Trp19-->Leu; Trp99-->Met) is similar to wt TrpR in its interactions with both Trp and DNA. These results show that more general approaches to engineering active proteins with fewer Trp residues may give rise to functional mutants without aromatic substitutions, and that aliphatic changes should be considered in cases where engineered changes of Trp to Phe or Tyr do not work.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chapman
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844, USA
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Dijkstra AJ, Hermann F, Keck W. Cloning and controlled overexpression of the gene encoding the 35 kDa soluble lytic transglycosylase from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett 1995; 366:115-8. [PMID: 7789526 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The lytic transglycosylases of Escherichia coli are involved in peptidoglycan metabolism and resemble the lysozymes not only in activity, but in the case of the 70 kDa soluble lytic transglycosylase (Slt70), also structurally. Here we report the cloning of the gene that encodes the 35 kDa soluble lytic transglycosylase (Slt35) of E. coli. Based on the sequence of the full-length gene, Slt35 is very likely to be a proteolytically truncated form of a slightly larger protein. The homology between Slt35 and Slt70, albeit poor, indicates that the active site architecture of both proteins may be alike. Using the T-7 promoter system, Slt35 was overproduced in large quantities and purified to homogeneity for crystallographic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Dijkstra
- Pharma Research Department, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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