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Kristó I, Kovács Z, Szabó A, Borkúti P, Gráf A, Sánta ÁT, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Ábrahám E, Honti V, Lipinszki Z, Vilmos P. Moesin contributes to heat shock gene response through direct binding to the Med15 subunit of the Mediator complex in the nucleus. Open Biol 2024; 14:240110. [PMID: 39353569 PMCID: PMC11444770 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The members of the evolutionary conserved actin-binding Ezrin, Radixin and Moesin (ERM) protein family are involved in numerous key cellular processes in the cytoplasm. In the last decades, ERM proteins, like actin and other cytoskeletal components, have also been shown to be functional components of the nucleus; however, the molecular mechanism behind their nuclear activities remained unclear. Therefore, our primary aim was to identify the nuclear protein interactome of the single Drosophila ERM protein, Moesin. We demonstrate that Moesin directly interacts with the Mediator complex through direct binding to its Med15 subunit, and the presence of Moesin at the regulatory regions of the Hsp70Ab heat shock gene was found to be Med15-dependent. Both Moesin and Med15 bind to heat shock factor (Hsf), and they are required for proper Hsp gene expression under physiological conditions. Moreover, we confirmed that Moesin, Med15 and Hsf are able to bind the monomeric form of actin and together they form a complex in the nucleus. These results elucidate a mechanism by which ERMs function within the nucleus. Finally, we present the direct interaction of the human orthologues of Drosophila Moesin and Med15, which highlights the evolutionary significance of our finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Kristó
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Szabó
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Borkúti
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Gráf
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Tamás Sánta
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
- Delta Bio 2000 Ltd. , Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | | | - Edit Ábrahám
- MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktor Honti
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lipinszki
- MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Vilmos
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre , Szeged, Hungary
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Dorantes-Palma D, Pérez-Mora S, Azuara-Liceaga E, Pérez-Rueda E, Pérez-Ishiwara DG, Coca-González M, Medel-Flores MO, Gómez-García C. Screening and Structural Characterization of Heat Shock Response Elements (HSEs) in Entamoeba histolytica Promoters. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1319. [PMID: 38279319 PMCID: PMC10815948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) exhibits a remarkable capacity to respond to thermal shock stress through a sophisticated genetic regulation mechanism. This process is carried out via Heat Shock Response Elements (HSEs), which are recognized by Heat Shock Transcription Factors (EhHSTFs), enabling fine and precise control of gene expression. Our study focused on screening for HSEs in the promoters of the E. histolytica genome, specifically analyzing six HSEs, including Ehpgp5, EhrabB1, EhrabB4, EhrabB5, Ehmlbp, and Ehhsp100. We discovered 2578 HSEs, with 1412 in promoters of hypothetical genes and 1166 in coding genes. We observed that a single promoter could contain anywhere from one to five HSEs. Gene ontology analysis revealed the presence of HSEs in essential genes for the amoeba, including cysteine proteinases, ribosomal genes, Myb family DNA-binding proteins, and Rab GTPases, among others. Complementarily, our molecular docking analyses indicate that these HSEs are potentially recognized by EhHSTF5, EhHSTF6, and EhHSTF7 factors in their trimeric conformation. These findings suggest that E. histolytica has the capability to regulate a wide range of critical genes via HSE-EhHSTFs, not only for thermal stress response but also for vital functions of the parasite. This is the first comprehensive study of HSEs in the genome of E. histolytica, significantly contributing to the understanding of its genetic regulation and highlighting the complexity and precision of this mechanism in the parasite's survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dorantes-Palma
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - Salvador Pérez-Mora
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - Elisa Azuara-Liceaga
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico;
| | - Ernesto Pérez-Rueda
- Unidad Académica del Estado de Yucatán, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 97302, Mexico;
| | - David Guillermo Pérez-Ishiwara
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - Misael Coca-González
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - María Olivia Medel-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - Consuelo Gómez-García
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
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3
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Han X, Shen D, Xiong Q, Bao B, Zhang W, Dai T, Zhao Y, Borriss R, Fan B. The Plant-Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus velezensis FZB42 Controls the Soybean Pathogen Phytophthora sojae Due to Bacilysin Production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0160121. [PMID: 34550751 PMCID: PMC8580012 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01601-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean root rot caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae is a serious soilborne disease threatening soybean production in China. Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a model strain for Gram-positive plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and is able to produce multiple antibiotics. In this study, we demonstrated that B. velezensis FZB42 can efficiently antagonize P. sojae. The underlying mechanism for the inhibition was then investigated. The FZB42 mutants deficient in the synthesis of lipopeptides (bacillomycin D and fengycin), known to have antifungal activities, and polyketides (bacillaene, difficidin, and macrolactin), known to have antibacterial activities, were not impaired in their antagonism toward P. sojae; in contrast, mutants deficient in bacilysin biosynthesis completely lost their antagonistic activities toward P. sojae, indicating that bacilysin was responsible for the activity. Isolated pure bacilysin confirmed this inference. Bacilysin was previously shown to be antagonistic mainly toward prokaryotic bacteria rather than eukaryotes. Here, we found that bacilysin could severely damage the hyphal structures of P. sojae and lead to the loss of its intracellular contents. A device was invented allowing interactions between P. sojae and B. velezensis FZB42 on nutrient agar. In this manner, the effect of FZB42 on P. sojae was studied by transcriptomics. FZB42 significantly inhibited the expression of P. sojae genes related to growth, macromolecule biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and ribosomes. Among them, the genes for pectate lyase were the most significantly downregulated. Additionally, we showed that bacilysin effectively prevents soybean sprouts from being infected by P. sojae and could antagonize diverse Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora palmivora, P. melonis, P. capsici, P. litchi, and, most importantly, P. infestans. IMPORTANCEPhytophthora spp. are widespread eukaryotic phytopathogens and often extremely harmful. Phytophthora can infect many types of plants important to agriculture and forestry and thus cause large economic losses. Perhaps due to inappropriate recognition of Phytophthora as a common pathogen in history, research on the biological control of Phytophthora is limited. This study shows that B. velezensis FZB42 can antagonize various Phytophthora species and prevent the infection of soybean seedlings by P. sojae. The antibiotic produced by FZB42, bacilysin, which was already known to have antibacterial effectiveness, is responsible for the inhibitory action against Phytophthora. We further showed that some Phytophthora genes and pathways may be targeted in future biocontrol studies. Therefore, our data provide a basis for the development of new tools for the prevention and control of root and stem rot in soybean and other plant diseases caused by Phytophthora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshan Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongxia Shen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Xiong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Beihua Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinjuan Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ben Fan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Jin J, Li Y, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Guo J, Wan F. Heat Shock Factor Is Involved in Regulating the Transcriptional Expression of Two Potential Hsps ( AhHsp70 and AhsHsp21) and Its Role in Heat Shock Response of Agasicles hygrophila. Front Physiol 2020; 11:562204. [PMID: 33041860 PMCID: PMC7522579 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.562204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that are involved in numerous normal cellular processes and stress responses, and heat shock factors are transcriptional activators of heat shock proteins. Heat shock factors and heat shock proteins are coordinated in various biological processes. The regulatory function of heat shock factors in the expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins (Hsps) has been documented in some model insects, however, the role of transcription factors in modulating Hsps in other insects is still limited. In this study, one heat shock factor gene (AhHsf) was isolated and its two potential target genes (AhHsp70 and AhsHsp21) were confirmed from Agasicles hygrophila. AhHsf sequence analysis indicated that it belongs to the Hsfs gene family. RT-qPCR showed that expression levels of heat shock factors and of two heat shock proteins significantly increased under heat stress. Injection with double-stranded Hsf RNA in freshly emerged adult beetles significantly inhibited expression of AhHsp70 and AhsHsp21, shortened the adult survival, drastically reduced egg production, and ultimately led to a decrease in fecundity. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of AhHsp70 or AhsHsp21 expression also significantly affected expression of AhHsf. Our findings revealed a potential transcriptional function of AhHsf to regulate expression of AhHsp70 and AhsHsp21, which may play a key role in A. hygrophila thermotolerance. Our results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the AhHsf - AhHsps signaling pathway in A. hygrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Harada AE, Burton RS. Consequences of HSF knockdown on gene expression during the heat shock response in Tigriopus californicus. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb208611. [PMID: 31915203 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.208611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the existence of a cellular heat shock response is nearly universal, its relationship to organismal thermal tolerance is not completely understood. Many of the genes involved are known to be regulated by the highly conserved heat shock transcription factor-1 (HSF-1), yet the regulatory network is not fully characterized. Here, we investigated the role of HSF-1 in gene expression following thermal stress using knockdown of HSF-1 by RNA interference in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus We observed some evidence for decreased transcription of heat shock protein genes following knockdown, supporting the widely acknowledged role of HSF-1 in the heat shock response. However, the majority of differentially expressed genes between the control and HSF-1 knockdown groups were upregulated, suggesting that HSF-1 normally functions to repress their expression. Differential expression observed in genes related to chitin and cuticle formation lends support to previous findings that these processes are highly regulated following heat stress. We performed a genome scan and identified a set of 396 genes associated with canonical heat shock elements. RNA-seq data did not find those genes to be more highly represented in our HSF-1 knockdown treatment, indicating that requirements for binding and interaction of HSF-1 with a given gene are not simply predicted by the presence of HSF-1 binding sites. Further study of the pathways implicated by these results and future comparisons among populations of T. californicus may help us understand the role and importance of HSF-1 in the heat shock response and, more broadly, in organismal thermal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Harada
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronald S Burton
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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6
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Zhao P, Javed S, Shi X, Wu B, Zhang D, Xu S, Wang X. Varying Architecture of Heat Shock Elements Contributes to Distinct Magnitudes of Target Gene Expression and Diverged Biological Pathways in Heat Stress Response of Bread Wheat. Front Genet 2020; 11:30. [PMID: 32117446 PMCID: PMC7010933 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factor (HSF) binds to cis-regulatory motifs known as heat shock elements (HSEs) to mediate the transcriptional response of HSF target genes. However, the HSF-HSEs interaction is not clearly understood. Using the newly released genome reference sequence of bread wheat, we identified 39,478 HSEs (95.6% of which were non-canonical HSEs) and collapsed them into 30,604 wheat genes, accounting for 27.6% wheat genes. Using the intensively heat-responsive transcriptomes of wheat, we demonstrated that canonical HSEs have a higher propensity to induce a response in the closest downstream genes than non-canonical HSEs. However, the response magnitude induced by non-canonical HSEs was comparable to that induced by canonical HSEs. Significantly, some non-canonical HSEs that contain mismatched nucleotides at specific positions within HSEs had a larger response magnitude than that of canonical HSEs. Consistently, most of the HSEs identified in the promoter regions of heat shock proteins were non-canonical HSEs, suggesting an important role for these non-canonical HSEs. Lastly, distinct diverged biological processes were observed between genes containing different HSE types, suggesting that sequence variation in HSEs plays a key role in the evolution of heat responses and adaptation. Our results provide a new perspective to understand the regulatory network underlying heat responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sidra Javed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bingjin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Zhang W, Yao Y, Wang H, Liu Z, Ma L, Wang Y, Xu B. The Roles of Four Novel P450 Genes in Pesticides Resistance in Apis cerana cerana Fabricius: Expression Levels and Detoxification Efficiency. Front Genet 2019; 10:1000. [PMID: 31803222 PMCID: PMC6873825 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are widely distributed multifunctional enzymes that play crucial roles in insecticide detoxification or activation. In this study, to ascertain the molecular mechanisms of P450s in the detoxification of Chinese honeybees, Apis cerana cerana Fabricius (A. c. cerana), we isolated and characterized four new P450 genes (Acc301A1, Acc303A1, Acc306A1, and Acc315A1). The open reading frames of the four genes are 1263 to 1608 bp in length and encode four predicted polypeptides of 499 to 517 amino acids in length. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that expression of all four genes was observed in all developmental stages. In addition, Western blot assays further indicated the RT-qPCR results that showed that the four genes were induced by pesticide (thiamethoxam, deltamethrin, dichlorovos, and paraquat) treatments. Furthermore, we also used double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference to investigate the functions of Acc301A1, Acc303A1,and Acc306A1 in the antioxidant defense of honeybees. RNA interference targeting Acc301A1, Acc303A1, and Acc306A1 significantly increased the mortality rate of A. c. cerana upon pesticide treatment. These results provide important evidence about the role of the four P450 genes involved in detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai´an, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai´an, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai´an, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai´an, China
| | - Lanting Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai´an, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai´an, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai´an, China
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Sanese P, Forte G, Disciglio V, Grossi V, Simone C. FOXO3 on the Road to Longevity: Lessons From SNPs and Chromatin Hubs. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:737-745. [PMID: 31303978 PMCID: PMC6606898 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Health span is driven by a precise interplay between genes and the environment. Cell response to environmental cues is mediated by signaling cascades and genetic variants that affect gene expression by regulating chromatin plasticity. Indeed, they can promote the interaction of promoters with regulatory elements by forming active chromatin hubs. FOXO3 encodes a transcription factor with a strong impact on aging and age-related phenotypes, as it regulates stress response, therefore affecting lifespan. A significant association has been shown between human longevity and several FOXO3 variants located in intron 2. This haplotype block forms a putative aging chromatin hub in which FOXO3 has a central role, as it modulates the physical connection and activity of neighboring genes involved in age-related processes. Here we describe the role of FOXO3 and its single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in healthy aging, with a focus on the enhancer region encompassing the SNP rs2802292, which upregulates FOXO3 expression and can promote the activity of the aging hub in response to different stress stimuli. FOXO3 protective effect on lifespan may be due to the accessibility of this region to transcription factors promoting its expression. This could in part explain the differences in FOXO3 association with longevity between genders, as its activity in females may be modulated by estrogens through estrogen receptor response elements located in the rs2802292-encompassing region. Altogether, the molecular mechanisms described here may help establish whether the rs2802292 SNP can be taken advantage of in predictive medicine and define the potential of targeting FOXO3 for age-related diseases.
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Key Words
- 3C, Chromosome conformation capture
- 5′UTR, Five prime untranslated region
- ACH, Active chromatin hub
- Aging
- Chromatin hub
- ER, Estrogen receptor
- ERE, Estrogen-responsive element
- FHRE, Forkhead response element
- FOXO3
- FOXO3, Forkhead box 3
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GWAS, Genome-wide association study
- HPS, Hamartomatous polyposis syndrome
- HSE, Heat shock element
- HSF1, Heat shock factor 1
- IGF-1, Insulin growth factor-1
- LD, Linkage disequilibrium
- Longevity
- PHTS, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
- PJS, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SNP
- SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism
- SNV, Single nucleotide variant
- SOD2, Superoxide dismutase 2
- TAD, Topologically associated domain
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Forte
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Vittoria Disciglio
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.,Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
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9
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Ma K, Li F, Tang Q, Liang P, Liu Y, Zhang B, Gao X. CYP4CJ1-mediated gossypol and tannic acid tolerance in Aphis gossypii Glover. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:961-970. [PMID: 30572243 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play a key role in herbivorous pest adaptation to host plants by the detoxification against plant allelochemicals. A new P450 gene (CYP4CJ1) was identified from Aphis gossypii, which displayed a positive response to plant allelochemicals. The transcript levels of CYP4CJ1 could be significantly induced by both gossypol and tannic acid. Knockdown of CYP4CJ1 increased the sensitivity of A. gossypii to these two plant allelochemicals. These results suggest that CYP4CJ1 could be involved in the tolerance of A. gossypii to some plant allelochemicals. Subsequently, we examined the regulatory mechanism of CYP4CJ1 based on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. A promoter region from -1422 to -1166 of CYP4CJ1 was identified, which was an essential plant allelochemical responsive region. In addition, miR-4133-3p was found to participate in the regulation of CYP4CJ1 post-transcriptionally. Our results suggest that the transcript abundance of CYP4CJ1, following the exposure of A. gossypii to gossypol and tannic acid can be attributed to both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms. These results are important for understanding the roles of P450s in the plant allelochemical tolerance of A. gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsheng Ma
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiuling Tang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingzhuo Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baizhong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Tangwancharoen S, Moy GW, Burton RS. Multiple Modes of Adaptation: Regulatory and Structural Evolution in a Small Heat Shock Protein Gene. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:2110-2119. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaetee Tangwancharoen
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Gary W Moy
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Ronald S Burton
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA
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11
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Su KH, Dai C. Metabolic control of the proteotoxic stress response: implications in diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4231-4248. [PMID: 27289378 PMCID: PMC5599143 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteome homeostasis, or proteostasis, is essential to maintain cellular fitness and its disturbance is associated with a broad range of human health conditions and diseases. Cells are constantly challenged by various extrinsic and intrinsic insults, which perturb cellular proteostasis and provoke proteotoxic stress. To counter proteomic perturbations and preserve proteostasis, cells mobilize the proteotoxic stress response (PSR), an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional program mediated by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). The HSF1-mediated PSR guards the proteome against misfolding and aggregation. In addition to proteotoxic stress, emerging studies reveal that this proteostatic mechanism also responds to cellular energy state. This regulation is mediated by the key cellular metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In this review, we present an overview of the maintenance of proteostasis by HSF1, the metabolic regulation of the PSR, particularly focusing on AMPK, and their implications in the two major age-related diseases-diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hui Su
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Chengkai Dai
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
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12
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Nguyen AD, Gotelli NJ, Cahan SH. The evolution of heat shock protein sequences, cis-regulatory elements, and expression profiles in the eusocial Hymenoptera. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:15. [PMID: 26787420 PMCID: PMC4717527 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The eusocial Hymenoptera have radiated across a wide range of thermal environments, exposing them to significant physiological stressors. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of three families of Heat Shock Proteins (Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp40), the primary molecular chaperones protecting against thermal damage, across 12 Hymenopteran species and four other insect orders. We also predicted and tested for thermal inducibility of eight Hsps from the presence of cis-regulatory heat shock elements (HSEs). We tested whether Hsp induction patterns in ants were associated with different thermal environments. Results We found evidence for duplications, losses, and cis-regulatory changes in two of the three gene families. One member of the Hsp90 gene family, hsp83, duplicated basally in the Hymenoptera, with shifts in HSE motifs in the novel copy. Both copies were retained in bees, but ants retained only the novel HSE copy. For Hsp70, Hymenoptera lack the primary heat-inducible orthologue from Drosophila melanogaster and instead induce the cognate form, hsc70-4, which also underwent an early duplication. Episodic diversifying selection was detected along the branch predating the duplication of hsc70-4 and continued along one of the paralogue branches after duplication. Four out of eight Hsp genes were heat-inducible and matched the predictions based on presence of conserved HSEs. For the inducible homologues, the more thermally tolerant species, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, had greater Hsp basal expression and induction in response to heat stress than did the less thermally tolerant species, Aphaenogaster picea. Furthermore, there was no trade-off between basal expression and induction. Conclusions Our results highlight the unique evolutionary history of Hsps in eusocial Hymenoptera, which has been shaped by gains, losses, and changes in cis-regulation. Ants, and most likely other Hymenoptera, utilize lineage-specific heat inducible Hsps, whose expression patterns are associated with adaptive variation in thermal tolerance between two ant species. Collectively, our analyses suggest that Hsp sequence and expression patterns may reflect the forces of selection acting on thermal tolerance in ants and other social Hymenoptera. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0573-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Gotelli
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Sara Helms Cahan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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13
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Qi XL, Su XF, Lu GQ, Liu CX, Liang GM, Cheng HM. The effect of silencing arginine kinase by RNAi on the larval development of Helicoverpa armigera. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 105:555-565. [PMID: 26138927 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485315000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) is an important regulation factor of energy metabolism in invertebrate. An arginine kinase gene, named HaAK, was identified to be differentially expressed between Cry1Ac-susceptible (96S) and Cry1Ac-resistant (Bt-R) Helicoverpa armigera larvae using cDNA-amplification fragment length polymorphism analysis. The full-length open reading frame sequence of HaAK gene with 1068 bp was isolated from H. armigera. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that HaAK gene is specifically expressed in multiple tissues and at larval developmental stages. The peak expression level of HaAK was detected in the midgut of the fifth-instar larvae. Moreover, the expression of HaAK was obviously down-regulated in Bt-R larvae. We further constructed a dsRNA vector directly targeting HaAK and employed RNAi technology to control the larvae. The feeding bioassays showed that minute quantities of dsRNA could greatly increase the larval mortality and delay the larval pupation. Silencing of HaAK significantly retarded the larval development, indicating that HaAK is a potential target for RNA interference-based pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-L Qi
- Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
| | - X-F Su
- Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
| | - G-Q Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
| | - C-X Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
| | - G-M Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
| | - H-M Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
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14
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Fulgentini L, Passini V, Colombetti G, Miceli C, La Terza A, Marangoni R. UV Radiation and Visible Light Induce hsp70 Gene Expression in the Antarctic Psychrophilic Ciliate Euplotes focardii. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 70:372-379. [PMID: 25666535 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The psychrophilic ciliate Euplotes focardii inhabits the shallow marine coastal sediments of Antarctica, where, over millions of years of evolution, it has reached a strict molecular adaptation to such a constant-temperature environment (about -2 °C). This long evolution at sub-zero temperatures has made E. focardii unable to respond to heat stress with the activation of its heat shock protein (hsp) 70 genes. These genes can, however, be expressed in response to other stresses, like the oxidative one, thus indicating that the molecular adaptation has exclusively altered the heat stress signaling pathways, while it has preserved hsp70 gene activation in response to other environmental stressors. Since radiative stress has proved to be affine to oxidative stress in several organisms, we investigated the capability of UV radiation to induce hsp70 transcription. E. focardii cell cultures were exposed to several different irradiation regimes, ranging from visible only to a mixture of visible, UV-A and UV-B. The irradiation values of each spectral band have been set to be comparable with those recorded in a typical Antarctic spring. Using Northern blot analysis, we measured the expression level of hsp70 immediately after irradiation (0-h-labeled samples), 1 h, and 2 h from the end of the irradiation. Surprisingly, our results showed that besides UV radiation, the visible light was also able to induce hsp70 expression in E. focardii. Moreover, spectrophotometric measurements have revealed no detectable endogenous pigments in E. focardii, making it difficult to propose a possible explanation for the visible light induction of its hsp70 genes. Further research is needed to conclusively clarify this point.
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15
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Pérez-Landero S, Sandoval-Motta S, Martínez-Anaya C, Yang R, Folch-Mallol JL, Martínez LM, Ventura L, Guillén-Navarro K, Aldana-González M, Nieto-Sotelo J. Complex regulation of Hsf1-Skn7 activities by the catalytic subunits of PKA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: experimental and computational evidences. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26209979 PMCID: PMC4515323 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory network (PKA-RN) regulates metabolism, memory, learning, development, and response to stress. Previous models of this network considered the catalytic subunits (CS) as a single entity, overlooking their functional individualities. Furthermore, PKA-RN dynamics are often measured through cAMP levels in nutrient-depleted cells shortly after being fed with glucose, dismissing downstream physiological processes. Results Here we show that temperature stress, along with deletion of PKA-RN genes, significantly affected HSE-dependent gene expression and the dynamics of the PKA-RN in cells growing in exponential phase. Our genetic analysis revealed complex regulatory interactions between the CS that influenced the inhibition of Hsf1/Skn7 transcription factors. Accordingly, we found new roles in growth control and stress response for Hsf1/Skn7 when PKA activity was low (cdc25Δ cells). Experimental results were used to propose an interaction scheme for the PKA-RN and to build an extension of a classic synchronous discrete modeling framework. Our computational model reproduced the experimental data and predicted complex interactions between the CS and the existence of a repressor of Hsf1/Skn7 that is activated by the CS. Additional genetic analysis identified Ssa1 and Ssa2 chaperones as such repressors. Further modeling of the new data foresaw a third repressor of Hsf1/Skn7, active only in theabsence of Tpk2. By averaging the network state over all its attractors, a good quantitative agreement between computational and experimental results was obtained, as the averages reflected more accurately the population measurements. Conclusions The assumption of PKA being one molecular entity has hindered the study of a wide range of behaviors. Additionally, the dynamics of HSE-dependent gene expression cannot be simulated accurately by considering the activity of single PKA-RN components (i.e., cAMP, individual CS, Bcy1, etc.). We show that the differential roles of the CS are essential to understand the dynamics of the PKA-RN and its targets. Our systems level approach, which combined experimental results with theoretical modeling, unveils the relevance of the interaction scheme for the CS and offers quantitative predictions for several scenarios (WT vs. mutants in PKA-RN genes and growth at optimal temperature vs. heat shock). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-015-0185-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pérez-Landero
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Santiago Sandoval-Motta
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Martínez-Anaya
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Runying Yang
- Present Address: Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
| | - Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol
- Present Address: Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico.
| | - Luz María Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Larissa Ventura
- Present Address: Grupo La Florida México, Tlalnepantla, 54170, Edo. de Méx., Mexico.
| | | | - Maximino Aldana-González
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Nieto-Sotelo
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.
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16
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Chen X, Yao P, Chu X, Hao L, Guo X, Xu B. Isolation of arginine kinase from Apis cerana cerana and its possible involvement in response to adverse stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:169-83. [PMID: 25135575 PMCID: PMC4255252 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine kinases (AK) in invertebrates play the same role as creatine kinases in vertebrates. Both proteins are important for energy metabolism, and previous studies on AK focused on this attribute. In this study, the arginine kinase gene was isolated from Apis cerana cerana and was named AccAK. A 5'-flanking region was also cloned and shown to contain abundant putative binding sites for transcription factors related to development and response to adverse stress. We imitated several abiotic and biotic stresses suffered by A. cerana cerana during their life, including heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, heat, cold, oxidants, antioxidants, ecdysone, and Ascosphaera apis and then studied the expression patterns of AccAK after these treatments. AccAK was upregulated under all conditions, and, in some conditions, this response was very pronounced. Western blot and AccAK enzyme activity assays confirmed the results. In addition, a disc diffusion assay showed that overexpression of AccAK reduced the resistance of Escherichia coli cells to multiple adverse stresses. Taken together, our results indicated that AccAK may be involved of great significance in response to adverse abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Yao
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Hao
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Xu
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
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Huang MX, Du J, Su BJ, Zhao GD, Shen WD, Wei ZG. The expression profile and promoter analysis of ultraspiracle gene in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7955-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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The expression profile and promoter analysis of β-N-acetylglucosaminidases in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6667-78. [PMID: 25001591 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) is a key enzyme in the chitin decomposition process. In this study, we investigated the gene expression profile of GlcNAcases and the regulation mechanism for one of these genes, BmGlcNAcase1, in the silkworm. We performed sequence analysis of GlcNAcase. Using dual-spike-in qPCR method, we examined the expression of Bombyx β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (BmGlcNAcases) in various tissues of silkworm as well as expression changes after stimulation with ecdysone. Using Bac-to-Bac system and luciferase reporter vectors, we further analyzed the promoter sequence of BmGlcNAcase1. The results showed that these proteins have a highly conserved catalytic domain. The expression levels of the BmGlcNAcase genes varied in different tissues, and were increased 48 h after exposure to ecdysone. BmGlcNAcase1 gene promoter with 5'-end serial deletions showed different levels of activity in various tissues, higher in the blood, skin and fat body. Deletion of the region from -347 to -223 upstream of BmGlcNAcase-1 gene abolished its promoter activity. This region contains the binding sites for key transcription factors including Hb, BR-C Z, the HSF and the typical TATA-box element. These results indicate that BmGlcNAcases are expressed at different levels in different tissues of the silkworm, but all are subjected to the regulation by ecdysone. BmGlcNAcase1 promoter analysis has paved a foundation for further study of the gene expression patterns.
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19
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Yan H, Zhang S, Li XY, Yuan FH, Qiu W, Chen YG, Weng SP, He JG, Chen YH. Identification and functional characterization of heat shock transcription factor1 in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 37:184-192. [PMID: 24508618 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors belong to the heat shock factor (HSF) protein family, which are involved in heat shock protein (HSP) gene regulation. They are critical for cell survival upon exposure to harmful conditions. In this study, we identified and characterized a HSF1 (LvHSF1) gene in Litopenaeus vannamei, with a full-length cDNA of 2841 bp and an open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 632 amino acids. Through multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, it was revealed that LvHSF1 was closed to insect HSF family, which contained a highly conserved DNA-binding domain, oligomerization domains with HR-A/B, and a nuclear localization signal. Tissues distribution showed that LvHSF1 was widely expressed in all tissues tested. And it was upregulated in hemocytes and gills after Vibrio alginolyticus or Staphylococcus aureus infection. Dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that LvHSF1 activated the promoters of L. vannamei HSP70 (LvHSP70) and L. vannamei Cactus (LvCactus), while inhibited the expressions of Drosophila antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Atta, Mtk, and L. vannamei AMP PEN4 through NF-κB signal transduction pathway modification. Knocked-down expression of LvHSF1 by dsRNA resulted in downregulations of LvHSP70 and LvCactus, as well as cumulative mortality decreasing under V. alginolyticus or S. aureus infection in L. vannamei. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that LvHSF1 is involved in LvHSP70 regulation, therefore plays a great role in stress resistance. And it also takes part in LvCactus/LvDorsal feedback regulatory pathway modification of L. vannamei, which is in favor of V. alginolyticus or S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hua Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China; MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Jia H, Sun R, Shi W, Yan Y, Li H, Guo X, Xu B. Characterization of a mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase gene from Apis cerana cerana and its role in oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 60:68-79. [PMID: 24269344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mMnSOD) plays a vital role in the defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in eukaryotic mitochondria. In this study, we isolated and identified a mMnSOD gene from Apis cerana cerana, which we named AccSOD2. Several putative transcription factor-binding sites were identified within the 5'-flanking region of AccSOD2, which suggests that AccSOD2 may be involved in organismal development and/or environmental stress responses. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that AccSOD2 is highly expressed in larva and pupae during different developmental stages. In addition, the expression of AccSOD2 could be induced by cold (4 °C), heat (42 °C), H2O2, ultraviolet light (UV), HgCl2, and pesticide treatment. Using a disc diffusion assay, we provide evidence that recombinant AccSOD2 protein can play a functional role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. Finally, the in vivo activities of AccSOD2 were measured under a variety of stressful conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that AccSOD2 plays an important role in cellular stress responses and anti-oxidative processes and that it may be of critical importance to honeybee survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Rujiang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; Yantai Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai, Shandong 264670, PR China
| | - Weina Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Rohner S, Kalck V, Wang X, Ikegami K, Lieb JD, Gasser SM, Meister P. Promoter- and RNA polymerase II-dependent hsp-16 gene association with nuclear pores in Caenorhabditis elegans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 200:589-604. [PMID: 23460676 PMCID: PMC3587839 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201207024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hsp-16.2 promoter is sufficient for recruitment of hsp-16.2 to nuclear pore complexes in a manner dependent on RNA pol II and ENY-2, but not on full-length mRNA production. Some inducible yeast genes relocate to nuclear pores upon activation, but the general relevance of this phenomenon has remained largely unexplored. Here we show that the bidirectional hsp-16.2/41 promoter interacts with the nuclear pore complex upon activation by heat shock in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Direct pore association was confirmed by both super-resolution microscopy and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The hsp-16.2 promoter was sufficient to mediate perinuclear positioning under basal level conditions of expression, both in integrated transgenes carrying from 1 to 74 copies of the promoter and in a single-copy genomic insertion. Perinuclear localization of the uninduced gene depended on promoter elements essential for induction and required the heat-shock transcription factor HSF-1, RNA polymerase II, and ENY-2, a factor that binds both SAGA and the THO/TREX mRNA export complex. After induction, colocalization with nuclear pores increased significantly at the promoter and along the coding sequence, dependent on the same promoter-associated factors, including active RNA polymerase II, and correlated with nascent transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rohner
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Hong SY, Roze LV, Linz JE. Oxidative stress-related transcription factors in the regulation of secondary metabolism. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:683-702. [PMID: 23598564 PMCID: PMC3705287 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive and unequivocal evidence that secondary metabolism in filamentous fungi and plants is associated with oxidative stress. In support of this idea, transcription factors related to oxidative stress response in yeast, plants, and fungi have been shown to participate in controlling secondary metabolism. Aflatoxin biosynthesis, one model of secondary metabolism, has been demonstrated to be triggered and intensified by reactive oxygen species buildup. An oxidative stress-related bZIP transcription factor AtfB is a key player in coordinate expression of antioxidant genes and genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Recent findings from our laboratory provide strong support for a regulatory network comprised of at least four transcription factors that bind in a highly coordinated and timely manner to promoters of the target genes and regulate their expression. In this review, we will focus on transcription factors involved in co-regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis with oxidative stress response in aspergilli, and we will discuss the relationship of known oxidative stress-associated transcription factors and secondary metabolism in other organisms. We will also talk about transcription factors that are involved in oxidative stress response, but have not yet been demonstrated to be affiliated with secondary metabolism. The data support the notion that secondary metabolism provides a secondary line of defense in cellular response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yong Hong
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; E-Mails: (S.-Y.H.); (L.V.R.)
| | - Ludmila V. Roze
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; E-Mails: (S.-Y.H.); (L.V.R.)
| | - John E. Linz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; E-Mails: (S.-Y.H.); (L.V.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-517-355-8474; Fax: +1-517-353-8963
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Wang D, Li F, Li S, Chi Y, Wen R, Feng N, Xiang J. An IκB homologue (FcCactus) in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 39:352-362. [PMID: 23276882 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study firstly reports the characterization of a functional IκB homologue, FcCactus in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The full length cDNA of FcCactus consists of a 1359 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 453 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 48.46 kDa and theoretical pI of 5.23. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple alignments revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of FcCactus cDNA had high similarities to Cactus or IκB reported in seven other arthropods. Genomic DNA sequence of FcCactus was also obtained with a length of more than 17698 bp and constituted of seven exons and six introns. Analysis on 5'-upstream regulatory region of its DNA sequence revealed that it contained the core promoter sequence with the TATA-box and transcription start site existing in it; furthermore, various transcription factor binding sites (HSF, Hb, BR-C Z, Dfd, CF2-II, Croc, Ttk, Dorsal, and c-Rel) were predicted. Spatial expression profiles showed that FcCactus mRNA had the highest expression level in muscle, hemocytes, heart and lymphoid organ. Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus lysodeikticus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio anguillarium) injection to shrimp caused the modulation of FcCactus at the transcription level. DsRNAi (double-strand RNA interference) approach was used to study the function of FcCactus and the data showed that FcCactus could regulate the expression of different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and antiviral factor (AV). The present data showed that FcCactus might play important roles in regulating the immune response of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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24
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Li D, Li G, Wang K, Liu X, Li W, Chen X, Wang Y. Isolation and functional analysis of the promoter of the amphioxus Hsp70a gene. Gene 2012; 510:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Analyzing the promoters of two CYP9A genes in the silkworm Bombyx mori by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1701-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Park JK, Kim SJ. Equilibrium Binding of Wild-type and Mutant Drosophila Heat Shock Factor DNA Binding Domain with HSE DNA Studied by Analytical Ultracentrifugation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.6.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Fan-xin M, Li-mei S, Bei S, Xin Q, Yu Y, Yu C. Heat shock factor 1 regulates the expression of theTRPV1gene in the rat preoptic-anterior hypothalamus area during lipopolysaccharide-induced fever. Exp Physiol 2012; 97:730-40. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.064204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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28
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Identification and characterization of a novel calcyclin binding protein (CacyBP) gene from Apis cerana cerana. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8053-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Yu X, Sun R, Yan H, Guo X, Xu B. Characterization of a sigma class glutathione S-transferase gene in the larvae of the honeybee (Apis cerana cerana) on exposure to mercury. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 161:356-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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30
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Ahn J, Won M, Choi JH, Kyun ML, Cho HS, Park HM, Kang CM, Chung KS. Small heat-shock protein Hsp9 has dual functions in stress adaptation and stress-induced G2-M checkpoint regulation via Cdc25 inactivation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 417:613-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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31
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Goo TW, Kim SW, Kim YB, Kim SR, Park SW, Kang SW, Kwon OY, Yun EY. A powerful ubiquitous activity of Bombyx mori heat shock protein 70 promoter. Genes Genomics 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-011-0060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Liu L, Yu X, Meng F, Guo X, Xu B. Identification and characterization of a novel corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein (CRH-BP) gene from Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 78:161-175. [PMID: 22006535 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein (CRH-BP) is an essential secreted glycoprotein for coordinating the neuroendocrine responses to stress by binding either CRHs or its related peptides. A novel CRH-BP gene AccCRH-BP from Apis cerana cerana was identified and characterized. Its genomic DNA was consisted of seven exons and six introns, and shared high similarity with the homologous members from other insects and vertebrates. Homologous and phylogenetic analysis indicated that AccCRH-BP was highly conserved, suggesting the maintenance of conservative structure might be necessary for its biological function. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that AccCRH-BP was highly expressed in pupa and adult, especially in the head of pupa. However, there was no expression in larval stage. Furthermore, the transcripts of AccCRH-BP in the brain of honeybees were induced by exposure to environmental stresses including UV-light, heat, and cold. The expression level of AccCRH-BP in workers or queens was significantly higher than that of drones. Additionally, analysis of 5'-flanking region of AccCRH-BP revealed a number of putative development and stress transcription factor-binding sites. These data suggest that AccCRH-BP may play important roles in the regulation of honeybee development, and in the central nervous system of the brain to regulate the neuroendocrine stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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33
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Li Q, An J, Liu X, Zhang M, Ling Y, Wang C, Zhao J, Yu L. SNIP1: a new activator of HSE signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 362:1-6. [PMID: 22020748 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, more and more attention has been focused on SNIP1 (Smad nuclear interacting protein 1), which functions as a transcriptional coactivator. We report here that through quantitative real-time PCR analysis in 18 different human tissues, SNIP1 was found to be expressed ubiquitously. When overexpressed in HeLa cells, SNIP1-EGFP fused protein exhibited a nuclear localization with a characteristic subnuclear distribution in speckles or formed larger discrete nuclear bodies in some cells. Reporter gene assay showed that overexpression of SNIP1 in HEK 293 cells or H1299 cells strongly activated the HSE signaling pathway. Moreover, SNIP1 could selectively regulate the transcription of HSP70A1A and HSP27. Taken together, our findings suggest that SNIP1 might also be a positive regulator of HSE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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34
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Zorzi E, Bonvini P. Inducible hsp70 in the regulation of cancer cell survival: analysis of chaperone induction, expression and activity. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3921-56. [PMID: 24213118 PMCID: PMC3763403 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3043921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that control stress is central to realize how cells respond to environmental and physiological insults. All the more important is to reveal how tumour cells withstand their harsher growth conditions and cope with drug-induced apoptosis, since resistance to chemotherapy is the foremost complication when curing cancer. Intensive research on tumour biology over the past number of years has provided significant insights into the molecular events that occur during oncogenesis, and resistance to anti-cancer drugs has been shown to often rely on stress response and expression of inducible heat shock proteins (HSPs). However, with respect to the mechanisms guarding cancer cells against proteotoxic stresses and the modulatory effects that allow their survival, much remains to be defined. Heat shock proteins are molecules responsible for folding newly synthesized polypeptides under physiological conditions and misfolded proteins under stress, but their role in maintaining the transformed phenotype often goes beyond their conventional chaperone activity. Expression of inducible HSPs is known to correlate with limited sensitivity to apoptosis induced by diverse cytotoxic agents and dismal prognosis of several tumour types, however whether cancer cells survive because of the constitutive expression of heat shock proteins or the ability to induce them when adapting to the hostile microenvironment remains to be elucidated. Clear is that tumours appear nowadays more "addicted" to heat shock proteins than previously envisaged, and targeting HSPs represents a powerful approach and a future challenge for sensitizing tumours to therapy. This review will focus on the anti-apoptotic role of heat shock 70kDa protein (Hsp70), and how regulatory factors that control inducible Hsp70 synthesis, expression and activity may be relevant for response to stress and survival of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zorzi
- OncoHematology Clinic of Pediatrics, University-Hospital of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Paolo Bonvini
- OncoHematology Clinic of Pediatrics, University-Hospital of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy; E-Mail:
- Fondazione Città della Speranza, 36030 Monte di Malo, Vicenza, Italy
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35
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Yu X, Wang M, Kang M, Liu L, Guo X, Xu B. Molecular cloning and characterization of two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β subunit genes from Apis cerana cerana. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 77:163-178. [PMID: 21618599 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate fast cholinergic synaptic transmission in the insect nervous system and are important targets for insecticides. In this study, we identified and characterized two novel β subunit genes (Accβ1 and Accβ2) from Apis cerana cerana. Homology analysis indicated that Accβ1 and Accβ2 possess characteristics that are typical of nAChR subunits although Accβ2 was distinct from Accβ1 and the other nAChR subunits, due to its unusual transmembrane structure and uncommon exon-intron boundary within the genomic region encoding the TM1 transmembrane domain. Analysis of the 5' flanking regions indicated that Accβ1 and Accβ2 possess different regulatory elements, suggesting that the genes might exhibit various expression and regulatory patterns. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Accβ2 was expressed at a much higher level than Accβ1 in the tissues of adult bees. During development, Accβ1 was highly expressed at the pupal stages, whereas Accβ2 was abundantly expressed at the larval stages. Furthermore, Accβ1 and Accβ2 were both induced by exposure to various insecticides and environmental stresses although Accβ2 was more responsive than Accβ1. These results indicate that Accβ1 and Accβ2 may have distinct roles in insect growth and development and that they may belong to separate regulatory pathways involved in the response to insecticides and environmental stresses. This report is the first description of the differences between the nAChR β subunit genes in the Chinese honey bee and establishes an initial foundation for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
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36
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Bando H, Hisada H, Ishida H, Hata Y, Katakura Y, Kondo A. Isolation of a novel promoter for efficient protein expression by Aspergillus oryzae in solid-state culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:561-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Yu F, Kang M, Meng F, Guo X, Xu B. Molecular cloning and characterization of a thioredoxin peroxidase gene from Apis cerana cerana. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 20:367-378. [PMID: 21382109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin peroxidases (Tpxs) play important roles in protecting organisms against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating intracellular signal transduction. In the present study, we cloned the full cDNA of Tpx1 encoding a 195-amino acid protein from Apis cerana cerana (Acc). Based on the genomic DNA sequence, a 1442-bp 5'-flanking region was obtained, and the putative transcription factor binding sites were predicted. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that AccTpx1 was highly expressed in thorax and that the AccTpx1 transcript reached its highest level in two-week-old adult worker honeybees. Moreover, expression of the AccTpx1 transcript was increased by various abiotic stresses, such as ultraviolet light, HgCl(2) , and insecticide treatments. In addition, the recombinant AccTpx1 protein exhibited antioxidant activity; it removed hydrogen peroxide and protected DNA. These results suggest that AccTpx1 plays an important role in protecting honeybees from oxidative injury and may act in extending the lifespan of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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38
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Guertin MJ, Petesch SJ, Zobeck KL, Min IM, Lis JT. Drosophila heat shock system as a general model to investigate transcriptional regulation. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 75:1-9. [PMID: 21467139 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2010.75.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the regulation of a gene is uniquely tailored to respond to specific biological needs, general transcriptional mechanisms are used by diversely regulated genes within and across species. The primary mode of regulation is achieved by modulating specific steps in the transcription cycle of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Pol II "pausing" has recently been identified as a prevalent rate-limiting and regulated step in the transcription cycle. Many sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) modulate the duration of the pause by directly or indirectly recruiting positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) kinase, which promotes escape of Pol II from the pause into productive elongation. These specialized TFs find their target-binding sites by discriminating between DNA sequence elements based on the chromatin context in which these elements reside and can result in productive changes in gene expression or nonfunctional "promiscuous" binding. The binding of a TF can precipitate drastic changes in chromatin architecture that can be both dependent and independent of active Pol II transcription. Here, we highlight heat-shock-mediated gene transcription as a model system in which to study common mechanistic features of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Guertin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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39
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Vourc'h C, Biamonti G. Transcription of Satellite DNAs in Mammals. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 51:95-118. [PMID: 21287135 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-16502-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Centromeric and pericentric regions have long been regarded as transcriptionally inert portions of chromosomes. A number of studies in the past 10 years disproved this dogma and provided convincing evidence that centromeric and pericentric sequences are transcriptionally active in several biological contexts.In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive picture of the various contexts (cell growth and differentiation, stress, effect of chromatin organization) in which these sequences are expressed in mouse and human cells and discuss the possible functional implications of centromeric and pericentric sequences activation and/or of the resulting noncoding RNAs. Moreover, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of centromeric and pericentromeric sequences as well as the structural features of encoded RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vourc'h
- INSERM U823; Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble, La Tronche BP170, 38042, Grenoble cedex 9, France,
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40
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Sakurai H, Enoki Y. Novel aspects of heat shock factors: DNA recognition, chromatin modulation and gene expression. FEBS J 2010; 277:4140-9. [PMID: 20945530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock factor (HSF) is an evolutionarily conserved stress-response regulator that activates the transcription of heat shock protein genes, whose products maintain protein homeostasis under normal physiological conditions, as well as under conditions of stress. The promoter regions of the target genes contain a heat shock element consisting of multiple inverted repeats of the pentanucleotide sequence nGAAn. A single HSF of yeast can bind to heat shock elements that differ in the configuration of the nGAAn units and can regulate the transcription of various genes that function not only in stress resistance, but also in a broad range of biological processes. Mammalian cells have four HSF family members involved in different, but in some cases similar, biological functions, including stress resistance, cell differentiation and development. Mammalian HSF family members exhibit differential specificity for different types of heat shock elements, which, together with cell type-specific expression of HSFs is important in determining the target genes of each HSF. This minireview focuses on the molecular mechanisms of DNA recognition, chromatin modulation and gene expression by yeast and mammalian HSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan.
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41
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Guertin MJ, Lis JT. Chromatin landscape dictates HSF binding to target DNA elements. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001114. [PMID: 20844575 PMCID: PMC2936546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) are critical for specifying patterns and levels of gene expression, but target DNA elements are not sufficient to specify TF binding in vivo. In eukaryotes, the binding of a TF is in competition with a constellation of other proteins, including histones, which package DNA into nucleosomes. We used the ChIP-seq assay to examine the genome-wide distribution of Drosophila Heat Shock Factor (HSF), a TF whose binding activity is mediated by heat shock-induced trimerization. HSF binds to 464 sites after heat shock, the vast majority of which contain HSF Sequence-binding Elements (HSEs). HSF-bound sequence motifs represent only a small fraction of the total HSEs present in the genome. ModENCODE ChIP-chip datasets, generated during non-heat shock conditions, were used to show that inducibly bound HSE motifs are associated with histone acetylation, H3K4 trimethylation, RNA Polymerase II, and coactivators, compared to HSE motifs that remain HSF-free. Furthermore, directly changing the chromatin landscape, from an inactive to an active state, permits inducible HSF binding. There is a strong correlation of bound HSEs to active chromatin marks present prior to induced HSF binding, indicating that an HSE's residence in “active” chromatin is a primary determinant of whether HSF can bind following heat shock. Many Transcription Factors (TFs) have been shown to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner. However, only a sub-set of possible binding sites are occupied in vivo, and it remains unclear how TFs discriminate between sequences of equal predicted binding affinity. We set out to determine how a specific TF, Heat Shock Factor (HSF), distinguishes between utilized and unused potential binding sites. HSF is uniquely qualified to study this problem, because HSF is inactive and lowly bound to DNA in unstressed cells and upon stress HSF becomes active and strongly binds to DNA. We compared the properties of the unstressed chromatin between the sites that become HSF-bound or remain HSF-free following stress activation. We find that sites that are destined to be bound strongly by HSF after stress are associated with distinct chromatin marks compared to sites that are unoccupied by HSF after heat shock. Furthermore, chromatin landscape can be changed from a restrictive to a permissive state, allowing inducible HSF binding. These finding suggest that TF binding sites can be predicted based on the chromatin signatures present prior to induced TF recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Guertin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - John T. Lis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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42
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Wang M, Kang M, Guo X, Xu B. Identification and characterization of two phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase genes from Apis cerana cerana. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 152:75-83. [PMID: 20226266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of membrane by reducing hydroperoxides of phospholipids. Here, we report the identification and characterization of two genes, designated AccGtpx-1 and AccGtpx-2, encoding PHGPX proteins from the Chinese honeybees, Apis cerana cerana. Alignment analysis showed that AccGtpx-1 and AccGtpx-2 shared high similarity with other known PHGPXs, which show similar structure to thioredoxin. These single copy genes showed complex exon-intron structures. The mRNA of AccGtpx-1 was detected in larvae, pupae and adults and that AccGtpx-2 was only found in adult worker bees. Furthermore, the expression of AccGtpx-1 could be induced by H(2)O(2), ultraviolet (UV) light, heat shock (37 degrees C), HgCl(2), imidacloprid, cyhalothrin, pyriproxyfen and methomyl. In contrast, AccGtpx-2 expression could only be induced by UV. These results indicated for the first time that the AccGtpx-1 and AccGtpx-2 genes encoding A. cerana cerana PHGPXs are regulated differently in response to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
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43
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Tian S, Haney RA, Feder ME. Phylogeny disambiguates the evolution of heat-shock cis-regulatory elements in Drosophila. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10669. [PMID: 20498853 PMCID: PMC2871787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock genes have a well-studied control mechanism for their expression that is mediated through cis-regulatory motifs known as heat-shock elements (HSEs). The evolution of important features of this control mechanism has not been investigated in detail, however. Here we exploit the genome sequencing of multiple Drosophila species, combined with a wealth of available information on the structure and function of HSEs in D. melanogaster, to undertake this investigation. We find that in single-copy heat shock genes, entire HSEs have evolved or disappeared 14 times, and the phylogenetic approach bounds the timing and direction of these evolutionary events in relation to speciation. In contrast, in the multi-copy gene Hsp70, the number of HSEs is nearly constant across species. HSEs evolve in size, position, and sequence within heat-shock promoters. In turn, functional significance of certain features is implicated by preservation despite this evolutionary change; these features include tail-to-tail arrangements of HSEs, gapped HSEs, and the presence or absence of entire HSEs. The variation among Drosophila species indicates that the cis-regulatory encoding of responsiveness to heat and other stresses is diverse. The broad dimensions of variation uncovered are particularly important as they suggest a substantial challenge for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Tian
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Haney
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Martin E. Feder
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Abstract
Male infertility, characterized by hypogonadism, decreased semen quality or ejaculatory dysfunction, accounts for approximately 20% of infertility cases. Obesity and metabolic dysfunction have been identified, among other causal factors, to contribute to male infertility. In the context of the Western world's 'obesity epidemic', this article discusses three main biological mechanisms linking obesity to impaired male reproductive function: hypogonadism, testicular heat stress/hypoxia-induced apoptosis and endocrine disruption by 'obesogens'. Among these, obesity-induced hypogonadism is undoubtedly the most clinically significant and is easily assessed. Rapidly expanding areas of research in this area include leptin modulation of kisspeptins and hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular hormone pathways, and roles of other adipocytokines in male infertility, as well as the impact of exposure to obesogens on the quality of semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Phillips
- a Assistant Professor, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Principal Scientist, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, 43 Templeton Street, Room 215, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Nongnuj Tanphaichitr
- b Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Professor in Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Biochemistry/Microbiology/Immunology, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada.
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Rossi A, Trotta E, Brandi R, Arisi I, Coccia M, Santoro MG. AIRAP, a new human heat shock gene regulated by heat shock factor 1. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:13607-15. [PMID: 20185824 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.082693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) is the central regulator of heat-induced transcriptional responses leading to rapid expression of molecular chaperones that protect mammalian cells against proteotoxic stress. The main targets for HSF1 are specific promoter elements (HSE) located upstream of heat shock genes encoding a variety of heat shock proteins, including HSP70, HSP90, HSP27, and other proteins of the network. Herein we report that the zinc finger AN1-type domain-2a gene, also known as AIRAP, behaves as a canonical heat shock gene, whose expression is temperature-dependent and strictly controlled by HSF1. Transcription is triggered at temperatures above 40 degrees C in different types of human cancer and primary cells, including peripheral blood monocytes. As shown by ChIP analysis, HSF1 is recruited to the AIRAP promoter rapidly after heat treatment, with a kinetics that parallels HSP70 promoter HSF1-recruitment. In transfection experiments HSF1-silencing abolished heat-induced AIRAP promoter-driven transcription, which could be rescued by exogenous Flag-HSF1 expression. The HSF1 binding HSE sequence in the AIRAP promoter critical for heat-induced transcription was identified. Because its expression is induced at febrile temperatures in human cells, AIRAP may represent a new potential component of the protective response during fever in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rossi
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Kanai T, Takedomi S, Fujiwara S, Atomi H, Imanaka T. Identification of the Phr-dependent heat shock regulon in the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis. J Biochem 2009; 147:361-70. [PMID: 19887527 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis harbors a putative transcriptional regulator (Tk-Phr) that is orthologous to the Pyrococcus furiosus Phr (Pf-Phr). Pf-Phr, a transcriptional regulator, represses genes encoding the small heat shock protein (sHSP), AAA(+) ATPase and Pf-Phr itself under normal growth temperatures. Here we constructed a gene disruption strain of Tk-Phr (strain KHR1). KHR1 cells showed similar specific growth rates with those of the wild-type strain under various temperatures. A whole genome microarray analysis was performed between KHR1 and wild-type cells grown at 80 degrees C. Transcript levels of more than 20 genes were significantly higher in KHR1 cells. Most genes contained a sequence motif virtually identical to that of Pf-Phr in their 5'-flanking regions. The Tk-Phr regulon included genes encoding sHSP, AAA(+) ATPase, prefoldin, RecA superfamily ATPase and Tip49. On the other hand, more than half of the members in the regulon encoded conserved/hypothetical proteins, raising the possibility that these proteins participate in unidentified processes of the heat shock response. In contrast, Tk-Phr deletion did not lead to dramatic increase in transcript and protein levels of a chaperonin (CpkB) previously shown to respond to heat shock, suggesting the presence of a second, Phr-independent heat shock response mechanism in T. kodakaraensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Kanai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Reddy RA, Kumar B, Reddy PS, Mishra RN, Mahanty S, Kaul T, Nair S, Sopory SK, Reddy MK. Molecular cloning and characterization of genes encoding Pennisetum glaucum ascorbate peroxidase and heat-shock factor: interlinking oxidative and heat-stress responses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 166:1646-59. [PMID: 19450902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The recent genetic and biochemical studies reveal a considerable overlap among cellular processes in response to heat and oxidative stress stimuli in plants suggesting an intimate relationship between the heat-shock response and oxidative stress responses. Pennisetum glaucum (Pg) seedlings were exposed to heat stress (42 degrees C for 0.5, 1.0 and 24h) and a mixture of RNA from all the heat stressed seedlings was used to prepare cDNA. Full-length cDNA clones encoding for cytoplasmic ascorbate peroxidase 1 (PgAPX1) and heat-shock factor (PgHSF) were isolated by screening heat stress-specific cDNA library using corresponding EST sequences as radioactive probes. These full-length cDNAs were expressed in E. coli and their recombinant proteins were purified to near homogeneity. The recombinant PgAPX1 preferred ascorbate but did not accept guaiacol as a reducing substrate. Over-expression of PgAPX1 protects E. coli cells against methyl viologen-induced oxidative stress. Sequence analysis of PgAPX1 promoter identified a number of putative stress regulatory cis-elements including a heat-shock element (HSE). Heat-shock transcription factors (HSFs) play a central role in mediating these overlapping cellular processes. Gel shift analysis and competition with specific and non-specific unlabeled DNA probes showed a specific interaction between HSE of PgAPX1 and the PgHSF protein. Expression analysis of PgHSF in Pennisetum showed maximum increase in transcript level in response to heat stress within 30 min of exposure and slowed down at subsequent time points of heat stress, indicating a typical characteristic of HSF in terms of early responsiveness. Expression of PgAPX1 significantly increased under heat-stress condition; however, the maximum expression observed at 24h of heat stress. In gel activity of PgAPX1 in Pennisetum plants also showed an increase in response to heat stress (42 degrees C) being maximum at 24h and these trends are in conformity with the expression pattern of PgAPX1. Expression patterns and interactive specificity of HSF with HSE (PgAPX1) suggest a probable vital interlink in heat and oxidative stress signaling pathways that plays a significant role in comprehending the underlying mechanisms in plant abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesha A Reddy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Zhang H, Cui P, Lin L, Shen P, Tang B, Huang YP. Transcriptional analysis of the hsp70 gene in a haloarchaeon Natrinema sp. J7 under heat and cold stress. Extremophiles 2009; 13:669-78. [PMID: 19448969 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although ubiquitous in all haloarchaea, little is known about the transcription and regulation of the haloarchaeal hsp70. The purpose of this study is to investigate the transcription of the haloarchaeal hsp70 gene in Natrinema sp. J7 under the temperature and osmotic stress. The hsp70 gene was found to be both temperature- and osmotic-induced, while the response of hsp70 to cold shock was stronger than that to heat shock. Western blot analysis corroborated the similar results at the level of Hsp70 protein. Northern blot and primer extension analyses indicated that the hsp70 was transcribed into a monocistronic transcript and the thermal stress had no effect on the transcription initiation sites choice. The deletion analyses showed that two putative elements, TATA-box (TTTAAAA) and BRE (AGTAAC) located -27 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site played an essential role for the basal transcription of P( hsp70 ). The results suggested that there are some special regulators of hsp70 gene in Natrinema sp. J7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
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The tyrosinase-encoding gene of Lentinula edodes, Letyr, is abundantly expressed in the gills of the fruit-body during post-harvest preservation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009; 73:1042-7. [PMID: 19420720 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The gill browning of Lentinula edodes fruit-bodies during preservation is thought to be due to melanin biosynthesis catalyzed by tyrosinase. We isolated a genomic DNA sequence and cDNA encoding a putative tyrosinase from the white rot basidiomycete Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom). The gene, named Letyr, consists of a 1,854-bp open reading frame interrupted by eight introns, and encodes a putative protein of 618 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular mass of 68 kDa. Amino acid residues known to be involved in copper-binding domains were conserved in the deduced amino acid residues of LeTyr. Transcriptional and translational expression of Letyr in the gills of the fruit-body increased during preservation after harvest. This correlation between Letyr expression and fruit-body preservation suggests that tyrosinase gene expression contributes to gill browning.
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Kokolakis G, Kritsidima M, Tkachenko T, Mintzas AC. Two hsp23 genes in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata: structural characterization, heat shock regulation and developmental expression. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 18:171-181. [PMID: 19320758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized a 3320-bp genomic DNA fragment encoding two medfly (Ceratitis capitata) homologues of the Drosophila melanogaster heat shock protein 23 (hsp23) gene, named Cchsp23-alphaand -beta. The two medfly hsp23 genes are transcribed in opposite directions and encode two almost identical proteins. Furthermore, the two genes exhibit a very high degree of similarity in their 5' untranslated and proximal promoter regions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the CcHsp23 proteins are orthologous to Drosophila Hsp23 and Sarcophaga crassipalpis Hsp23. Structural analysis of the 5' flanking regions of the Cchsp23 genes revealed the presence of several putative heat shock elements. Both CcHsp23 genes are induced by heat in a similar manner. In addition to heat-induction, the Cchsp23 genes are expressed at several stages of normal development as well as in ovaries and testes. In general, the developmental expression patterns of the medfly genes are similar, suggesting that they are under similar regulatory mechanisms. However, the expression of the Cchsp23 genes differs significantly from the expression of the Drosophila hsp23 gene in certain embryonic and larval stages, suggesting differential regulation of the hsp23 genes in the two dipteran species. The expression of both Cchsp23 genes in adult flies is increased with age, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kokolakis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, Greece
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